diff --git a/nemo_skills/inference/generate.py b/nemo_skills/inference/generate.py
index 70d1feae3c..e05a532793 100644
--- a/nemo_skills/inference/generate.py
+++ b/nemo_skills/inference/generate.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     get_evaluator_class,
     supports_single_eval,
 )
+from nemo_skills.inference.litellm_hybrid_cache import StableLiteLLMCache
 from nemo_skills.inference.model import (
     ParallelThinkingConfig,
     get_code_execution_model,
@@ -824,10 +825,11 @@ def setup_litellm_cache(self):
             self.litellm_cache_dir = (
                 Path(self.cfg.output_file).parent / "litellm_cache" / f"{output_file_name}_{self.cfg.chunk_id or 0}"
             )
-            litellm.cache = litellm.Cache(type="disk", disk_cache_dir=self.litellm_cache_dir)
+            litellm.cache = StableLiteLLMCache(cache_file_path=str(self.litellm_cache_dir / "cache.pkl"))
 
     def cleanup_litellm_cache(self):
         if self.cfg.enable_litellm_cache:
+            litellm.cache.cache.force_save()
             shutil.rmtree(self.litellm_cache_dir)
 
     def generate(self):
diff --git a/nemo_skills/inference/litellm_hybrid_cache.py b/nemo_skills/inference/litellm_hybrid_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91e76f0e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_skills/inference/litellm_hybrid_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+"""
+Hybrid Cache implementation that keeps data in memory and periodically saves to a single file on disk.
+
+This avoids the issue with disk cache creating too many files while still persisting cache across runs.
+
+Also includes StableLiteLLMCache which fixes litellm's cache key generation to be order-independent.
+"""
+
+import atexit
+import json
+import os
+import pickle
+import threading
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+import litellm
+from litellm.caching.caching import Cache as LiteLLMCache
+
+
+class HybridCache:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache_file_path: str,
+        save_interval_seconds: float = 300.0,  # 5 minutes
+    ):
+        self.cache_file_path = cache_file_path
+        self.save_interval_seconds = save_interval_seconds
+
+        self.cache_dict: dict = {}
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._dirty = False  # Track if cache has been modified since last save
+        self._stop_event = threading.Event()
+        self._save_thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
+
+        self._load_from_disk()
+        self._start_background_save_thread()
+
+        atexit.register(self._shutdown)
+
+    def _check_no_ttl(self, **kwargs):
+        """Raise error if TTL is provided since TTL is not supported."""
+        if kwargs.get("ttl") is not None:
+            raise ValueError("TTL is not supported by HybridCache")
+
+    def _load_from_disk(self):
+        """Load cache from disk if the file exists."""
+        if os.path.exists(self.cache_file_path):
+            with open(self.cache_file_path, "rb") as f:
+                data = pickle.load(f)
+                self.cache_dict = data["cache_dict"]
+
+    def _save_to_disk(self):
+        """Save cache to disk."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._dirty:
+                return
+            data = {
+                "cache_dict": self.cache_dict.copy(),
+            }
+            self._dirty = False
+
+        temp_path = self.cache_file_path + ".tmp"
+        Path(self.cache_file_path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(temp_path, "wb") as f:
+            pickle.dump(data, f, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+        os.replace(temp_path, self.cache_file_path)
+
+    def _start_background_save_thread(self):
+        """Start a background thread that periodically saves to disk."""
+
+        def save_loop():
+            while not self._stop_event.wait(timeout=self.save_interval_seconds):
+                self._save_to_disk()
+
+        self._save_thread = threading.Thread(target=save_loop, daemon=True)
+        self._save_thread.start()
+
+    def _shutdown(self):
+        """Shutdown the background thread and save cache."""
+        self._stop_event.set()
+        if self._save_thread is not None:
+            self._save_thread.join(timeout=5.0)
+        self._save_to_disk()
+
+    def set_cache(self, key, value, **kwargs):
+        """Set a value in the cache."""
+        self._check_no_ttl(**kwargs)
+        with self._lock:
+            self.cache_dict[key] = value
+            self._dirty = True
+
+    async def async_set_cache(self, key, value, **kwargs):
+        """Async set - delegates to sync implementation since we're using in-memory."""
+        self.set_cache(key=key, value=value, **kwargs)
+
+    async def async_set_cache_pipeline(self, cache_list, **kwargs):
+        """Set multiple cache entries."""
+        for cache_key, cache_value in cache_list:
+            self.set_cache(key=cache_key, value=cache_value, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_cache(self, key, **kwargs):
+        """Get a value from the cache."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if key not in self.cache_dict:
+                return None
+            cached_response = self.cache_dict[key]
+            if isinstance(cached_response, str):
+                try:
+                    cached_response = json.loads(cached_response)
+                except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                    pass
+            return cached_response
+
+    async def async_get_cache(self, key, **kwargs):
+        """Async get - delegates to sync implementation."""
+        return self.get_cache(key=key, **kwargs)
+
+    def batch_get_cache(self, keys: list, **kwargs):
+        """Get multiple values from cache."""
+        return [self.get_cache(key=k, **kwargs) for k in keys]
+
+    async def async_batch_get_cache(self, keys: list, **kwargs):
+        """Async batch get."""
+        return self.batch_get_cache(keys=keys, **kwargs)
+
+    def increment_cache(self, key, value: int, **kwargs) -> int:
+        """Increment a cache value."""
+        with self._lock:
+            init_value = self.get_cache(key=key) or 0
+            new_value = init_value + value
+            self.set_cache(key, new_value, **kwargs)
+            return new_value
+
+    async def async_increment(self, key, value: float, **kwargs) -> float:
+        """Async increment."""
+        return self.increment_cache(key, int(value), **kwargs)
+
+    def flush_cache(self):
+        """Clear all cache entries."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self.cache_dict.clear()
+            self._dirty = True
+
+    def delete_cache(self, key):
+        """Delete a specific key from cache."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self.cache_dict.pop(key, None)
+            self._dirty = True
+
+    async def disconnect(self):
+        """Disconnect and save cache to disk."""
+        self._shutdown()
+
+    async def async_set_cache_sadd(self, key, value: List):
+        """Add values to a set."""
+        with self._lock:
+            init_value = self.get_cache(key=key) or set()
+            for val in value:
+                init_value.add(val)
+            self.set_cache(key, init_value)
+            return value
+
+    def force_save(self):
+        """Force an immediate save to disk."""
+        self._dirty = True
+        self._save_to_disk()
+
+
+class StableLiteLLMCache(LiteLLMCache):
+    """
+    A litellm Cache subclass that generates order-independent cache keys.
+
+    The default litellm cache key generation iterates through kwargs in order,
+    which means the same request with different parameter ordering produces
+    different cache keys. This class fixes that by sorting kwargs before iteration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_file_path: str, save_interval_seconds: float = 300.0, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(type="local", **kwargs)
+        self.cache = HybridCache(
+            cache_file_path=cache_file_path,
+            save_interval_seconds=save_interval_seconds,
+        )
+
+    def _stable_str(self, value) -> str:
+        """Convert value to string deterministically (handles nested dicts/lists)."""
+        if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+            return json.dumps(value, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        return str(value)
+
+    def get_cache_key(self, **kwargs) -> str:
+        """
+        Get the cache key for the given arguments.
+        Same as parent but with sorted iteration for deterministic keys.
+        """
+        from litellm.litellm_core_utils.model_param_helper import ModelParamHelper
+        from litellm.types.utils import all_litellm_params
+
+        cache_key = ""
+
+        preset_cache_key = self._get_preset_cache_key_from_kwargs(**kwargs)
+        if preset_cache_key is not None:
+            return preset_cache_key
+
+        combined_kwargs = ModelParamHelper._get_all_llm_api_params()
+        litellm_param_kwargs = all_litellm_params
+
+        # FIX: Sort kwargs for deterministic cache key generation
+        for param in sorted(kwargs.keys()):
+            if param in combined_kwargs:
+                param_value = self._get_param_value(param, kwargs)
+                if param_value is not None:
+                    cache_key += f"{str(param)}: {self._stable_str(param_value)}"
+            elif param not in litellm_param_kwargs:
+                if litellm.enable_caching_on_provider_specific_optional_params is True:
+                    if kwargs[param] is None:
+                        continue
+                    param_value = kwargs[param]
+                    cache_key += f"{str(param)}: {self._stable_str(param_value)}"
+
+        hashed_cache_key = self._get_hashed_cache_key(cache_key)
+        hashed_cache_key = self._add_namespace_to_cache_key(hashed_cache_key, **kwargs)
+        self._set_preset_cache_key_in_kwargs(preset_cache_key=hashed_cache_key, **kwargs)
+        return hashed_cache_key
diff --git a/recipes/proof-gen-verification/scripts/script_generation.py b/recipes/proof-gen-verification/scripts/script_generation.py
index 9f615be6ab..96400619de 100644
--- a/recipes/proof-gen-verification/scripts/script_generation.py
+++ b/recipes/proof-gen-verification/scripts/script_generation.py
@@ -105,9 +105,11 @@ async def process_single_datapoint(self, data_point, all_data):
             kwargs["llm_kwargs"] = self.llm_kwargs
         if "random_seed" in sig.parameters:
             kwargs["random_seed"] = self.random_seed
-        result = await self._script_module.process_single(**kwargs)
-        if "generation" not in result:
-            result["generation"] = "dummy generation key"  # To avoid error in dumping
+        async with self.semaphore:
+            result = await self._script_module.process_single(**kwargs)
+            if "generation" not in result:
+                result["generation"] = "dummy generation key"  # To avoid error in dumping
+
         return result