diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index bae679c8e..777969cc3 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -24,3 +24,11 @@ repos:
     - id: ruff
       args: [--fix]
     - id: ruff-format
+- repo: local
+  hooks:
+    - id: check-spdx
+      name: Check SPDX Headers
+      entry: python ./toolshed/check_spdx.py
+      language: python
+      additional_dependencies:
+        - pathspec==0.12.1
diff --git a/.spdx-ignore b/.spdx-ignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..276bc5cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.spdx-ignore
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+LICENSE
+LICENSE.numba
+*.html
+*.json
+*.md
+*.png
+*.svg
+*.rst
+*.txt
+*.ptx
+*.pyc
+requirements*.txt
+
+# Documentation build artifacts
+docs/build/*
+
+# Binary files
+*.so
+*.dll
+
+# Build artifacts and egg-info
+build/*
+dist/*
+*.egg-info/*
+
+# Version files
+numba_cuda/VERSION
+
+# External CUDA SDK headers
+numba_cuda/numba/cuda/include/*/cuda_*.h
+numba_cuda/numba/cuda/include/*/cuda_*.hpp
+
+# GitHub configuration files
+.github/CODEOWNERS
diff --git a/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/bytecode.py b/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/bytecode.py
index cdef26dd0..ce5d0ba85 100644
--- a/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/bytecode.py
+++ b/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/bytecode.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
 from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
 import dis
 import inspect
diff --git a/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/environment.py b/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/environment.py
index a1d318e04..f58c669f0 100644
--- a/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/environment.py
+++ b/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/core/environment.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
 import weakref
 import importlib
 
diff --git a/toolshed/check_spdx.py b/toolshed/check_spdx.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..619840ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolshed/check_spdx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pathspec
+
+# Intentionally puzzling together EXPECTED_SPDX_BYTES so that we don't overlook
+# if the identifiers are missing in this file.
+EXPECTED_SPDX_BYTES = (
+    b"-".join((b"SPDX", b"License", b"Identifier: ")),
+    b"-".join((b"SPDX", b"FileCopyrightText: ")),
+)
+
+SPDX_IGNORE_FILENAME = ".spdx-ignore"
+
+
+def load_spdx_ignore():
+    if os.path.exists(SPDX_IGNORE_FILENAME):
+        with open(SPDX_IGNORE_FILENAME, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            lines = f.readlines()
+    else:
+        lines = []
+    lines.append(SPDX_IGNORE_FILENAME + "\n")
+    return pathspec.PathSpec.from_lines("gitwildmatch", lines)
+
+
+def has_spdx_or_is_empty(filepath):
+    with open(filepath, "rb") as f:
+        blob = f.read()
+    if len(blob.strip()) == 0:
+        return True
+    good = True
+    for expected_bytes in EXPECTED_SPDX_BYTES:
+        if expected_bytes not in blob:
+            print(f"MISSING {expected_bytes.decode()}{filepath!r}")
+            good = False
+    return good
+
+
+def main(args):
+    assert args, "filepaths expected to be passed from pre-commit"
+
+    ignore_spec = load_spdx_ignore()
+
+    returncode = 0
+    for filepath in args:
+        if ignore_spec.match_file(filepath):
+            continue
+        if not has_spdx_or_is_empty(filepath):
+            returncode = 1
+    return returncode
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))