diff --git a/src/libstore/unix/build/derivation-builder.cc b/src/libstore/unix/build/derivation-builder.cc
index 1d25cb479b3..504063da097 100644
--- a/src/libstore/unix/build/derivation-builder.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/unix/build/derivation-builder.cc
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class DerivationBuilderImpl : public DerivationBuilder, public DerivationBuilder
      */
     virtual std::unique_ptr<UserLock> getBuildUser()
     {
-        return acquireUserLock(localSettings, 1, false);
+        return acquireUserLock(settings.nixStateDir, localSettings, 1, false);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/libstore/unix/build/linux-derivation-builder.cc b/src/libstore/unix/build/linux-derivation-builder.cc
index 7f4621c573b..0ffcf0ccb65 100644
--- a/src/libstore/unix/build/linux-derivation-builder.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/unix/build/linux-derivation-builder.cc
@@ -222,7 +222,8 @@ struct ChrootLinuxDerivationBuilder : ChrootDerivationBuilder, LinuxDerivationBu
 
     std::unique_ptr<UserLock> getBuildUser() override
     {
-        return acquireUserLock(store.config->getLocalSettings(), drvOptions.useUidRange(drv) ? 65536 : 1, true);
+        return acquireUserLock(
+            settings.nixStateDir, store.config->getLocalSettings(), drvOptions.useUidRange(drv) ? 65536 : 1, true);
     }
 
     void prepareUser() override
diff --git a/src/libstore/unix/include/nix/store/user-lock.hh b/src/libstore/unix/include/nix/store/user-lock.hh
index 707c7c38a9b..0c10906f59a 100644
--- a/src/libstore/unix/include/nix/store/user-lock.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/unix/include/nix/store/user-lock.hh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 ///@file
 
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ struct UserLock
  * Acquire a user lock for a UID range of size `nrIds`. Note that this
  * may return nullptr if no user is available.
  */
-std::unique_ptr<UserLock> acquireUserLock(const LocalSettings & localSettings, uid_t nrIds, bool useUserNamespace);
+std::unique_ptr<UserLock> acquireUserLock(
+    const std::filesystem::path & stateDir, const LocalSettings & localSettings, uid_t nrIds, bool useUserNamespace);
 
 bool useBuildUsers(const LocalSettings &);
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/unix/user-lock.cc b/src/libstore/unix/user-lock.cc
index e2f2372742f..c9abdddcea8 100644
--- a/src/libstore/unix/user-lock.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/unix/user-lock.cc
@@ -214,14 +214,15 @@ struct AutoUserLock : UserLock
     }
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<UserLock> acquireUserLock(const LocalSettings & localSettings, uid_t nrIds, bool useUserNamespace)
+std::unique_ptr<UserLock> acquireUserLock(
+    const std::filesystem::path & stateDir, const LocalSettings & localSettings, uid_t nrIds, bool useUserNamespace)
 {
     if (auto * uidSettings = localSettings.getAutoAllocateUidSettings()) {
-        auto userPoolDir = settings.nixStateDir / "userpool2";
+        auto userPoolDir = stateDir / "userpool2";
         createDirs(userPoolDir);
         return AutoUserLock::acquire(userPoolDir, localSettings.buildUsersGroup, nrIds, useUserNamespace, *uidSettings);
     } else {
-        auto userPoolDir = settings.nixStateDir / "userpool";
+        auto userPoolDir = stateDir / "userpool";
         createDirs(userPoolDir);
         return SimpleUserLock::acquire(userPoolDir, localSettings.buildUsersGroup);
     }