diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index e87f95c584..dc1c84583d 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -227,6 +227,9 @@ The Dataset column links to publicly available datasets (e.g., on HuggingFace). | Instruction Following | instruction_following | Instruction following datasets targeting IFEval and IFBench style instruction following capabilities | Improve IFEval and IFBench | ✓ | - | Apache 2.0 | instruction_following.yaml | Nemotron-RL-instruction_following | | Jailbreak Detection | safety | Jailbreak detection with Nemotron judge + combined reward | Improve Jailbreak Robustness and Safety/Security Behavior Guide Enforcement | - | - | - | jailbreak_detection_nemotron_combined_reward_tp8.yaml | - | | Labbench2 Vlm | knowledge | labbench2 VLM benchmarks: scientific figure/table QA (figqa2, tableqa2), protocol troubleshooting (protocolqa2), LLM-as-judge | Measure scientific reasoning on figures, tables, and lab protocols | - | ✓ | - | labbench2_vlm.yaml | - | +| Longmt Eval | other | Document-level MT verifier for pg19 books using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score) | Rewards long-form book translation at the document level using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. | - | - | - | longmt_pg19.yaml | - | +| Longmt Eval | other | Document-level MT verifier for wmt24pp short docs using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score). | Rewards document-level translation quality across 55 language pairs using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. | - | - | - | longmt_wmt24pp.yaml | - | +| Longmt Eval | other | Document-level MT verifier using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score) | Rewards long-form translation quality at the document level using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. | - | - | - | longmt_eval.yaml | - | | Math Advanced Calculations | agent | An instruction following math environment with counter-intuitive calculators | Improve instruction following capabilities in specific math environments | ✓ | - | Apache 2.0 | math_advanced_calculations.yaml | Nemotron-RL-math-advanced_calculations | | Math Formal Lean | math | Lean4 formal proof verification environment | Improve formal theorem proving capabilities | ✓ | - | Apache 2.0 | nemotron_clean_easy.yaml | - | | Math Formal Lean | math | Lean4 formal proof verification environment | Improve formal theorem proving capabilities | ✓ | - | Apache 2.0 | nemotron_first_try_hard.yaml | - | diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/__init__.py b/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/config.yaml b/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3afa8e51f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +config_paths: + - resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_pg19.yaml + +longmt_pg19_resources_server: + _inherit_from: longmt_eval + +longmt_pg19_agent: + _inherit_from: longmt_pg19_simple_agent + responses_api_agents: + simple_agent: + resources_server: + name: longmt_pg19_resources_server + datasets: + - name: pg19_benchmark + type: benchmark + jsonl_fpath: benchmarks/longmt_pg19/data/pg19_benchmark.jsonl + prompt_config: benchmarks/prompts/generic/longmt.yaml + prepare_script: benchmarks/longmt_pg19/prepare.py + num_repeats: 5 + license: Apache 2.0 diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/prepare.py b/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/prepare.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8aec3899a --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarks/longmt_pg19/prepare.py @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +"""Prepare pg19 benchmark for long-document translation. + +Downloads emozilla/pg19 (test split, 100 books) and writes pg19_benchmark.jsonl +with one record per (book, target language, truncation length). Each row has a +`target_len` field (int, tiktoken cl100k_base tokens) so rollouts can be +grouped or filtered by context length. + +Books are truncated from the end so the model always sees the beginning of the +book without skipping content. + +Also pre-fetches the SEGALE judge models (LASER2, ersatz, wmt22-cometkiwi-da) +into their cache directories so the resource server can run with +HF_HUB_OFFLINE=1 from the first verify() call. + +Usage: + python prepare.py + python prepare.py --target_languages de_DE fr_FR ja_JP + python prepare.py --lengths 8 32 65 + python prepare.py --no_prefetch +""" + +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +from pathlib import Path + +from datasets import load_dataset + + +BENCHMARK_DIR = Path(__file__).parent +DATA_DIR = BENCHMARK_DIR / "data" + +HF_REPO_ID = "emozilla/pg19" + +# Truncation lengths in tiktoken cl100k_base tokens (powers of 2). +DEFAULT_LENGTHS = [2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768, 65536] + +# 6 core languages matching the initial pg19 evaluation runs. +DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGUAGES = ["de_DE", "es_MX", "fr_FR", "it_IT", "ja_JP", "zh_CN"] + +# Full 55-language set (same as NeMo-Skills pg19 prepare.py). +ALL_LANGUAGES = [ + "ar_EG", + "ar_SA", + "bg_BG", + "bn_IN", + "ca_ES", + "cs_CZ", + "da_DK", + "de_DE", + "el_GR", + "es_MX", + "et_EE", + "fa_IR", + "fi_FI", + "fil_PH", + "fr_CA", + "fr_FR", + "gu_IN", + "he_IL", + "hi_IN", + "hr_HR", + "hu_HU", + "id_ID", + "is_IS", + "it_IT", + "ja_JP", + "kn_IN", + "ko_KR", + "lt_LT", + "lv_LV", + "ml_IN", + "mr_IN", + "nl_NL", + "no_NO", + "pa_IN", + "pl_PL", + "pt_BR", + "pt_PT", + "ro_RO", + "ru_RU", + "sk_SK", + "sl_SI", + "sr_RS", + "sv_SE", + "sw_KE", + "sw_TZ", + "ta_IN", + "te_IN", + "th_TH", + "tr_TR", + "uk_UA", + "ur_PK", + "vi_VN", + "zh_CN", + "zh_TW", + "zu_ZA", +] + + +def _lang_name(lang_code: str) -> str: + try: + from langcodes import Language + + return Language(lang_code.split("_")[0]).display_name() + except ImportError: + _FALLBACK = { + "de_DE": "German", + "es_MX": "Spanish", + "fr_FR": "French", + "it_IT": "Italian", + "ja_JP": "Japanese", + "zh_CN": "Chinese", + } + return _FALLBACK.get(lang_code, lang_code) + + +def _sanitize_doc_id(title: str) -> str: + title = title.replace(" ", "-") + invalid = set('/\\:*?"<>|\x00') + return "".join(c for c in title if c not in invalid) + + +def _truncate_end(text: str, max_tokens: int) -> str: + """Truncate text to max_tokens using tiktoken cl100k_base, dropping from the end. + + The model always sees the beginning of the book. If the text fits within + max_tokens it is returned unchanged. + """ + try: + import tiktoken + except ImportError: + print("WARNING: tiktoken not installed — skipping truncation. Install with: pip install tiktoken") + return text + + enc = tiktoken.get_encoding("cl100k_base") + tokens = enc.encode(text) + if len(tokens) <= max_tokens: + return text + return enc.decode(tokens[:max_tokens]) + + +def _prefetch_judge_models() -> None: + """Pre-fetch LASER2, ersatz, and wmt22-cometkiwi-da into their cache dirs.""" + laser_home = os.environ.get("LASER_HOME") + try: + from laser_encoders import LaserEncoderPipeline + + print(f"Pre-fetching LASER2 (LASER_HOME={laser_home})...") + LaserEncoderPipeline(laser="laser2", model_dir=laser_home) + print("LASER2 cached") + except ImportError: + print("laser-encoders not installed; skipping LASER2 prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"LASER2 prefetch failed (will retry at server start): {exc}") + + try: + import ersatz + + print("Pre-fetching ersatz default-multilingual model...") + ersatz.split(model="default-multilingual", text=".") + print("ersatz cached") + except ImportError: + print("ersatz not installed; skipping prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"ersatz prefetch failed: {exc}") + + try: + from comet import download_model, load_from_checkpoint + + print("Pre-fetching Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da...") + ckpt = download_model("Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da") + load_from_checkpoint(ckpt) + print("wmt22-cometkiwi-da cached") + except ImportError: + print("unbabel-comet not installed; skipping COMETKiwi prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"COMETKiwi prefetch failed: {exc}") + + +def prepare( + target_languages: list[str] | None = None, + lengths: list[int] | None = None, + prefetch: bool = True, +) -> Path: + """Download emozilla/pg19 test split and write pg19_benchmark.jsonl. + + One row per (book, target_language, truncation_length). The `target_len` + field (int, tiktoken tokens) lets callers filter rollouts by context length. + + Returns the path to the written file. + """ + if target_languages is None: + target_languages = DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGUAGES + if lengths is None: + lengths = DEFAULT_LENGTHS + + lengths_tokens = sorted(lengths) + + DATA_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + output_fpath = DATA_DIR / "pg19_benchmark.jsonl" + + print(f"Loading {HF_REPO_ID} test split...") + dataset = load_dataset(HF_REPO_ID, split="test", streaming=True) + books = list(dataset) + print(f"Loaded {len(books)} books") + print(f"Lengths (tokens): {lengths_tokens}") + + count = 0 + with output_fpath.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as fout: + for target_len in lengths_tokens: + for tgt_lang in target_languages: + for book in books: + text = _truncate_end(book["text"], target_len) + row = { + "text": text, + "source_language": "en", + "target_language": tgt_lang, + "source_lang_name": "English", + "target_lang_name": _lang_name(tgt_lang), + "doc_id": _sanitize_doc_id(book["short_book_title"]), + "target_len": target_len, + "seg_id": 1, + "publication_date": int(book["publication_date"]), + "url": book["url"], + } + fout.write(json.dumps(row, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n") + count += 1 + + n_lengths = len(lengths_tokens) + print( + f"Wrote {count} rows " + f"({len(books)} books × {len(target_languages)} languages × {n_lengths} lengths) " + f"to {output_fpath}" + ) + + if prefetch: + _prefetch_judge_models() + + return output_fpath + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + parser.add_argument( + "--target_languages", nargs="+", default=None, help="Target language codes (default: 6 core languages)" + ) + parser.add_argument( + "--all_languages", action="store_true", help="Use all 55 language codes instead of the 6 defaults" + ) + parser.add_argument( + "--lengths", + nargs="+", + type=int, + default=None, + metavar="N", + help=f"Truncation lengths in tiktoken tokens (default: {DEFAULT_LENGTHS})", + ) + parser.add_argument( + "--no_prefetch", action="store_true", help="Skip judge model prefetch (useful on machines without GPU)" + ) + args = parser.parse_args() + + langs = ALL_LANGUAGES if args.all_languages else args.target_languages + prepare(target_languages=langs, lengths=args.lengths, prefetch=not args.no_prefetch) diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/__init__.py b/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/config.yaml b/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2056acec30 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +config_paths: + - resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_wmt24pp.yaml + +longmt_wmt24pp_resources_server: + _inherit_from: longmt_eval + +longmt_wmt24pp_agent: + _inherit_from: longmt_wmt24pp_simple_agent + responses_api_agents: + simple_agent: + resources_server: + name: longmt_wmt24pp_resources_server + datasets: + - name: wmt24pp_benchmark + type: benchmark + jsonl_fpath: benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/data/wmt24pp_benchmark.jsonl + prompt_config: benchmarks/prompts/generic/longmt.yaml + prepare_script: benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/prepare.py + num_repeats: 5 + license: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International diff --git a/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/prepare.py b/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/prepare.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..721154c860 --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/prepare.py @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +"""Prepare wmt24pp benchmark for document-level translation. + +Downloads google/wmt24pp and writes wmt24pp_benchmark.jsonl with one record per +(document, target language). Each record contains the full source document as a +single joined string (source_sentences joined by space) plus the individual +source_sentences and reference_sentences lists for downstream analysis. + +wmt24pp documents are short (typically < 300 sentences, < 2K tokens) so no +truncation is needed. + +Also pre-fetches the SEGALE judge models (LASER2, ersatz, wmt22-cometkiwi-da) +into their cache directories so the resource server can run with +HF_HUB_OFFLINE=1 from the first verify() call. + +Usage: + python prepare.py + python prepare.py --target_languages de_DE fr_FR ja_JP + python prepare.py --no_prefetch +""" + +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +from collections import OrderedDict +from pathlib import Path + +from datasets import load_dataset + + +BENCHMARK_DIR = Path(__file__).parent +DATA_DIR = BENCHMARK_DIR / "data" +OUTPUT_FPATH = DATA_DIR / "wmt24pp_benchmark.jsonl" + +HF_REPO_ID = "google/wmt24pp" + +# All 55 language pairs in google/wmt24pp — same list as NeMo-Skills wmt24pp prepare.py. +ALL_LANGUAGES = [ + "ar_EG", + "ar_SA", + "bg_BG", + "bn_IN", + "ca_ES", + "cs_CZ", + "da_DK", + "de_DE", + "el_GR", + "es_MX", + "et_EE", + "fa_IR", + "fi_FI", + "fil_PH", + "fr_CA", + "fr_FR", + "gu_IN", + "he_IL", + "hi_IN", + "hr_HR", + "hu_HU", + "id_ID", + "is_IS", + "it_IT", + "ja_JP", + "kn_IN", + "ko_KR", + "lt_LT", + "lv_LV", + "ml_IN", + "mr_IN", + "nl_NL", + "no_NO", + "pa_IN", + "pl_PL", + "pt_BR", + "pt_PT", + "ro_RO", + "ru_RU", + "sk_SK", + "sl_SI", + "sr_RS", + "sv_SE", + "sw_KE", + "sw_TZ", + "ta_IN", + "te_IN", + "th_TH", + "tr_TR", + "uk_UA", + "ur_PK", + "vi_VN", + "zh_CN", + "zh_TW", + "zu_ZA", +] + +DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGUAGES = ALL_LANGUAGES + + +def _lang_name(lang_code: str) -> str: + try: + from langcodes import Language + + return Language(lang_code.split("_")[0]).display_name() + except ImportError: + _FALLBACK = { + "de_DE": "German", + "es_MX": "Spanish", + "fr_FR": "French", + "it_IT": "Italian", + "ja_JP": "Japanese", + "zh_CN": "Chinese", + } + return _FALLBACK.get(lang_code, lang_code) + + +def _prefetch_judge_models() -> None: + """Pre-fetch LASER2, ersatz, and wmt22-cometkiwi-da into their cache dirs.""" + laser_home = os.environ.get("LASER_HOME") + try: + from laser_encoders import LaserEncoderPipeline + + print(f"Pre-fetching LASER2 (LASER_HOME={laser_home})...") + LaserEncoderPipeline(laser="laser2", model_dir=laser_home) + print("LASER2 cached") + except ImportError: + print("laser-encoders not installed; skipping LASER2 prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"LASER2 prefetch failed (will retry at server start): {exc}") + + try: + import ersatz + + print("Pre-fetching ersatz default-multilingual model...") + ersatz.split(model="default-multilingual", text=".") + print("ersatz cached") + except ImportError: + print("ersatz not installed; skipping prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"ersatz prefetch failed: {exc}") + + try: + from comet import download_model, load_from_checkpoint + + print("Pre-fetching Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da...") + ckpt = download_model("Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da") + load_from_checkpoint(ckpt) + print("wmt22-cometkiwi-da cached") + except ImportError: + print("unbabel-comet not installed; skipping COMETKiwi prefetch") + except Exception as exc: + print(f"COMETKiwi prefetch failed: {exc}") + + +def prepare( + target_languages: list[str] | None = None, + prefetch: bool = True, +) -> Path: + """Download google/wmt24pp and write wmt24pp_benchmark.jsonl. + + Returns the path to the written file. + """ + if target_languages is None: + target_languages = DEFAULT_TARGET_LANGUAGES + + DATA_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + count = 0 + with OUTPUT_FPATH.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as fout: + for tgt_lang in target_languages: + print(f"Loading {HF_REPO_ID} en-{tgt_lang}...") + dataset = load_dataset(HF_REPO_ID, f"en-{tgt_lang}")["train"] + + # Group rows by document, preserving order. + docs: dict[str, list] = OrderedDict() + for row in dataset: + if row["is_bad_source"]: + continue + doc_id = row["document_id"] + if doc_id not in docs: + docs[doc_id] = [] + docs[doc_id].append(row) + + for rows in docs.values(): + rows.sort(key=lambda r: r["segment_id"]) + + for doc_id, rows in docs.items(): + src_sents = [r["source"] for r in rows] + ref_sents = [r["target"] for r in rows] + record = { + "text": " ".join(src_sents), + "source_sentences": src_sents, + "reference_sentences": ref_sents, + "source_language": "en", + "target_language": tgt_lang, + "source_lang_name": "English", + "target_lang_name": _lang_name(tgt_lang), + "doc_id": doc_id, + "seg_id": 1, + } + fout.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n") + count += 1 + + print(f"Wrote {count} rows to {OUTPUT_FPATH}") + + if prefetch: + _prefetch_judge_models() + + return OUTPUT_FPATH + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + parser.add_argument("--target_languages", nargs="+", default=None, help="Target language codes (default: all 55)") + parser.add_argument( + "--no_prefetch", action="store_true", help="Skip judge model prefetch (useful on machines without GPU)" + ) + args = parser.parse_args() + prepare(target_languages=args.target_languages, prefetch=not args.no_prefetch) diff --git a/benchmarks/prompts/generic/longmt.yaml b/benchmarks/prompts/generic/longmt.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a9187a5a1a --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmarks/prompts/generic/longmt.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# shared prompt for longmt (long machine translation) benchmarks. +user: | + You are a professional translator. + Your task is to translate a long document from {source_lang_name} to {target_lang_name}. + Preserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level. + You may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source. + + Output only the translation, using only {target_lang_name}. + Do not ask questions. + Do not add a preamble. + Do not add commentary. + Do not stop until the whole document is translated. + + Source document: + {text} diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/README.md b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de5584b38e --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +# longmt_eval + +Document-level machine translation verifier using the SEGALE pipeline. Scores +a model's translation of an entire document (book chapter, news article, or +structured text) with reference-free COMETKiwi, without requiring a human +reference translation. + +Scoring runs in three phases inside a persistent Ray GPU actor pool: + +1. **Segment** — split source and MT text into sentences with ersatz +2. **Align** — embed sentence overlaps with LASER2, align with vecalign +3. **Score** — run COMETKiwi over aligned (source, MT) span pairs + +The mean COMETKiwi score across all valid aligned spans is returned as the RL +reward. Each actor holds LASER2 + COMETKiwi resident in GPU memory across +calls — no per-request cold load. + +Set `compute_segale: false` for local smoke tests. `verify()` returns +`reward=0.0` without touching the actor pool, so the server starts without a +GPU. + +## Benchmarks + +Two benchmark configs ship with this server: + +| Config | Dataset | Doc type | Actor layout | +|--------|---------|----------|--------------| +| `longmt_wmt24pp.yaml` | WMT24++ (55 lang pairs) | Short news docs | `comet_num_shards=4`, `actors_per_gpu=4` → 16 actors on 4 H100s | +| `longmt_pg19.yaml` | PG-19 books | Long book chapters | same layout, `use_extra_gpu: false` | + +## Scoring + +### Per-sample reward + +`verify()` returns `comet_qe` as the `reward` field — the mean COMETKiwi score +over all valid (non-sentinel) aligned spans, roughly in `[0, 1]`. Deleted +source spans (no matching MT) and hallucinated MT spans (no matching source) +receive `comet_qe=0.0` and are flagged in the `spans` list. + +An empty generation (after reasoning-preamble stripping) returns `reward=0.0` +immediately without touching the actor pool. + +Each rollout in `rollouts.jsonl` carries: + +| Field | Type | Description | +|-------|------|-------------| +| `reward` | float | Mean COMETKiwi (same as `comet_qe`) | +| `comet_qe` | float \| null | Mean COMETKiwi over valid spans | +| `lang_fidelity` | float \| null | Fraction of 500-char chunks detected in the target language | +| `total_seg` | int | Total aligned spans scored | +| `misaligned_seg` | int | Spans flagged as deleted or hallucinated | +| `generation` | str | Model output after reasoning stripping | +| `segale_error` | str \| null | Error message if the SEGALE pipeline failed | +| `spans` | list \| null | Per-segment scores — each entry has `src`, `tgt`, `comet_qe`, `hallucinated`, `deleted` | + +The `spans` list gives per-segment visibility into alignment quality. For example: + +```json +{ + "src": "A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL", + "tgt": "老派医生", + "comet_qe": 0.7085, + "hallucinated": false, + "deleted": false +} +``` + +Spans where `deleted: true` have a source sentence with no matching MT output; +`hallucinated: true` spans have MT output with no matching source sentence. Both +types receive `comet_qe: 0.0` and are counted in `misaligned_seg`. + +### Aggregate metrics (`compute_metrics`) + +Groups rollouts by `target_language` and reports per-language and overall +aggregates: + +```json +{ + "de_DE": { + "comet_qe": 0.842, + "lang_fidelity": 0.97, + "total_seg": 1240, + "misaligned_seg": 38, + "misaligned_rate": 0.031, + "n_docs": 12 + }, + "overall_comet_qe": 0.831 +} +``` + +`get_key_metrics()` returns a flat `{target_language: comet_qe}` dict suitable +for W&B logging. + +## SEGALE actor pool + +`_ensure_actors()` is called lazily on the first `verify()` request. It spawns +`comet_num_shards × actors_per_gpu` Ray actors, pings them all within 300s, +and drops any that fail init. Requests are round-robined across the live pool +under a threading lock. + +### Deployment modes + +| `use_extra_gpu` | Ray resource claim | When to use | +|-----------------|-------------------|-------------| +| `false` (default) | `num_gpus=1/actors_per_gpu` | Gym runs its own Ray cluster on dedicated GPU nodes, HTTP-separated from vLLM | +| `true` | `resources={"extra_gpu": 1/actors_per_gpu}`, `num_gpus=0` | Gym joins the vLLM Ray cluster; a separate node is registered with `ray start --resources='{"extra_gpu": N}'` | + +In `use_extra_gpu=false` mode, actors are interleaved after init so that +round-robin dispatch spreads across physical GPUs before doubling up on the +same one (creation order is `[GPU0×A, GPU1×A, ...]`; dispatch order becomes +`[GPU0, GPU1, ..., GPU0, GPU1, ...]`). + +### Python mirroring for cross-node workers + +uv ships python-build-standalone binaries whose absolute paths differ across +containers. `segale_actor.py` copies the venv's Python root to a +shared-FS path at `LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE` (default `/opt/Gym/.cache/longmt-python`) +so remote Ray workers can resolve a stable `py_executable` at runtime. Set +`LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE` to a Lustre path when running across nodes. + +## Input JSONL format + +Each task row must provide the fields used by `LongmtEvalRunRequest` (passed +through `verifier_metadata`): + +```json +{ + "text": "", + "source_language": "en", + "target_language": "de_DE", + "source_lang_name": "English", + "target_lang_name": "German", + "doc_id": "my-article-2024", + "seg_id": 1 +} +``` + +`text` is the tiktoken-truncated source document written by the benchmark's +`prepare.py`. `source_language` and `target_language` are used by the actor +for language-fidelity detection. `doc_id` identifies the document in logs +and output rows. + +## Example usage + +### Reward profiling from pre-baked rollouts (no GPU, no model server) + +```bash +ng_reward_profile \ + +materialized_inputs_jsonl_fpath=resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl \ + +rollouts_jsonl_fpath=resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts.jsonl +``` + +Outputs `example_rollouts_reward_profiling.jsonl` (per-task stats) and +`example_rollouts_agent_metrics.json` (agent-level aggregates) alongside the +rollouts file. + +### Full rollout collection (requires model server) + +```bash +# Start servers (smoke-test mode — no GPU needed for the verifier) +ng_run "+config_paths=[resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_eval.yaml,responses_api_models/vllm_model/configs/vllm_model.yaml]" \ + "++longmt_eval.resources_servers.longmt_eval.compute_segale=false" & + +# Collect rollouts — also writes results/longmt_eval_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl +ng_collect_rollouts \ + +agent_name=longmt_eval_simple_agent \ + +input_jsonl_fpath=resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl \ + +output_jsonl_fpath=results/longmt_eval_rollouts.jsonl \ + +num_repeats=1 + +# Profile rewards from the collected rollouts +ng_reward_profile \ + +materialized_inputs_jsonl_fpath=results/longmt_eval_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl \ + +rollouts_jsonl_fpath=results/longmt_eval_rollouts.jsonl +``` + +For a full SLURM run with SEGALE enabled on WMT24++ see +[`benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/`](../../benchmarks/longmt_wmt24pp/). + +## Config + +| Key | Default | Meaning | +|-----|---------|---------| +| `compute_segale` | `true` | Run the full SEGALE pipeline; `false` returns `reward=0.0` without a GPU | +| `comet_model` | `Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da` | HF repo for the COMETKiwi checkpoint | +| `comet_batch_size` | `8` | Aligned span pairs per COMETKiwi forward pass; 8 is safe for 80 GB GPUs | +| `comet_num_shards` | `8` (`4` for wmt24pp/pg19) | Physical GPUs to use; total actors = `comet_num_shards × actors_per_gpu` | +| `actors_per_gpu` | `1` (`4` for wmt24pp/pg19) | Actors co-placed on each GPU; each claims `1/actors_per_gpu` of the GPU | +| `embed_batch_size` | `512` | Overlap strings per LASER2 `encode_sentences()` call | +| `assert_no_reasoning` | `true` | Assert the generation contains no `...` tags. Reasoning must be parsed by the inference server upstream — a leaked preamble surfaces as an `AssertionError` instead of being silently rescued | +| `use_extra_gpu` | `false` | Actor resource mode; see Deployment modes above | + +## Environment variables + +| Variable | Purpose | +|----------|---------| +| `LASER_HOME` | Path to the LASER2 model weights (required for SEGALE actors) | +| `HF_HOME` / `HF_HUB_CACHE` | HuggingFace cache; COMETKiwi checkpoint resolved here | +| `HF_HUB_OFFLINE` | Set to `1` to prevent any HF Hub network calls | +| `ERSATZ` | Path to the ersatz segmenter model weights | +| `LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE` | Shared-FS path for the mirrored uv Python root used by Ray workers | + +## Licensing + +- Code: Apache 2.0 +- `Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da`: Apache 2.0 (check model card) +- `SEGALE` pipeline: see [jeffwillette/SEGALE](https://github.com/jeffwillette/SEGALE) +- `laser-encoders` (forked): BSD +- `ersatz` (forked): MIT +- `unbabel-comet`: Apache 2.0 +- `langdetect`: Apache 2.0 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/__init__.py b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/app.py b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/app.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..44743f28ad --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +"""longmt_eval resource server — document-level MT evaluation with SEGALE. + +Scoring layers: + * verify() strips the reasoning preamble, then dispatches the (source, MT) + pair to a persistent SegaleActor on the extra_gpu node. The actor runs the + three-phase SEGALE pipeline (LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi + score) and returns comet_qe as the RL reward. + * compute_metrics() groups rollouts by target_language and reports mean + comet_qe, lang_fidelity, and segment-level statistics per language. + +Set compute_segale: false for local smoke tests — verify() returns reward=0.0 +without touching the actor pool, so the server starts without a GPU. +""" + +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging +import threading +from collections import defaultdict +from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional + +import ray +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import PrivateAttr + +from nemo_gym.base_resources_server import ( + BaseResourcesServerConfig, + BaseRunRequest, + BaseVerifyRequest, + BaseVerifyResponse, + SimpleResourcesServer, +) + + +LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Reasoning-tag assertion +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Reasoning must be parsed/stripped by the inference server (e.g. via +# vLLM's --reasoning-parser flag or an equivalent agent-side step) before the +# response reaches the verifier. We assert that contract here instead of +# silently rescuing malformed generations — a leaked ... +# preamble is a configuration bug, not something to paper over. + + +def _assert_no_reasoning(text: str) -> None: + assert "" not in text and "" not in text, ( + "longmt_eval received a generation containing / " + "reasoning tags. Reasoning must be parsed by the inference server " + "before reaching the verifier." + ) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Request / response shapes +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +class LongmtEvalConfig(BaseResourcesServerConfig): + """Config for the longmt_eval resource server. + + Attributes: + compute_segale: Run the full SEGALE pipeline inside verify(). Set + False for local smoke tests — verify() returns reward=0.0 without + touching the actor pool, so the server starts without a GPU. + comet_model: HuggingFace repo for the COMETKiwi checkpoint. Resolved + from HF_HOME (pre-populated by the prepare step). + comet_batch_size: Number of aligned span pairs per COMETKiwi forward + pass inside each actor. Larger values are faster but use more VRAM; + 8 is safe for wmt22-cometkiwi-da on a 80 GB GPU even for very long + documents with hundreds of spans. + comet_num_shards: Number of physical GPUs to use on the extra_gpu + node(s). Total actors spawned = comet_num_shards * actors_per_gpu. + Each actor loads LASER2 + COMETKiwi once and handles one document + at a time, giving document-level parallelism without per-call model + reloading. + actors_per_gpu: Number of SegaleActors to co-place on each physical + GPU. Each actor claims 1/actors_per_gpu of the extra_gpu custom + resource so Ray packs them onto the same node without over- + subscribing. actors_per_gpu=4 on a single H100 (comet_num_shards=1) + mirrors the oracle-test configuration that scored 80 docs in ~6min. + embed_batch_size: Number of overlap strings per LASER2 encode_sentences() + call inside each actor. Larger values improve GPU utilisation for + long documents with many overlaps; 512 is a safe default. + assert_no_reasoning: When True, assert the incoming generation contains + no ... tags. Reasoning is expected to be parsed by + the inference server upstream; an assertion failure here surfaces + misconfiguration instead of silently scoring a leaked preamble. + use_extra_gpu: When False (default), SEGALE actors claim fractional + num_gpus so Ray manages CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. Use this when the gym + runs its own Ray cluster with dedicated GPU nodes (HTTP-separated + from vLLM). When True, actors claim the custom extra_gpu resource + (num_gpus=0) for deployments where the gym joins the vLLM Ray + cluster and a separate node registers extra_gpu resources via + `ray start --resources='{"extra_gpu": N}'`. + """ + + compute_segale: bool = True + comet_model: str = "Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da" + comet_batch_size: int = 8 + comet_num_shards: int = 4 + actors_per_gpu: int = 4 + embed_batch_size: int = 512 + assert_no_reasoning: bool = True + use_extra_gpu: bool = False + + +class LongmtEvalRunRequest(BaseRunRequest): + # tiktoken-truncated source text written by prepare.py — IS the prompt source. + text: str + source_language: str + target_language: str + doc_id: str + target_len: Optional[int] = None # tiktoken token count the source was truncated to + + +class LongmtEvalVerifyRequest(LongmtEvalRunRequest, BaseVerifyRequest): + pass + + +class LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(LongmtEvalVerifyRequest, BaseVerifyResponse): + generation: str + comet_qe: Optional[float] = None + lang_fidelity: Optional[float] = None + total_seg: int = 0 + misaligned_seg: int = 0 + spans: Optional[List[Dict]] = None + segale_error: Optional[str] = None + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Resource server +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +class LongmtEvalServer(SimpleResourcesServer): + config: LongmtEvalConfig + + _segale_actors: List[Any] = PrivateAttr(default_factory=list) + _actor_lock: Any = PrivateAttr(default=None) + _actor_idx: int = PrivateAttr(default=0) + _actors_init_attempted: bool = PrivateAttr(default=False) + + def setup_webserver(self) -> FastAPI: + return super().setup_webserver() + + def _ensure_actors(self) -> None: + if self._actors_init_attempted: + return + self._actors_init_attempted = True + self._actor_lock = threading.Lock() + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + actor_cls = _build_segale_actor_class( + actors_per_gpu=self.config.actors_per_gpu, + use_extra_gpu=self.config.use_extra_gpu, + ) + n = max(1, self.config.comet_num_shards * self.config.actors_per_gpu) + actors = [ + actor_cls.remote( + gpu_idx=i, + comet_model=self.config.comet_model, + comet_batch_size=self.config.comet_batch_size, + embed_batch_size=self.config.embed_batch_size, + ) + for i in range(n) + ] + + pings = [a.ping.remote() for a in actors] + ready, _ = ray.wait(pings, num_returns=n, timeout=300.0) + + live: List[Any] = [] + for actor, fut in zip(actors, pings): + if fut not in ready: + continue + try: + ray.get(fut) + live.append(actor) + except Exception: + LOG.exception("SegaleActor failed init; dropping from pool") + + if not live: + raise RuntimeError( + f"0/{n} SegaleActors ready after 300s — check that extra_gpu nodes " + "are available and LASER_HOME / HF_HOME are set." + ) + if len(live) < n: + LOG.warning( + "SegaleActor pool: %d/%d actors ready; running with reduced pool", + len(live), + n, + ) + # Interleave the actor list so round-robin dispatch spreads across + # physical GPUs before doubling up. In use_extra_gpu=False mode Ray + # bin-packs the fractional-GPU actors as [GPU0×A, GPU1×A, ...]; without + # this reorder the first A verify() calls all land on GPU 0 while + # GPU 1 sits idle. Skip when actors were dropped during ping (shape no + # longer matches G*A) or in use_extra_gpu=True mode (creation order is + # already [GPU0, GPU1, GPU0, GPU1, ...] via gpu_idx % device_count). + G = self.config.comet_num_shards + A = self.config.actors_per_gpu + if not self.config.use_extra_gpu and len(live) == G * A: + live = [live[g * A + s] for s in range(A) for g in range(G)] + self._segale_actors = live + LOG.info( + "SegaleActor pool: %d actors ready (dispatch_order=%s)", + len(live), + "interleaved" if not self.config.use_extra_gpu and len(live) == G * A else "creation", + ) + + def _dispatch(self, source_text: str, mt_text: str, target_language: str) -> Optional[Any]: + if not self._segale_actors: + return None + with self._actor_lock: + actor = self._segale_actors[self._actor_idx % len(self._segale_actors)] + self._actor_idx += 1 + try: + return actor.score.remote(source_text, mt_text, target_language) + except Exception: + LOG.exception("SegaleActor dispatch failed") + return None + + async def verify(self, body: LongmtEvalVerifyRequest) -> LongmtEvalVerifyResponse: + if self.config.compute_segale: + self._ensure_actors() + + raw = body.response.output_text or "" + if self.config.assert_no_reasoning: + _assert_no_reasoning(raw) + generation = raw.strip() + + base = dict(body.model_dump(), generation=generation) + + if not generation: + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(**base, reward=0.0) + + if not self.config.compute_segale: + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(**base, reward=0.0) + + fut = self._dispatch(body.text, generation, body.target_language) + if fut is None: + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(**base, reward=0.0, segale_error="actor_unavailable") + + try: + result: Dict = await fut + except Exception as exc: + LOG.exception("SegaleActor.score failed for doc_id=%s", body.doc_id) + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(**base, reward=0.0, segale_error=str(exc)) + + if result.get("error"): + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse(**base, reward=0.0, segale_error=result["error"]) + + comet_qe = result["comet_qe"] + # comet_qe is the mean COMETKiwi score over all valid (non-sentinel) + # aligned spans. It is in roughly [0, 1] and serves directly as the RL + # reward: higher = better translation quality. + return LongmtEvalVerifyResponse( + **base, + reward=float(comet_qe), + comet_qe=comet_qe, + lang_fidelity=result.get("lang_fidelity"), + total_seg=result.get("total_seg", 0), + misaligned_seg=result.get("misaligned_seg", 0), + spans=result.get("spans"), + ) + + def compute_metrics(self, tasks: List[List[Dict[str, Any]]]) -> Dict[str, Any]: + by_lang: Dict[str, List] = defaultdict(list) + for task_rollouts in tasks: + for rollout in task_rollouts: + if rollout.get("generation"): + by_lang[rollout.get("target_language", "")].append(rollout) + + metrics: Dict = {} + all_comet: List[float] = [] + + for lang, rows in sorted(by_lang.items()): + comet_vals = [r["comet_qe"] for r in rows if r.get("comet_qe") is not None] + fidelity_vals = [r["lang_fidelity"] for r in rows if r.get("lang_fidelity") is not None] + total_seg = sum(r.get("total_seg", 0) for r in rows) + misaligned = sum(r.get("misaligned_seg", 0) for r in rows) + + lang_metrics = { + "comet_qe": sum(comet_vals) / len(comet_vals) if comet_vals else None, + "lang_fidelity": sum(fidelity_vals) / len(fidelity_vals) if fidelity_vals else None, + "total_seg": total_seg, + "misaligned_seg": misaligned, + "misaligned_rate": misaligned / total_seg if total_seg else None, + "n_docs": len(rows), + } + metrics[lang] = lang_metrics + if comet_vals: + all_comet.extend(comet_vals) + + if all_comet: + metrics["overall_comet_qe"] = sum(all_comet) / len(all_comet) + + return metrics + + def get_key_metrics(self, metrics: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: + return { + lang: v["comet_qe"] for lang, v in metrics.items() if isinstance(v, dict) and v.get("comet_qe") is not None + } + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + LongmtEvalServer.run_webserver() diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_eval.yaml b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_eval.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e8e93676c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_eval.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +longmt_eval: + resources_servers: + longmt_eval: + entrypoint: app.py + domain: other + verified: false + description: Document-level MT verifier using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score) + value: Rewards long-form translation quality at the document level using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. + compute_segale: true + comet_model: Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da + comet_batch_size: 8 + comet_num_shards: 8 + embed_batch_size: 512 + assert_no_reasoning: true + +longmt_eval_simple_agent: + responses_api_agents: + simple_agent: + entrypoint: app.py + resources_server: + type: resources_servers + name: longmt_eval + model_server: + type: responses_api_models + name: policy_model + datasets: + - name: example + type: example + jsonl_fpath: resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl + num_repeats: 1 + license: Apache-2.0 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_pg19.yaml b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_pg19.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..02d556bdf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_pg19.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +longmt_eval: + resources_servers: + longmt_eval: + entrypoint: app.py + domain: other + verified: false + description: Document-level MT verifier for pg19 books using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score) + value: Rewards long-form book translation at the document level using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. + compute_segale: true + comet_model: Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da + comet_batch_size: 8 + comet_num_shards: 4 + actors_per_gpu: 4 + use_extra_gpu: false + embed_batch_size: 512 + assert_no_reasoning: true + +longmt_pg19_simple_agent: + responses_api_agents: + simple_agent: + entrypoint: app.py + resources_server: + type: resources_servers + name: longmt_eval + model_server: + type: responses_api_models + name: policy_model + datasets: + - name: example + type: example + jsonl_fpath: resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl + num_repeats: 1 + license: Apache-2.0 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_wmt24pp.yaml b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_wmt24pp.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..76cacf9e01 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/configs/longmt_wmt24pp.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +longmt_eval: + resources_servers: + longmt_eval: + entrypoint: app.py + domain: other + verified: false + description: Document-level MT verifier for wmt24pp short docs using the SEGALE pipeline (ersatz segment → LASER2 embed → vecalign align → COMETKiwi score). + value: Rewards document-level translation quality across 55 language pairs using reference-free COMETKiwi scores as the RL reward signal. + compute_segale: true + comet_model: Unbabel/wmt22-cometkiwi-da + comet_batch_size: 8 + comet_num_shards: 4 + actors_per_gpu: 4 + embed_batch_size: 512 + assert_no_reasoning: true + +longmt_wmt24pp_simple_agent: + responses_api_agents: + simple_agent: + entrypoint: app.py + resources_server: + type: resources_servers + name: longmt_eval + model_server: + type: responses_api_models + name: policy_model + datasets: + - name: example + type: example + jsonl_fpath: resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl + num_repeats: 1 + license: Apache 2.0 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d278ead03d --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example.jsonl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +{"text": "ST. PAUL***\n\n\nE-text prepared by Josephine Paolucci and the Project Gutenberg Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team\n\n\n\nREMINISCENCES OF PIONEER DAYS IN ST. PAUL\n\nA Collection of Articles Written for and Published in the Daily\nPioneer Press.\n\nBy FRANK MOORE\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNEWSPAPER STRUGGLES OF PIONEER DAYS.\n\nA BRIEF NARRATION OF INCIDENTS AND EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE EARLY\nDAYS OF ST. PAUL, DAILY NEWSPAPERS.\n\n\nIf James M. Goodhue could revisit the earth and make a tour among the\ndaily newspaper offices of St. Paul he would discover that wonderful\nstrides had been made in the method of producing a newspaper during\nthe latter half of the past century. Among the first things to attract\nthe attention of this old-timer would be the web-perfecting press,\ncapable of producing 25,000 impressions an hour, instead of the old\nhand press of 240 impressions an hour; the linotype machine, capable\nof setting 6,000 to 10,000 ems per hour, instead of the old hand\ncompositor producing only 800 to 1,000 ems per hour, and the mailing\nmachine, enabling one man to do the work of five or six under the\nold method. Think of getting out the Sunday Pioneer Press with the\nmaterial in use fifty years ago. It would take 600 hand presses, 600\nhand pressmen and 600 boys three hours to print the edition, and as\nthere were no means of stereotyping in those days the forms would have\nto be set up 600 times, requiring the services of 5,000 compositors.\nPapers printed under these conditions would have to be sold for one\ndollar each, and there would not be much profit in it at that. The\nfirst daily papers printed in St. Paul were not conducted or a very\ngigantic scale, as the entire force of one office generally consisted\nof one pressman, five or six compositors, two editors and a business\nmanager. A few reminiscences of the trials and tribulations of the\nearly newspaper manager, editor and compositor may not be wholly\ndevoid of interest.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn 1857 there occurred in Minnesota an election of delegates to the\nconstitutional convention to provide for the admission of Minnesota\ninto the galaxy of states. The election was so close, politically,\nthat when the delegates met there was a division, and the Republicans\nand Democrats held separate conventions. At the conclusion of the work\nof the two conventions the contract for printing was awarded to the\ntwo leading papers of the state--the Pioneer and the Minnesotian--the\nPioneer to print the proceedings of the Democratic body and the\nMinnesotian that of the Republican. This contract called for the\nexpenditure of considerable money for material with which to perform\nthe work. Mr. Moore, the business manager of the Minnesotian, went to\nNew York and purchased a Hoe press, the first one ever brought to the\nstate, and a large quantity of type; also a Hoe proof press, which is\nstill in use in the Pioneer Press composing room. When the book was\nabout completed the business manager of the Minnesotian was informed\nthat an injunction had been issued prohibiting him from drawing\nany money from the state until the question of the right of the\nMinnesotian to do any state printing had been determined by the\ndistrict court. Mr. Goodrich was state printer and claimed he had a\nright to print the proceedings of both constitutional bodies. This\naction on the part of the Pioneer produced great consternation in the\nMinnesotian office, as most of the men had not received more than half\npay for some time, and now, when the balance of their pay was almost\nin sight, they were suddenly compelled to await the slow and doubtful\naction of the courts before receiving pay for their summer's work. The\ndistrict court, subsequently confirmed by the supreme court, decided\nin favor of the Minnesotian, and the day following the decision Mr.\nMoore, of the Minnesotian, brought down a bag of gold from the capitol\ncontaining $4,000, and divided it up among his employes.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn 1858, when the first Atlantic cable was laid, the news was\nanxiously looked for, and nearly every inhabitant of the city turned\nout to greet the arrival of the Gray Eagle and Itasca, two of the\nfastest boats on the river, which were expected to bring the news\nof the successful laying of the cable. The Gray Eagle started from\nDubuque at 9 o'clock in the morning and the Itasca started from\nPrairie du Chien, about 100 miles farther up the river, at noon of the\nsame day. When the boats reached the bend below the river they were\nabreast of each other, and as they reached the levee it was hardly\npossible to tell which was ahead. One of the passengers on the Gray\nEagle had a copy of the Dubuque Herald containing the Queen's message,\ntied up with a small stone on the inside of it, and as he threw it to\nthe shore a messenger from the Minnesotian caught it and ran up Bench\nstreet to the Minnesotian office, where the printers were waiting,\nand the Minnesotian had the satisfaction of getting out an extra some\nlittle time before their competitors.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn the summer season the newspapers had to rely, to a considerable\nextent, on the steamboats for late Dubuque and Chicago papers for\ntelegraph news. There were three or four daily lines of steamers to\nSt. Paul, and every one of them could be distinguished by its whistle.\nWhen it was time for the arrival of the boat bringing the newspapers\nfrom which the different papers expected to get their telegraphic\nnews, messengers from the different offices would be at the levee, and\nas the boat neared the shore they would leap for the gangplank, and\nthere was always a scramble to get to the clerk's office first.\nJames J. Hill and the late Gus Borup were almost always at the levee\nawaiting the arrival of the steamers, but as they were after copies\nof the boats' manifest they did not come in competition with the\nadventurous kids from the newspaper offices.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe Minnesotian was probably the first daily paper in the West to\nillustrate a local feature. During the summer of 1859 a man by the\nname of Jackson was lynched by a mob in Wright county, and Gov. Sibley\ncalled out the Pioneer Guards to proceed to the place where the\nlynching occurred and arrest all persons connected with the tragedy.\nThe Pioneer Guards was the crack military company of the state, and\nthe only service any of its members ever expected to do was in the\nballroom or to participate in a Fourth of July parade. When they were\ncalled out by the governor there was great consternation in the ranks.\nOne of the members, who is still a prominent politician in the city,\nwhen told that his first duty was to serve his country, tremblingly\nremarked that he thought his first duty was to provide for his wife\nand family.\n\nA number of them made their wills before departing, as they thought\nthe whole of Wright county was in open rebellion. After being absent\nfor about a week they proudly marched back to the city without ever\nfiring a gun or seeing an enemy. The late J. Fletcher Williams was\ncity editor of the Minnesotian, and he wrote an extended account of\nthe expedition, and It was profusely illustrated with patent medicine\ncuts and inverted wood type and border, the only available material at\nthat time that could be procured.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe year 1859 was a memorable one in the political history of\nMinnesota. Alexander Ramsey and George L. Becker, both now living in\nthis city, were the rival candidates for governor. The Republicans\nmade extraordinary efforts to elect their state and legislative\ntickets, as both governor and United States senator were at stake.\nAmong the speakers imported by the Republicans were the Hon. Galusha\nA. Grow of Pennsylvania and Hon. Schuyler Colfax of Indiana. Mr. Grow,\nthen as now, represented the congressional district in Pennsylvania in\nwhich I formally resided, and I was very anxious to hear him, as the\nfirst political speech I had ever heard was made by him in a small\nvillage in Pennsylvania. The speakers were announced to speak at the\nold People's theater, on the corner of Fourth and St. Peter streets,\nand I was among the first to enter. The theater was packed to\noverflowing. Mr. Grow had made a very interesting speech of about an\nhour's duration, and Mr. Colfax was to follow for an equal length of\ntime. After Mr. Colfax had spoken about ten minutes an alarm of fire\nwas sounded and in less than fifteen minutes the entire structure was\nburned to the ground. This happened about 9:30 o'clock in the\nevening, and, strange to relate, not one of the morning papers had an\nannouncement of the fact the next day. The morning papers at that time\nwere something like an evening paper of to-day. They were set up and\nmade up in the afternoon and generally printed in the early part of\nthe evening. The result of that election was very gratifying to the\nRepublicans. I can see old Dr. Foster now writing a double column\npolitical head for the Minnesotian, the first two lines of which were:\n\"Shout, Republicans, Shout! We've Cleaned the Breech Clouts Out!\"\n\nDr. Foster was the editor of the Minnesotian and was quite a power in\nthe Republican party. He wielded a vigorous pen and possessed a very\nirascible temper. I have often seen him perform some Horace Greeley\nantics in the composing room of the old Minnesotian. At the time of\nthe execution of John Brown for his attempted raid into Virginia, I\nremember bringing the Chicago Tribune to the doctor, containing the\nannouncement of the execution. I had arranged the paper so that the\ndoctor could take in the contents of the heading at the first glance.\nThe doctor looked at the headlines a second and then exclaimed, loud\nenough to be heard a block, \"Great God! In the nineteenth century, a\nman hung for an idea!\"\n\nAt another time the doctor became very much enraged over some news\nthat I had laid before him. In the early 50's Galusha A. Grow, of\nPennsylvania, introduced into the house of representatives the first\nhomestead law and the Republican party soon afterward incorporated\nthe idea into their platform as one of their pet measures. After\nsuperhuman effort the bill passed the house of representatives, that\nbody being nearly tie politically, and was sent to the senate. The\nDemocratic majority in the senate was not very favorably impressed\nwith the measure, but with the assistance of the late President\nJohnson, who was senator from Tennessee at that time, the bill passed\nthe senate by a small majority. There was great rejoicing over the\nevent and no one supposed for a moment that the president would veto\nthe measure. When I laid the Chicago Tribune before the excitable\ndoctor containing the announcement of Buchanan's veto the very air was\nblue with oaths. The doctor took the paper and rushed out into the\nstreet waving the paper frantically in the air, cursing the president\nat every step.\n\n * * * * *\n\nFrom 1854, the date of the starting of the three St. Paul daily\npapers, until 1860, the time of the completion of the Winslow\ntelegraph line, there was great strife between the Pioneer,\nMinnesotian and Times as to which would be the first to appear on the\nstreet with the full text of the president's message. The messages of\nPierce and Buchanan were very lengthy, and for several days preceding\ntheir arrival the various offices had all the type of every\ndescription distributed and all the printers who could possibly be\nprocured engaged to help out on the extra containing the forthcoming\nmessage. It was customary to pay every one employed, from the devil to\nthe foreman, $2.50 in gold, and every printer in the city was notified\nto be in readiness for the approaching typographical struggle. One\nyear one of the proprietors of the Minnesotian thought he would\nsurprise the other offices, and he procured the fastest livery team In\nthe city and went down the river as far as Red Wing to intercept the\nmail coach, and expected to return to St. Paul three or four hours in\nadvance of the regular mail, which would give him that much advantage\nover his competitors. Owing to some miscalculation as to the time the\nstage left Chicago the message was delivered in St. Paul twenty-four\nhours earlier than was expected, and the proprietor of the Minnesotian\nhad the pleasure of receiving a copy of his own paper, containing the\ncomplete message, long before he returned to St. Paul. The management\nalways provided an oyster supper for the employes of the paper first\nout with the message, and it generally required a week for the typos\nto fully recover from its effect.\n\n * * * * *\n\nAs an evidence of what was uppermost in the minds of most people at\nthis time, and is probably still true to-day, it may be related that\nin the spring of 1860, when the great prize fight between Heenan and\nSayers was to occur in England, and the meeting of the Democratic\nnational convention in Charleston, in which the Minnesota Democrats\nwere in hopes that their idol, Stephen A. Douglas, would be nominated\nfor president, the first question asked by the people I would meet on\nthe way from the boat landing to the office would be: \"Anything from\nthe prize fight? What is the news from the Charleston convention?\"\n\n * * * * *\n\n\"The good old times\" printers often talk about were evidently not the\nyears between the great panic of 1857 and the breaking out of the\nCivil war in 1861. Wages were low and there was absolutely no money to\nspeak of. When a man did occasionally get a dollar he was not sure it\nwould be worth its face value when the next boat would arrive with\na new Bank Note Reporter. Married men considered themselves very\nfortunate when they could get, on Saturday night, an order on a\ngrocery or dry goods store for four or five dollars, and the single\nmen seldom received more than $2 or $3 cash. That was not more than\nhalf enough to pay their board bill. This state of affairs continued\nuntil the Press was started in 1861, when Gov. Marshall inaugurated\nthe custom, which still prevails, of paying his employes every\nSaturday night.\n\n * * * * *\n\nAnother instance of the lack of enterprise on the part of the daily\npaper of that day:\n\nDuring the summer of 1860 a large party of Republican statesmen and\npoliticians visited St. Paul, consisting of State Senator W.H. Seward.\nSenator John P. Hale, Charles Francis Adams, Senator Nye, Gen. Stewart\nL. Woodford and several others of lesser celebrity. The party came to\nMinnesota in the interest of the Republican candidate for president.\nMr. Seward made a great speech from the front steps of the old\ncapitol, in which he predicted that at some distant day the capitol\nof this great republic would be located not far from the Falls of St.\nAnthony. There was a large gathering at the capitol to hear him, but\nthose who were not fortunate enough to get within sound of his voice\nhad to wait until the New York Herald, containing a full report of\nhis speech, reached St. Paul before they could read what the great\nstatesman had said.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn the fall of 1860 the first telegraph line was completed to St.\nPaul. Newspaper proprietors thought they were then in the world, so\nfar as news is concerned, but it was not to be so. The charges for\ntelegraph news were so excessive that the three papers in St. Paul\ncould not afford the luxury of the \"latest news by Associated Press.\"\nThe offices combined against the extortionate rates demanded by the\ntelegraph company and made an agreement not to take the dispatches\nuntil the rates were lowered; but it was like an agreement of the\nrailroad presidents of the present day, it was not adhered to. The\nPioneer made a secret contract with the telegraph company and left the\nMinnesotian and the Times out in the cold. Of course that was a very\nunpleasant state of affairs and for some time the Minnesotian and\nTimes would wait until the Pioneer was out in the morning and would\nthen set up the telegraph and circulate their papers. One of the\neditors connected with the Minnesotian had an old acquaintance in the\npressroom of the Pioneer, and through him secured one of the first\npapers printed. This had been going on for some time when Earle S.\nGoodrich, the editor of the Pioneer, heard of it, and he accordingly\nmade preparation to perpetrate a huge joke on the Minnesotian. Mr.\nGoodrich was a very versatile writer and he prepared four or five\ncolumns of bogus telegraph and had it set up and two or three copies\nof the Pioneer printed for the especial use of the Minnesotian. The\nscheme worked to a charm. Amongst the bogus news was a two-column\nspeech purporting to have been made by William H. Seward in the senate\njust previous to the breaking out of the war. Mr. Seward's well-known\nideas were so closely imitated that their genuineness were not\nquestioned. The rest of the news was made up of dispatches purporting\nto be from the then excited Southern States. The Minnesotian received\na Pioneer about 4 o'clock in the morning and by 8 the entire edition\nwas distributed throughout the city. I had distributed the Minnesotian\nthroughout the upper portion of the city, and just as I returned to\nBridge Square I met the carrier of the Pioneer, and laughed at him for\nbeing so late. He smiled, but did not speak. As soon as I learned what\nhad happened I did not do either. The best of the joke was, the Times\ncould not obtain an early copy of the Pioneer and set up the bogus\nnews from the Minnesotian, and had their edition printed and ready to\ncirculate when they heard of the sell. They at once set up the genuine\nnews and circulated both the bogus and regular, and made fun of the\nMinnesotian for being so easily taken in.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe Pioneer retained the monopoly of the news until the Press was\nstarted, on the 1st of January, 1861. The Press made arrangements with\nMr. Winslow for full telegraphic dispatches, but there was another\nhitch in the spring of 1861 and for some time the Press had to obtain\nits telegraph from proof sheets of the St. Anthony Falls News, a paper\npublished in what is now East Minneapolis. Gov. Marshall was very much\nexercised at being compelled to go to a neighboring town for telegraph\nnews, and one night when news of unusual importance was expected he\nhad a very stormy interview with Mr. Winslow. No one ever knew exactly\nwhat he told him, but that night the Press had full telegraphic\nreports, and has had ever since.\n\n * * * * *\n\nGov. Marshall was a noble man. When the first battle of Bull Run\noccurred the earlier reports announced a great Union victory. I\nremember of going to Dan Rice's circus that night and felt as chipper\nas a young kitten. After the circus was out I went back to the office\nto see if any late news had been received. I met Gov. Marshall at the\ndoor, and with tears rolling down his cheeks he informed me that the\nUnion force had met with a great reverse and he was afraid the\ncountry would never recover from it. But it did, and the governor\nwas afterward one of the bravest of the brave in battling for his\ncountry's honor.\n\n * * * * *\n\nPrinters were very patriotic, and when Father Abraham called for\n\"three hundred thousand more\" in July, 1862, so many enlisted that\nit was with much difficulty that the paper was enabled to present a\nrespectable appearance. The Press advertised for anything that could\nset type to come in and help it out. I remember one man applying\nwho said he never had set any type, but he had a good theoretical\nknowledge of the business.\n\nOne evening an old gentleman by the name of Metcalf, father of the\nlate T.M. Metcalf, came wandering into the office about 9 o'clock and\ntold the foreman he thought he could help him out. He was given a\npiece of copy and worked faithfully until the paper went to press.\nHe was over eighty years old and managed to set about 1,000 ems. Mr.\nMetcalf got alarmed at his father's absence from home and searched the\ncity over, and finally found him in the composing room of the Press.\nThe old man would not go home with his son, but insisted on remaining\nuntil the paper was up.\n\n * * * * *\n\nAlthough Minnesota sent to the war as many, if not more, men than any\nother state in the Union in proportion to its population, yet it was\nnecessary to resort to a draft in a few counties where the population\nwas largely foreign. The feeling against the draft was very bitter,\nand the inhabitants of the counties which were behind in the quota did\nnot take kindly to the idea of being drafted to fight for a cause they\ndid not espouse. A riot was feared, and troops were ordered down from\nthe fort to be in readiness for any disturbance that might occur.\nArrangements for the prosecution of the draft were made as rapidly as\npossible, but the provost marshal was not in readiness to have it take\nplace on the day designated by the war department. This situation\nof affairs was telegraphed to the president and the following\ncharacteristic reply was received: \"If the draft cannot take place, of\ncourse it cannot take place. Necessity knows no law. A. Lincoln.\" The\nbitterest feeling of the anti-drafters seemed to be against the\nold St. Paul Press, a paper that earnestly advocated the vigorous\nprosecution of the war. Threats were made to mob the office. A company\nwas organized for self-defense, and Capt. E.R. Otis, now of West\nSuperior, one of the Press compositors at that time, was made post\ncommander. Capt. Otis had seen service in the early part of the war\nand the employes considered themselves fortunate in having a genuine\nmilitary man for a leader. The office was barricaded, fifteen old\nSpringfield muskets and 800 rounds of ammunition was brought down from\nthe capitol and every one instructed what to do in case of an attack.\nI slept on a lounge in the top story of the old Press building\noverlooking Bridge Square, and the guns and ammunition were under my\nbed. I was supposed to give the alarm should the mob arrive after the\nemployes had gone home. As there was no possible avenue of escape in\ncase of an attack, it looks now as if the post commander displayed\npoor judgment in placing a lone sentinel on guard. But there was no\nriot. The excitement gradually died away and the draft took place\nwithout interruption.\n\n * * * * *\n\nBefore and some time after the war the daily newspapers took advantage\nof all the holidays and seldom issued papers on the days following\nChristmas, New Year's, Washington's birthday, Fourth of July\nand Thanksgiving. On the Fourth of July, 1863, the Pioneer made\narrangements to move from their old quarters near the corner of Third\nand Cedar streets to the corner of Third and Robert. It happened\nthat on that day two of the greatest events of the Civil war had\noccurred--the battle of Gettysburg and the surrender of Vicksburg. The\nPioneer being engaged in moving their plant could not issue an extra\non that occasion, and the Press had the field exclusively to itself.\nThe news of these two great events had become pretty generally known\nthroughout the city and the anxiety to get fuller particulars was\nsimply intense. The Press, having a clear field for that day, did not\npropose to issue its extra until the fullest possible details had\nbeen received. A great crowd had assembled in front of the old Press\noffice, anxiously awaiting details of the great Union victories. I had\nhelped prepare the news for the press and followed the forms to the\npress room. As soon as a sufficient number of papers had been printed\nI attempted to carry them to the counting room and place them on sale.\nAs I opened the side door of the press room and undertook to reach the\ncounting room by a short circuit, I found the crowd on the outside had\nbecome so large that it was impossible to gain an entrance in that\ndirection, and undertook to retreat and try another route. But quicker\nthan a flash I was raised to the shoulders of the awaiting crowd and\nwalked on their heads to the counting room window, where I sold what\nfew papers I had as rapidly as I could hand them out. As soon as the\nmagnitude of the news got circulated cheer after cheer rent the air,\nand cannon, anvils, firecrackers and everything that would make a\nnoise was brought into requisition, and before sundown St. Paul had\ncelebrated the greatest Fourth of July in its history.\n\n * * * * *\n\nI arrived in St. Paul on the morning of the 17th of April, 1858, and\nImmediately commenced work on the Daily Minnesotian, my brother, Geo.\nW. Moore, being part owner and manager of the paper. I had not been at\nwork long before I learned what a \"scoop\" was. Congress had passed\na bill admitting Minnesota into the Union, but as there was no\ntelegraphic communication with Washington it required two or three\ndays for the news to reach the state. The Pioneer, Minnesotian and\nTimes were morning papers, and were generally printed the evening\nbefore. It so happened that the news of the admission of Minnesota was\nbrought to St. Paul by a passenger on a late boat and the editors of\nthe Pioneer accidentally heard of the event and published the same\non the following morning, thus scooping the other two papers. The\nMinnesotian got out an extra and sent it around to their subscribers\nand they thought they had executed a great stroke of enterprise. It\nwas not long before I became familiar with the method of obtaining\nnews and I was at the levee on the arrival of every boat thereafter.\nI could tell every boat by its whistle, and there was no more scoops\n'till the telegraph line was completed in the summer of 1860.\n\n * * * * *\n\nDuring the latter part of the Civil war the daily newspapers began to\nexpand, and have ever since kept fully abreast of the requirements of\nour rapidly increasing population. The various papers were printed on\nsingle-cylinder presses until about 1872, when double-cylinders were\nintroduced. In 1876 the first turtle-back press was brought to the\ncity, printing four pages at one time. In 1880 the different offices\nintroduced stereotyping, and in 1892 linotype type-setting machines\nwere installed. The next great advance will probably be some system of\nphotography that will entirely dispense with the work of the printer\nand proofreader. Who knows?\n\n\n\n\nTHE FIVE MILLION LOAN ELECTION.\n\nEARLY STEAMBOATING--CELEBRATION OF THE SUCCESSFUL LAYING OF THE FIRST\nATLANTIC CABLE--A FIGHT BETWEEN THE CHIPPEWAS AND SIOUXS.\n\n\n\"Right this way for the Fuller house!\" \"Right this way for the Winslow\nhouse!\" \"Right this way for the American house!\" \"Merchants hotel\non the levee!\" \"Stage for St. Anthony Falls!\" These were the\nannouncements that would greet the arrival of travelers as they would\nalight from one of the splendid steamers of the Galena, Dunleith,\nDubuque and Minnesota Packet company during the days when traveling\nby steamboat was the only way of reaching points on the upper\nMississippi. Besides the above hotels, there was the Central house,\nthe Temperance house, the City hotel, Minnesota house, the Western\nhouse, the Hotel to the Wild Hunter, whose curious sign for many years\nattracted the attention of the visitor, and many others. The Merchants\nis the only one left, and that only in name. Messengers from newspaper\noffices, representatives of storage and commission houses, merchants\nlooking for consignments of goods, residents looking for friends, and\nthe ever alert dealers in town lots on the scent of fresh victims,\nwere among the crowds that daily congregated at the levee whenever the\narrival of one of the packet company's regular steamers was expected.\nAt one time there was a daily line of steamers to La Crosse, a daily\nline to Prairie du Chien, a daily line to Dubuque and a line to St.\nLouis, and three daily lines for points on the Minnesota river.\nDoes any one remember the deep bass whistle of the Gray Eagle, the\ncombination whistle on the Key City, the ear-piercing shriek of the\nlittle Antelope, and the discordant notes of the calliope on the\nDenmark? The officers of these packets were the king's of the day, and\nwhen any one of them strayed up town he attracted as much attention as\na major general of the regulars. It was no uncommon sight to see six\nor eight steamers at the levee at one time, and their appearance\npresented a decided contrast to the levee of the present time. The\nfirst boat through the lake in the spring was granted free wharfage,\nand as that meant about a thousand dollars, there was always an\neffort made to force a passage through the lake as soon as possible.\nTraveling by steamboat during the summer months was very pleasant,\nbut it was like taking a trip to the Klondike to go East during the\nwinter. Merchants were compelled to supply themselves with enough\ngoods to last from November till April, as it was too expensive\nto ship goods by express during the winter. Occasionally some\nenterprising merchant would startle the community by announcing\nthrough the newspapers that he had just received by Burbank's express\na new pattern in dress goods, or a few cans of fresh oysters. The\nstages on most of the routes left St. Paul at 4 o'clock in the\nmorning, and subscribers to daily newspapers within a radius of forty\nmiles of the city could read the news as early as they can during\nthese wonderful days of steam and electricity.\n\n * * * * *\n\nProbably no election ever occurred in Minnesota that excited so much\ninterest as the one known as the \"Five Million Loan Election.\" It was\nnot a party measure, as the leading men of both parties favored it;\nalthough the Republicans endeavored to make a little capital out of it\nat a later period. The only paper of any prominence that opposed the\npassage of the amendment was the Minnesotian, edited by Dr. Thomas\nFoster. That paper was very violent in its abuse of every one who\nfavored the passage of the law, and its opposition probably had an\nopposite effect from what was intended by the redoubtable doctor. The\ngreat panic of 1857 had had a very depressing effect on business\nof every description and it was contended that the passage of this\nmeasure would give employment to thousands of people; that the\nrumbling of the locomotive would soon be heard in every corner of the\nstate, and that the dealer in town lots and broad acres would again be\nable to complacently inform the newcomer the exact locality where a\nfew dollars would soon bring to the investor returns unheard of by\nany ordinary methods of speculation. The campaign was short and the\namendment carried by an immense majority. So nearly unanimous was\nthe sentiment of the community in favor of the measure that it was\nextremely hazardous for any one to express sentiments In opposition to\nit. The city of St. Paul, with a population of about 10,000, gave a\nmajority of over 4,000 for the law. There was no Australian law\nat that time, and one could vote early and often without fear of\nmolestation. One of the amusing features of the campaign, and in\nopposition to the measure, was a cartoon drawn by R.O. Sweeney, now\na resident of Duluth. It was lithographed and widely circulated. The\nnewspapers had no facilities for printing cartoons at that time. They\nhad to be printed on a hand press and folded into the papers. It was\nproposed, by the terms of this amendment to the constitution, to\ndonate to four different railroad companies $10,000 per mile for every\nmile of road graded and ready to iron. Work Was commenced soon after\nthe passage of the law, and in a short time a demand was made by the\nrailroad companies upon Gov. Sibley for the issuance of the bonds, in\naccordance with their idea of the terms of the contract made by the\nstate. Gov. Sibley declined to issue the bonds until the rights of\nthe state had been fully protected. The railroad companies would not\naccept the restrictions placed upon them by the governor, and they\nobtained a peremptory writ from the supreme court directing that they\nbe issued. The governor held that the supreme court had no authority\nto coerce the executive branch of the state government, but on the\nadvice of the attorney general, and rather than have any friction\nbetween the two branches of the government, he, in accordance with the\nmandate of the court, reluctantly signed the bonds. Judge Flandrau\ndissented from the opinion of his colleagues, and had his ideas\nprevailed the state's financial reputation would have been vastly\nimproved. Dr. Foster did not believe Gov. Sibley was sincere in his\nefforts to protect the interests of the state, and denounced him with\nthe same persistence he had during the campaign of the previous fall.\nThe doctor would never acknowledge that Gov. Sibley was the legal\ngovernor of Minnesota, and Tie contended that he had no right to sign\nthe bonds: that their issuance was illegal, and that neither the\nprincipal nor the interest would ever be paid. The Minnesotian carried\nat the head of its columns the words \"Official Paper of the City,\" and\nit was feared that its malignant attacks upon the state officials,\ndenouncing the issuance of the bonds as fraudulent and illegal, would\nbe construed abroad as reflecting the sentiment of the majority of the\npeople in the the community in which it was printed, and would have a\nbad effect in the East when the time came to negotiate the bonds. An\neffort was made to induce the city council to deprive that paper of\nits official patronage, but that body could not see its way clear to\nabrogate its contract. Threats were made to throw the office into the\nriver, but they did not materialize. When Gov. Sibley endeavored\nto place these bonds on the New York market he was confronted\nwith conditions not anticipated, and suffered disappointment and\nhumiliation in consequence of the failure of the attempt. The bonds\ncould not be negotiated. The whole railway construction scheme\nsuddenly collapsed, the railroad companies defaulted, the credit of\nthe state was compromised, \"and enterprise of great pith and\nmoment had turned their currents awry.\" The evil forbodings of the\nMinnesotian became literally true, and for more than twenty years\nthe repudiated bonds of Minnesota were a blot on the pages of her\notherwise spotless record. Nearly 250 miles of road were graded, on\nwhich the state foreclosed and a few years later donated the same to\nnew organizations. During the administration of Gov. Pillsbury the\nstate compromised with the holders of these securities and paid 50 per\ncent of their nominal value. Will she ever pay the rest?\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn the latter part of May, 1858, a battle was fought near Shakopee\nbetween the Sioux and the Chippewas. A party of Chippewa warriors,\nunder the command of the famous Chief Hole-in-the-day, surprised a\nbody of Sioux on the river bottoms near Shakopee and mercilessly\nopened fire on them, killing and wounding fifteen or twenty. Eight or\nten Chippewas were killed during the engagement. The daily papers\nsent reporters to the scene of the conflict and they remained in that\nvicinity several days on the lookout for further engagements. Among\nthe reporters was John W. Sickels, a fresh young man from one of the\nEastern cities. He was attached to the Times' editorial staff and\nfurnished that paper with a very graphic description of the events of\nthe preceding days, and closed his report by saying that he was unable\nto find out the \"origin of the difficulty.\" As the Sioux and\nChippewas were hereditary enemies, his closing announcement afforded\nconsiderable amusement to the old inhabitants.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe celebration in St. Paul in honor of the successful laying of the\nAtlantic cable, which took place on the first day of September, 1858,\nwas one of the first as well as one of the most elaborate celebrations\nthat ever occurred in the city. The announcement of the completion of\nthe enterprise, which occurred on the 5th of the previous month, did\nnot reach St. Paul until two or three days later, as there was no\ntelegraphic communication to the city at that time. As soon as\nmessages had been exchanged between Queen Victoria and President\nBuchanan it was considered safe to make preparations for a grand\ncelebration. Most of the cities throughout the United States were\nmaking preparations to celebrate on that day, and St. Paul did not\npropose to be outdone. The city council appropriated several hundred\ndollars to assist in the grand jubilation and illumination. An\nelaborate program was prepared and a procession that would do credit\nto the city at the present time marched through the principal streets,\nto the edification of thousands of spectators from the city and\nsurrounding country. To show that a procession in the olden time was\nvery similar to one of the up-to-date affairs, the following order of\nprocession is appended:\n\nTHE PROCESSION.\n\n Escort of Light Cavalry.\n Band.\n Pioneer Guard.\n City Guard.\n City Battery.\n Floral procession with escort of Mounted Cadets,\n representing Queen Victoria, President Buchanan,\n the different States of the Union, and\n other devices.\n The Governor and State Officers in carriages.\n The Judges of the State in carriages.\n The Clergy.\n Officers of the Army.\n Officers of the Navy.\n The Municipal Authorities of Neighboring Cities.\n The Board of Education in Carriages.\n The Mayor and City Council.\n Knights Templars on Horseback.\n Band.\n Odd Fellows.\n Druids.\n Typographical Corps.\n Band.\n Officers and Crews of Vessels in Port.\n Turners.\n German Reading Society.\n German Singing Society.\n Attaches of Postoffice Department.\n Citizens in Carriages.\n Citizens on Horseback.\n Brewers on Horseback.\n Butchers on Horseback.\n\nCol. AC Jones, adjutant general of the state, was marshal-in-chief,\nand he was assisted by a large number of aides. The Pioneer Guards,\nthe oldest military company in the state, had the right of line. They\nhad just received their Minie rifles and bayonets, and, with the\ndrum-major headgear worn by military companies in those days,\npresented a very imposing appearance. The Pioneer Guards were followed\nby the City Guards, under Capt. John O'Gorman. A detachment of cavalry\nand the City Battery completed the military part of the affair. The\nfire department, under the superintendence of the late Charles H.\nWilliams, consisting of the Pioneer Hook and Ladder company, Minnehaha\nEngine company, Hope Engine company and the Rotary Mill company was\nthe next in order. One of the most attractive features of the occasion\nwas the contribution of the Pioneer Printing company. In a large car\ndrawn by six black horses an attempt was made to give an idea of\nprinters and printing in the days of Franklin, and also several\nepochs in the life of the great philosopher. In the car with the\nrepresentatives of the art preservative was Miss Azelene Allen, a\nbeautiful and popular young actress connected with the People's\ntheater, bearing in her hand a cap of liberty on a spear. She\nrepresented the Goddess of Liberty. The car was ornamented with\nflowers and the horses were decorated with the inscriptions\n\"Franklin,\" \"Morse,\" \"Field.\" The Pioneer book bindery was also\nrepresented in one of the floats, and workmen, both male and female,\nwere employed in different branches of the business. These beautiful\nfloats were artistically designed by George H. Colgrave, who is\nstill in the service of the Pioneer Press company. One of the unique\nfeatures of the parade, and one that attracted great attention, was a\nlight brigade, consisting of a number of school children mounted, and\nthey acted as a guard of honor to the president and queen. In an open\nbarouche drawn by four horses were seated two juvenile representatives\nof President Buchanan and Queen Victoria. The representative of\nBritish royalty was Miss Rosa Larpenteur, daughter of A.L. Larpenteur,\nand the first child born of white parents in St. Paul. James Buchanan\nwas represented by George Folsom, also a product of the city. Col.\nR.E.J. Miles and Miss Emily Dow, the stars at the People's theater,\nwere in the line of march on two handsomely caparisoned horses,\ndressed in Continental costume, representing George and Martha\nWashington. The colonel looked like the veritable Father of His\nCountry. There were a number of other floats, and nearly all the\nsecret societies of the city were in line. The procession was nearly\ntwo miles in length and they marched three and one-half hours before\nreaching their destination. To show the difference between a line of\nmarch at that time and one at the present day, the following is given:\n\nTHE LINE OF MARCH.\n\nUp St. Anthony street to Fort street, up Fort street to Ramsey street,\nthen countermarch down Fort to Fourth street, down Fourth street to\nMinnesota street, up Minnesota street to Seventh street, down Seventh\nstreet to Jackson street, up Jackson street to Eighth street, down\nEighth street to Broadway, down Broadway to Seventh street, up Seventh\nstreet to Jackson street, down Jackson street to Third street, up\nThird street to Market street.\n\nEx-Gov. W.A. Gorman and ex-Gov. Alex. Ramsey were the orators of the\noccasion, and they delivered very lengthy addresses. It had been\narranged to have extensive fireworks in the evening, but on account of\nthe storm they had to be postponed until the following night.\n\nIt was a strange coincidence that on the very day of the celebration\nthe last message was exchanged between England and America. The cable\nhad been in successful operation about four weeks and 129 messages\nwere received from England and 271 sent from America. In 1866 a new\ncompany succeeded in laying the cable which is in successful\noperation to-day. Four attempts were made before the enterprise was\nsuccessful--the first in 1857, the second in 1858, the third in 1863\nand the successful one in 1865. Cyrus W. Field, the projector of the\nenterprise, received the unanimous thanks of congress, and would have\nbeen knighted by Great Britain had Mr. Field thought it proper to\naccept such honor.\n\n * * * * *\n\nSome time during the early '50s a secret order known as the Sons of\nMalta was organized in one of the Eastern states, and its membership\nincreased throughout the West with as much rapidity as the Vandals and\nGoths increased their numbers during the declining years of the Roman\nEmpire. Two or three members of the Pioneer editorial staff procured a\ncharter from Pittesburg in 1858 and instituted a lodge in St. Paul.\nIt was a grand success from the start. Merchants, lawyers, doctors,\nprinters, and in fact half of the male population, was soon enrolled\nin the membership of the order. There was something so grand, gloomy\nand peculiar about the initiation that made it certain that as soon\nas one victim had run the gauntlet he would not be satisfied until\nanother one had been procured. When a candidate had been proposed for\nmembership the whole lodge acted as a committee of investigation,\nand if it could be ascertained that he had ever been derelict in his\ndealings with his fellow men he was sure to be charged with it when\nbeing examined by the high priest in the secret chamber of the\norder--that is, the candidate supposed he was in a secret chamber from\nthe manner in which he had to be questioned, but when the hood had\nbeen removed from his face he found, much to his mortification, that\nhis confession had been made to the full membership of the order.\nOccasionally the candidate would confess to having been more of a\ntransgresser than his questioners had anticipated.\n\nThe following is a sample of the questions asked a candidate for\nadmission: Grand Commander to candidate, \"Are you in favor of\nthe acquisition of the Island of Cuba?\" Candidate\n\n[...]\n\n that Grant was drunk; that he was far away from the\nbattleground when the attack was made, and was wholly unprepared to\nmeet the terrible onslaught of the enemy in the earlier stages of the\nencounter. Gen. Beauregard is said to have stated on the morning\nof the battle that before sundown he would water his horses in the\nTennessee river or in hell. That the rebels did not succeed in\nreaching the Tennessee was not from lack of dash and daring on their\npart, but was on account of the sturdy resistance and heroism of their\nadversaries. According to Gen. Grant's own account of the battle,\nthough suffering intense pain from a sprained ankle, he was in the\nsaddle from early morning till late at night, riding from division to\ndivision, giving directions to their commanding officers regarding the\nmany changes in the disposition of their forces rendered necessary\nby the progress of the battle. The firm resistance made by the force\nunder his command is sufficient refutation of the falsity of the\ncharges made against him. Misunderstanding of orders, want of\nco-operation of subordinates as well as superiors, and rawness of\nrecruits were said to have been responsible for the terrible slaughter\nof the Union forces on the first day of the battle.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe battle of Pittsburg Landing is sometimes called the battle of\nShiloh, some of the hardest lighting having been done in the vicinity\nof an old log church called the Church of Shiloh, about three miles\nfrom the landing.\n\nThe battle ground traversed by the opposing forces occupied a\nsemi-circle of about three and a half miles from the town of\nPittsburg, the Union forces being stationed in the form of a\nsemi-circle, the right resting on a point north of Crump's Landing,\nthe center being directly in front of the road to Corinth, and the\nleft extending to the river in the direction of Harrisburg--a small\nplace north of Pittsburg Landing. At about 2 o'clock on Sunday\nmorning, Col. Peabody of Prentiss' division, fearing that everything\nwas not right, dispatched a body of 400 men beyond the camp for the\npurpose of looking after any body of men which might be lurking in\nthat direction. This step was wisely taken, for a half a mile advance\nshowed a heavy force approaching, who fired upon them with great\nslaughter. This force taken by surprise, was compelled to retreat,\nwhich they did in good order under a galling fire. At 6 o'clock the\nfire had become general along the entire front, the enemy having\ndriven in the pickets of Gen. Sherman's division and had fallen with\nvengeance upon three Ohio regiments of raw recruits, who knew nothing\nof the approach of the enemy until they were within their midst. The\nslaughter on the first approach of the enemy was very severe, scores\nfalling at every discharge of rebel guns. It soon became apparent that\nthe rebel forces were approaching in overwhelming numbers and there\nwas nothing left for them to do but retreat, which was done with\nconsiderable disorder, both officers and men losing every particle of\ntheir baggage, which fell into rebel hands.\n\n\nAt 8:30 o'clock the fight had become general, the second line of\ndivisions having received the advance in good order and made every\npreparation for a suitable reception of the foe. At this time many\nthousand stragglers, many of whom had never before heard the sound\nof musketry, turned their backs to the enemy, and neither threats or\npersuasion could induce them to turn back. The timely arrival of Gen.\nGrant, who had hastened up from Savannah, led to the adoption of\nmeasures that put a stop to this uncalled-for flight from the battle\nground. A strong guard was placed across the thoroughfare, with orders\nto hault every soldier whose face was turned toward the river, and\nthus a general stampede was prevented. At 10 o'clock the entire line\non both sides was engaged in one of the most terrible battles ever\nknown in this country. The roar of the cannon and musketry was without\nintermission from the main center to a point extending halfway down\nthe left wing. The great struggle was most upon the forces which had\nfallen back on Sherman's position. By 11 o'clock quite a number of the\ncommanders of regiments had fallen, and in some instances not a single\nfield officer remained; yet the fighting continued with an earnestness\nthat plainly showed that the contest on both sides was for death or\nvictory. The almost deafening sound of artillery and the rattle of\nmusketry was all that could be heard as the men stood silently and\ndelivered their fire, evidently bent on the work of destruction which\nknew no bounds. Foot by foot the ground was contested, a single narrow\nstrip of open land dividing the opponents. Many who were maimed fell\nback without help, while others still fought in the ranks until they\nwere actually forced back by their company officers. Finding it\nimpossible to drive back the center of our column, at 12 o'clock the\nenemy slackened fire upon it and made a most vigorous effort on our\nleft wing, endeavoring to drive it to the river bank at a point about\na mile and a half above Pittsburg Landing. With the demonstration of\nthe enemy upon the left wing it was soon seen that all their fury was\nbeing poured out upon it, with a determination that it should give\nway. For about two hours a sheet of fire blazed both columns, the\nrattle of musketry making a most deafening noise. For about an hour it\nwas feared that the enemy would succeed in driving our forces to the\nriver bank, the rebels at times being plainly seen by those on the\nmain landing below. While the conflict raged the hottest in this\nquarter the gunboat Tyler passed slowly up the river to a point\ndirectly opposite the enemy and poured in a broadside from her immense\nguns. The shells went tearing and crashing through the woods, felling\ntrees in their course and spreading havoc wherever they fell. The\nexplosions were fearful, the shells falling far inland, and they\nstruck terror to the rebel force. Foiled in this attempt, they now\nmade another attack on the center and fought like tigers. They found\nour lines well prepared and in full expectation of their coming. Every\nman was at his post and all willing to bring the contest to a definite\nconclusion. In hourly expectation of the arrival of reinforcements,\nunder Generals Nelson and Thomas of Buell's army, they made every\neffort to rout our forces before the reinforcements could reach the\nbattle ground. They were, however, fighting against a wall of steel.\nVolley answered volley and for a time the battle of the morning was\nre-enacted on the same ground and with the same vigor on both sides.\nAt 5 o'clock there was a short cessation in the firing of the enemy,\ntheir lines falling back on the center for about half a mile. They\nagain wheeled and suddenly threw their entire force upon the left\nwing, determined to make the final struggle of the day in that\nquarter. The gunboat Lexington in the meantime had arrived from\nSavannah, and after sending a message to Gen. Grant to ascertain in\nwhich direction the enemy was from the river, the Lexington and Tyler\ntook a position about half a mile above the river landing, and poured\ntheir shells up a deep ravine reaching to the river on the right.\nTheir shots were thick and fast and told with telling effect. In the\nmeantime Gen. Lew Wallace, who had taken a circuitous route from\nCrump's Landing, appeared suddenly on the left wing of the rebels. In\nface of this combination the enemy felt that their bold effort was for\nthe day a failure and as night was about at hand, they slowly fell\nback, fighting as they went, until they reached an advantageous\nposition, somewhat in the rear, yet occupying the main road to\nCorinth. The gunboats continued to send their shells after them until\nthey were far beyond reach. This ended the engagement for the day.\nThroughout the day the rebels evidently had fought with the Napoleonic\nidea of massing their entire force on weak points of the enemy, with\nthe intention of braking through their lines, creating a panic and\ncutting off retreat.\n\n\nThe first day's battle, though resulting in a terrible loss of Union\ntroops, was in reality a severe disappointment to the rebel leaders.\nThey fully expected, with their overwhelming force to annihilate\nGrant's army, cross the Tennessee river and administer the same\npunishment to Buell, and then march on through Tennessee, Kentucky and\ninto Ohio. They had conceived a very bold movement, but utterly failed\nto execute it.\n\nGen. Albert Sidney Johnston, commander of the Confederate forces,\nwas killed in the first day's battle, being shot while attempting to\ninduce a brigade of unwilling Confederates to make a charge on the\nenemy.\n\nGen. Buell was at Columbia, Tenn., on the 19th of March with a veteran\nforce of 40,000 men, and it required nineteen days for him to reach\nthe Tennessee river, eighty-five miles distant, marching less than\nfive miles a day, notwithstanding the fact that he had been ordered to\nmake a junction with Grant's forces as soon as possible, and was well\ninformed of the urgency of the situation.\n\nDuring the night steamers were engaged in carrying the troops of\nNelson's division across the river. As soon as the boats reached the\nshore the troops immediately left, and, without music, took their way\nto the advance of the left wing of the Union forces. They had come up\ndouble quick from Savannah, and as they were regarded as veterans, the\ngreatest confidence was soon manifest as to the successful termination\nof the battle. With the first hours of daylight it was evident that\nthe enemy had also been strongly reinforced, for, notwithstanding they\nmust have known of the arrival of new Union troops, they were first to\nopen the ball, which they did with considerable alacrity. The attacks\nthat began came from the main Corinth road, a point to which they\nseemed strongly attached, and which at no time did they leave\nunprotected. Within half an hour from the first firing in the morning\nthe contest then again spread in either direction, and both the main\nand left wings were not so anxious to fight their way to the river\nbank as on the previous day, having a slight experience of what they\nmight expect if again brought under the powerful guns of the Tyler and\nLexington. They were not, however, lacking in activity, and they\nwere met by our reinforced troops with an energy that they did not\nanticipate. At 9 o'clock the sound of the artillery and musketry fully\nequaled that of the day before. It now became evident that the rebels\nwere avoiding our extreme left wing, and were endeavoring to find a\nweak point in our line by which they could turn our force and thus\ncreate a panic. They left one point but to return to it immediately,\nand then as suddenly would direct an assault upon a division where\nthey imagined they would not be expected. The fire of the united\nforces was as steady as clockwork, and it soon became evident that\nthe enemy considered the task they had undertaken a hopeless one.\nNotwithstanding continued repulses, the rebels up to 11 o'clock had\ngiven no evidence of retiring from the field. Their firing had been as\nrapid and vigorous at times as during the most terrible hours of\nthe previous day. Generals Grant, Buell, Nelson and Crittenden were\npresent everywhere directing the movements on our part for a new\nstrike against the foe. Gen. Lew Wallace's division on the right had\nbeen strongly reinforced, and suddenly both wings of our army were\nturned upon the enemy, with the intention of driving the immense body\ninto an extensive ravine. At the same time a powerful battery had been\nstationed upon an open field, and they poured volley after volley into\nthe rebel ranks and with the most telling effect. At 11:30 o'clock the\nroar of battle almost shook the earth, as the Union guns were being\nfired with all the energy that the prospect of ultimate victory\ninspired. The fire from the enemy was not so vigorous and they began\nto evince a desire to withdraw. They fought as they slowly moved back,\nkeeping up their fire from their artillery and musketry, apparently\ndisclaiming any notion that they thought of retreating. As they\nretreated they went in excellent order, halting at every advantageous\npoint and delivering their fire with considerable effect. At noon it\nwas settled beyond dispute that the rebels were retreating. They were\nmaking but little fire, and were heading their center column for\nCorinth. From all divisions of our lines they were closely pursued,\na galling fire being kept up on their rear, which they returned at\nintervals with little or no effect. From Sunday morning until Monday\nnoon not less than three thousand cavalry had remained seated In their\nsaddles on the hilltop overlooking the river, patiently awaiting the\ntime when an order should come for them to pursue the flying enemy.\nThat time had now arrived and a courier from Gen. Grant had scarcely\ndelivered his message before the entire body was in motion. The wild\ntumult of the excited riders presented a picture seldom witnessed on a\nbattlefield. Gen. Grant himself led the charge.\n\n * * * * *\n\nGen. Grant, in his memoirs, summarizes the results of the two days'\nfighting as follows: \"I rode forward several miles the day of the\nbattle and found that the enemy had dropped nearly all of their\nprovisions and other luggage in order to enable them to get off with\ntheir guns. An immediate pursuit would have resulted in the capture\nof a considerable number of prisoners and probably some guns....\" The\neffective strength of the Union forces on the morning of the 6th was\n33,000 men. Lew Wallace brought 5,000 more after nightfall. Beauregard\nreported the rebel strength at 40,955. Excluding the troops who fled,\nthere was not with us at any time during the day more than 25,000 men\nin line. Our loss in the two days' fighting was 1,754 killed, 8,408\nwounded and 2,885 missing. Beauregard reported a total loss of 10,699,\nof whom 1,728 were killed, 8,012 wounded and 957 missing.\n\n\nOn the first day of the battle Gen. Prentiss, during a change of\nposition of the Union forces, became detached from the rest of the\ntroops, and was taken prisoner, together with 2,200 of his men. Gen.\nW.H.L. Wallace, division commander, was killed in the early part of\nthe struggle.\n\nThe hardest fighting during the first day was done in front of the\ndivisions of Sherman and McClernand. \"A casualty to Sherman,\" says\nGen. Grant, \"that would have taken him from the field that day would\nhave been a sad one for the Union troops engaged at Shiloh. And how\nnear we came to this! On the 6th Sherman was shot twice, once in the\nhand, once in the shoulder, the ball cutting his coat and making a\nslight wound, and a third ball passed through his hat. In addition to\nthis he had several horses shot during the day.\"\n\nDuring the second day of the battle Gen. Grant, Col. McPherson and\nMaj. Hawkins got beyond the left of our troops. There did not appear\nto be an enemy in sight, but suddenly a battery opened on them from\nthe edge of the woods. They made a hasty retreat and when they were\nat a safe distance halted to take an account of the damage. In a few\nmoments Col. McPherson's horse dropped dead, having been shot just\nback of the saddle. A ball had passed through Maj. Hawkins' hat and a\nball had struck the metal of Gen. Grant's sword, breaking it nearly\noff.\n\nOn the first day of the battle about 6,000 fresh recruits who had\nnever before heard the sound of musketry, fled on the approach of the\nenemy. They hid themselves on the river bank behind the bluff, and\nneither command nor persuasion could induce them to move. When Gen.\nBuell discovered them on his arrival he threatened to fire on them,\nbut it had no effect. Gen. Grant says that afterward those same men\nproved to be some of the best soldiers in the service.\n\nGen. Grant, in his report, says he was prepared with the\nreinforcements of Gen. Lew Wallace's division of 5,000 men to assume\nthe offensive on the second day of the battle, and thought he could\nhave driven the rebels back to their fortified position at Corinth\nwithout the aid of Buell's army.\n\n * * * * *\n\nAt banquet hall, regimental reunion or campfire, whenever mention is\nmade of the glorious record of Minnesota volunteers in the great Civil\nwar, seldom, if ever, is the First Minnesota battery given credit\nfor its share in the long struggle. Probably very few of the present\nresidents of Minnesota are aware that such an organization existed.\nThis battery was one of the finest organizations that left the state\nduring the great crisis. It was in the terrible battle of Pittsburg\nLanding, the siege of Vicksburg, in front of Atlanta and in the great\nmarch from Atlanta to the sea, and in every position in which they\nwere placed they not only covered themselves with glory, but they were\nan honor and credit to the state that sent them. The First Minnesota\nbattery, light artillery, was organized at Fort Snelling in the fall\nof 1861, and Emil Munch was made its first captain. Shortly after\nbeing mustered in they were ordered to St. Louis, where they received\ntheir accoutrements, and from there they were ordered to Pittsburg\nLanding, arriving at the latter place late in February, 1862. The day\nbefore the battle, they were transferred to Prentiss' division of\nGrant's army. On Sunday morning, April 6, the battery was brought out\nbright and early, preparing for inspection. About 7 o'clock great\ncommotion was heard at headquarters, and the battery was ordered to be\nready to march at a moment's notice. In about ten minutes they were\nordered to the front, the rebels having opened fire on the Union\nforces. In a very short time rebel bullets commenced to come thick and\nfast, and one of their number was killed and three others wounded. It\nsoon became evident that the rebels were in great force in front\nof the battery, and orders were issued for them to choose another\nposition. At about 11 o'clock the battery formed in a new position\non an elevated piece of ground, and whenever the rebels undertook to\ncross the field in front of them the artillery raked them down with\nfrightful slaughter. Several times the rebels placed batteries In the\ntimber at the farther end of the field, but in each instance the\nguns of the First battery dislodged them before they could get into\nposition. For hours the rebels vainly endeavored to break the lines\nof the Union forces, but in every instance they were repulsed with\nfrightful loss, the canister mowing them down at close range. About 5\no'clock the rebels succeeded in flanking Gen. Prentiss and took part\nof his force prisoners. The battery was immediately withdrawn to an\nelevation near the Tennessee river, and it was not long before firing\nagain commenced and kept up for half an hour, the ground fairly\nshaking from the continuous firing on both sides of the line. At\nabout 6 o'clock the firing ceased, and the rebels withdrew to a safe\ndistance from the landing. The casualties of the day were three killed\nand six wounded, two of the latter dying shortly afterward. The fight\nat what was known as the \"hornet's nest\" was most terrific, and had\nnot the First battery held out so heroically and valiantly the rebels\nwould have succeeded in forcing a retreat of the Union lines to a\npoint dangerously near the Tennessee river. Capt. Munch's horse\nreceived a bullet In his head and fell, and the captain himself\nreceived a wound in the thigh, disabling him from further service\nduring the battle. After Capt. Munch was wounded Lieut. Pfaender took\ncommand of the battery, and he had a horse shot from under him during\nthe day. On the morning of April 7, Gen. Buell having arrived, the\nbattery was held in reserve and did not participate in the battle\nthat day. The First battery was the only organization from Minnesota\nengaged in the battle, and their conduct in the fiercest of the\nstruggle, and in changing position in face of fire from the whole\nrebel line, was such as to receive the warmest commendation from the\ncommanding officer. It was the first battle in which they had taken\npart, and as they had only received their guns and horses a few weeks\nbefore, they had not had much opportunity for drill work. Their\nterrible execution at critical times convinced the rebels that they\nhad met a foe worthy of their steel.\n\n * * * * *\n\nAmong the many thousands left dead and dying on the blood-stained\nfield of Pittsburg Landing there was one name that was very dear in\nthe hearts of the patriotic people of St. Paul,--a name that was as\ndear to the people of St. Paul as was the memory of the immortal\nEllsworth to the people of Chicago. Capt. William Henry Acker, while\nmarching at the head of his company, with uplifted sword and with\nvoice and action urging on his comrades to the thickest of the fray,\nwas pierced in the forehead by a rebel bullet and fell dead upon the\nill-fated field.\n\nBefore going into action Capt. Acker was advised by his comrades not\nto wear his full uniform, as he was sure to be a target for rebel\nbullets, but the captain is said to have replied that if he had to die\nhe would die with his harness on. Soon after forming his command into\nline, and when they had advanced only a few yards, he was singled out\nby a rebel sharpshooter and instantly killed--the only man in the.\ncompany to receive fatal injuries. \"Loved, almost adored, by the\ncompany,\" says one of them, writing of the sad event, \"Capt. Acker's\nfall cast a deep shadow of gloom over his command.\" It was but for\na moment. With a last look at their dead commander, and with the\nwatchword 'this for our captain,' volley after volley from their guns\ncarried death into the ranks of his murderers. From that moment but\none feeling seemed to possess his still living comrades--that of\nrevenge for the death of their captain. How terribly they carried out\nthat purpose the number of rebel slain piled around the vicinity of\nhis body fearfully attest.\n\nThe announcement of the death of Capt. Acker was a very severe blow to\nhis relatives and many friends in this city. No event thus far in the\nhistory of the Rebellion had brought to our doors such a realizing\nsense of the sad realities of the terrible havoc wrought upon the\nbattlefield. A noble life had been sacrificed in the cause of\nfreedom--one more name had been added to the long death roll of the\nnation's heroes.\n\nCapt. Acker was born a soldier--brave, able, popular and\ncourteous--and had he lived would undoubtedly been placed high in rank\nlong before the close of the rebellion. No person ever went to the\nfront in whom the citizens of St. Paul had more hope for a brilliant\nfuture. He was born in New York State in 1833, and was twenty-eight\nyears of age at the time of his death. He came to St. Paul in 1854 and\ncommenced the study of law in the office of his brother-in-law, Hon.\nEdmund Rice. He did not remain long in the law business, however, but\nsoon changed to a position in the Bank of Minnesota, which had just\nbeen established by ex-Gov. Marshall. For some time he was captain of\nthe Pioneer Guards, a company which he was instrumental in forming,\nand which was the finest military organization in the West at\nthat time. In 1860 he was chosen commander of the Wide-Awakes, a\nmarching-club, devoted to the promotion of the candidacy of Abraham\nLincoln, and many of the men he so patiently drilled during that\nexciting campaign became officers in the volunteer service in that\ngreat struggle that soon followed. Little did the captain imagine at\nthat time that the success of the man whose cause he espoused would so\nsoon be the means of his untimely death. At the breaking out of the\nwar Capt. Acker was adjutant general of the State of Minnesota, but he\nthought he would be of more use to his country in active service and\nresigned that position and organized a company for the First Minnesota\nregiment, of which he was made captain. At the first battle of Bull\nRun he was wounded, and for his gallant action was made captain in\nthe Seventeenth United States Regulars, an organization that had\nbeen recently created by act of congress. The Sixteenth regiment was\nattached to Buell's army, and participated in the second day's battle,\nand Cat. Acker was one of the first to fall on that terrible day,\nbeing shot in the identical spot in the forehead where he was wounded\nat the first battle of Bull Run. As soon as the news was received in\nSt. Paul of the captain's death his father, Hon. Henry Acker, left for\nPittsburg Landing, hoping to be able to recover the remains of his\nmartyred son and bring the body back to St. Paul. His body was easily\nfound, his burial place having been carefully marked by members of the\nSecond Minnesota who arrived on the battleground a short time after\nthe battle. When the remains arrived in St. Paul they were met at\nthe steamboat landing by a large number of citizens and escorted to\nMasonic hall, where they rested till the time of the funeral. The\nfuneral obsequies were held at St. Paul's church on Sunday, May 4,\n1862, and were attended by the largest concourse of citizens that\nhad ever attended a funeral in St. Paul, many being present from\nMinneapolis, St. Anthony and Stillwater. The respect shown to the\nmemory of Capt. Acker was universal, and of a character which fully\ndemonstrated the high esteem in which he was held by the people of St.\nPaul.\n\nWhen the first Grand Army post was formed in St. Paul a name\ncommemorative of one of Minnesota's fallen heroes was desired for the\norganization. Out of the long list of martyrs Minnesota gave to the\ncause of the Union no name seemed more appropriate than that of the\nheroic Capt. Acker, and it was unanimously decided that the first\nassociation of Civil war veterans in this city should be known as\nAcker post.\n\n\nTHE DEATH OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.\n\n * * * * *\n\nThe terrible and sensational news that Abraham Lincoln had been\nassassinated, which was flashed over the wires on the morning of\nApril 15, 1865 (forty years ago yesterday), was the most appalling\nannouncement that had been made during the long crisis through which\nthe country had just passed. Every head was bowed in grief. No tongue\ncould find language sufficiently strong to express condemnation of the\nfiendish act. The entire country was plunged in mourning. It was not\nsafe for any one to utter a word against the character of the martyred\npresident. At no place in the entire country was the terrible calamity\nmore deeply felt than in St. Paul. All public and private buildings\nwere draped in mourning. Every church held memorial services. The\nservices at the little House of Hope church on Walnut street will long\nbe remembered by all those who were there. The church was heavily\ndraped in mourning. It had been suddenly transformed from a house of\nhope to a house of sorrow, a house of woe. The pastor of the church\nwas the Rev. Frederick A. Noble. He was one of the most eloquent and\nlearned divines in the city--fearless, forcible and aggressive--the\nHenry Ward Beecher of the Northwest. President Lincoln was his ideal\nstatesman.\n\nThe members of the House of Hope were intensely patriotic. Many of\ntheir number were at the front defending their imperiled country.\nScores and scores of times during the desperate conflict had the\neloquent pastor of this church delivered stirring addresses favoring\na vigorous prosecution of the war. During the darkest days of the\nRebellion, when the prospect of the final triumph of the cause of the\nUnion seemed furthest off, Mr. Noble never faltered; he believed that\nthe cause was just and that right would finally triumph. When the\nterrible and heart-rending news was received that an assassin's bullet\nhad ended the life of the greatest of all presidents the effect was\nso paralyzing that hearts almost ceased beating. Every member of the\ncongregation felt as if one of their own household had been suddenly\ntaken from them. The services at the church on the Sunday morning\nfollowing the assassination were most solemn and impressive. The\nlittle edifice was crowded almost to suffication, and when the pastor\nwas seen slowly ascending the pulpit, breathless silence prevailed. He\nwas pale and haggard, and appeared to be suffering great mental agony.\nWith bowed head and uplifted hands, and with a voice trembling with\nalmost uncontrollable emotion, he delivered one of the most fervent\nand impressive invocations ever heard by the audience. Had the dead\nbody of the president been placed in front of the altar, the solemnity\nof the occasion could not have been greater. In the discourse that\nfollowed, Mr. Noble briefly sketched the early history of the\npresident, and then devoted some time to the many grand deeds he had\naccomplished during the time he had been in the presidential chair.\nFor more than four years he had patiently and anxiously watched the\nprogress of the terrible struggle, and now, when victory was in sight,\nwhen it was apparent to all that the fall of Richmond, the surrender\nof Lee and the probable surrender of Johnston would end the long war,\nhe was cruelly stricken down by the hand of an assassin. \"With malice\ntowards none and with charity to all, and with firmness for the right,\nas God gives us to see the right,\" were utterances then fresh from the\npresident's lips. To strike down such a man at such a time was indeed\na crime most horrible. There was scarcely a dry eye in the audience.\nMen and women alike wept. It was supposed at the time that Secretary\nof State Seward had also fallen a victim of the assassin's dagger.\nIt was the purpose of the conspirators to murder the president, vice\npresident and entire cabinet, but in only one instance did the attempt\nprove fatal. Secretary Seward was the foremost statesmen of the\ntime. His diplomatic skill had kept the country free from foreign\nentanglements during the long and bitter struggle. He, too, was\neulogized by the minister, and it rendered the occasion doubly\nmournful.\n\nSince that time two other presidents have been mercilessly slain by\nthe hand of an assassin, and although the shock to the country was\nterrible, it never seemed as if the grief was as deep and universal\nas when the bullet fired by John Wilkes Booth pierced the temple of\nAbraham Lincoln.\n\n\n\n\nAN ALLEGORICAL HOROSCOPE\n\n * * * * *\n\nIN TWO CHAPTERS.\n\n * * * * *\n\nCHAPTER I.--AN OPTIMISTIC FORECAST.\n\nAs the sun was gently receding in the western horizon on a beautiful\nsummer evening nearly a century ago, a solitary voyageur might have\nbeen seen slowly ascending the sinuous stream that stretches from the\nNorth Star State to the Gulf of Mexico. He was on a mission of peace\nand good will to the red men of the distant forest. On nearing the\nshore of what is now a great city the lonely voyageur was amazed\non discovering that the pale face of the white man had many years\npreceded him. \"What, ho!\" he muttered to himself; \"methinks I see a\npaleface toying with a dusky maiden. I will have speech with him.\" On\napproaching near where the two were engaged in some weird incantation\nthe voyageur overheard the dusky maiden impart a strange message to\nthe paleface by her side. \"From the stars I see in the firmament, the\nfixed stars that predominate in the configuration, I deduce the future\ndestiny of man. 'Tis with thee. O Robert, to live always. This elixer\nwhich I now do administer to thee has been known to our people for\ncountless generations. The possession of it will enable thee to\nconquer all thine enemies. Thou now beholdest, O Robert, the ground\nupon which some day a great city will be erected. Thou art destined to\nbecome the mighty chief of this great metropolis. Thy reign will be\nlong and uninterrupted. Thou wert born when the conjunction of the\nplanets did augur a life of perfect beatitude. As the years roll\naway the inhabitants of the city will multiply with great rapidity.\nQuestions of great import regarding the welfare of the people will\noften come before thee for adjustment. To be successful In thy calling\nthou must never be guilty of having decided convictions on any\nsubject, as thy friends will sometimes be pitted against each other in\nthe advocacy of their various schemes. Thou must not antagonize either\nside by espousing the other's cause, but must always keep the rod and\nthe gun close by thy side, so that when these emergencies arise and\nthou doth scent danger in the air thou canst quietly withdraw from the\nscene of action and chase the festive bison over the distant prairies\nor revel in piscatorial pleasure on the placid waters of a secluded\nlake until the working majority hath discovered some method of\nrelieving thee of the necessity of committing thyself, and then, O\nRobert. thou canst return and complacently inform the disappointed\nparty that the result would have been far different had not thou been\ncalled suddenly away. Thou canst thus preserve the friendship of all\nparties, and their votes are more essential to thee than the mere\nadoption of measures affecting the prosperity of thy people. When the\nrequirements of the people of thy city become too great for thee alone\nto administer to all their wants, the great family of Okons, the\nlineal descendants of the sea kings from the bogs of Tipperary, will\ncome to thy aid. Take friendly counsel with them, as to incur their\ndispleasure will mean thy downfall. Let all the ends thou aimest at be\nto so dispose of the offices within thy gift that the Okons, and the\nfollowers of the Okons, will be as fixed in their positions as are the\nstars in their orbits.\"\n\nAfter delivering this strange astrological exhortation the dusky\nmaiden slowly retreated toward the entrance of a nearby cavern, the\npaleface meandered forth to survey the ground of his future greatness\nand the voyageur resumed his lonely journey toward the setting sun.\n\n * * * * *\n\nCHAPTER II.--A TERRIBLE REALITY.\n\n\nAfter the lapse of more than four score of years the voyageur from the\nfrigid North returned from his philanthropic visit to the red man. A\nwonderful change met the eye. A transformation as magnificent as it\nwas bewildering had occurred. The same grand old bluffs looked proudly\ndown upon the Father of Water. The same magnificent river pursued\nits unmolested course toward the boundless ocean. But all else had\nchanged. The hostile warrior no longer impeded the onward march of\ncivilization, and cultivated fields abounded on every side.\nSteamers were hourly traversing the translucent waters of the great\nMississippi; steam and electricity were carrying people with the\nrapidity of lightning in every direction; gigantic buildings appeared\non the earth's surface, visible in either direction as far as the\neye could reach; on every corner was a proud descendant of Erin's\nnobility, clad in gorgeous raiment, who had been branded \"St. Paul's\nfinest\" before leaving the shores of his native land. In the midst of\nthis great city was a magnificent building, erected by the generosity\nof its people, in which the paleface, supported on either side by the\nOkons, was the high and mighty ruler. The Okons and the followers of\nthe Okons were in possession of every office within the gift of the\npaleface. Floating proudly from the top of this great building was an\nimmense banner, on which was painted in monster letters the talismanic\nwords: \"For mayor, 1902, Robert A. Smith,\" Verily the prophecy of the\ndusky maiden had been fulfilled. The paleface had become impregnably\nintrenched. The Okons could never be dislodged.\n\nWith feelings of unutterable anguish at the omnipresence of the Okons,\nthe aged voyageur quietly retraced his footsteps and was never more\nseen by the helpless and overburdened subjects of the paleface.\n\n\n\n\nSPELLING DOWN A SCHOOL.\n\n * * * * *\n\nWhen I was about twelve years of age I resided in a small village in\none of the mountainous and sparsely settled sections of the northern\npart of Pennsylvania.\n\nIt was before the advent of the railroad and telegraph in that\nlocality. The people were not blessed with prosperity as it is known\nto-day. Neither were they gifted with the intellectual attainments\npossessed by the inhabitants of the same locality at the present time.\nMany of the old men served in the war of 1812, and they were looked up\nto with about the same veneration as are the heroes of the Civil War\nto-day. It was at a time when the younger generation was beginning to\nacquire a thirst for knowledge, but it was not easily obtained under\nthe peculiar conditions existing at that period. A school district\nthat was able to support a school for six months in each year was\nindeed considered fortunate, but even in these the older children were\nnot permitted to attend during the summer months, as their services\nwere considered indispensable in the cultivation of the soil.\n\nReading, writing and arithmetic were about all the studies pursued in\nthose rural school districts, although occasionally some of the better\nclass of the country maidens could be seen listlessly glancing over a\ngeography or grammar, but they were regarded as \"stuck up,\" and the\nother pupils thought they were endeavoring to master something far\nbeyond their capacity.\n\nOur winter school term generally commenced the first week in December\nand lasted until the first week in March, with one evening set apart\neach week for a spelling-match and recitation. We had our spelling\nmatch on Saturday nights, and every four weeks we would meet with\nschools in other districts in a grand spelling contest. I was\nconsidered too young to participate in any of the joint spelling\nmatches, and my heart was heavy within me every time I saw a great\nfour-horse sleigh loaded with joyful boys and girls on their way to\none of the great contests.\n\nOne Saturday night there was to be a grand spelling match at a country\ncrossroad about four miles from our village, and four schools were to\nparticipate. As I saw the great sleigh loaded for the coming struggle\nthe thought occurred to me that if I only managed to secure a ride\nwithout being observed I might in some way be able to demonstrate to\nthe older scholars that in spelling at least I was their equal. While\nthe driver was making a final inspection of the team preparatory to\nstarting I managed to crawl under his seat, where I remained as quiet\nas mouse until the team arrived at the point of destination. I had not\nconsidered the question of getting back--I left that to chance. As\nsoon as the different schools had arrived two of the best spellers\nwere selected to choose sides, and it happened that neither of them\nwas from our school. I stood in front of the old-fashioned fire-place\nand eagerly watched the pupils as they took their places in the line.\nThey were drawn in the order of their reputation as spellers. When\nthey had finished calling the names I was still standing by the\nfireplace, and I thought my chance was hopeless. The school-master\nfrom our district noticed my woebegone appearance, and he arose from\nhis seat and said:\n\n\"That boy standing by the fireplace is one of the best spellers in our\nschool.\"\n\nMy name was then reluctantly called, and I took my place at the\nfoot of the column. I felt very grateful towards our master for his\ncompliment and I thought I would be able to hold my position in the\nline long enough to demonstrate that our master was correct. The\nschool-master from our district was selected to pronounce the words,\nand I inwardly rejoiced.\n\nAfter going down the line several times and a number of scholars had\nfallen on some simple word the school-master pronounced the word\n\"phthisic.\" My heart leaped as the word fell from the school-master's\nlips. It was one of my favorite hard words and was not in the spelling\nbook. It had been selected so as to floor the entire line in order to\nmake way for the exercises to follow.\n\nAs I looked over the long line of overgrown country boys and girls I\nfelt sure that none of them would be able to correctly spell the word.\n\"Next!\" \"Next!\" \"Next!\" said the school-master, and my pulse beat\nfaster and faster as the older scholars ahead of me were relegated to\ntheir seats.\n\nAt last the crucial time had come. I was the only one left standing.\nAs the school-master stood directly in front of me and said \"Next,\" I\ncould see by the twinkle in his eye that he thought I could correctly\nspell the word. My countenance had betrayed me. With a clear and\ndistinct voice loud enough to be heard by every one in the room\nI spelled out \"ph-th-is-ic--phthisic.\" \"Correct,\" said the\nschool-master, and all the scholars looked aghast at my promptness.\n\nI shall never forget the kindly smile of the old school-master, as he\nlaid the spelling book upon the teacher's desk, with the quiet remark:\n\"I told you he could spell.\" I had spelled down four schools, and my\nreputation as a speller was established. Our school was declared to\nhave furnished the champion speller of the four districts, and ever\nafter my name was not the last one to be called.\n\nOn my return home I was not compelled to ride under the driver's seat.\n\n\nHALF A CENTURY WITH THE PIONEER PRESS.\n\nPioneer Press, April 18, 1908:--Frank Moore, superintendent of the\ncomposing room if the Pioneer Press, celebrated yesterday the fiftieth\nanniversary of his connection with the paper. A dozen of the old\nemployes of the Pioneer Press entertained Mr. Moore at an informal\ndinner at Magee's to celebrate the unusual event. Mr. Moore's service\non the Pioneer Press, in fact, has been longer than the Pioneer\nPress itself, for he began his work on one of the newspapers which\neventually was merged into the present Pioneer Press. He has held his\npresent position as the head of the composing room for about forty\nyears.\n\nFrank Moore was fifteen years old when he came to St. Paul from Tioga\ncounty, Pa., where he was born. He came with his brother, George W.\nMoore, who was one of the owners and managers of the Minnesotian. His\nbrother had been East and brought the boy West with him. Mr. Moore's\nfirst view of newspaper work was on the trip up the river to St. Paul.\nThere had been a special election on a bond issue and on the way his\nbrother stopped at the various towns to got the election returns.\n\nMr. Moore went to work for the Minnesotian on April 17, 1858, as a\nprinter's \"devil.\" It is interesting in these days of water works and\ntelegraph to recall that among his duties was to carry water for the\noffice. He got it from a spring below where the Merchants hotel now\nstands. Another of his jobs was to meet the boats. Whenever a steamer\nwhistled Mr. Moore ran to the dock to get the bundle of newspapers the\nboat brought, and hurry with it back to the office. It was from these\npapers that the editors got the telegraph news of the world. He also\nwas half the carrier staff of the paper. His territory covered all\nthe city above Wabasha street, but as far as he went up the hill\nwas College avenue and Ramsey street was his limit out West Seventh\nstreet. There was no St. Paul worth mentioning beyond that.\n\nWhen the Press absorbed the Minnesotian in 1861, Mr. Moore went with\nit, and when in 1874 the Press and Pioneer were united Mr. Moore\nstayed with the merged paper. His service has been continuous,\nexcepting during his service as a volunteer in the Civil war. The\nPioneer Press, with its antecedents, has been his only interest.\n\nWhile Mr. Moore's service is notable for its length, it is still more\nnotable for the fact that he has grown with the paper, so that\nto-day at sixty-five he is still filling his important position as\nefficiently on a large modern newspaper as he filled it as a young man\nwhen things in the Northwest, including its newspapers, were in the\nbeginning. Successive managements found that his services always gave\nfull value and recognized in him an employe of unusual loyalty and\ndevotion to the interests of the paper. Successive generations of\nemployes have found him always just the kind of man it is a pleasure\nto have as a fellow workman.\n\n\n\n***", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Reminiscences-of-Pioneer-Days-in-St.-Paul-by-Frank-Moore", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1908, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10146"} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\nDRAGON'S BLOOD\n\nby\n\nHENRY MILNER RIDEOUT\n\nwith illustrations by HAROLD M. BRETT\n\n1909\n\n\n\n\nTo\nCHARLES TOWNSEND COPELAND,\n 15 Hollis Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts\n\nDear Cope,\n\nMr. Peachey Carnehan, when he returned from Kafiristan, in bad shape but\nwith a king's head in a bag, exclaimed to the man in the newspaper\noffice, \"And you've been sitting there ever since!\" There is only a pig\nin the following poke; and yet in giving you the string to cut and the\nbag to open, I feel something of Peachey's wonder to think of you,\nacross all this distance and change, as still sitting in your great\nchair by the green lamp, while past a dim background of books moves the\nprocession of youth. Many of us, growing older in various places,\nremember well your friendship, and are glad that you are there, urging\nour successors to look backward into good books, and forward into life.\n\n Yours ever truly,\n H. M. R.\n_Sausalito, California_.\n\n\nCONTENTS\n\n I. A LADY AND A GRIFFIN\n II. THE PIED PIPER\n III. UNDER FIRE\n IV. THE SWORD-PEN\n V. IN TOWN\n VI. THE PAGODA\n VII. IPHIGENIA\n VIII. THE HOT NIGHT\n IX. PASSAGE AT ARMS\n X. THREE PORTALS\n XI. WHITE LOTUS\n XII. THE WAR BOARD\n XIII. THE SPARE MAN\n XIV. OFF DUTY\n XV. KAU FAI\n XVI. THE GUNWALE\n XVII. LAMP OF HEAVEN\n XVIII. SIEGE\n XIX. BROTHER MOLES\n XX. THE HAKKA BOAT\n XXI. THE DRAGON'S SHADOW\n\n\nILLUSTRATIONS\n\n_\"Good-by! A pleasant voyage\"_ ... Frontispiece\n\n_Rudolph was aware of crowded bodies, of yellow faces grinning_\n\n_He let the inverted cup dangle from his hands_\n\n_He went leaping from sight over the crest_\n\n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\n\nA LADY AND A GRIFFIN\n\nIt was \"about first-drink time,\" as the captain of the Tsuen-Chau, bound\nfor Shanghai and Japan ports, observed to his friend Cesare Domenico, a\ngood British subject born at Malta. They sat on the coolest corner in\nPort Said, their table commanding both the cross-way of Chareh Sultan el\nOsman, and the short, glaring vista of desert dust and starved young\nacacias which led to the black hulks of shipping in the Canal. From the\nBar la Poste came orchestral strains--\"Ai nostri monti\"--performed by a\npiano indoors and two violins on the pavement. The sounds contended with\na thin, scattered strumming of cafe mandolins, the tinkle of glasses,\nthe steady click of dominoes and backgammon; then were drowned in the\nharsh chatter of Arab coolies who, all grimed as black as Nubians, and\nshouldering spear-headed shovels, tramped inland, their long tunics\nstiff with coal-dust, like a band of chain-mailed Crusaders lately\ncaught in a hurricane of powdered charcoal. Athwart them, Parisian\ngowns floated past on stout Italian forms; hulking third-class\nAustralians, in shirtsleeves, slouched along toward their mail-boat,\nhugging whiskey bottles, baskets of oranges, baskets of dates; British\nsoldiers, khaki-clad for India, raced galloping donkeys through the\ncrowded and dusty street. It was mail-day, and gayety flowed among the\ntables, under the thin acacias, on a high tide of Amer Picon.\n\nThrough the inky files of the coaling-coolies burst an alien and\nbewildered figure. He passed unnoticed, except by the filthy little Arab\nbootblacks who swarmed about him, trotting, capering, yelping\ncheerfully: \"Mista Ferguson!--polish, finish!--can-can--see nice Frencha\ngirl--Mista McKenzie, Scotcha fella from Dublin--smotta picture--polish,\nfinish!\"--undertoned by a squabbling chorus. But presently, studying his\nface, they cried in a loud voice, \"Nix! Alles!\" and left him, as one not\ndesiring polish.\n\n\"German, that chap,\" drawled the captain of the Tsuen-Chau, lazily,\nnoticing the uncertain military walk of the young man's clumsy legs, his\nuncouth clothes, his pale visage winged by blushing ears of coral pink.\n\n\"The Eitel's in, then,\" replied Cesare. And they let the young Teuton\nvanish in the vision of mixed lives.\n\nDown the lane of music and chatter and drink he passed slowly, like a\nman just wakened,--assailed by Oriental noise and smells, jostled by the\nraces of all latitudes and longitudes, surrounded and solitary, unheeded\nand self-conscious. With a villager's awkwardness among crowds, he made\nhis way to a German shipping-office.\n\n\"Dispatches for Rudolph Hackh?\" he inquired, twisting up his blond\nmoustache, and trying to look insolent and peremptory, like an\nemployer of men.\n\n\"There are none, sir,\" answered an amiable clerk, not at all impressed.\n\nAbashed once more in the polyglot street, still daunted by his first\nplunge into the foreign and the strange, he retraced his path, threading\nshyly toward the Quai Francois Joseph. He slipped through the barrier\ngate, signaled clumsily to a boatman, crawled under the drunken little\nawning of the dinghy, and steered a landsman's course along the shining\nCanal toward the black wall of a German mail-boat. Cramping the Arab's\noar along the iron side, he bumped the landing-stage. Safe on deck, he\nbecame in a moment stiff and haughty, greeting a fellow passenger here\nand there with a half-military salute. All afternoon he sat or walked\nalone, unapproachable, eyeing with a fierce and gloomy stare the\nsqualid front of wooden houses on the African side, the gray desert\nglare of Asia, the pale blue ribbon of the great Canal stretching\nsouthward into the unknown.\n\nHe composed melancholy German verses in a note-book. He recalled famous\nexiles--Camoens, Napoleon, Byron--and essayed to copy something of all\nthree in his attitude. He cherished the thought that he, clerk at\ntwenty-one, was now agent at twenty-two, and traveling toward a house\nwith servants, off there beyond the turn of the Canal, beyond the curve\nof the globe. But for all this, Rudolph Hackh felt young, homesick,\ntimid of the future, and already oppressed with the distance, the age,\nthe manifold, placid mystery of China.\n\nToward that mystery, meanwhile, the ship began to creep. Behind her,\nhouses, multi- funnels, scrubby trees, slowly swung to blot out\nthe glowing Mediterranean and the western hemisphere. Gray desert banks\nclosed in upon her strictly, slid gently astern, drawing with them to\nthe vanishing-point the bright lane of traversed water. She gained the\nBitter Lakes; and the red conical buoys, like beads a-stringing, slipped\non and added to the two converging dotted lines.\n\n\"Good-by to the West!\" thought Rudolph. As he mourned sentimentally at\nthis lengthening tally of their departure, and tried to quote\nappropriate farewells, he was deeply touched and pleased by the sadness\nof his emotions. \"Now what does Byron say?\"\n\nThe sombre glow of romantic sentiment faded, however, with the sunset.\nThat evening, as the ship glided from ruby coal to ruby coal of the\ngares, following at a steady six knots the theatric glare of her\nsearch-light along arsenically green cardboard banks, Rudolph paced the\ndeck in a mood much simpler and more honest. In vain he tried the\nhalf-baked philosophy of youth. It gave no comfort; and watching the\nclear desert stars of two mysterious continents, he fell prey to the\nunbounded and unintelligible complexity of man's world. His own career\nseemed no more dubious than trivial.\n\nSucceeding days only strengthened this mood. The Red Sea passed in a\ndream of homesickness, intolerable heat, of a pale blue surface\nstretched before aching eyes, and paler strips of pink and gray coast,\nfaint and distant. Like dreams, too, passed Aden and Colombo; and then,\nsuddenly, he woke to the most acute interest.\n\nHe had ignored his mess-mates at their second-class table; but when the\nnew passengers from Colombo came to dinner, he heard behind him the\nswish of stiff skirts, felt some one brush his shoulder, and saw,\nsliding into the next revolving chair, the vision of a lady in white.\n\n\"_Mahlzeit_\" she murmured dutifully. But the voice was not German.\nRudolph heard her subside with little flouncings, and felt his ears grow\nwarm and red. Delighted, embarrassed, he at last took sufficient courage\nto steal side-glances.\n\nThe first showed her to be young, fair-haired, and smartly attired in\nthe plainest and coolest of white; the second, not so young, but very\ncharming, with a demure downcast look, and a deft control of her spoon\nthat, to Rudolph's eyes, was splendidly fastidious; at the third, he was\nshocked to encounter the last flitting light of a counter-glance, from\nlarge, dark-blue eyes, not devoid of amusement.\n\n\"She laughs at me!\" fumed the young man, inwardly. He was angry,\nconscious of those unlucky wing-and-wing ears, vexed at his own\nboldness. \"I have been offensive. She laughs at me.\" He generalized from\nlong inexperience of a subject to which he had given acutely interested\nthought: \"They always do.\"\n\nAnger did not prevent him, however, from noting that his neighbor\ntraveled alone, that she must be an Englishwoman, and yet that she\ndiffused, somehow, an aura of the Far East and of romance. He shot many\na look toward her deck-chair that evening, and when she had gone below,\nstrategically bought a cigar, sat down in the chair to light it, and by\na carefully shielded match contrived to read the tag that fluttered on\nthe arm: \"B. Forrester, Hongkong.\"\n\nAfterward he remembered that by early daylight he might have read it for\nnothing; and so, for economic penance, smoked to the bitter end, finding\nthe cigar disagreeable but manly. At all events, homesickness had\nvanished in a curious impatience for the morrow. Miss Forrester: he\nwould sit beside Miss Forrester at table. If only they both were\ntraveling first-class!--then she might be a great lady. To be enamored\nof a countess, now--A cigar, after all, was the proper companion of\nbold thoughts.\n\nAt breakfast, recalling her amusement, he remained silent and wooden. At\ntiffin his heart leaped.\n\n\"You speak English, I'm sure, don't you?\" Miss Forrester was saying, in\na pleasant, rather drawling voice. Her eyes were quite serious now, and\nindeed friendly. Confusion seized him.\n\n\"I have less English to amuse myself with the ladies,\" he answered\nwildly. Next moment, however, he regained that painful mastery of the\ntongue which had won his promotion as agent, and stammered: \"Pardon. I\nwould mean, I speak so badly as not to entertain her.\"\n\n\"Indeed, you speak very nicely,\" she rejoined, with such a smile as no\nwoman had ever troubled to bestow on him. \"That will be so pleasant,\nfor my German is shocking.\"\n\nDazed by the compliment, by her manner of taking for granted that future\nconversation which had seemed too good to come true, but above all by\nher arch, provoking smile, Rudolph sat with his head in a whirl, feeling\nthat the wide eyes of all the second-cabiners were penetrating the\ntumultuous secret of his breast. Again his English deserted, and left\nhim stammering. But Miss Forrester chatted steadily, appeared to\nunderstand murmurs which he himself found obscure, and so restored his\nconfidence that before tiffin was over he talked no less gayly, his\nhonest face alight and glowing. She taught him the names of the strange\nfruits before them; but though listening and questioning eagerly, he\ncould not afterward have told loquat from pumelo, or custard-apple\nfrom papaya.\n\nNor could this young man, of methodical habits, ever have told how long\ntheir voyage lasted. It passed, unreal and timeless, in a glorious mist,\na delighted fever: the background a blur of glossy white bulkheads and\niron rails, awnings that fluttered in the warm, languorous winds, an\ninfinite tropic ocean poignantly blue; the foreground, Miss Forrester.\nHer white figure, trim and dashing; her round blue eyes, filled with coy\nwonder, the arch innocence of a spoiled child; her pale, smooth cheeks,\nrather plump, but coming oddly and enticingly to a point at the mouth\nand tilted chin; her lips, somewhat too full, too red, but quick and\nwhimsical: he saw these all, and these only, in a bright focus,\nlistening meanwhile to a voice by turns languid and lively, with now and\nthen a curious liquid softness, perhaps insincere, yet dangerously\npleasant. Questioning, hinting, she played at motherly age and wisdom.\nAs for him, he never before knew how well he could talk, or how\nengrossing his sober life, both in his native village on the Baltic and\nafterward in Bremen, could prove to either himself or a stranger.\n\nYet he was not such a fool, he reflected, as to tell everything. So far\nfrom trading confidences, she had told him only that she was bound\nstraight on to Hongkong; that curiosity alone had led her to travel\nsecond-class, \"for the delightful change, you know, from all such\nformality\"; and that she was \"really more French than English.\" Her\nreticence had the charm of an incognito; and taking this leaf from her\nbook, he gave himself out as a large, vaguely important person\njourneying on a large, vague errand.\n\n\"But you are a griffin?\" she had said, as they sat together at tea.\n\n\"Pardon?\" he ventured, wary and alarmed, wondering whether he could\nclaim this unknown term as in character with his part.\n\n\"I mean,\" Miss Forrester explained, smiling, \"it is your first visit to\nthe Far East?\"\n\n\"Oh, yes,\" he replied eagerly, blushing. He would have given worlds to\nsay, \"No.\"\n\n\"Griffins are such nice little monsters,\" she purred. \"I like them.\"\n\nSometimes at night, waked by the snores of a fat Prussian in the upper\nberth, he lay staring into the dark, while the ship throbbed in unison\nwith his excited thoughts. He was amazed at his happy recklessness. He\nwould never see her again; he was hurrying toward lonely and uncertain\nshores; yet this brief voyage outvalued the rest of his life.\n\nIn time, they had left Penang,--another unheeded background for her\narch, innocent, appealing face,--and forged down the Strait of Malacca\nin a flood of nebulous moonlight. It was the last night out from\nSingapore. That veiled brightness, as they leaned on the rail, showed\nher brown hair fluttering dimly, her face pale, half real, half magical,\nher eyes dark and undefined pools of mystery. It was late; they had been\nsilent for a long time; and Rudolph felt that something beyond the\nterritory of words remained to be said, and that the one brilliant epoch\nof his life now drew madly to a close.\n\n\"What do you think of it all?\" the woman asked suddenly, gravely, as\nthough they had been isolated together in the deep spaces of the\nsame thought.\n\n\"I do not yet--Of what?\" rejoined Rudolph, at a loss.\n\n\"Of all this.\" She waved an eloquent little gesture toward the\nazure-lighted gulf.\n\n\"Oh,\" he said. \"Of the world?\"\n\n\"Yes,\" she answered slowly. \"The world. Life.\" Her tone, subdued and\nmusical, conveyed in the mere words their full enigma and full meaning.\n\"All this that we see.\"\n\n\"Who can tell?\" He took her seriously, and ransacked all his store of\nsecond-hand philosophy for a worthy answer,--a musty store, dead and\npedantic, after the thrilling spirit of her words. \"Why, I think--it\nis--is it not all now the sense-manifest substance of our duty? Pardon.\nI am obscure. '_Das versinnlichte Material unserer Pflicht_' No?\"\n\nHer clear laughter startled him.\n\n\"Oh, how moral!\" she cried. \"What a highly moral little griffin!\"\n\nShe laughed again (but this time it was like the splash of water in a\ndeep well), and turned toward him that curiously tilted point of chin\nand mouth, her eyes shadowy and mocking. She looked young again,--the\nspirit of youth, of knowledge, of wonderful brightness and unbelief.\n\n\"Must we take it so very, very hard?\" she coaxed. \"Isn't it just a place\nto be happy in?\"\n\nAs through a tumult he heard, and recognized the wisdom of the ages.\n\n\"Because,\" she added, \"it lasts such a little while--\"\n\nOn the rail their hands suddenly touched. He was aware of nothing but\nthe nearness and pallor of her face, the darkness of her eyes shining up\nat him. All his life seemed to have rushed concentrating into that one\ninstant of extreme trouble, happiness, trembling fascination.\n\nFootsteps sounded on the deck behind them; an unwelcome voice called\njocosely:--\n\n\"Good efening!\" The ship's doctor advanced with a roguish, paternal air.\n\"You see at the phosphor, not?\"\n\nEven as she whipped about toward the light, Rudolph had seen, with a\ntouch of wonder, how her face changed from a bitter frown to the most\nfriendly smile. The frown returned, became almost savage, when the fat\nphysician continued:--\n\n\"To see the phosphor is too much moon, Mrs. Forrester?\"\n\nHad the steamer crashed upon a reef, he would hardly have noticed such a\nminor shipwreck. Mrs. Forrester? why, then--When the doctor, after\nponderous pleasantries, had waddled away aft, Rudolph turned upon her a\nface of tragedy.\n\n\"Was that true?\" he demanded grimly.\n\n\"Was what true?\" she asked, with baby eyes of wonder, which no longer\ndeceived, but angered.\n\n\"What the doctor said.\" Rudolph's voice trembled. \"The tittle--the title\nhe gave you.\"\n\n\"Why, of course,\" she laughed.\n\n\"And you did not tell me!\" he began, with scorn.\n\n\"Don't be foolish,\" she cut in. From beneath her skirt the toe of a\nsmall white shoe tapped the deck angrily. Of a sudden she laughed, and\nraised a tantalizing face, merry, candid, and inscrutable. \"Why, you\nnever asked me, and--and of course I thought you were saying it all\nalong. You have such a dear, funny way of pronouncing, you know.\"\n\nHe hesitated, almost believing; then, with a desperate gesture, wheeled\nand marched resolutely aft. That night it was no Prussian snores which\nkept him awake and wretched. \"Everything is finished,\" he thought\nabysmally. He lay overthrown, aching, crushed, as though pinned under\nthe fallen walls of his youth.\n\nAt breakfast-time, the ship lay still beside a quay where mad crowds of\nbrown and yellow men, scarfed, swathed, and turbaned in riotous colors,\nworked quarreling with harsh cries, in unspeakable interweaving uproar.\nThe air, hot and steamy, smelled of strange earth. As Rudolph followed a\nMalay porter toward the gang-plank, he was painfully aware that Mrs.\nForrester had turned from the rail and stood waiting in his path.\n\n\"Without saying good-by?\" she reproached him. The injured wonder in her\neyes he thought a little overdone.\n\n\"Good-by.\" He could not halt, but, raising his cap stiffly, managed to\nadd, \"A pleasant voyage,\" and passed on, feeling as though she had\nmurdered something.\n\nHe found himself jogging in a rickshaw, while equatorial rain beat like\ndown-pouring bullets on the tarpaulin hood, and sluiced the Chinaman's\noily yellow back. Over the heavy-muscled shoulders he caught glimpses of\nsullen green foliage, ponderous and drooping; of half-naked barbarians\nthat squatted in the shallow caverns of shops; innumerable faces, black,\nyellow, white, and brown, whirling past, beneath other tarpaulin hoods,\nor at carriage windows, or shielded by enormous dripping wicker hats, or\nbared to the pelting rain. Curious odors greeted him, as of sour\nvegetables and of unknown rank substances burning. He stared like a\nvisionary at the streaming multitude of alien shapes.\n\nThe coolie swerved, stopped, tilted his shafts to the ground. Rudolph\nentered a sombre, mouldy office, where the darkness rang with tiny\nsilver bells. Pig-tailed men in skull-caps, their faces calm as polished\nivory, were counting dollars endlessly over flying finger-tips. One of\nthese men paused long enough to give him a sealed dispatch,--the message\nto which the ocean-bed, the Midgard ooze, had thrilled beneath his\ntardy keel.\n\n\"Zimmerman recalled,\" the interpretation ran; \"take his station; proceed\nat once.\"\n\nHe knew the port only as forlorn and insignificant. It did not matter.\nOne consolation remained: he would never see her again.\n\n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\n\nTHE PIED PIPER\n\nA gray smudge trailing northward showed where the Fa-Hien--Scottish\nOriental, sixteen hundred tons--was disappearing from the pale expanse\nof ocean. The sampan drifted landward imperceptibly, seeming, with\nnut-brown sail unstirred, to remain where the impatient steamer had met\nit, dropped a solitary passenger overside, and cast him loose upon the\nbreadth of the antipodes. Rare and far, the sails of junks patched the\nhorizon with umber polygons. Rudolph, sitting among his boxes in the\nsampan, viewed by turns this desolate void astern and the more desolate\nsweep of coast ahead. His matting sail divided the shining bronze\noutpour of an invisible river, divided a low brown shore beyond, and\nabove these, the strips of some higher desert country that shone like\nsnowdrifts, or like sifted ashes from which the hills rose black and\ncharred. Their savage, winter-blasted look, in the clear light of an\nalmost vernal morning, made the land seem fabulous. Yet here in reality,\nthought Rudolph, as he floated toward that hoary kingdom,--here at last,\nfacing a lonely sea, reared the lifeless, inhospitable shore, the\nsullen margin of China.\n\nThe slow creaking of the spliced oar, swung in its lashing by a\nhalf-naked yellow man, his incomprehensible chatter with some fellow\nboatman hidden in the bows, were sounds lost in a drowsy silence,\nrhythms lost in a wide inertia. Time itself seemed stationary. Rudolph\nnodded, slept, and waking, found the afternoon sped, the hills gone, and\nhis clumsy, time-worn craft stealing close under a muddy bank topped\nwith brown weeds and grass. They had left behind the silted roadstead,\nand now, gliding on a gentle flood, entered the river-mouth. Here and\nthere, against the saffron tide, or under banks quaggy as melting\nchocolate, stooped a naked fisherman, who--swarthy as his background but\nfor a loin-band of yellow flesh--shone wet and glistening while he\nstirred a dip-net through the liquid mud. Faint in the distance harsh\ncries sounded now and then, and the soft popping of small-arms,--tiny\nrevolts in the reign of a stillness aged and formidable. Crumbling walls\nand squat ruins, black and green-patched with mould--old towers of\ndefense against pirates--guarded from either bank the turns of the\nriver. In one reach, a \"war-junk,\" her sails furled, lay at anchor, the\nred and white eyes staring fish-like from her black prow: a silly\nmonster, the painted tompions of her wooden cannon aiming drunkenly\naskew, her crew's wash fluttering peacefully in a line of blue dungaree.\n\nBeyond the next turn, a fowling-piece cracked sharply, close at hand;\nsomething splashed, and the ruffled body of a snipe bobbed in the bronze\nflood alongside.\n\n\"Hang it!\" complained a voice, loudly. \"The beggar was too--Hallo! Oh, I\nsay, Gilly! Gilly, ahoy! Pick us up, there's a good chap! The bird\nfirst, will you, and then me.\"\n\nA tall young man in brown holland and a battered _terai_ stood above on\nthe grassy brink.\n\n\"Oh, beg pardon,\" he continued. \"Took you for old Gilly, you know.\" He\nsnapped the empty shells from his gun, and blew into the breech, before\nadding, \"Would _you_ mind, then? That is, if you're bound up for\nStink-Chau. It's a beastly long tramp, and I've been shooting all\nafternoon.\"\n\nFollowed by three coolies who popped out of the grass with game-bags,\nthe young stranger descended, hopped nimbly from tussock to gunwale, and\nperched there to wash his boots in the river.\n\n\"Might have known you weren't old Gilly,\" he said over his shoulder.\n\"Wutzler said the Fa-Hien lay off signaling for sampan before breakfast.\nGoing to stay long?\"\n\n\"I am agent,\" answered Rudolph, with a touch of pride, \"for Fliegelman\nand Sons.\"\n\n\"Oh?\" drawled the hunter, lazily. He swung his legs inboard, faced\nabout, and studied Rudolph with embarrassing frankness. He was a\nlong-limbed young Englishman, whose cynical gray eyes, and thin face\ntinged rather sallow and Oriental, bespoke a reckless good humor. \"Life\nsentence, eh? Then your name's--what is it again?--Hackh, isn't it?\nHeywood's mine. So you take Zimmerman's place. He's off already, and\ngood riddance. He _was_ a bounder!--Charming spot you've come to! I\ndaresay if your Fliegelmans opened a hong in hell, you might possibly\nget a worse station.\"\n\nWithout change of manner, he uttered a few gabbling, barbaric words. A\ncoolie knelt, and with a rag began to clean the boots, which, from the\nexpression of young Mr. Heywood's face, were more interesting than the\narrival of a new manager from Germany.\n\n\"It will be dark before we're in,\" he said. \"My place for the night, of\ncourse, and let your predecessor's leavings stand over till daylight.\nAfter dinner we'll go to the club. Dinner! Chicken and rice, chicken and\nrice! Better like it, though, for you'll eat nothing else, term of\nyour life.\"\n\n\"You are very kind,\" began Rudolph; but this bewildering off-hand\nyoungster cut him short, with a laugh:--\n\n\"No fear, you'll pay me! Your firm supplies unlimited liquor. Much good\nthat ever did us, with old Zimmerman.\"\n\nThe sampan now slipped rapidly on the full flood, up a narrow channel\nthat the setting of the sun had turned, as at a blow, from copper to\nindigo. The shores passed, more and more obscure against a fading light.\nA star or two already shone faint in the lower spaces. A second war-junk\nloomed above them, with a ruddy fire in the stern lighting a glimpse of\nsquat forms and yellow goblin faces.\n\n\"It is very curious,\" said Rudolph, trying polite conversation, \"how\nthey paint so the eyes on their jonks.\"\n\n\"No eyes, no can see; no can see, no can walkee,\" chanted Heywood in\ncareless formula. \"I say,\" he complained suddenly, \"you're not going to\n'study the people,' and all that rot? We're already fed up with\nmissionaries. Their cant, I mean; no allusion to cannibalism.\"\n\nHe lighted a cigarette. After the blinding flare of the match, night\nseemed to have fallen instantaneously. As their boat crept on to the\nslow creaking sweep, both maintained silence, Rudolph rebuked and\nlonely, Heywood supine beneath a comfortable winking spark.\n\n\"What I mean is,\" drawled the hunter, \"we need all the good fellows we\ncan get. Bring any new songs out? Oh, I forgot, you're a German, too.--A\nsweet little colony! Gilly's the only gentleman in the whole half-dozen\nof us, and Heaven knows he's not up to much.--Ah, we're in. On our\nright, fellow sufferers, we see the blooming Village of Stinks.\"\n\nHe had risen in the gloom. Beyond his shadow a few feeble lights burned\nlow and scattered along the bank. Strange cries arose, the bumping of\nsampans, the mournful caterwauling of a stringed instrument.\n\n\"The native town's a bit above,\" he continued. \"We herd together here on\nthe edge. No concession, no bund, nothing.\"\n\nTheir sampan grounded softly in malodorous ooze. Each mounting the bare\nshoulders of a coolie, the two Europeans rode precariously to shore.\n\n\"My boys will fetch your boxes,\" called Heywood. \"Come on.\"\n\nThe path, sometimes marshy, sometimes hard-packed clay or stone flags\ndeeply littered, led them a winding course in the night. Now and then\nshapes met them and pattered past in single file, furtive and sinister.\nAt last, where a wall loomed white, Heywood stopped, and, kicking at a\nwooden gate, gave a sing-song cry. With rattling weights, the door\nswung open, and closed behind them heavily. A kind of empty garden, a\nbare little inclosure, shone dimly in the light that streamed from a\nlow, thick-set veranda at the farther end. Dogs flew at them, barking\noutrageously.\n\n\"Down, Chang! Down, Chutney!\" cried their master. \"Be quiet, Flounce,\nyou fool!\"\n\nOn the stone floor of the house, they leaped upon him, two red chows and\na fox-terrier bitch, knocking each other over in their joy.\n\n\"Olo she-dog he catchee plenty lats,\" piped a little Chinaman, who\nshuffled out from a side-room where lamplight showed an office desk.\n\"Too-day catchee. Plenty lats. No can.\"\n\n\"My compradore, Ah Pat,\" said Heywood to Rudolph. \"Ah Pat, my friend he\nb'long number one Flickleman, boss man.\"\n\nThe withered little creature bobbed in his blue robe, grinning at the\nintroduction.\n\n\"You welly high-tone man,\" he murmured amiably. \"Catchee goo' plice.\"\n\n\"All the same, I don't half like it,\" was Heywood's comment later. He\nhad led his guest upstairs into a bare white-washed room, furnished in\nwicker. Open windows admitted the damp sea breeze and a smell, like foul\ngun-barrels, from the river marshes. \"Where should all the rats be\ncoming from?\" He frowned, meditating on what Rudolph thought a trifle.\nAbove the sallow brown face, his chestnut hair shone oddly,\nclose-cropped and vigorous. \"Maskee, can't be helped.--O Boy, one\nsherry-bitters, one bamboo!\"\n\n\"To our better acquaintance,\" said Rudolph, as they raised their\nglasses.\n\n\"What? Oh, yes, thanks,\" the other laughed. \"Any one would know you for\na griffin here, Mr. Hackh. You've not forgotten your manners yet.\"\n\nWhen they had sat down to dinner in another white-washed room, and had\nundertaken the promised rice and chicken, he laughed again,\nsomewhat bitterly.\n\n\"Better acquaintance--no fear! You'll be so well acquainted with us all\nthat you'll wish you never clapped eyes on us.\" He drained his whiskey\nand soda, signaled for more, and added: \"Were you ever cooped up,\nyachting, with a chap you detested? That's the feeling you come to\nhave.--Here, stand by. You're drinking nothing.\"\n\nRudolph protested. Politeness had so far conquered habit, that he felt\nuncommonly flushed, genial, and giddy.\n\n\"That,\" urged Heywood, tapping the bottle, \"that's our only amusement.\nYou'll see. One good thing we can get is the liquor. 'Nisi damnose\nbibimus,'--forget how it runs: 'Drink hearty, or you'll die without\ngetting your revenge,'\"\n\n\"You are then a university's-man?\" cried Rudolph, with enthusiasm.\n\nThe other nodded gloomily. On the instant his face had fallen as\nimpassive as that of the Chinese boy who stood behind his chair,\nstraight, rigid, like a waxen image of Gravity in a blue gown.--\"Yes, of\nsorts. Young fool. Scrapes. Debt. Out to Orient. Same old story. More\ndebt. Trust the firm to encourage that! Debt and debt and debt. Tied up\nsafe. Transfer. Finish! Never go Home.\"--He rose with a laugh and an\nimpatient gesture.--\"Come on. Might as well take in the club as to sit\nhere talking rot.\"\n\nOutside the gate of the compound, coolies crouching round a lantern\nsprang upright and whipped a pair of sedan-chairs into position.\nHeywood, his feet elevated comfortably over the poles, swung in the\nlead; Rudolph followed, bobbing in the springy rhythm of the long\nbamboos. The lanterns danced before them down an open road, past a few\nblank walls and dark buildings, and soon halted before a whitened front,\nwhere light gleamed from the upper story.\n\n\"Mind the stairs,\" called Heywood. \"Narrow and beastly dark.\"\n\nAs they stumbled up the steep flight, Rudolph heard the click of\nbilliard balls. A pair of hanging lamps lighted the room into which he\nrose,--a low, gloomy loft, devoid of comfort. At the nearer table, a\nweazened little man bent eagerly over a pictorial paper; at the farther,\nchalking their cues, stood two players, one a sturdy Englishman with a\ngray moustache, the other a lithe, graceful person, whose blue coat,\nsmart as an officer's, and swarthy but handsome face made him at a\nglance the most striking figure in the room. A little Chinese imp in\nwhite, who acted as marker, turned on the new-comers a face of\npreternatural cunning.\n\n\"Mr. Wutzler,\" said Heywood. The weazened reader rose in a nervous\nflutter, underwent his introduction to Rudolph with as much bashful\nagony as a school-girl, mumbled a few words in German, and instantly\ntook refuge in his tattered _Graphic_. The players, however, advanced in\na more friendly fashion. The Englishman, whose name Rudolph did not\ncatch, shook his hand heartily.\n\n\"Mr. Hackh is a welcome addition.\" He spoke with deliberate courtesy.\nSomething in his voice, the tired look in his frank blue eyes and\nserious face, at once engaged respect. \"For our sakes,\" he continued,\n\"we're glad to see you here. I am sure Doctor Chantel will agree\nwith me.\"\n\n\"Ah, indeed,\" said the man in military blue, with a courtier's bow.\nBoth air and accent were French. \"Most welcome.\"\n\n\"Let's all have a drink,\" cried Heywood. Despite his many glasses at\ndinner, he spoke with the alacrity of a new idea. \"O Boy, whiskey\n_Ho-lan suey, fai di_!\"\n\nAway bounded the boy marker like a tennis-ball.\n\n\"Hello, Wutzler's off already!\"--The little old reader had quietly\ndisappeared, leaving them a vacant table.--\"Isn't he weird?\" laughed\nHeywood, as they sat down. \"Comes and goes like a ghost.\"\n\n\"It is his Chinese wife,\" declared Chantel, preening his moustache. \"He\nis always ashame to meet the new persons.\"\n\n\"Poor old chap,\" said Heywood. \"I know--feels himself an outcast and all\nthat. Humph! With us! Quite unnecessary.\"--The Chinese page, quick,\nsolemn, and noiseless, glided round the table with his tray.--\"Ah, you\nyoung devil! You're another weird one, you atom. See those bead eyes\nwatching us, eh? A Gilpin Homer, you are, and some fine day we'll see\nyou go off in a flash of fire. If you don't poison us all first.--Well,\nhere's fortune!\"\n\n\"Your health, Mr. Hackh,\" amended the other Englishman.\n\nAs they set down their glasses, a strange cry sounded from below,--a\nstifled call, inarticulate, but in such a key of distress that all four\nfaced about, and listened intently.\n\n\"Kom down,\" called a hesitating voice, \"kom down and look-see.\"\n\nThey sprang to the stairs, and clattered downward. Dim radiance flooded\nthe landing, from the street door. Outside, a smoky lantern on the\nground revealed the lower levels.\n\nIn the wide sector of light stood Wutzler, shrinking and apologetic,\nlike a man caught in a fault, his wrinkled face eloquent of fear, his\ngesture eloquent of excuse. Round him, as round a conjurer, scores of\nlittle shadowy things moved in a huddling dance, fitfully hopping like\nsparrows over spilt grain. Where the light fell brightest these became\nplainer, their eyes shone in jeweled points of color.\n\n\"By Jove, Gilly, they are rats!\" said Heywood, in a voice curiously\nforced and matter-of-fact. \"Flounce killed several this afternoon,\nso my--\"\n\nNo one heeded him; all stared. The rats, like beings of incantation,\nstole about with an absence of fear, a disregard of man's presence, that\nwas odious and alarming.\n\n\"Earthquake?\" The elder Englishman spoke as though afraid of disturbing\nsome one.\n\nThe French doctor shook his head.\n\n\"No,\" he answered in the same tone. \"Look.\"\n\nThe rats, in all their weaving confusion, displayed one common impulse.\nThey sprang upward continually, with short, agonized leaps, like\ndrowning creatures struggling to keep afloat above some invisible flood.\nThe action, repeated multitudinously into the obscure background,\nexaggerated in the foreground by magnified shadows tossing and falling\non the white walls, suggested the influence of some evil stratum, some\nvapor subtle and diabolic, crawling poisonously along the ground.\n\nHeywood stamped angrily, without effect. Wutzler stood abject, a\nmagician impotent against his swarm of familiars. Gradually the rats,\nsilent and leaping, passed away into the darkness, as though they heard\nthe summons of a Pied Piper.\n\n\"It doesn't attack Europeans.\" Heywood still used that curious\ninflection.\n\n\"Then my brother Julien is still alive,\" retorted Doctor Chantel,\nbitterly.\n\n\"What do you think, Gilly?\" persisted Heywood.\n\nHis compatriot nodded in a meaningless way.\n\n\"The doctor's right, of course,\" he answered. \"I wish my wife weren't\ncoming back.\"\n\n\"Dey are a remember,\" ventured Wutzler, timidly. \"A warnung.\"\n\nThe others, as though it had been a point of custom, ignored him. All\nstared down, musing, at the vacant stones.\n\n\"Then the concert's off to-morrow night,\" mocked Heywood, with an\nunpleasant laugh.\n\n\"On the contrary.\" Gilly caught him up, prompt and decided. \"We shall\nneed all possible amusements; also to meet and plan our campaign.\nMeantime,--what do you say, Doctor?--chloride of lime in pots?\"\n\n\"That, evidently,\" smiled the handsome man. \"Yes, and charcoal burnt in\nbraziers, perhaps, as Pere Fenouil advises. Fumigate.\"--Satirical and\ndebonair, he shrugged his shoulders.--\"What use, among these thousands\nof yellow pigs?\"\n\n\"I wish she weren't coming,\" repeated Gilly.\n\nRudolph, left outside this conference, could bear the uncertainty no\nlonger.\n\n\"I am a new arrival,\" he confided to his young host. \"I do not\nunderstand. What is it?\"\n\n\"The plague, old chap,\" replied Heywood, curtly. \"These playful little\nanimals get first notice. You're not the only arrival to-night.\"\n\n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\n\nUNDER FIRE\n\nThe desert was sometimes Gobi, sometimes Sahara, but always an infinite\nstretch of sand that floated up and up in a stifling layer, like the\ntide. Rudolph, desperately choked, continued leaping upward against an\ninsufferable power of gravity, or straining to run against the force of\nparalysis. The desert rang with phantom voices,--Chinese voices that\nmocked him, chanting of pestilence, intoning abhorrently in French.\n\nHe woke to find a knot of bed-clothes smothering him. To his first\nunspeakable relief succeeded the astonishment of hearing the voices\ncontinue in shrill chorus, the tones Chinese, the words, in louder\nfragments, unmistakably French. They sounded close at hand, discordant\nmatins sung by a mob of angry children. Once or twice a weary, fretful\nvoice scolded feebly: \"Un-peu-de-s'lence! Un-peu-de-s'lence!\" Rudolph\nrose to peep through the heavy jalousies, but saw nothing more than\nsullen daylight, a flood of vertical rain, and thin rivulets coursing\ndown a tiled roof below. The morning was dismally cold.\n\n\"Jolivet's kids wake you?\" Heywood, in a blue kimono, nodded from the\ndoorway. \"Public nuisance, that school. Quite needless, too. Some bally\nFrench theory, you know, sphere of influence, and that rot. Game played\nout up here, long ago, but they keep hanging on.--Bath's ready, when you\nlike.\" He broke out laughing. \"Did you climb into the water-jar,\nyesterday, before dinner? Boy reports it upset. You'll find the dipper\nmore handy.--How did you ever manage? One leg at a time?\"\n\nEchoes of glee followed his disappearance. Rudolph, blushing, prepared\nto descend into the gloomy vault of ablution. Charcoal fumes, however,\nand the glow of a brazier on the dark floor below, not only revived all\nhis old terror, but at the stair-head halted him with a new.\n\n\"Is the water safe?\" he called.\n\nHeywood answered impatiently from his bedroom.\n\n\"Nothing safe in this world, Mr. Hackh. User's risk.\" An inaudible\nmutter ended with, \"Keep clean, anyway.\"\n\nAt breakfast, though the acrid smoke was an enveloping reminder, he made\nthe only reference to their situation.\n\n\"Rain at last: too late, though, to flush out the gutters. We needed it\na month ago.--I say, Hackh, if you don't mind, you might as well cheer\nup. From now on, it's pure heads and tails. We're all under fire\ntogether.\" Glancing out of window at the murky sky, he added\nthoughtfully, \"One excellent side to living without hope, maskee\nfashion: one isn't specially afraid. I'll take you to your office, and\nyou can make a start. Nothing else to do, is there?\"\n\nDripping bearers and shrouded chairs received them on the lower floor,\ncarried them out into a chill rain that drummed overhead and splashed\nalong the compound path in silver points. The sunken flags in the road\nformed a narrow aqueduct that wavered down a lane of mire. A few\ngrotesque wretches, thatched about with bamboo matting, like bottles, or\nlike rosebushes in winter, trotted past shouldering twin baskets. The\nsmell of joss-sticks, fish, and sour betel, the subtle sweetness of\nopium, grew constantly stronger, blended with exhalations of ancient\nrefuse, and (as the chairs jogged past the club, past filthy groups\n\n[...]\n\nfoolhardy? Be frank, now; for if you wouldn't really enjoy it, I'll give\nold Gilly Forrester his chance.\"\n\n\"No!\" said Rudolph, stung as by some perfidy. \"You make me--ashamed!\nThis is all ours, this part, so!\"\n\n\"Can do,\" laughed the other. \"Get off your jacket. Give me half a\nmoment start, so that you won't jump on my head.\" And he went wriggling\ndown into the pit.\n\nAn unwholesome smell of wet earth, a damp, subterranean coolness,\nenveloped Rudolph as he slid down a flue of greasy clay, and stooping,\ncrawled into the horizontal bore of the tunnel. Large enough, perhaps,\nfor two or three men to pass on all fours, it ran level, roughly cut,\nthrough earth wet with seepage from the river, but packed into a smooth\nfloor by many hands and bare knees. It widened suddenly before him. In\nthe small chamber of the mine, choked with the smell of stale betel, he\nbumped Heywood's elbow.\n\n\"Some Fragrant Ones have been working here, I should say.\" The speaker\npatted the ground with quick palms, groping. \"Phew! They've worked like\nsteam. This explains old Wutz, and his broken arrow. I say, Rudie, feel\nabout. I saw a coil of fuse lying somewhere.--At least, I thought it\nwas. Ah, never mind: have-got!\" He pulled something along the floor.\n\"How's the old forearm I gave you? I forgot that. Equal to hauling a\nsack out? Good! Catch hold, here.\"\n\nSweeping his hand in the darkness, he captured Rudolph's, and guided it\nto where a powder-bag lay.\n\n\"Now, then, carry on,\" he commanded; and crawling into the tunnel,\nflung back fragments of explanation as he tugged at his own load. \"Carry\nthese out--far as we dare--touch 'em off, you see, and block the\npassage. Far out as possible, though. We can use this hole afterward,\nfor listening in, if they try--\"\n\nHe cut the sentence short. Their tunnel had begun to gently\ndownward, with niches gouged here and there for the passing of\nburden-bearers. Rudolph, toiling after, suddenly found his head\nentangled between his leader's boots.\n\n\"Quiet,\" he heard him whisper. \"Somebody coming.\"\n\nAn instant later, the boots withdrew quickly. An odd little squeak of\nsurprise followed, a strange gurgling, and a succession of rapid shocks,\nas though some one were pummeling the earthen walls.\n\n\"Got the beggar,\" panted Heywood. \"Only one of 'em. Roll clear, Rudie,\nand let us pass. Collar his legs, if you can, and shove.\"\n\nSqueezing past Rudolph in his niche, there struggled a convulsive bulk,\nlike some monstrous worm, too large for the bore, yet writhing. Bare\nfeet kicked him in violent rebellion, and a muscular knee jarred\nsquarely under his chin. He caught a pair of naked legs, and hugged\nthem dearly.\n\n\"Not too hard,\" called Heywood, with a breathless laugh. \"Poor\ndevil--must think he ran foul of a genie.\"\n\nIndeed, their prisoner had already given up the conflict, and lay under\nthem with limbs dissolved and quaking.\n\n\"Pass him along,\" chuckled his captor. \"Make him go ahead of us.\"\n\nProdded into action, the man stirred limply, and crawled past them\ntoward the mine, while Heywood, at his heels, growled orders in the\nvernacular with a voice of dismal ferocity. In this order they gained\nthe shaft, and wriggled up like ferrets into the night air. Rudolph,\nstanding as in a well, heard a volley of questions and a few timid\nanswers, before the returning legs of his comrade warned him to dodge\nback into the tunnel.\n\nAgain the two men crept forward on their expedition; and this time the\nleader talked without lowering his voice.\n\n\"That chap,\" he declared, \"was fairly chattering with fright. Coolie, it\nseems, who came back to find his betel-box. The rest are all outside\neating their rice. We have a clear track.\"\n\nThey stumbled on their powder-sacks, caught hold, and dragged them, at\nfirst easily down the incline, then over a short level, then arduously\nup a rising grade, till the work grew heavy and hot, and breath came\nhard in the stifled burrow.\n\n\"Far enough,\" said Heywood, puffing. \"Pile yours here.\"\n\nRudolph, however, was not only drenched with sweat, but fired by a new\nspirit, a spirit of daring. He would try, down here in the bowels of the\nearth, to emulate his friend.\n\n\"But let us reconnoitre,\" he objected. \"It will bring us to the clay-pit\nwhere I saw them digging. Let us go out to the end, and look.\"\n\n\"Well said, old mole!\" Heywood snapped his fingers with delight. \"I\nnever thought of that.\" By his tone, he was proud of the amendment.\n\"Come on, by all means. I say, I didn't really--I didn't _want_ poor old\nGilly down here, you know.\"\n\nThey crawled on, with more speed but no less caution, up the strait\nlittle gallery, which now rose between smooth, soft walls of clay.\nSuddenly, as the incline once more became a level, they saw a glimmering\nsquare of dusky red, like the fluttering of a weak flame through scarlet\ncloth. This, while they shuffled toward it, grew higher and broader,\nuntil they lay prone in the very door of the hill,--a large, square-cut\nportal, deeply overhung by the edge of the clay-pit, and flanked with\nwhat seemed a bulkhead of sand-bags piled in orderly tiers. Between\nshadowy mounds of loose earth flickered the light of a fire, small and\ndistant, round which wavered the inky silhouettes of men, and beyond\nwhich dimly shone a yellow face or two, a yellow fist clutched full of\nboiled rice like a snowball. Beyond these, in turn, gleamed other little\nfires, where other coolies were squatting at their supper.\n\n\"Rudie, look!\" Heywood's voice trembled with joyful excitement. \"Look,\nthese bags; not sand-bags at all! It's powder, old chap, powder! Their\nwhole supply. Wait a bit--oh, by Jove, wait a bit!\"\n\nHe scurried back into the hill like a great rat, returned as quickly and\nswiftly, and with eager hands began to uncoil something on the clay\nthreshold.\n\n\"Do you know enough to time a fuse?\" he whispered. \"Neither do I.\nPowder's bad, anyhow. We must guess at it. Here, quick, lend me a\nknife.\" He slashed open one of the lower sacks in the bulkhead by the\ndoor, stuffed in some kind of twisted cord, and, edging away, sat for an\ninstant with his knife-blade gleaming in the ruddy twilight. \"How long,\nRudie, how long?\" He smothered a groan. \"Too long, or too short, spoils\neverything. Oh, well--here goes.\"\n\nThe blade moved.\n\n\"Now lie across,\" he ordered, \"and shield the tandstickor.\" With a\nsudden fuff, the match blazed up to show his gray eyes bright and\ndancing, his face glossy with sweat; below, on the golden clay, the\ntwisted, lumpy tail of the fuse, like the end of a dusty vine. Darkness\nfollowed, quick and blinding. A rosy, fitful coal sputtered, darting out\nshort capillary lines and needles of fire.\n\n\"Cut sticks--go like the devil! If it blows up, and caves the earth on\nus--\" Heywood ran on hands and knees, as if that were his natural way of\ngoing. Rudolph scrambled after, now urged by an ecstasy of apprehension,\nnow clogged as by the weight of all the hill above them. If it should\nfall now, he thought, or now; and thus measuring as he crawled, found\nthe tunnel endless.\n\nWhen at last, however, they gained the bottom of the shaft, and were\nhoisted out among their coolies on the shelving mound, the evening\nstillness lay above and about them, undisturbed. The fuse could never\nhave lasted all these minutes. Their whole enterprise was but labor\nlost. They listened, breathing short. No sound came.\n\n\"Gone out,\" said Heywood, gloomily. \"Or else they saw it.\"\n\nHe climbed the bamboo scaffold, and stood looking over the wall. Rudolph\nperched beside him,--by the same anxious, futile instinct of curiosity,\nfor they could see nothing but the night and the burning stars.\n\n\"Gone out. Underground again, Rudie, and try our first plan.\" Heywood\nturned to leap down. \"The Sword-Pen looks to set off his mine\nto-morrow morning.\"\n\nHe clutched the wall in time to save himself, as the bamboo frame leapt\nunderfoot. Outside, the crest of the ran black against a single\nburst of flame. The detonation came like the blow of a mallet on\nthe ribs.\n\n\"Let him look! Let him look!\" Heywood jumped to the ground, and in a\npelting shower of clods, exulted:--\n\n\n\"He looked again, and saw it was\nThe middle of next week!\"\n\n\n\"Come on, brother mole. Spread the news!\"\n\nHe ran off, laughing, in the wide hush of astonishment.\n\n\n\nCHAPTER XX\n\n\nTHE HAKKA BOAT\n\n\"Pretty fair,\" Captain Kneebone said. \"But that ain't the end.\"\n\nThis grudging praise--in which, moreover, Heywood tamely acquiesced--was\nhis only comment. On Rudolph it had singular effects: at first filling\nhim with resentment, and almost making him suspect the little captain of\njealousy; then amusing him, as chance words of no weight; but in the\nunreal days that followed, recurring to convince him with all the force\nof prompt and subtle fore-knowledge. It helped him to learn the cold,\nsalutary lesson, that one exploit does not make a victory.\n\nThe springing of their countermine, he found, was no deliverance. It had\ntwo plain results, and no more: the crest of the high field, without,\nhad changed its contour next morning as though a monster had bitten it;\nand when the day had burnt itself out in sullen darkness, there burst on\nall sides an attack of prolonged and furious exasperation. The fusillade\nnow came not only from the landward sides, but from a long flotilla of\nboats in the river; and although these vanished at dawn, the fire never\nslackened, either from above the field, or from a distant wall, newly\nspotted with loopholes, beyond the ashes of the go-down. On the night\nfollowing, the boats crept closer, and suddenly both gates resounded\nwith the blows of battering-rams. These and later assaults were beaten\noff. By daylight, the nunnery walls were pitted as with small-pox; yet\nthe little company remained untouched, except for Teppich, whose shaven\nhead was trimmed still closer and redder by a bullet, and for Gilbert\nForrester, who showed--with the grave smile of a man when fates are\nplayful--two shots through his loose jacket.\n\nHe was the only man to smile; for the others, parched by days and\nsweltered by nights of battle, questioned each other with hollow eyes\nand sleepy voices. One at a time, in patches of hot shade, they lay\ntumbled for a moment of oblivion, their backs studded thickly with\nobstinate flies like the driven heads of nails. As thickly, in the dust,\nempty Mauser cartridges lay glistening.\n\n\"And I bought food,\" mourned the captain, chafing the untidy stubble on\nhis cheeks, and staring gloomily down at the worthless brass. \"I bought\nchow, when all Saigong was full o' cartridges!\"\n\nThe sight of the spent ammunition at their feet gave them more trouble\nthan the swarming flies, or the heat, or the noises tearing and\nsplitting the heat. Even Heywood went about with a hang-dog air,\nspeaking few words, and those more and more surly. Once he laughed, when\nat broad noonday a line of queer heads popped up from the earthwork on\nthe knoll, and stuck there, tilted at odd angles, as though peering\nquizzically. Both his laugh, however, and his one stare of scrutiny were\nfilled with a savage contempt,--contempt not only for the stratagem, but\nfor himself, the situation, all things.\n\n\"Dummies--lay figures, to draw our fire. What a childish trick! Maskee!\"\nhe added, wearily \"we couldn't waste a shot at 'em now even if they\nwere real.\"\n\nHis grimy hearers nodded mechanically. They knew, without being told,\nthat they should fire no more until at close quarters in some\nfinal rush.\n\n\"Only a few more rounds apiece,\" he continued. \"Our friends outside must\nhave run nearly as short, according to the coolie we took prisoner in\nthe tunnel. But they'll get more supplies, he says, in a day or two.\nWhat's worse, his Generalissimo Fang expects big reinforcement, any day,\nfrom up country. He told me that a moment ago.\"\n\n\"Perhaps he's lying,\" said Captain Kneebone, drowsily.\n\n\"Wish he were,\" snapped Heywood. \"No such luck. Too stupid.\"\n\n\"That case,\" grumbled the captain, \"we'd better signal your Hakka boat,\nand clear out.\"\n\nAgain their hollow eyes questioned each other in discouragement. It was\nplain that he had spoken their general thought; but they were all too\nhot and sleepy to debate even a point of safety. Thus, in stupor or\ndoubt, they watched another afternoon burn low by invisible degrees,\nlike a great fire dying. Another breathless evening settled over all--at\nfirst with a dusty, copper light, widespread, as though sky and land\nwere seen through smoked glass; another dusk, of deep, sad blue; and\nwhen this had given place to night, another mysterious lull.\n\nMidnight drew on, and no further change had come. Prowlers, made bold by\nthe long silence in the nunnery, came and went under the very walls of\nthe compound. In the court, beside a candle, Ah Pat the compradore sat\nwith a bundle of halberds and a whetstone, sharpening edge after edge,\nplacidly, against the time when there should be no more cartridges.\nHeywood and Rudolph stood near the water gate, and argued with Gilbert\nForrester, who would not quit his post for either of them.\n\n\"But I'm not sleepy,\" he repeated, with perverse, irritating serenity.\n\"I'm not, I assure you. And that river full of their boats?--Go away.\"\n\nWhile they reasoned and wrangled, something scraped the edge of the\nwall. They could barely detect a small, stealthy movement above them, as\nif a man, climbing, had lifted his head over the top. Suddenly, beside\nit, flared a surprising torch, rags burning greasily at the end of a\nlong bamboo. The smoky, dripping flame showed no man there, but only\nanother long bamboo, impaling what might be another ball of rags. The\ntwo poles swayed, inclined toward each other; for one incredible instant\nthe ball, beside its glowing fellow, shone pale and took on human\nfeatures. Black shadows filled the eye-sockets, and gave to the face an\nuncertain, cavernous look, as though it saw and pondered.\n\nHow long the apparition stayed, the three men could not tell; for even\nafter it vanished, and the torch fell hissing in the river, they stood\nbelow the wall, dumb and sick, knowing only that they had seen the head\nof Wutzler.\n\nHeywood was the first to make a sound--a broken, hypnotic sound, without\nemphasis or inflection, as though his lips were frozen, or the words\ntorn from him by ventriloquy.\n\n\"We must get the women--out of here.\"\n\nAfterward, when he was no longer with them, his two friends recalled\nthat he never spoke again that night, but came and went in a kind of\nsilent rage, ordering coolies by dumb-show, and carrying armful after\narmful of supplies to the water gate. He would neither pause nor answer.\n\nThe word passed, or a listless, tacit understanding, that every one must\nhold himself ready to go aboard so soon after daylight as the hostile\nboats should leave the river. \"If,\" said Gilly to Rudolph, while they\nstood thinking under the stars, \"if his boat is still there, now that\nhe--after what we saw.\"\n\nAt dawn they could see the ragged flotilla of sampans stealing up-river\non the early flood; but of the masts that huddled in vapors by the\nfarther bank, they had no certainty until sunrise, when the green rag\nand the rice-measure appeared still dangling above the Hakka boat.\n\nEven then it was not certain--as Captain Kneebone sourly pointed\nout--that her sailors would keep their agreement. And when he had piled,\non the river-steps, the dry wood for their signal fire, a new difficulty\nrose. One of the wounded converts was up, and hobbling with a stick; but\nthe other would never be ferried down any stream known to man. He lay\ndying, and the padre could not leave him.\n\nAll the others waited, ready and anxious; but no one grumbled because\ndeath, never punctual, now kept them waiting. The flutter of birds,\namong the orange trees, gradually ceased; the sun came slanting over\nthe eastern wall; the gray floor of the compound turned white and\nblurred through the dancing heat. A torrid westerly breeze came\nfitfully, rose, died away, rose again, and made Captain Kneebone curse.\n\n\"A fair wind lost,\" he muttered. \"Next we'll lose the ebb, too, be\n'anged.\"\n\nNoon passed, and mid-afternoon, before the padre came out from the\ncourtyard, covering his white head with his ungainly helmet.\n\n\"We may go now,\" he said gravely, \"in a few minutes.\"\n\nNo more were needed, for the loose clods in the old shaft of their\ncounter-mine were quickly handled, and the necessary words soon uttered.\nCaptain Kneebone had slipped out through the water gate, beforehand, and\nlighted the fire on the steps. But not one of the burial party turned\nhis head, to watch the success or failure of their signal, so long as\nthe padre's resonant bass continued.\n\nWhen it ceased, however, they returned quickly through the little grove.\nThe captain opened the great gate, and looked out eagerly, craning to\nsee through the smoke that poured into his face.\n\n\"The wasters!\" he cried bitterly. \"She's gone.\"\n\nThe Hakka boat had, indeed, vanished from her moorings. On the bronze\ncurrent, nothing moved but three fishing-boats drifting down, with the\nsmoke, toward the marsh and the bend of the river, and a small junk that\ntoiled up against wind and tide, a cluster of naked sailors tugging and\nshoving at her heavy sweep, which chafed its rigging of dry rope, and\ngave out a high, complaining note like the cry of a sea-gull.\n\n\"She's gone,\" repeated Captain Kneebone. \"No boat for us.\"\n\nBut the compradore, dragging his bundle of sharp halberds, poked an\ninquisitive head out past the captain's, and peered on all sides through\nthe smoke, with comical thoroughness. He dodged back, grinning and\nducking amiably.\n\n\"Moh bettah look-see,\" he chuckled; \"dat coolie come-back, he too muchee\nwaitee, b'long one piecee foolo-man.\"\n\nHe was wrong. Whoever handled the Hakka boat was no fool, but by working\nupstream on the opposite shore, crossing above, and dropping down with\nthe ebb, had craftily brought her along the shallow, so close beneath\nthe river-wall, that not till now did even the little captain spy her.\nThe high prow, the mast, now bare, and her round midships roof, bright\ngolden-thatched with leaves of the edible bamboo, came moving quiet as\nsome enchanted boat in a calm. The fugitives by the gate still thought\nthemselves abandoned, when her beak, six feet in air, stole past them,\nand her lean boatmen, prodding the river-bed with their poles, stopped\nher as easily as a gondola. The yellow steersman grinned, straining at\nthe pivot of his gigantic paddle.\n\n\"Good boy, lowdah!\" called Kneebone. \"Remember _you_ in my will, too!\"\nAnd the grinning lowdah nodded, as though he understood.\n\nThey had now only to pitch their supplies through the smoke, down on the\nloose boards of her deck. Then--Rudolph and the captain kicking the\nbonfire off the stairs--the whole company hurried down and safely over\nher gunwale: first the two women, then the few huddling converts, the\nwhite men next, the compradore still hugging his pole-axes, and last of\nall, Heywood, still in strange apathy, with haggard face and downcast\neyes. He stumbled aboard as though drunk, his rifle askew under one arm,\nand in the crook of the other, Flounce, the fox-terrier, dangling,\nnervous and wide awake.\n\nHe looked to neither right nor left, met nobody's eye. The rest of the\ncompany crowded into the house amidships, and flung themselves down\nwearily in the grateful dusk, where vivid paintings and mysteries of\nrude carving writhed on the fir bulkheads. But Heywood, with his dog and\nthe captain and Rudolph, sat in the hot sun, staring down at the\nramshackle deck, through the gaps in which rose all the stinks of the\nsweating hold.\n\nThe boatmen climbed the high slant of the bow, planted their stout\nbamboos against their shoulders, and came slowly down, head first, like\nstraining acrobats. As slowly, the boat began to glide past the stairs.\n\nThus far, though the fire lay scattered in the mud, the smoke drifted\nstill before them and obscured their silent, headlong transaction. Now,\nthinning as they dropped below the corner of the wall, it left them\nnaked to their enemies on the knoll. At the same instant, from the marsh\nahead, the sentinel in the round hat sprang up again, like an\ninstantaneous mushroom. He shouted, and waved to his fellows inland.\n\nThey had no time, however, to leave the high ground; for the whole\nchance of the adventure took a sudden and amazing turn.\n\nHeywood sprang out of his stupor, and stood pointing.\n\n\"Look there!\" he snarled. \"Those--oh!\"\n\nHe ended with a groan. The face of his friend, by torchlight above the\nwall, had struck him dumb. Now that he spoke, his companions saw,\nexposed in the field to the view of the nunnery, a white body lying on a\nframework as on a bier. Near the foot stood a rough sort of windlass.\nAbove, on the crest of the field, where a band of men had begun to\nscramble at the sentinel's halloo, there sat on a white pony the\nbright-robed figure of the tall fanatic, Fang the Sword-Pen.\n\n\"He did it!\" Heywood's hands opened and shut rapidly, like things out of\ncontrol. \"Oh, Wutz, how did they--Saint Somebody--the martyrdom--\nPoussin's picture in the Vatican.--I can't stand this, you chaps!\"\n\nHe snatched blindly at his gun, caught instead one of the compradore's\nhalberds, and without pause or warning, jumped out into the shallow\nwater. He ran splashing toward the bank, turned, and seemed to waver,\nstaring with wild eyes at the strange Tudor weapon in his hand. Then\nshaking it savagely,--\n\n\"This will do!\" he cried. \"Good-by, everybody. Good-by!\"\n\nHe wheeled again, staggered to his feet on dry ground, and ran swiftly\nalong the eastern wall, up the rising field, straight toward his mark.\n\nOf the men on the knoll, a few fired and missed, the others, neutrals to\ntheir will, stood fixed in wonder. Four or five, as the runner neared,\nsprang out to intercept, but flew apart like ninepins. The watchers in\nthe boat saw the halberd flash high in the late afternoon sun, the\nfrightened pony swerve, and his rider go down with the one sweep of that\nHomeric blow.\n\nThe last they saw of Heywood, he went leaping from sight over the\ncrest, that swarmed with figures racing and stumbling after.\n\nThe unheeded sentinel in the marsh fled, losing his great hat, as the\nboat drifted round the point into midstream.\n\n\n\nCHAPTER XXI\n\n\nTHE DRAGON'S SHADOW\n\nThe lowdah would have set his dirty sails without delay, for the fair\nwind was already drooping; but at the first motion he found himself\ndeposed, and a usurper in command, at the big steering-paddle. Captain\nKneebone, his cheeks white and suddenly old beneath the untidy stubble\nof his beard, had taken charge. In momentary danger of being cut off\ndownstream, or overtaken from above, he kept the boat waiting along the\noozy shore. Puckering his eyes, he watched now the land, and now the\nriver, silent, furtive, and keenly perplexed, his head on a swivel, as\nthough he steered by some nightmare chart, or expected some instant and\ntransforming sight.\n\nNot until the sun touched the western hills, and long shadows from the\nbank stole out and turned the stream from bright copper to vague\niron-gray, did he give over his watch. He left the tiller, with a\nhopeless fling of the arm.\n\n\"Do as ye please,\" he growled, and cast himself down on deck by the\nthatched house. \"Go on.--I'll never see _him_ again.--The heat, and\nall--By the head, he was--Go on. That's all. Finish.\"\n\nHe sat looking straight before him, with dull eyes that never moved;\nnor did he stir at the dry rustle and scrape of the matting sail, slowly\nhoisted above him. The quaggy banks, now darkening, slid more rapidly\nastern; while the steersman and his mates in the high bow invoked the\nwind with alternate chant, plaintive, mysterious, and half musical:--\n\n\n\"Ay-ly-chy-ly\nAh-ha-aah!\"\n\n\nTo the listeners, huddled in silence, the familiar cry became a long,\nmonotonous accompaniment to sad thoughts. Through the rhythm, presently,\nbroke a sound of small-arms,--a few shots, quick but softened by\ndistance, from far inland. The stillness of evening followed.\n\nThe captain stirred, listened, dropped his head, and sat like stone. To\nRudolph, near him, the brief disturbance called up another evening--his\nfirst on this same river, when from the grassy brink, above, he had\nfirst heard of his friend. Now, at the same place, and by the same\nlight, they had heard the last. It was intolerable: he turned his back\non the captain. Inside, in the gloom of the painted cabin, the padre's\nwife began suddenly to cry. After a time, the deep voice of her husband,\nspeaking very low, and to her alone, became dimly audible:--\n\n\"'All this is come upon us; yet have we not--Our heart is not turned\nback, neither have our steps declined--Though thou hast sore broken us\nin the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death.'\"\n\nThe little captain groaned, and rolled aside from the doorway.\n\n\"All very fine,\" he muttered, his head wrapped in his arms. \"But that's\nno good to me. I can't stand it.\"\n\nWhether she heard him, or by chance, Miss Drake came quietly from\nwithin, and found a place between him and the gunwale. He did not rouse;\nshe neither glanced nor spoke, but leaned against the ribs of\nsmooth-worn fir, as though calmly waiting.\n\nWhen at last he looked up, to see her face and posture, he gave an angry\nstart.\n\n\"And I thought,\" he blurted, \"be 'anged if sometimes I didn't think you\nliked him!\"\n\nHer dark eyes met the captain's with a great and steadfast clearness.\n\n\"No,\" she whispered; \"it was more than that.\"\n\nThe captain sat bolt upright, but no longer in condemnation. For a long\ntime he watched her, marveling; and when finally he spoke, his sharp,\ndomineering voice was lowered, almost gentle.\n\n\"Always talked too much,\" he said. \"Don't mind me, my dear. I never\nmeant--Don't ye mind a rough old beggar, that don't know that hasn't one\nthing more between him and the grave. Not a thing--but money. And that,\nnow--I wish't was at the bottom o' this bloomin' river!\"\n\nThey said no more, but rested side by side, like old friends joined\ncloser by new grief. Flounce, the terrier, snuffing disconsolately about\nthe deck, and scratching the boards in her zeal to explore the shallow\nhold, at last grew weary, and came to snuggle down between the two\nsilent companions. Not till then did the girl turn aside her face, as\nthough studying the shore, which now melted in a soft, half-liquid band\nas black as coal-tar, above the luminous indigo of the river.\n\nSuddenly Rudolph got upon his feet, and craning outboard from gunwale\nand thatched eaves, looked steadily forward into the dusk. A chatter of\nangry voices came stealing up, in the pauses of the wind. He watched and\nlistened, then quickly drew in his head.\n\n\"Sit quiet,\" he said. \"A boat full of men. I do not like their looks.\"\n\nTwo or three of the voices hailed together, raucously. The steersman,\nleaning on the loom of his paddle, made neither stir nor answer. They\nhailed again, this time close aboard, and as it seemed, in rage.\nGlancing contemptuously to starboard, the lowdah made some negligent\nreply, about a cargo of human hair. His indifference appeared so real,\nthat for a moment Rudolph suspected him: perhaps he had been bought\nover, and this meeting arranged. The thought, however, was unjust. The\nvoices began to drop astern, and to come in louder confusion with\nthe breeze.\n\nBut at this point Flounce, the terrier, spoiled all by whipping up\nbeside the lowdah, and furiously barking. Hers was no pariah's yelp: she\nbarked with spirit, in the King's English.\n\nFor answer, there came a shout, a sharp report, and a bullet that ripped\nthrough the matting sail. The steersman ducked, but clung bravely to his\npaddle. Men tumbled out from the cabin, rifles in hand, to join Rudolph\nand the captain.\n\nAstern, dangerously near, they saw the hostile craft, small, but listed\nheavily with crowding ruffians, packed so close that their great wicker\nhats hung along the gunwale to save room, and shone dim in the obscurity\nlike golden shields of vikings. A squat, burly fellow, shouting, jammed\nthe yulow hard to bring her about.\n\n\"Save your fire,\" called Captain Kneebone. \"No shots to waste. Sit\ntight.\"\n\nAs he spoke, however, an active form bounced up beside the squat man at\nthe sweep,--a plump, muscular little barefoot woman in blue. She tore\nthe fellow's hands away, and took command, keeping the boat's nose\npointed up-river, and squalling ferocious orders to all on board.\n\n\"The Pretty Lily!\" cried Rudolph. This small, nimble, capable creature\ncould be no one but Mrs. Wu, their friend and gossip of that morning,\nlong ago....\n\nThe squat man gave an angry shout, and turned on her to wrest away the\nhandle. He failed, at once and for all. With great violence, yet with a\nneat economy of motion, the Pretty Lily took one hand from her tiller,\nlong enough to topple him overboard with a sounding splash.\n\nHer passengers, at so prompt and visual a joke, burst into shrill,\ncackling laughter. Yet more shrill, before their mood could alter, the\nPretty Lily scourged them with the tongue of a humorous woman. She held\nher course, moreover; the two boats drifted so quickly apart that when\nshe turned, to fling a comic farewell after the white men, they could no\nmore than descry her face, alert and comely, and the whiteness of her\nteeth. Her laughing cry still rang, the overthrown leader still\nfloundered in the water, when the picture blurred and vanished. Down the\nwind came her words, high, voluble, quelling all further mutiny aboard\nthat craft of hers.\n\n\"We owe this to you.\" The tall padre eyed Rudolph with sudden interest,\nand laid his big hand on the young man's shoulder. \"Did you catch what\nshe said? You made a good friend there.\"\n\n\"No,\" answered Rudolph, and shook his head, sadly. \"We owe that to--some\none else.\"\n\nLater, while they drifted down to meet the sea and the night, he told\nthe story, to which all listened with profound attention, wondering at\nthe turns of fortune, and at this last service, rendered by a friend\nthey should see no more.\n\nThey murmured awhile, by twos and threes huddled in corners; then lay\nsilent, exhausted in body and spirit. The river melted with the shore\ninto a common blackness, faintly hovered over by the hot, brown, sullen\nevening. Unchallenged, the Hakka boat flitted past the lights of a\nwar-junk, so close that the curved lantern-ribs flickered thin and sharp\nagainst a smoky gleam, and tawny faces wavered, thick of lip and stolid\nof eye, round the supper fire. A greasy, bitter smell of cooking floated\nafter. Then no change or break in the darkness, except a dim lantern or\ntwo creeping low in a sampan, with a fragment of talk from unseen\npassers; until, as the stars multiplied overhead, the night of the land\nrolled heavily astern and away from another, wider night, the stink of\nthe marshes failed, and by a blind sense of greater buoyancy and\nsea-room, the voyagers knew that they had gained the roadstead. Ahead,\nfar off and lustrous, a new field of stars hung scarce higher than\ntheir gunwale, above the rim of the world.\n\nThe lowdah showed no light; and presently none was needed, for--as the\nshallows gave place to deeps--the ocean boiled with the hoary,\ngreen-gold magic of phosphorus, that heaved alongside in soft explosions\nof witch-fire, and sent uncertain smoky tremors playing through the\ndarkness on deck. Rudolph, watching this tropic miracle, could make out\nthe white figure of the captain, asleep near by, under the faint\nsemicircle of the deck-house; and across from him, Miss Drake, still\nsitting upright, as though waiting, with Flounce at her side. Landward,\nagainst the last sage-green vapor of daylight, ran the dim range of the\nhills, in long undulations broken by sharper crests, like the finny back\nof leviathan basking.\n\nOver there, thought Rudolph, beyond that black shape as beyond its\nguarding dragon, lay the whole mysterious and peaceful empire, with\nuncounted lives going on, ending, beginning, as though he, and his sore\nloss, and his heart vacant of all but grief, belonged to some\nunheard-of, alien process, to Nature's most unworthy trifling. This\nboatload of men and women--so huge a part of his own experience--was\nlike the tiniest barnacle chafed from the side of that dark,\nserene monster.\n\nRudolph stared long at the hills, and as they faded, hung his head.\nFrom that dragon he had learned much; yet now all learning was but loss.\n\nOf a sudden the girl spoke, in a clear yet guarded voice, too low to\nreach the sleepers.\n\n\"What are you thinking of?\" she said. \"Come tell me. It will be good for\nboth of us.\"\n\nRudolph crossed silently, and stood leaning on the gunwale beside her.\n\n\"I thought only,\" he answered, \"how much the hills looked so--as a\ndragon.\"\n\n\"How strange.\" The trembling phosphorus half-revealed her face, pale and\nstill. \"I was thinking of that, in a way. It reminded me of what he\nsaid, once--when we were walking together.\"\n\nTo their great relief, they found themselves talking of Heywood, sadly,\nbut freely, and as it were in a sudden calm. Their friendship seemed,\nfor the moment, a thing as long established as the dragon hills. Years\nafterward, Rudolph recalled her words, plainer than the fiery wonder\nthat spread and burst round their little vessel, or the long play of\nheat-lightning which now, from time to time, wavered instantly along the\neastern sea-line.\n\n\"You are right,\" she declared once. \"To go on with life, even when we\nare alone--You will go on, I know. Bravely.\" And again she said: \"Yes,\nsuch men as he are--a sort of Happy Warrior.\" And later, in her slow and\nlevel voice: \"You learned something, you say. Isn't that--what I\ncall--being invulnerable? When a man's greater than anything that\nhappens to him--\"\n\nSo they talked, their speech bare and simple, but the pauses and longer\nsilences filled with deep understanding, solemnized by the time and the\nplace, as though their two lonely spirits caught wisdom from the night,\nscope from the silent ocean, light from the flickering East.\n\nThe flashes, meanwhile, came faster and prolonged their glory, running\nbehind a thin, dead screen of scalloped clouds, piercing the tropic sky\nwith summer blue, and ripping out the lost horizon like a long black\nfibre from pulp. The two friends watched in silence, when Rudolph rose,\nand moved cautiously aft.\n\n\"Good-night,\" he whispered. \"You must sleep now.\"\n\nThat was not, however, the reason. So long as the boiling witch-fire\nturned their wake to golden vapor, he could not be sure; but whenever\nthe heat-lightning ran, and through the sere, phantasmal sail, the\nlookout in the bow flashed like a sharp silhouette through wire\ngauze,--then it seemed to Rudolph that another small black shape leapt\nout astern, and vanished. He stood by the lowdah, watching anxiously.\n\nTime and again the ocean flickered into view, like the floor of a\nmeasureless cavern; and still he could not tell. But at last the lowdah\nalso turned his head, and murmured. Their boat creaked monotonously,\ndrifting to leeward in a riot of golden mist; yet now another creaking\ndisturbed the night, in a different cadence. Another boat followed them,\nrowing fast and gaining. In a brighter flash, her black sail fluttered,\nunmistakable.\n\nRudolph reached for his gun, but waited silently. He would not call out.\nSome chance fisherman, it might be, or any small craft holding the same\ncourse along the coast. Still, he did not like the hurry of the sweeps,\nwhich presently groaned louder and threw up nebulous fire. The\nstranger's bow became an arrowhead of running gold.\n\nAnd here was Flounce, ready to misbehave once more. Before he could\ncatch her, the small white body of the terrier whipped by him, and past\nthe steersman. This time, however, as though cowed, she began to\nwhimper, and then maintained a long, trembling whine.\n\nBeside Rudolph, the compradore's head bobbed up.\n\n\"Allo same she mastah come.\" And in his native tongue, Ah Pat grumbled\nsomething about ghosts.\n\nA harsh voice hailed, from the boat astern; the lowdah answered; and so\nrapidly slid the deceptive glimmer of her bow, that before Rudolph knew\nwhether to wake his friends, or could recover, next, from the shock and\necstasy of unbelief, a tall white figure jumped or swarmed over\nthe side.\n\n\"By Jove, my dream!\" sounded the voice of Heywood, gravely. With fingers\nthat dripped gold, he tried to pat the bounding terrier. She flew up at\nhim, and tumbled back, in the liveliest danger of falling overboard.\n\"Old girl,--my dream!\"\n\nThe figure rose.\n\n\"Hallo, Rudie.\" In a daze, Rudolph gripped the wet and shining hands,\nand heard the same quiet voice: \"Rest all asleep, I suppose? Don't wake\n'em. To-morrow will do.--Have you any money on you? Toss that\nfisherman--whatever you think I'm worth. He really rowed like steam,\nyou know.\"\n\nRudolph flung his purse into the other boat. When he turned, this man\nrestored from the sea had disappeared. But he had only stolen forward,\ndog in arms, to sit beside Miss Drake. So quietly had all happened, that\nnone of the sleepers, not even the captain, was aware. Rudolph drew near\nthe two murmuring voices.\n\n\"--Couldn't help it, honestly,\" said Heywood. \"Can't describe, or\nexplain. Just something--went black inside my head, you know.\" He\npaused. \"No: don't recall seeing a thing, really, until I pitched away\nthe--what happened to be in my hands. A blank, all that. Losing your\nhead, I suppose they call it. Most extraordinary.\"\n\nThe girl's question recalled him from his puzzle.\n\n\"Do? Oh!\" He disposed of the subject easily. \"I ran, that's all.--Oh,\nyes, but I ran faster.--Not half so many as you'd suppose. Most of 'em\nwere away, burning your hospital. Saw the smoke, as I ran. All gone but\na handful. Hence those stuffed hats, Rudie, in the trench.--Only three\nof the lot could run. I merely scuttled into the next bamboo, and kept\non scuttling. No: they weren't half loaded. Oh, yes, arrow in the\nshoulder--scratch. Of course, when it came dark, I stopped running, and\nmade for the nearest fisherman. That's all.\"\n\n\"But,\" protested Rudolph, wondering, \"we heard shots.\"\n\n\"Yes, I had my Webley in my belt. Fortunately. I _told_ you: three of\nthem could run.\" The speaker patted the terrier in his lap. \"My dream,\neh, little dog? You _were_ the only one to know.\"\n\n\"No,\" said the girl: \"I knew--all the time, that--\"\n\nWhatever she meant, Rudolph could only guess; but it was true, he\nthought, that she had never once spoken as though the present meeting\nwere not possible, here or somewhere. Recalling this, he suddenly but\nquietly stepped away aft, to sit beside the steersman, and smile in\nthe darkness.\n\nThe two voices flowed on. He did not listen, but watched the phosphorus\nwelling soft and turbulent in the wake, and far off, in glimpses of the\ntropic light, the great Dragon weltering on the face of the waters. The\nshape glimmered forth, died away, like a prodigy. How ran the verse?\n\n\n\"Ich lieg' und besitze.\nLass mich schlafen.\"\n\n\n\"And yet,\" thought the young man, \"I have one pearl from his hoard.\"\nThat girl was right: like Siegfried tempered in the grisly flood, the\nraw boy was turning into a man, seasoned and invulnerable.\n\nHeywood was calling to him:--\n\n\"You must go Home with us. Do you hear? I've made a wonderful plan--with\nthe captain's fortune! Dear old Kneebone.\"\n\nA small white heap across the deck began to rise.\n\n\"How often,\" complained a voice blurred with sleep, \"how often must I\ntell ye--wake me, unless the ship--chart's all--Good God!\"\n\nAt the captain's cry, those who lay in darkness under the thatched roof\nbegan to mutter, to rise, and grope out into the trembling light, with\nsleepy cries of joy.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Dragon's blood, by Henry Milner Rideout\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Dragon's-blood-by-Henry-Milner-Rideout", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1909, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10321"} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by Carlo Traverso, Tom Allen and the Online\nDistributed Proofreading Team from images generously made available\nby the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at\nhttp://gallica.bnf.fr.\n\n\n\n\n\n[Illustration]\n\nTRAVELS IN MOROCCO,\n\nBY THE LATE JAMES RICHARDSON,\n\nAUTHOR OF \"A MISSION TO CENTRAL AFRICA,\"\n\"TRAVELS IN THE DESERT OF SAHARA,\" &C.\n\nEDITED BY HIS WIDOW.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nIN TWO VOLUMES.\n\nVOL. II.\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.\n\n\nCHAPTER I.\n\nThe Mogador Jewesses.--Disputes between the Jew and the Moor.--Melancholy\nScenes.--The Jews of the Atlas.--Their Religion.--Beautiful Women.--The\nFour Wives.--Statues discovered.--Discrepancy of age of married people.--\nYoung and frail fair ones.--Superstition respecting Salt.--White\nBrandy.--Ludicrous Anecdote.\n\nCHAPTER II.\n\nThe Maroquine dynasties.--Family of the Shereefian Monarchs.--Personal\nappearances and character of Muley Abd Errahman.--Refutation of the\ncharge of human sacrifices against the Moorish Princes.--Genealogy of\nthe reigning dynasty of Morocco.--The tyraufc Yezeed, (half\nIrish).--Muley Suleiman, the \"The Shereeff of Shereefs.\"--Diplomatic\nrelations of the Emperor of Morocco with European Powers.--Muley Ismael\nenamoured with the French Princess de Conti.--Rival diplomacy of France\nand England near the Maroquine Court.--Mr. Hay's correspondence with\nthis Court on the Slave-trade.--Treaties between Great Britain and\nMorocco; how defective and requiring amendment.--Unwritten engagements.\n\nCHAPTER III.\n\nThe two different aspects by which the strength and resources of the\nEmpire of Morocco may be viewed or estimated.--Native appellation of\nMorocco.--Geographical limits of this country.--Historical review of the\ninhabitants of North Africa, and the manner in which this region was\nsuccessively peopled and conquered.--The distinct varieties of the human\nrace, as found in Morocco.--Nature of the soil and climate of this\ncountry.--Derem, or the Atlas chain of mountains.--Natural\nproducts.--The Shebbel, or Barbary salmon; different characters of\nexports of the Northern and Southern provinces.--The Elaeonderron\nArgan.--Various trees and plants.--Mines.--The Sherb-Errech, or\nDesert-horse.\n\nCHAPTER IV.\n\nDivision of Morocco into kingdoms or States, and zones or regions.--\nDescription of the towns and cities on the Maroquine coasts of the\nMediterranean and Atlantic waters.--The Zafarine Isles.--Melilla.--\nAlhucemas.--Penon de Velez.--Tegaza.--Provinces of Rif and Garet.--\nTetouan.--Ceuta.--Arzila.--El Araish.--Mehedia.--Salee.--Rabat.--\nFidallah.--Dar-el-Beidah.--Azamour.--Mazagran.--Saffee.--Waladia.\n\nCHAPTER V.\n\nDescription of the Imperial Cities or Capitals of the Empire.--\nEl-Kesar.--Mequinez.--Fez.--Morocco.--The province of Tafilett, the\nbirth-place of the present dynasty of the Shereefs.\n\nCHAPTER VI.\n\nDescription of the towns and cities of the Interior, and those of the\nKingdom of Fez.--Seisouan.--Wazen.--Zawiat.--Muley Dris.--Sofru.--\nDubdu.--Taza.--Oushdah.--Agla.--Nakbila.--Meshra.--Khaluf.--The Places\ndistinguished in. Morocco, including Sous, Draka, and Tafilett.--Tefza.\n--Pitideb.--Ghuer.--Tyijet.--Bulawan.--Soubeit--Meramer.--El-Medina.--\nTagodast.--Dimenet.--Aghmat.--Fronga.--Tedmest.--Tekonlet.--Tesegdelt.--\nTagawost.--Tedsi Beneali.--Beni Sabih.--Tatta and Akka.--Mesah or\nAssah.--Talent.--Shtouka.--General observations on the statistics of\npopulation.--The Maroquine Sahara.\n\nCHAPTER VII.\n\nLondon Jew-boys.--Excursion to the Emperor's garden, and the Argan\nForests.--Another interview with the Governor of Mogador on the\nAnti-Slavery Address.--Opinion of the Moors on the Abolition of Slavery.\n\nCHAPTER VIII.\n\nEl-Jereed, the Country of Dates.--Its hard soil.--Salt Lake. Its vast\nextent.--Beautiful Palm-trees.--The Dates, a staple article of Food.--\nSome Account of the Date-Palm.--Made of Culture.--Delicious Beverage.--\nTapping the Palm.--Meal formed from the Dates.--Baskets made of the\nBranches of the Tree.--Poetry of the Palm.--Its Irrigation.--\nPalm-Groves.--Collection of Tribute by the \"Bey of the Camp.\"\n\nCHAPTER IX.\n\nTour in the Jereed of Captain Balfour and Mr. Reade.--Sidi Mohammed.--\nPlain of Manouba.--Tunis.--Tfeefleeah.--The Bastinado.--Turkish\nInfantry.--Kairwan.--Sidi Amour Abeda.--Saints.--A French Spy--\nAdministration of Justice.--The Bey's presents.--The Hobara.--Ghafsa.\nHot streams containing Fish.--Snakes.--Incantation.--Moorish Village.\n\nCHAPTER X.\n\nToser.--The Bey's Palace.--Blue Doves.--The town described.--Industry\nof the People.--Sheikh Tahid imprisoned and punished.--Leghorn.--The\nBoo-habeeba.--A Domestic Picture.--The Bey's Diversions.--The Bastinado.--\nConcealed Treasure.--Nefta.--The Two Saints.--Departure of Santa Maria.--\nSnake-charmers.--Wedyen.--Deer Stalking.--Splendid view of the Sahara.--\nRevolting Acts.--Qhortabah.--Ghafsa.--Byrlafee.--Mortality among the\nCamels--Aqueduct.--Remains of Udina.--Arrival at Tunis.--The Boab's\nWives.--Curiosities.--Tribute Collected.--Author takes leave of the\nGovernor of Mogador, and embarks for England.--Rough Weather.--Arrival\nin London.\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\n\n\n\nTRAVELS IN MOROCCO.\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER I.\n\nThe Mogador Jewesses.--Disputes between the Jew and the Moor.--Melancholy\nScenes.--The Jews of the Atlas.--Their Religion.--Beautiful Women.--The\nFour Wives.--Statues discovered.--Discrepancy of age of married people.--\nYoung and frail fair ones.--Superstition respecting Salt.--White\nBrandy.--Ludicrous Anecdote.\n\n\nNotwithstanding the imbecile prejudices of the native Barbary Jews, such\nof them who adopt European habits, or who mix with European merchants,\nare tolerably good members of society, always endeavouring to restrain\ntheir own peculiarities. The European Jewesses settled in Mogador, are\nindeed the belles of society, and attend all the balls (such as they\nare). The Jewess sooner forgets religious differences than the Jew, and\nI was told by a Christian lady, it would be a dangerous matter for a\nChristian gentleman to make an offer of marriage to a Mogador Jewess,\nunless in downright earnest; as it would be sure to be accepted.\n\nMonsieur Delaport, Consul of France, was the first official person who\nbrought prominently forward the native and other Jews into the European\nsociety of this place, and since then, these Jews have improved in their\nmanners, and increased their respectability. The principal European Jews\nare from London, Gibraltar, and Marseilles. Many native Jews have\nattempted to wear European clothes; and a European hat, or coat, is now\nthe rage among native Jewesses, who all aspire to get a husband wearing\neither. Such are elements of the progress of the Jewess population in\nthis part of the world, and there is no doubt their position has been\ngreatly ameliorated within the last half century, or since the time of\nAli Bey, who thus describes their wretched condition in his days.\n\n\"Continual disputes arise between the Jew and the Moor; when the Jew is\nwrong, the Moor takes his own satisfaction, and if the Jew be right, he\nlodges a complaint with the judge, who always decides in favour of the\nMussulman. I have seen the Mahometan children amuse themselves by\nbeating little Jews, who durst not defend themselves. When a Jew passes\na mosque, he is obliged to take off his slippers, or shoes; he must do\nthe same when he passes the house of the Kaed, the Kady, or any\nMussulman of distinction. At Fez, and in some other towns, they are\nobliged to walk barefooted.\" Ali Bey mentions other vexations and\noppressions, and adds, \"When I saw the Jews were so ill-treated and\nvexed in every way, I asked them why they did not go to another country.\nThey answered that they could not do so, because they were slaves of the\nSultan.\" Again he says, \"As the Jews have a particular skill in\nthieving, they indemnify themselves for the ill-treatment they receive\nfrom the Moors, by cheating them daily.\"\n\nJewesses are exempt from taking off their slippers, or sandals, when\npassing the mosques. The late Emperor, Muley Suleiman, [1] professed to\nbe a rigidly exact Mussulman, and considered it very indecent, and a\ngreat scandal that Jewesses, some of them, like most women of this\ncountry, of enormous dimensions, should be allowed to disturb the decent\nframe of mind of pious Mussulmen, whilst entering the threshold of the\nhouse of prayer, by the sad exhibitions of these good ladies stooping\ndown and shewing their tremendous calves, when in the act of taking off\ntheir shoes before passing the mosques. For such reasons, Jewesses are\nnow privileged and exempted from the painful necessity of walking\nbarefoot in the streets.\n\nThe policy of the Court in relation to the Jews continually fluctuates.\nSometimes, the Emperor thinks they ought to be treated like the rest of\nhis subjects; at other times, he seems anxious to renew in all its\nvigour the system described by Ali Bey. Hearing that the Jews of\nTangier, on returning from Gibraltar, would often adopt the European\ndress, and so, by disguising themselves, be treated like Christians and\nEuropeans, he ordered all these would-be Europeans forthwith to be\nundressed, and to resume their black turban.\n\nAlas, how were all these Passover, Tabernacle and wedding festivals,\nthese happy and joyous days of the Jewish society of Mogador, changed on\nthe bombardment of that city! What became of the rich and powerful\nmerchants, the imperial vassals of commerce with their gorgeous wives\nbending under the weight of diamonds, pearls, and precious gems, during\nthat sad and unexpected period? The newspapers of the day recorded the\nmelancholy story. Many of the Jews were massacred, or buried underneath\nthe ruins of the city; their wives subjected to plunder; the rest were\nleft wandering naked and starving on the desolate sandy coast of the\nAtlantic, or hidden in the mountains, obtaining a momentary respite from\nthe rapacious fury of the savage Berbers and Arabs.\n\nIt is well known that, while the French bombarded Tangier and Mogador\nfrom without, the Berber and Arab tribes, aided by the _canaille_ of the\nMoors, plundered the city from within. Several of the Moorish rabble\ndeclared publicly, and with the greatest cowardice and villainous\neffrontery, \"When the French come to destroy Mogador, we shall go and\npillage the Jews' houses, strip the women of their ornaments, and then\nescape to the mountains from the pursuit of the Christians.\" These\nthreats they faithfully executed; but, by a just vengeance, they were\npillaged in turn, for the Berbers not only plundered the Jews\nthemselves, but the Moors who had escaped from the city laden with their\nbooty.\n\nIt is to be hoped that a better day is dawning for North African Jews.\nThe Governments of France and England can do much for them in Morocco.\n\nThe Jews of the Atlas formed the subject of some of Mr. Davidson's\nliterary labours; I have made further inquiries and shall give the\nreader some account of them, adding that portion of Mr. Davidson's\ninformation which was borne out by further investigation. The Atlas Jews\nare physically, if not morally, superior to their brethren who reside\namong the Moors. They are dispersed over the Atlas ranges, and have all\nthe characteristics of mountaineers. They enjoy, like their neighbours,\nthe Berbers and Shelouhs, a species of quasi-independence of the\nImperial authority, but they usually attach themselves to certain Berber\nchieftains who protect them, and whose standards they follow.\n\nThese are the only Jews in Mahometan countries of whom I have heard as\nbearing arms. They have, however, their own Sheiks, to whose\njurisdiction all domestic matters are referred. They wear the same\nattire as the mountaineers, and are not distinguishable from them, they\ndo not address the Moors by the term of respect and title \"Sidi,\" but in\nthe same way as the Moors and Arabs when they accost each other. They\nspeak the Shelouh language.\n\nMr. Davidson mentions some curious circumstances about these Jews, and\nof their having a city beyond the Atlas, where three or four thousand\nare living in perfect freedom, and cultivating the soil, which they have\npossessed since the time of Solomon. The probability is that Mr.\nDavidson's informant refers to the Jews of the Oasis of Sahara, where\nthere certainly are some families of Jews living in comparative freedom\nand independence.\n\nAs to the peculiarities of the religion of the Atlas Jews, they are said\nnot to have the Pentateuch and the law in the same order as Jews\ngenerally. They are unacquainted with Ezra, or Christ; they did not go\nto Babylon at the captivity, but were dispersed over Africa at that\nperiod. They are a species of Caraaites, or Jewish Protestants. Shadai\nis the name which they apply to the Supreme Being, when speaking of him.\nTheir written law begins by stating that the world was many thousand\nyears old when the present race of men was formed, which, curiously\nenough, agrees with the researches of modern geology. The present race\nof men are the joint offspring of different and distinct human species.\nThe deluge is not mentioned by them. God, it is said, appeared to\nIshmael in a dream, and told him he must separate from Isaac, and go to\nthe desert, where he would make him a great nation. There would ever\nafter be enmity between the two races, as at this day there is the\ngreatest animosity between the Jews and Mahometans.\n\nThe great nucleus of these Shelouh Jews is in _Jebel Melge_, or the vast\nridge of the Atlas capped with eternal snows; and they hold\ncommunications with the Jews of Ait Mousa, Frouga or Misfuva. They\nrarely descend to the plains or cities of the empire, and look upon the\nrest of the Jews of this country as heretics. Isolation thus begets\nenmity and mistrust, as in other cases. A few years ago, a number came\nto Mogador, and were not at all pleased with their visit, finding fault\nwith everything among their brethren. These Jewish mountaineers are\nsupposed to be very numerous. In their homes, they are inaccessible. So\nthey live in a wild independence, professing a creed as free as their\nown mountain airs. God, who made the hills, made likewise man's freedom\nto abide therein. Before taking leave of the Maroquine Israelites, I\nmust say something of their personal appearance. Both in Tangier and\nMogador, I was fortunate enough to be acquainted with families, who\ncould boast of the most perfect and classic types of Jewish female\nloveliness. Alas, that these beauties should be only charming _animals_,\ntheir minds and affections being left uncultivated, or converted into\ncaves of unclean and tormenting passions. The Jewesses, in general,\nuntil they become enormously stout and weighed down with obesity, are of\nextreme beauty. Most of them have fair complexions; their rose and\njasmine faces, their pure wax-like delicate features, and their\nexceedingly expressive and bewitching eyes, would fascinate the most\nfastidious of European connoisseurs of female beauty.\n\nBut these Israelitish ladies, recalling the fair image of Rachel in the\nPatriarchal times of Holy Writ, and worthy to serve as models for a\nGrecian sculptor, are treated with savage disdain by the churlish Moors,\nand sometimes are obliged to walk barefoot and prostrate themselves\nbefore their ugly negress concubines. The male infants of Jews are\nengaging and goodlooking when young; but, as they grow up, they become\nordinary; and Jews of a certain age, are decidedly and most disgustingly\nugly. It is possible that the degrading slavery in which they usually\nlive, their continued habits of cringing servility, by which the\ncountenance acquires a sinister air and fiendishly cunning smirk, may\ncause this change in their appearance. But what contrasts we had of the\nbeauty of countenance and form in the Jewish society of Mogador! You\nfrequently see a youthful woman, nay a girl of exquisite beauty and\ndelicacy of features, married to an old wretched ill-looking fellow of\nsome sixty or seventy years of age, tottering over the grave, or an\nincurable invalid. To render them worse-looking, whilst the women may\ndress in any and the gayest colours, the men wear a dark blue and black\nturban and dress, and though this is prescribed as a badge of\noppression, they will often assume it when they may attire themselves in\nwhite and other livelier colours. However, men get used to their misery,\nand hug their chains.\n\nThe Jews, at times, though but very rarely, avail themselves of their\nprivilege of four wives granted them in Mahometan countries, and a nice\nmess they make of it. I knew a Jew of this description in Tunis. He was\na lively, jocose fellow, with a libidinous countenance, singing always\nsome catch of a song. He was a silk-mercer, and pretty well off. His\nhouse was small, and besides a common _salle-a-manger_, divided into\nfour compartments for his four wives, each defending her room with the\nferocity of a tigress. Two of them were of his own age, about fifty, and\ntwo not more than twenty. The two elder ones, I was told by his\nneighbours, were entirely abandoned by the husband, and the two younger\nones were always bickering and quarrelling, as to which of them should\nhave the greater favour of their common tyrant; the house a scene of\ntumult, disorder and indecency. Amongst the whole of the wives, there\nwas only one child, a boy, of course an immense pet, a little surly\nwretch; his growth smothered, his health nearly ruined, by the\noverattentions of the four women, whom he kicked and pelted when out of\nhumour.\n\nThis little imp was the fit type, or interpretation of the presiding\ngenius of polygamy. I once visited this happy family, this biting satire\non domestic bliss and the beauty of the harem of the East. The women\nwere all sour, and busy at work, weaving or spinning cotton, \"Do you\nwork for your husband?\" I asked,\n\n_The women_.--\"Thank Rabbi, no.\"\n\n_Traveller_.--\"What do you do with your money?\"\n\n_The women_.--\"Spend it ourselves.\"\n\n_Traveller_.--\"How do you like to have only one husband among you four?\"\n\n_The women_.--\"Pooh! is it not the will of God?\"\n\n_Traveller_.--\"Whose boy is that?\"\n\n_The women_.--\"It belongs to us all.\"\n\n_Traveller_.--\"Have you no other children?\"\n\n_The women_.--\"Our husband is good for no more than that.\"\n\nWhilst I was talking to these angelic creatures, their beloved lord was\nquietly stuffing capons, without hearing our polite discourse. A\nEuropean Jew who knew the native society of Jews well, represents\ndomestic bliss to be a mere phantom, and scarcely ever thought of, or\nsought after. Poor human nature!\n\nI took a walk round the suburbs one morning, whilst a strong wind was\nbringing the locusts towards the coast, which fell upon us like\nhailstones. Young locusts frequently crowd upon the neighbouring hills\nin thousands and tens of thousands. They are little green things. No one\nknows whence they come and whither they go. These are not destructive.\nIndeed, unless swarms of locusts appear darkening the sky, and full\ngrown ones, they do not permanently damage the country. The wind usually\ndisperses them; they rarely take a long flight, except impelled by a\nviolent gale. Arabs attempt to destroy locusts by digging pits into\nwhich they may fall. This is merely playing with them. Jews fry them in\noil and salt, and sell them as we sell shrimps, the taste of which they\nresemble.\n\nOn my return, I passed a Mooress, or rather a Mauritanian Venus, who was\nso stout that she had fallen down, and could not get up. A mule was\nfetched to carry her home. But the Moor highly relishes these enormous\nlumps of fat, according to the standard beauty laid down by the\ntalebs--\"Four things in a woman should be ample, the lower part of the\nback, the thighs, the calves of the legs and the knees.\"\n\nSome time ago, there were discovered at Malta various rude statues of\nwomen very ample in the lower part of the \"back,\" supposed to be of\nLibyan origin, so that stout ladies have been the choicest of the\nfashion for ages past; the fattening of women, like so many capons and\nturkeys, begins when they are betrothed.\n\nThey then swallow three times a day regular boluses of paste, and are\nnot allowed to take exercise. By the time marriage takes place, they are\nin a tolerable good condition, not unlike Smithfield fattened heifers.\nThe lady of one of the European merchants being very thin, the Moors\nfrequently asked her husband how it was, and whether she had enough to\neat, hinting broadly that he starved her.\n\nOn the other hand, two or three of the merchant's wives were exceedingly\nstout, and of course great favourites with the men folks of this city.\n\nThe discrepancies of age, in married people, is most unnatural and\ndisgusting; whilst the merchants were at Morocco, a little girl of nine\nyears of age was married to a man upwards of fifty. Ten and eleven is a\ncommon age for girls to be married. Much has been said of the reverence\nof children for their parents in the East, and tribes of people\nmigrating therefrom, and the fifth commandment embodies the sentiment of\nthe Eastern world. But there is little of this in Mogador; a European\nJewess, who knows all the respectable Jewish and many of the Moorish\nfamilies, assured me that children make their aged parents work for\nthem, as long as the poor creatures can. \"Honour thy father and thy\nmother,\" is quite as much neglected here as in Europe. However, there is\nsome difference. The indigent Moors and Jews maintain their aged parents\nin their own homes, and we English Christian shut up ours in the Union\nBastiles.\n\nTo continue this domestic picture, the marriage settlements, especially\namong the Jews, are ticklish and brittle things, as to money or other\nmercenary arrangements.\n\nA match is often broken off, because a lamp of the value of four dollars\nhas been substituted for one of the value of twenty dollars, which was\nfirst promised on the happy day of betrothal.\n\nIndeed, nearly all marriages here are matters of sale and barter. Love\nis out of the question, he never flutters his purple wings over the\nbridal bed of Mogador. A Jewish or Moorish girl having placed before her\na rich, old ugly man, of mean and villanous character, of three score\nyears and upwards, and by his side, a handsome youth of blameless\ncharacter and amiable manners, will not hesitate a moment to prefer the\nformer. As affairs of intrigue and simple animal enjoyment are the great\nbusiness of life, the ways and means, in spite of Moorish and Mahometan\njealousy, as strong as death, by which these young and frail beauties\nindulge in forbidden conversations, are innumerable. Although the Moors\nfrequently relate romantic legends of lovely innocent brides, who had\nnever seen any other than the faces of their father, or of married\nladies, who never raised the veil from off their faces, except to\nreceive their own husbands, and seem to extol such chastity and\nseclusion; they are too frequently found indulging in obscene\nimaginations, tempting and seducing the weaker sex from the path of\nvirtue and honour. So that, if women are unchaste here, or elsewhere,\nmen are the more to blame: if woman goes one step wrong, men drag her\ntwo more. Men corrupt women, and then punish her for being corrupt,\ndepriving them of their natural and unalienable rights.\n\nSalt in Africa as in Europe is a domestic superstition. A Jewess, one\nmorning, in bidding adieu to her friends, put her fingers into a\nsalt-cellar, and took from it a large pinch of salt, which her friend\ntold me afterwards was to preserve her from the evil one. Salt is also\nused for a similar important purpose, when, during the night, a person\nis obliged to pass from one room into another in the dark. It would be\nan entertaining task to collect the manifold superstitions in different\nparts of the world, respecting this essential ingredient of human food.\n\nThe habit of drinking white brandy, stimulates the immorality of this\nMaroquine society. The Jews are the great factors of this _acqua\nardiente_, its Spanish and general name. Government frequently severely\npunishes them for making it; but they still persevere in producing this\nincentive to intoxication and crime. In all parts of the world, the most\ndegraded classes are the factors of the means of vice for the higher\norders of society. Moors drink it under protest, that it is not the\njuice of the grape. On the Sabbath, the Jewish families are all flushed,\nexcited, and tormented by this evil spirit; but when the highest\nenjoyments of intellect are denied to men, they must and will seek the\nlower and beastly gratifications.\n\nFriend Cohen came in one afternoon, and related several anecdotes of the\nMaroquine Court. When Dr. Brown was attending the Sultan, the Vizier\nmanaged to get hold of his cocked hat, and placing it upon his head,\nstrutted about in the royal gardens. Whilst performing this feat before\nseveral attendants, the Sultan suddenly made his appearance in the midst\nof them. The minister seeing him, fell down in a fright and a fit. His\nImperial Highness beckoned to the minister in such woful plight, to\npacify himself, and put his cloak before his mouth to prevent any one\nfrom seeing him laugh at the minister, which he did most immoderately.\n\nCohen, who is a quack, was once consulted on a case of the harem. Cohen\npleaded ignorance, God had not given him the wit; he could do nothing\nfor the patient of his Imperial Highness. This was very politic of\nCohen, for another quack, a Moor, had just been consulted, and had had\nhis head taken off, for not being successful in the remedies he\nprescribed. There would not be quite so much medicine administered among\nus, weak, cracky, crazy mortals, in this cold damp clime, if such an\nalternative was proposed to our practitioners.\n\n\n\n\nCHAPTER II.\n\nThe Maroquine dynasties.--Family of the Shereefian Monarchs.--Personal\nappearances and character of Muley Abd Errahman.--Refutation of the\ncharge of human sacrifices against the Moorish Princes.--Genealogy of\nthe reigning dynasty of Morocco.--The tyraufc Yezeed, (half\nIrish).--Muley Suleiman, the \"The Shereeff of Shereefs.\"--Diplomatic\nrelations of the Emperor of Morocco with European Powers.--Muley Ismael\nenamoured with the French Princess de Conti.--Rival diplomacy of France\nand England near the Maroquine Court.--Mr. Hay's correspondence with\nthis Court on the Slave-trade.--Treaties between Great Britain and\nMorocco; how defective and requiring amendment.--Unwritten engagements.\n\n\nMorocco, an immense and unwieldly remnant of the monarchies formed by\nthe Saracens, or first Arabian conquerors of Africa, has had a series of\ndynasties terminating in that of the Shereefs.\n\n1st. The Edristees (pure Saracens,) their capital was Fez, founded by\ntheir great progenitor, Edrio. The dynasty began in A.D. 789, and\ncontinued to 908.\n\n2nd. The Fatamites (also Saracens.) These conquered Egypt, and were the\nfaction of or lineal descendants of the daughter of the Prophet, the\nbeautiful pearl-like Fatima, succeeding to the above: this dynasty\ncontinued to 972.\n\n3rd. The Zuheirites (Zeirities, or Zereids) were usurpers of the former\nconquerors; their dynasty terminated in 1070.\n\n4th. Moravedi (or Marabouteen,) that is to say, Marabouts, [2] who rose\ninto consequence about 1050, and their first prince was Aberbekr Omer El\nLamethounx, a native of Sous. Their dynasty terminated in 1149.\n\n5th. The Almohades. These are supposed to be sprung from the Berber\ntribes. They conquered all North Western Morocco, and reigned about one\nhundred years, the dynasty terminated in 1269.\n\n6th. The Merinites. These in 1250 subjugated the kingdoms of Fez and\nMorocco; and in 1480 their dynasty terminated with the Shereef.\n\n7th. The Oatagi (or Ouatasi) [3] were a tribe of obscure origin. In\ntheir time, the Portuguese established themselves on the coast of\nMorocco; their dynasty ended in 1550.\n\n8th. The Shereefs (Oulad Ali) of the present dynasty, whose founder was\nHasein, have now occupied the Imperial throne more than three centuries.\nThis family of Shereefs came from the neighbourhood of Medina in Arabia,\nand succeeded to the empire of Morocco by a series of usurpations. They\nare divided into two branches, the Sherfah Hoseinee, so named from the\nfounder of the dynasty, who began to reign at Taroudant and Morocco in\n1524, and over all the empire in 1550, and the Sherfah El Fileli, or\nTafilett, whose ancestor was Muley Shereef Ben Ali-el-Hoseinee, and\nassumed sovereign power at Tafilett in 1648, from which country he\nextended his authority over all the provinces of that empire. Thus the\nShereefs began their reign in the middle of the seventeenth century, and\nhave now wielded the sword of the Prophet as Caliph of the West these\nlast two hundred years. I have not heard that there is anywhere a\ndynasty of Shereefs except in this country. They are, therefore,\nprofoundly venerated by all true Mussulmen. It was a great error to\nsuppose that Abd-el-Kader could have succeeded in dethroning the Emperor\nduring the hostilities of the Emir against the lineal representative of\nthe Prophet. Abd-el-Kader is a marabout warrior, greatly revered and\nidolized by all enthusiastic Mussulmen throughout North Africa, more\nespecially in Morocco, the _terre classique_ of holy-fighting men; but\nthough the Maroquines were disaffected, groaning under the avarice of\ntheir Shereefian Lord, and occasionally do revolt, nevertheless they\nwould not deliberately set aside the dynasty of the Shereefs, the\nveritable root and branch of the Prophet of God, for an adventurer of\nother blood, however powerful in arms and in sanctity.\n\nMorocco is the only independent Mussulman kingdom remaining, founded by\nthe Saracens when they conquered North Africa. Tunis and Tripoli are\nregencies of the Port of Tunis, having an hereditary Bey, while Tripoli\nis a simple Pasha, removable at pleasure. Algeria has now become an\nintegral portion of France by the Republic.\n\nMuley Abd Errahman was nominated to the throne by the solemn and dying\nrequest of his uncle, Muley Suleiman, to the detriment of his own\nchildren.\n\nHe belonged to one of the most illustrious branches of the reigning\ndynasty. In the natural order of succession, he ought to have taken\npossession of the Shereefian crown at the end of the last age; but,\nbeing a child, his uncle was preferred; for Mahometan sovereigns and\nempire are exposed to convulsions enough, without the additional dangers\nand elements of strife attendant on regencies.\n\nIn transmitting the sceptre to him, Muley Suleiman, therefore, only\nperformed an act of justice.\n\nMuley Abd Errahman, during his long reign, rendered the imperial\nauthority more solid than formerly, and established a species of\nconservative government in a semi-barbarous country, and exposed to\ncontinual commotions, like all Asiatic and African states. In governing\nthe multitudinous and heterogeneous tribes of his empire, his grand\nmaxim has ever been, like Austria, with her various states and hostile\ninterests of different people, \"Divide et empera.\" When will sovereigns\nlearn to govern their people upon principles of homogenity of interests,\nnatural good will, and fraternal feeling? Alas! we have reason to fear,\nnever. It seems nations are to be governed always by setting up one\nportion of the people against the other.\n\nMuley Abd Errahman was chosen by his uncle, on account of his pacific\nand frugal habits, educated as he was by being made in early life the\nadministrator of the customs in Mogador, and as a prince likely to\npreserve and consolidate the empire. The anticipations of the uncle have\nbeen abundantly realized by the nephew, for Muley Abd Errahman, with the\nexception of the short period of the French hostilities, (which was not\nhis own work and happened in spite of him), has preserved the intact\nwithout, and quiet during the many years he has occupied the throne.\n\nHis Moorish Majesty, who is advanced in life, is a man of middle\nstature. He has dark and expressive eyes, and, as already observed, is a\nmulatto of a fifth caste. Colour excites no prejudices either in the\nsovereign or in the subject. This Emperor is so simple in his habits and\ndress, that he can only be distinguished from his officers and governors\nof provinces by the _thall_, or parasol, the Shereefian emblem of\nroyalty. The Emperor's son, when out on a military expedition, is also\nhonoured by the presence of the Imperial parasol, which was found in\nSidi Mohammed's tent at the Battle of Isly. Muley Abd Errahman is not\ngiven to excesses of any kind, (unless avarice is so considered), though\nhis three harems of Fas, Miknas, and Morocco may be _stocked_, or more\npolitely, adorned, with a thousand ladies or so, and the treasures of\nthe empire are at his disposal. He is not a man of blood; [4] he rarely\ndecapitates a minister or a governor, notwithstanding that he frequently\nconfiscates their property, and sometimes imprisons them to discover\ntheir treasures, and drain them of their last farthing. The Emperor\nlives on good terms with the rest of his family. He has one son,\nGovernor of Fez (Sidi Mohammed), and another son, Governor of Rabat. The\ngreater part of the royal family reside at Tafilett, the ancient country\nof the _Sherfah_, or Shereefs, and is still especially appropriated for\ntheir residence. Ali Bey reported as the information of his time, that\nthere were at Tafilett no less than two thousand Shereefs, who all\npretended to have a right to the throne of Morocco, and who, for that\nreasons enjoyed certain gratifications paid them by the reigning Sultan.\nHe adds that, during an interregnum, many of them took up arms and threw\nthe empire into anarchy. This state of things is happily past, and, as\nto the number of the Shereefs at Tafilett, all that we know is, there is\na small fortified town, inhabited entirely by Shereefs, living in\nmoderate, if not impoverished circumstances.\n\nThe Shereefian Sultans of Morocco are not only the successors of the\nArabian Sovereigns of Spain, but may justly dispute the Caliphat with\nthe Osmanlis, or Turkish Sultans. Their right to be the chiefs of\nIslamism is better founded than the pretended Apostolic successors at\nRome, who, in matters of religion, they in some points resemble.\n\nI introduce here, with some unimportant variations, a translation from\nGraeberg de Hemso of the Imperial Shereefian pedigree, to correspond with\nthe genealogical tableaux, which the reader will find in succeeding\npages, of the Moorish dynasties of Tunis and Tripoli.\n\n\nGENEALOGY OF THE REIGNING DYNASTY OF MOROCCO.\n\n1. Ali-Ben-Abou-Thaleb; died in 661 of the Christian Era; surnamed \"The\naccepted of God,\" of the most ancient tribe of Hashem, and husband of\nFatima, styled Ey-Zarah, or, \"The Pearl,\" only daughter of Mahomet.\n\n2. Hosein, or El-Hosein-es-Sebet, _i.e._ \"The Nephew;\" died in 1680;\nfrom him was derived the patronymic El-Hoseinee, which all the Shereefs\nbear,\n\n3. Hasan-el-Muthna, _i.e._ \"The Striker;\" died in 719; brother of\nMohammed, from whom pretended to descend, in the 16th degree, Mohammed\nBen Tumert, founder of the dynasty of the Almohadi, in 1120.\n\n4. Abdullah-el-Kamel, _i.e._ \"The Perfect;\" in 752, father of Edris, the\nprogenitor or founder of the dynasty of the Edristi in Morocco, and who\nhad six brothers.\n\n5. Mohammed, surnamed \"The pious and just soul;\" in 784, had five\nchildren who were the branches of a numerous family. (Between Mohammed\nand El-Hasem who follows, some assert that three gererations succeeded).\n\n6. El-Kasem, in 852; brother of Abdullah, from whom it is said the\nCaliphs of Egypt and Morocco are descended.\n\n7. Ismail; about 890.\n\n8. Ahmed; in 901.\n\n9. El-Hasan; in 943.\n\n10. Ali; in 970, (excluded from the genealogy published by Ali Bey, but\nnoted by several good authorities).\n\n11. Abubekr; 996.\n\n12. El-Husan, in 1012.\n\n13. Abubekr El-Arfat, _i.e._ \"The Knower,\" in 1043.\n\n14. Mohammed, in 1071.\n\n15. Abdullah, in 1109.\n\n16. Hasan, in 1132; brother of a Mohammed, who emigrated to Morocco.\n\n17. Mohammed, in 1174.\n\n18. Abou-el-Kasem Abd Errahman, in 1207.\n\n19. Mohammed, in 1236.\n\n20. El-Kaseru, in 1271, brother of Ahmed, who also emigrated into\nAfrica, and was father of eight children, one of whom was:\n\n21. El-Hasan, who, in 1266, upon the demand of a tribe of Berbers of\nMoghrawa, was sent by his father into the kingdom of Segelmesa (now\nTafilett) and Draha, where, through his descendants, he became the\ncommon progenitor of the Maroquine Shereefs.\n\n22. Mohammed, in 1367.\n\n23. El-Hasan, in 1391, by his son, Mohammed, he became grandfather of\nHosem, who, during 1507, founded the first dynasty of the Hoseinee\nShereefs in Segelmesa, and the extreme south of Morocco, which dynasty,\nafter twelve years, made itself master of the kingdom of Morocco.\n\n24. Ali-es-Shereef, _i.e._ \"The noble,\" died in 1437, was the first to\nassume this name, and had, after forty years elapsed, two sons, the\nfirst, Muley Mahommed, by a concubine, and the second:\n\n25. Yousef, by a legitimate wife; he retired into Arabia, where he died\nin 1485. It was said of Yousef, that no child was born to him until his\neightieth year, when he had five children, the first born of which was,\n\n26. Ali, who died in 1527, and had at least, eighty male children.\n\n27. Mohammed, in 1691, brother of Muley Meherrez, a famous brigand, and\nafterwards a king of Tafilett: this Mohammed was father of many\nchildren, and among the rest--\n\n28. Ali, who was called by his uncle from Zambo (?) into\nMoghrele-el-Aksa Morocco about the year 1620, and died in 1632, after\nhaving founded the second, and present, dynasty of the Hoseinee\nShereefs, surnamed the _Filei_,\n\n29. Muley Shereeff, died in 1652; he had eighty sons, and a hundred\nand twenty-four daughters.\n\n30. Muley Ismail, in 1727.\n\n31. Muley Abdullah, in 1757.\n\n32. Sidi Mohammed, in 1789.\n\n33. Muley Yezeed, who assumed the surname of El-Mahdee _i.e._ \"the\ndirector,\" in 1792.\n\n34. Muley Hisham, in 1794.\n\n35. Muley Suleiman, in 1822.\n\n36. Muley Abd Errahman, nephew of Muley Suleiman and eldest son of\nMuley Hisham, the reigning Shereefian prince. [5]\n\nIn the Shereefian lineage of Muley Suleiman, copied for Ali Bey by the\nEmperor himself, and which is very meagre and unsatisfactory, we miss\nthe names of the two brothers, the Princes Yezeed and Hisham, who\ndisputed the succession on the death of their father, Sidi Mohammed\nwhich happened in April 1790 or 1789, when the Emperor was on a military\nexpedition to quell the rebellion of his son, Yezeed--the tyrant whose\nbad fame and detestable cruelties filled with horror all the North\nAfrican world. The Emperor Suleiman evidently suppressed these names, as\ndisfiguring the lustre of the holy pedigree; although Yezeed was the\nhereditary prince, and succeeded his father three days after his death,\nbeing proclaimed Sultan at Salee with accustomed pomp and magnificence.\nThis monster in human shape, having excited a civil war against himself\nby his horrid barbarities, was mortally wounded by a poisoned arrow,\nshot from a secret hand, and died in February 1792, the 22nd month of\nhis reign, and 44th year of his age.\n\nOn being struck with the fatal weapon, he was carried to his palace at\nDar-el-Beida, where he only survived a single day; but yet during this\nbrief period, and whilst in the agony of dissolution, it is said, the\ntyrant committed more crimes and outrages, and caused more people to be\nsacrificed, than in his whole lifetime, determining with the vengeance\nof a pure fiend, that if his people would not weep for his death they\nshould mourn for the loss of their friends and relations, like the old\ntyrant Herod. How instinctively imitative is crime! Yezeed was of\ncourse, not buried at the cross-roads, (Heaven forefend!) or in a\ncemetery for criminals\n\n[...]\n\n presents.\nSome deer, Jereed goats, an ostrich, &c., were sent to Mr. R. after his\nreturn, and both Captain B. and Mr. R. have had every reason to be\nextremely gratified with the hospitality and kind attentions of the \"Bey\nof the Camp.\"\n\nIt is very difficult to ascertain the amount of tribute collected in the\nJereed, some of which, however, was not got in, owing to various\nimpediments. Our tourists say generally:--\n\n Camel-loads. [40]\n Money, dollars, and piastres, (chiefly I\n imagine, the latter.) 23\n\n Burnouses, blankets, and quilts, &c. 6\n\n Dates (these were collected at Toser,\n and brought from Nefta and the surrounding\n districts) 500\n ----\n Total 529\n\n It is impossible, with this statement\n before us, to make out any exact\n calculation of the amount of tribute.\n A cantar of dates varies from fifteen\n to twenty-five shillings, say on an\n average a pound sterling; this will\n make the amount of the 500 camel-loads\n at five cantars per load L2,500\n\n Six camel-loads of woollen manufactures,\n &c., at sixty pound per load, value 360\n ------\n Total L2,860\n\nThe money, chiefly piastres, must be left to conjecture. However, Mr.\nLevy, a large merchant at Tunis, thinks the amount might be from 150 to\n200,000 piastres, or, taking the largest sum, L6,250 sterling:\n\n Total amount of the tribute of the Jereed:\n in goods L2,860\n Ditto, in money: 6,250\n ------\n Total L9,110\n\nTo this sum may be added the smaller presents of horses, camels, and\nother beasts of burden.\n\n * * * * *\n\nBefore leaving Mogador, in company with Mr. Willshire, I saw his\nExcellency, the Governor again, when I took formal leave of him. He\naccompanied me down to the port with several of the authorities, waiting\nuntil I embarked for the Renshaw schooner. Several of the Consuls, and\nnearly all the Europeans, were also present. On the whole, I was\nsatisfied with the civilities of the Moorish authorities, and offer my\ncordial thanks to the Europeans of Mogador for their attentions during\nmy residence in that city.\n\nA little circumstance shews the subjection of our merchants, the Consul\nnot excepted, to the Moorish Government. One of the merchants wished to\naccompany me on board, but was not permitted, on account of his\nengagements with the Sultan.\n\nA merchant cannot even go off the harbour to superintend the stowing of\nhis goods. Never were prisoners of war, or political offenders, so\nclosely watched as the boasted imperial merchants of this city.\n\nAfter setting sail, we were soon out of sight of Mogador; and, on the\nfollowing day, land disappeared altogether. During the next month, we\nwere at sea, and out of view of the shore. I find an entry in my\njournal, when off the Isle of Wight. We had had most tremendous weather,\nsuccessive gales of foul wind, from north and north-east. Our schooner\nwas a beautiful vessel, a fine sailer with a flat bottom, drawing little\nwater, made purposely for Barbary ports. She had her bows completely\nunder water, and pitched her way for twenty-five succeeding days,\nthrough huge rising waves of sea and foam. During the whole of this\ntime, I never got up, and lived on bread and water with a little\nbiscuit. Captain Taylor, who was a capital seaman, and took the most\naccurate observations, lost all patience, and, though a good methodist,\nwould now and then rush on deck, and swear at the perverse gale and\nwrathful sea. We took on board a fine barb for Mr. Elton, which died\nafter a few days at sea, in these tempests. I had a young vulture that\ndied a day before the horse, or we should have fed him on the carcase.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nAn aoudad which we conveyed on account of Mr. Willshire to London, for\nthe Zoological Society, outlived these violent gales, and was safely and\ncomfortably lodged in the Regent's Park. After my return from Africa, I\npaid my brave and hardy fellow-passenger a visit, and find the air of\nsmoky London agrees with him as well as the cloudless region of the\nMorocco Desert.\n\n\n\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\n\nThe following account of the bombardment of Mogador by the French,\nwritten at the period by an English Resident may be of interest at the\npresent time.\n\nMogador was bombarded on the 13th of August, 1844. Hostilities began at\n9 o'clock A.M., by the Moors firing twenty-one guns before the French\nhad taken up their position, but the fire was not returned until 2 P.M.\nThe 'Gemappes,' 100; 'Suffren,' 99; 'Triton,' 80; ships of the line.\n'Belle Poule,' 60, frigate; 'Asmodee' and 'Pluton,' steamers, and some\nbrigs, constituted the bombarding squadron. The batteries were silenced,\nand the Moorish authorities with many of the inhabitants fled, leaving\nthe city unprotected against the wild tribes, who this evening and the\nnext morning, sacked and fired the city. On the 16th, nine hundred\nFrench were landed on the isle of Mogador. After a rude encounter with\nthe garrison, they took possession of it and its forts. Their loss was,\nafter twenty-eight hours' bombarding, trifling, some twenty killed and\nas many more wounded; the Moors lost some five hundred on the isle\nkilled, besides the casualties in the city.\n\nThe British Consul and his wife, and Mr. and Mrs. Robertson, with\nothers, were obliged to remain in the town during the bombardment on\naccount of their liabilities to the Emperor. The escape of these people\nfrom destruction was most miraculous.\n\nThe bombarding squadron reached on the 10th, the English frigate,\n'Warspite,' on the 13th, and the wind blowing strong from N.E., and\npreventing the commencement of hostilities, afforded opportunity to\nsave, if possible, the British Consul's family and other detained\nEuropeans; but, notwithstanding the strenuous remonstrances of the\ncaptain of the 'Warspite', nothing whatever could prevail upon the\nMoorish Deputy-Governor in command, Sidi Abdallah Deleero, to allow the\nBritish and other Europeans to take their departure. The Governor even\nperemptorily refused permission for the wife of the Consul to leave,\nupon the cruel sophism that, \"The Christian religion asserts the husband\nand wife to be one, consequently,\" added the Governor, \"as it is my\nduty, which I owe to my Emperor, to prevent the Consul from leaving\nMogador, I must also keep his wife.\"\n\nThe fact is the Moors, in their stupidity, and perhaps in their revenge,\nthought the retaining of the British Consul and the Europeans might, in\nsome way or other, contribute to the defence of themselves, save the\ncity, or mitigate the havoc of the bombardment. At any rate, they would\nsay, \"Let the Christians share the same fate and dangers as ourselves.\"\nDuring the bombardment, the Moors for two hours fought well, but their\nbest gunner, a Spanish renegade, Omar Ei-Haj, being killed, they became\ndispirited and abandoned the batteries. The Governor and his troops,\nabout sunset, disgracefully and precipitately fled, followed by nearly\nall the Moorish population, thereby abandoning Mogador to pillage, and\nthe European Jews to the merciless wild tribes, who, though levied to\ndefend the town, had, for some hours past, hovered round it like droves\nof famished wolves.\n\nAs the Governor fled out, terrified as much at the wild tribes as of the\nFrench, in rushed these hordes, led on by their desperate chiefs. These\nwretches undismayed, unmoved by the terrors of the bombarding ravages\naround, strove and vied with each other in the committal of every act of\nthe most unlicensed ferocity and depredation, breaking open houses,\nassaulting the inmates, murdering such as shewed resistance, denuding\nthe more submissive of their clothing, abusing women--particularly in\nthe Jewish quarter--to all which atrocities the Europeans were likewise\nexposed.\n\nAt the most imminent hazard of their lives, the British Consul and his\nwife, with a few others, escaped from these ruffians. Truly providential\nwas their flight through streets, resounding with the most turbulent\nconfusion and sanguinary violence. It was late when the plunderers\nappeared before the Consulates, where, without any ceremony, by\nhundreds, they fell to work, breaking open bales of goods, ransacking\nplaces for money and other treasures; and, thus unsatisfied in their\nrapacity, they tore and burnt all the account-books and Consular\ndocuments.\n\nOther gangs fought over the spoil; some carrying off their booty, and\nothers setting it on fire. It was a real pandemonium of discord and\nlicentiousness. During the darkness, and in the midst of such scenes, it\nwas that the Consul and his wife threaded their precarious flight\nthrough the streets, and in their way were intercepted by a marauding\nband, who attacked them; tore off his coat; and, seizing his wife,\ninsisted upon denuding her, four or five daggers being raised to her\nthroat, expecting to find money concealed about their persons; nor would\nthe ruffians desist until they ascertained they had none, the Consul\nhaving prudently resolved to take no money with them. Fortunately, at\nthis juncture, his wife was able to speak, and in Arabic (being born\nhere, and daughter of a former Consul), therefore she could give force\nto her entreaties by appealing to them not to imbue their hands in the\nblood of their countrywomen. This had the desired effect. The chief of\nthe party undertook to conduct them to the water-port, when, coming in\ncontact with another party, a conflict about booty ensued, during which\nthe Consul's family got out of the town to a place of comparative\nsecurity.\n\nIncidents of a similar alarming nature attended the escape of Mr.\nRobertson, his wife, and four children; one, a baby in arms. In the\ncrowd, Mr. Robertson, with a child in each hand, lost sight of Mrs.\nRobertson, with her infant and another child. Distracted by sad\nforebodings, poor Mr. Robertson forced his way to the water-port, but\nnot before a savage mountainer--riding furiously by him--aimed a\nsabre-blow at him to cut him down; but, as the murderous arm was poised\nabove, Mr. Robertson stooped, and, raising his arm at the time, warded\nit off; the miscreant then rode off, being satisfied at this cut at the\ndetested Nazarene.\n\nAnother ruffian seized one of his little girls, a pretty child of nine\nyears old, and scratched her arm several times with his dagger, calling\nout _flous_ (money) at each stroke. At the water-port, Mr. Robertson\njoined his fainting wife, and the British Consul and his wife, with Mr.\nLucas and Mr. Allnut. An old Moor never deserted the Consul's family,\n\"faithful among the faithless;\" and a Jewess, much attached to the\nfamily, abandoned them only to return to those allied to her by the ties\nof blood.\n\nTheir situation was now still perilous, for, should they be discovered\nby the wild Berbers, they all might be murdered. This night, the 15th,\nwas a most anxious one, and their apprehensions were dreadful. Dawn of\nday was fast approaching, and every hour's delay rendered their\ncondition more precarious. In this emergency, Mr. Lucas, who never once\nfailed or lost his accustomed suavity and presence of mind amidst these\nimminent dangers, resolved upon communicating with the fleet by a most\nhazardous experiment. On his way from the town-gate to the water-port,\nhe noticed some deal planks near the beach. The idea struck him of\nturning these into a raft, which, supporting him, could enable their\nparty to communicate with the squadron. Mr. Lucas fetched the planks,\nand resolutely set to work. Taking three of them, and luckily finding a\nquantity of strong grass cordage, he arranged them in the water, and\nwith some cross-pieces, bound the whole together; and, besides, having\nfound two small pieces of board to serve him as paddles, he gallantly\nlaunched forth alone, and, in about an hour, effected his object, for he\nexcited the attention of the French brig, 'Canard,' from which a boat\ncame and took him on board.\n\nThe officers, being assured there were no Moors on guard at the\nbatteries, and that the Berbers were wholly occupied in plundering the\ncity, promptly and generously sent off a boat with Mr. Lucas to the\nrescue of the alarmed and trembling fugitives. The Prince de Joinville\nafterwards ordered them to be conveyed on board the 'Warspite.' The\nself-devotedness, sagacity, and indefatigable exertions of the excellent\nyoung man, Mr. Lucas, were above all encomiums, and, at the hands of the\nBritish Government, he deserved some especial mark of favour.\n\nPoor Mrs. Levy (an English Jewess, married to a Maroquine Jew), and her\nfamily were left behind, and accompanied the rest of the miserable Jews\nand natives, to be maltreated, stripped naked, and, perhaps, murdered,\nlike many poor Jews. Mr. Amrem Elmelek, the greatest native merchant and\na Jew, died from fright. Carlos Bolelli, a Roman, perished during the\nsack of the city.\n\nMogador was left a heap of ruins, scarcely one house standing entire,\nand all tenantless. In the fine elegiac bulletin of the bombarding\nPrince, \"Alas! for thee, Mogador! thy walls are riddled with bullets,\nand thy mosques of prayer blackened with fire!\" (or something like\nthese words.)\n\n\nCOMMERCE WITH MOROCCO.\n\nTANGIER.\n\nTangier trades almost exclusively with Gibraltar, between which place\nand this, an active intercourse is constantly kept up.\n\nThe principal articles of importation into Tangier are, cotton goods of\nall kinds, cloth, silk-stuffs, velvets, copper, iron, steel, and\nhardware of every description; cochineal, indigo, and other dyes; tea,\ncoffee, sulphur, paper, planks, looking-glasses, tin, thread,\nglass-beads, alum, playing-cards, incense, sarsaparilla, and rum.\n\nThe exports consist in hides, wax, wool, leeches, dates, almonds,\noranges, and other fruit, bark, flax, durra, chick-peas, bird-seed, oxen\nand sheep, henna, and other dyes, woollen sashes, haicks, Moorish\nslippers, poultry, eggs, flour, &c.\n\nThe value of British and foreign goods imported into Tangier in 1856\nwas: British goods, L101,773 6_s_., foreign goods, L33,793.\n\nThe goods exported from Tangier during the same year was: For British\nports, L63,580 10_s_., for foreign ports, L13,683.\n\nThe following is a statement of the number of British and foreign ships\nthat entered and cleared from this port during the same year. Entered:\nBritish ships 203, the united tonnage of which was 10,883; foreign ships\n110, the total tonnage of which was 4,780.\n\nCleared: British ships 207, the united tonnage of which was 10,934;\nforeign ships 110, the total tonnage of which was 4,780.\n\nThree thousand head of cattle are annually exported, at a fixed duty of\nfive dollars per head, to Gibraltar, for the use of that garrison, in\nconformity with the terms of special grants that have, from time to\ntime, been made by the present Sultan and some of his predecessors. In\naddition to the above, about 2,000 head are, likewise, exported\nannually, for the same destination, at a higher rate of duty, varying\nfrom eight dollars to ten dollars per head. Gibraltar, also, draws from\nthis place large supplies of poultry, eggs, flour, and other kinds of\nprovisions.\n\nMOGADOR.\n\nFrom the port of Mogador are exported the richest articles the country\nproduces, viz., almonds, sweet and bitter gums, wool, olive-oil, seeds\nof various kinds, as cummin, gingelen, aniseed; sheep-skins, calf, and\ngoat-skins, ostrich-feathers, and occasionally maize.\n\nThe amount of exports in 1855 was: For British ports, L228,112 3_s_.\n2_d_., for foreign ports, L55,965 13_s_. 1_d_.\n\nThe imports are Manchester cotton goods, which have entirely superseded\nthe East India long cloths, formerly in universal use, blue salampores,\nprints, sugar, tea, coffee, Buenos Ayres slides, iron, steel, spices,\ndrugs, nails, beads and deals, woollen cloth, cotton wool, and mirrors\nof small value, partly for consumption in the town, but chiefly for that\nof the interior, from Morocco and its environs, as far as Timbuctoo.\n\nThe amount of imports in 1855 was: British goods, L136,496 7_s_. 6_d_.,\nforeign goods L31,222 11_s_. 5_d_.\n\nThe trade last year was greatly increased by the unusually large demand\nfor olive-oil from all parts, and there is no doubt that, under a more\nliberal Government, the commerce might be developed to a vast extent.\n\nRABAT.\n\nThe principal goods imported at Rabat are, alum, calico of different\nqualities, cinnamon, fine cloth, army cloth, cloves, copperas, cotton\nprints, raw cotton, sewing cotton, cutlery, dimity, domestics,\nearthenware, ginger, glass, handkerchiefs (silk and cotton), hardware,\nindigo, iron, linen, madder root, muslin, sugar (refined and raw), tea,\nand tin plate.\n\nThe before-mentioned articles are imported partly for consumption in\nRabat and Sallee, and partly for transmission into the interior.\n\nThe value of different articles of produce exported at Rabat during the\nlast five years amounts to L34,860 1_s_.\n\nThere can be no doubt that the imports and exports at Rabat would\ngreatly increase, if the present high duties were reduced, and\nGovernment monopolies abolished. Large quantities of hides were exported\nbefore they were a Government monopoly: now the quantity exported is\nvery inconsiderable.\n\nMAZAGAN.\n\n_Goods Imported_.--Brown Domestics, called American White, muslins, raw\ncotton, cotton-bales, silk and cotton pocket-handkerchiefs; tea, coffee,\nsugars, iron, copperas, alum; many other articles imported, but in very\nsmall quantities.\n\nA small portion of the importations is consumed at Mazagan and Azimore,\nbut the major portions in the interior.\n\nThe amount of the leading goods exported in 1855 was:--Bales of wool,\n6,410; almonds, 200 serons; grain, 642,930 fanegas.\n\nNo doubt the commerce of this port would be increased under better\nfiscal laws than those now established.\n\nBut the primary and immediate thing to be looked after is the wilful\ncasting into the anchorage-ground of stone-ballast by foreigners.\nBritish masters are under control, but foreigners will persist, chiefly\nSardinian masters.\n\n\n\n\nTHE END\n\n\n\n\n[1] The predecessor of Muley Abd Errahman.\n\n[2] On account, of their once possessing the throne, the Shereefs have a\npeculiar jealousy of Marabouts, and which latter have not forgotten\ntheir once being sovereigns of Morocco. The _Moravedi_ were \"really a\ndynasty of priests,\" as the celebrated Magi, who usurped the throne of\nCyrus. The Shereefs, though descended from the Prophet, are not strictly\npriests, or, to make the distinction perfectly clear the Shereefs are to\nbe considered a dynasty corresponding to the type of Melchizdek, uniting\nin themselves the regal and sacerdotal authority, whilst the\n_Marabouteen_ were a family of priests like the sons of Aaron.\nAbd-el-Kader unites in himself the princely and sacerdotal authority\nlike the Shereefs, though not of the family of the Prophet. Mankind have\nalways been jealous of mere theocratic government, and dynasties of\npriests have always been failures in the arts of governing, and the\nEgyptian priests, though they struggled hard, and were the most\naccomplished of this class of men, could not make themselves the\nsovereigns of Egypt.\n\n[3] According to others the Sadia reigned before the Shereefs.\n\n[4] I was greatly astonished to read in Mr. Hay's \"Western Barbary,\" (p.\n123), these words--\"During one of the late rebellions, a beautiful young\ngirl was offered up as a propitiatory sacrifice, her throat being cut\nbefore the tent of the Sultan, and in his presence!\" This is an\nunmitigated libel on the Shereefian prince ruling Morocco. First of all,\nthe sacrifice of human beings is repudiated by every class of\ninhabitants in Barbary. Such rites, indeed, are unheard of, nay,\nunthought of. If the Mahometan religion has been powerful in any one\nthing, it is in that of rooting out from the mind of man every notion of\nhuman sacrifice. It is this which makes the sacrifice of the Saviour\nsuch an obnoxious doctrine to Mussulmen. It is true enough, at times,\noxen are immolated to God, but not to Moorish princes, \"to appease an\noffended potentate.\" One spring, when there was a great drought, the\npeople led up to the hill of Ghamart, near Carthage, a red heifer to be\nslaughtered, in order to appease the displeasure of Deity; and when the\nBey's frigate, which, a short time ago, carried a present to her\nBritannic Majesty, from Tunis to Malta, put back by stress of weather,\ntwo sheep were sacrificed to some tutelar saints, and two guns were\nfired in their honour. The companions of Abd-el-Kader in a storm, during\nhis passage from Oran to Toulon, threw handsful of salt to the raging\ndeep to appease its wild fury. But as to sacrificing human victims,\neither to an incensed Deity, or to man, impiously putting himself in the\nplace of God, the Moors of Barbary have not the least conception of such\nan enormity.\n\nIt would seem, unfortunately, that the practice of the gentleman, who\ntravelled a few miles into the interior of Morocco on a horse-mission,\nhad been to exaggerate everything, and, where effect was wanting, not to\nhave scrupled to have recourse to unadulterated invention. But this\nstyle of writing cannot be defended on any principle, when so serious a\ncase is brought forward as that of sacrificing a human victim to appease\nthe wrath of an incensed sovereign, and that prince now living in\namicable relations with ourselves.\n\n[5] Graeberg de Hemso, whilst consul-general for Sweden and Sardinia (at\nMorocco!) concludes the genealogy of these Mussulman sovereigns with\nthis strange, but Catholic-spirited rhapsody:--\n\n\"Muley Abd-ur-Bakliman, who is now gloriously and happily reigning, whom\nwe pray Almighty God, all Goodness and Power, to protect and exalt by\nprolonging his life, glory, and reign in this world and in the next; and\ngiving him, during eternity, the heavenly beatitude, in order that his\nsoul, in the same manner as flame to flame, river to sea, may be united\nwith his sweetest, most perfect and ineffable Creator. Amen.\"\n\n[6] Yezeed was half-Irish, born of the renegade widow of an Irish\nsergeant of the corps of Sappers and Miners, who was placed at the\ndisposition of this government by England, and who died in Morocco. On\nhis death, the facile, buxom widow was admitted, \"nothing loath,\" into\nthe harem of Sidi-Mohammed, who boasted of having within its sacred\nenclosure of love and bliss, a woman from every clime.\n\nHere the daughter of Erin brought forth this ferocious tyrant, whose\nmaxim of carnage, and of inflicting suffering on humanity was, \"My\nempire can never be well governed, unless a stream of blood flows from\nthe gate of the palace to the gate of the city.\" To do Yezeed justice,\nhe followed out the instincts of his birth, and made war on all the\nworld except the English (or Irish). Tully's Letters on Tripoli give a\ngraphic account of the exploits of Yezeed, who, to his inherent cruelty,\nadded a fondness for practical (Hibernian) jokes.\n\nHis father sent him several times on a pilgrimage to Mecca to expiate\nhis crimes, when he amused, or alarmed, all the people whose countries\nhe passed through, by his terrific vagaries. One day he would cut off\nthe heads of a couple of his domestics, and play at bowls with them;\nanother day, he would ride across the path of an European, or a consul,\nand singe his whiskers with the discharge of a pistol-shot; another day,\nhe would collect all the poor of a district, and gorge them with a\nrazzia he had made on the effects of some rich over-fed Bashaw. The\nmultitude sometimes implored heaven's blessing on the head of Yezeed. at\nother times trembled for their own heads. Meanwhile, our European\nconsuls made profound obeisance to this son of the Shereef, enthroned in\nthe West. So the tyrant passed the innocent days of his pilgrimage. So\nthe godless herd of mankind acquiesced in the divine rights of royalty.\n\n[7] See Appendix at the end of this volume.\n\n[8] The middle Western Region consists of Algiers and part of Tunis.\n\n[9] Pliny, the Elder, confirms this tradition mentioned by Pliny. Marcus\nYarron reports, \"that in all Spain there are spread Iberians, Persians,\nPhoenicians, Celts, and Carthaginians.\" (Lib. iii. chap. 2).\n\n[10] In Latin, Mauri, Maurice, Maurici, Maurusci, and it is supposed, so\ncalled by the Greeks from their dark complexions.\n\n[11] The more probable derivation of this word is from _bar_, signifying\nland, or earth, in contradistinction from the sea, or desert, beyond the\ncultivable lands to the South. To give the term more force it is\ndoubled, after the style of the Semitic reduplication. De Haedo de la\nCaptividad gives a characteristic derivation, like a genuine hidalgo,\nwho proclaimed eternal war against Los Moros. He says--\"Moors, Alartes,\nCabayles, and some Turks, form all of them a dirty, lazy, inhuman,\nindomitable nation of beasts, and it is for this reason that, for the\nlast few years, I have accustomed myself to call that land the land of\nBarbary.\"\n\n[12] Procopius, de Bello Vandilico, lib. ii. cap. 10.\n\n[13] Some derive it from _Sarak_, an Arabic word which signifies to\nsteal, and hence, call the conquerors thieves. Others, and with more\nprobability, derive it from _Sharak_, the east, and make them Orientals,\nand others say there is an Arabic word _Saracini_, which means a\npastoral people, and assert that Saracine is a corruption from it, the\nnew Arabian immigrants being supposed to have been pastoral tribes.\n\n[14] Some suppose that _Amayeegh_ means \"great,\" and the tribes thus\ndistinguished themselves, as our neighbours are wont to do by the phrase\n\"la grande nation.\" The Shoulah are vulgarly considered to be descended\nfrom the Philistines, and to have fled before Joshua on the conquest of\nPalestine.\n\nIn his translation of the Description of Spain, by the Shereef El-Edris\n(Madrid, 1799), Don Josef Antonio Conde speaks of the Berbers in a\nnote--\n\n\"Masmuda, one of the five principal tribes of Barbaria; the others are\nZeneta, called Zenetes in our novels and histories, Sanhagha which we\nname Zenagas; Gomesa is spelt in our histories Gomares and Gomeles.\nHuroara, some of these were originally from Arabia; there were others,\nbut not so distinguished. La de Ketama was, according to tradition,\nAfrican, one of the most ancient, for having come with Afrikio.\n\n\"Ben Kis Ben Taifi Ben Teba, the younger, who came from the king of the\nAssyrians, to the land of the west.\n\n\"None of these primitive tribes appear to have been known to the Romans,\ntheir historians, however, have transmitted to us many names of other\naboriginal tribes, some of which resemble fractions now existing, as the\nGetules are probably the present Geudala or Geuzoula. But the present\nBerbers do not correspond with the names of the five original people\njust mentioned. In Morocco, there are Amayeegh and Shelouh, in Algeria\nthe Kabyles, in Tunis the Aoures, sometimes the Shouwiah, and in Sahara\nthe Touarichs. There are, besides, numerous subdivisions and admixtures\nof these tribes.\"\n\n[15] Monsieur Balbi is decidedly the most recent, as well as the best\nauthority to apply to for a short and definite description of this most\ncelebrated mountain system, called by him \"Systeme Atlantique,\" and I\nshall therefore annex what he says on this interesting subject,\n\"Orographie.\" He says--\"Of the 'Systeme Atlantique,' which derives its\nname from the Mount Atlas, renowned for so many centuries, and still so\nlittle known; we include in this vast system, all the heights of the\nregion of Maghreb--we mean the mountain of the Barbary States--as well\nas the elevations scattered in the immense Sahara or Desert. It appears\nthat the most important ridge extends from the neighbourhood of Cape\nNoun, or the Atlantic, as far as the east of the Great Syrte in the\nState of Tripoli. In this vast space it crosses the new State of\nSidi-Hesdham, the Empire of Morocco, the former State of Algiers, as\nwell as the State of Tripoli and the Regency of Tunis. It is in the\nEmpire of Morocco, and especially in the east of the town of Morocco,\nand in the south-east of Fez, that that ridge presents the greatest\nheights of the whole system. It goes on diminishing afterwards in height\nas it extends towards the east, so that it appears the summits of the\nterritory of Algiers are higher than those on the territory of Tunis,\nand the latter are less high than those to be found in the State of\nTripoli. Several secondary ridges diverge in different directions from\nthe principal chain; we shall name among them the one which ends at the\nStrait of Gibraltar in the Empire of Morocco. Several intermediary\nmountains seem to connect with one another the secondary chains which\nintersect the territories of Algiers and Tunis. Geographers call Little\nAtlas the secondary mountains of the land of Sous, in opposition to the\nname of Great Atlas, they give to the high mountains of the Empire of\nMorocco. In that part of the principal chain called Mount Gharian, in\nthe south of Tripoli, several low branches branch off and under the\nnames of Mounts Maray, Black Mount Haroudje, Mount Liberty, Mount\nTiggerandoumma and others less known, furrow the great solitudes of the\nDesert of Lybia and Sahara Proper. From observations made on the spot by\nMr. Bruguiere in the former state of Algiers, the great chain which\nseveral geographers traced beyond the Little Atlas under the name of\nGreat Atlas does not exist. The inhabitants of Mediah who were\nquestioned on the subject by this traveller, told him positively, that\nthe way from that town to the Sahara was through a ground more or less\nelevated, and s more or less steep, and without having any chain of\nmountains to cross. The Pass of Teniah which leads from Algiers to\nMediah is, therefore, included in the principal chain of that part of\nthe Regency.\n\n[16] Xenophon, in his Anabasis, speaks of ostriches in Mesopotamia being\nrun down by fleet horses.\n\n[17] Mount Atlas was called Dyris by the ancient aborigines, or Derem,\nits name amongst the modern aborigines. This word has been compared to\nthe Hebrew, signifying the place or aspect of the sun at noon-day, as if\nMount Atlas was the back of the world, or the cultivated parts of the\nglobe, and over which the sun was seen at full noon, in all his fierce\nand glorious splendour. Bochart connects the term with the Hebrew\nmeaning 'great' or 'mighty,' which epithet would be naturally applied to\nthe Atlas, and all mountains, by either a savage or civilized people. We\nhave, also, on the northern coast, Russadirum, the name given by the\nMoors to Cape Bon, which is evidently a compound of _Ras_, head, and\n_dirum_, mountain, or the head of the mountain.\n\nWe have again the root of this word in Doa-el-Hamman, Tibet Deera, &c.,\nthe names of separate chains of the mighty Atlas. Any way, the modern\nDer-en is seen to be the same with the ancient Dir-is.\n\n[18] The only way of obtaining any information at all, is through the\nregisters of taxation; and, to the despotism and exactions of these and\nmost governments, we owe a knowledge of the proximate amount of the\nnumbers of mankind.\n\n[19] Tangier, Mogador, Wadnoun, and Sous have already been described,\nwholly, or in part.\n\n[20] In 936, Arzila was sacked by the English, and remained for twenty\nyears uninhabited.\n\n[21] According to Mr. Hay, a portion of the Salee Rovers seem to have\nfinally taken refuge here. Up the river El-Kous, the Imperial squadron\nlay in ordinary, consisting of a corvette, two brigs, (once\nmerchant-vessels, and which had been bought of Christians), and a\nschooner, with some few gun-boats, and even these two or three vessels\nwere said to be all unfit for sea. But, when Great Britain captured the\nrock of Gibraltar, we, supplanting the Moors became the formidable\ntoll-keepers of the Herculean Straits, and the Salee rivers have ever\nsince been in our power. If the Shereefs have levied war or tribute on\nEuropean navies since that periods it has been under our tacit sanction.\nThe opinion of Nelson is not the less true, that, should England engage\nin war with any maritime State of Europe, Morocco must be our warm and\nactive friend or enemy, and, if our enemy, we must again possess\nourselves of our old garrison of Tangier.\n\n[22] So called, it is supposed, from the quantity of aniseed grown in\nthe neighbourhood.\n\n[23] Near Cape Blanco is the ruined town of Tit or Tet, supposed to be\nof Carthaginian origin, and once also possessed by the Portuguese, when\ncommerce therein flourished.\n\n[24] El-Kesar is a very common name of a fortified town, and is usually\nwritten by the Spaniards Alcazar, being the name of the celebrated royal\npalace at Seville.\n\n[25] Marmol makes this city to have succeeded the ancient Roman town of\nSilda or Gilda. Mequinez has been called Ez-Zetounah, from the immense\nquantities of olives in its immediate vicinity.\n\n[26] Don J. A. Conde says--\"Fes or sea Fez, the capital of the realm of\nthat name; the fables of its origin, and the grandeur of the Moors, who\nalways speak of their cities as foundations of heroes, or lords of the\nwhole world, &c., a foible of which our historians are guilty.\nNasir-Eddin and the same Ullug Beig say, for certain, that Fez is the\ncourt of the king in the west. I must observe here, that nothing is less\nauthentic than the opinions given by Casiri in his Library of the\nEscurial, that by the word Algarb, they always mean the west of Spain,\nand by the word Almagreb, the west of Africa; one of these appellations\nis generally used for the other. The same Casiri says, with regard to\nFez, that it was founded by Edno Ben Abdallah, under the reign of\nAlmansor Abu Giafar; he is quite satisfied with that assertion, but does\nnot perceive that it contains a glaring anachronism. Fez was already a\nvery ancient city before the Mohammed Anuabi of the Mussulmen, and\nJoseph, in his A. J., mentions a city of Mauritania; the prophet Nahum\nspeaks of it also, when he addresses Ninive, he presents it as an\nexample for No Ammon. He enumerates its districts and cities, and says,\nFut and Lubim, Fez and Lybia, &c.\n\n[27] I imagine we shall never know the truth of this until the French\nmarch an army into Fez, and sack the library.\n\n[28] It is true enough what the governor says about _quietness_, but the\nnovelty of the mission turned the heads of the people, and made a great\nnoise among them. The slave-dealers of Sous vowed vengeance against me,\nand threatened to \"rip open my bowels\" if I went down there.\n\n[29] The Sultan's Minister, Ben Oris, addressing our government on the\nquestion says, \"Whosoever sets any person free God will set his soul\nfree from the fire,\" (hell), quoting the Koran.\n\n[30] A person going to the Emperor without a present, is like a menace\nat court, for a present corresponds to our \"good morning.\"\n\n[31] _Bash_, means chief, as Bash-Mameluke, chief of the Mamelukes. It\nis a Turkish term.\n\n[32] This office answers vulgarly to our _Boots_ at English inns.\n\n[33] Bismilla, Arabic for \"In the name of God!\" the Mohammedan grace\nbefore meat, and also drink.\n\n[34] Shaw says.--\"The hobara is of the bigness of a capon, it feeds upon\nthe little grubs or insects, and frequents the confines of the Desert.\nThe body is of a light dun or yellowish colour, and marked over with\nlittle brown touches, whilst the larger feathers of the wing are black,\nwith each of them a white spot near the middle; those of the neck are\nwhitish with black streaks, and are long and erected when the bird is\nattacked. The bill is flat like the starling's, nearly an inch and a\nhalf long, and the legs agree in shape and in the want of the hinder toe\nwith the bustard's, but it is not, as Golins says, the bustard, that\nbird being twice as big as the hobara. Nothing can be more entertaining\nthan to see this bird pursued by the hawk, and what a variety of flights\nand stratagems it makes use of to escape.\" The French call the hobara, a\nlittle bustard, _poule de Carthage_, or Carthage-fowl. They are\nfrequently sold in the market of Tunis, as ordinary fowls, but eat\nsomething like pheasant, and their flesh is red.\n\n[35] The most grandly beautiful view in Tunis is that from the\nBelvidere, about a mile north-west from the capital, looking immediately\nover the Marsa road. Here, on a hill of very moderate elevation, you\nhave the most beautiful as well as the most magnificent panoramic view\nof sea and lake, mountain and plain, town and village, in the whole\nRegency, or perhaps in any other part of North Africa. There are besides\nmany lovely walks around the capital, particularly among and around the\ncraggy heights of the south-east. But these are little frequented by the\nEuropean residents, the women especially, who are so stay-at-homeative\nthat the greater part of them never walked round the suburbs once in\ntheir lives. Europeans generally prefer the Marina, lined on each side,\nnot with pleasant trees, but dead animals, sending forth a most\noffensive smell.\n\n[36] Shaw says: \"The rhaad, or safsaf, is a granivorous and gregarious\nbird, which wanteth the hinder toe. There are two species, and both\nabout and a little larger than the ordinary pullet. The belly of both is\nwhite, back and wings of a buff colour spotted with brown, tail lighter\nand marked all along with black transverse streaks, beak and legs\nstronger than the partridge. The name rhaad, \"thunder,\" is given to it\nfrom the noise it makes on the ground when it rises, safsaf, from its\nbeating the air, a sound imitating the motion.\"\n\n[37] Ghafsa, whose name Bochart derives from the Hebrew \"comprimere,\"\nis an ancient city, claiming as its august founder, the Libyan\nHercules. It was one of the principal towns in the dominions of\nJugurtha, and well-fortified, rendered secure by being placed in the\nmidst of immense deserts, fabled to have been inhabited solely by\nsnakes and serpents. Marius took it by a _coup-de-main_, and put all\nthe inhabitants to the sword. The modern city is built on a gentle\neminence, between two arid mountains, and, in a great part, with the\nmaterials of the ancient one. Ghafsa has no wall of _euceinte_, or\nrather a ruined wall surrounds it, and is defended by a kasbah,\ncontaining a small garrison. This place may be called the gate of the\nTunisian Sahara; it is the limit of Blad-el-Jereed; the sands begin now\nto disappear, and the land becomes better, and more suited to the\ncultivation of corn. Three villages are situated in the environs, Sala,\nEl-Kesir, and El-Ghetar. A fraction of the tribe of Hammand deposit\ntheir grain in Ghafsa. This town is famous for its manufactories of\nbaraeans and blankets ornamented with pretty flowers. There is\nalso a nitre and powder-manufactory, the former obtained from the earth\nby a very rude process.\n\nThe environs are beautifully laid out in plantations of the fig, the\npomegranate, and the orange, and especially the datepalm, and the\nolive-tree. The oil made here is of peculiarly good quality, and is\nexported to Tugurt, and other oases of the Desert.\n\n[38] Kaemtz's Meteorology, p. 191.\n\n[39] This is the national dish of Barbary, and is a preparation of\nwheat-flour granulated, boiled by the steam of meat. It is most\nnutritive, and is eaten with or without meat and vegetables. When the\ngrains are large, it is called hamza.\n\n[40] A camel-load is about five cantars, and a cantar is a hundred\nweight.\n\n\n\n\n[Transcriber's Note: In this electronic edition, the footnotes were\nnumbered and relocated to the end of the work. In ch. 3, \"Mogrel-el-Aska\"\nwas corrected to \"Mogrel-el-Aksa\"; in ch. 4, \"lattely\" to \"lately\"; in\nch. 7, \"book\" to \"brook\"; in ch. 9, \"cirumstances\" to \"circumstances\".\nAlso, \"Amabasis\" was corrected to \"Anabasis\" in footnote 16.]\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Travels in Morocco, Vol. 2., by James Richardson\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Travels-in-Morocco-Volume-2-by-James-Richardson", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1860, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10356"} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by Afra Ullah and the Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIMPRESSIONS OF THEOPHRASTUS SUCH\n\n\nGEORGE ELIOT\n\n\nSecond Edition\n\nWilliam Blackwood and Sons\nEdinburgh and London\nMDCCCLXXIX\n\n\n\n \"Suspicione si quis errabit sua,\n Et rapiet ad se, quod erit commune omnium,\n Stulte nudabit animi conscientiam\n Huic excusatum me velim nihilominus\n Neque enim notare singulos mens est mihi,\n Verum ipsam vitam et mores hominum ostendere\"\n\n --Phaedrus\n\n\nCONTENTS\n\n\n I. LOOKING INWARD\n\n II. LOOKING BACKWARD\n\n III. HOW WE ENCOURAGE RESEARCH\n\n IV. A MAN SURPRISED AT HIS ORIGINALITY\n\n V. A TOO DEFERENTIAL MAN\n\n VI. ONLY TEMPER\n\n VII. A POLITICAL MOLECULE\n\n VIII. THE WATCH-DOG OF KNOWLEDGE\n\n IX. A HALF-BREED\n\n X. DEBASING THE MORAL CURRENCY\n\n XI. THE WASP CREDITED WITH THE HONEYCOMB\n\n XII. \"SO YOUNG!\"\n\n XIII. HOW WE COME TO GIVE OURSELVES FALSE\n TESTIMONIALS, AND BELIEVE IN THEM\n\n XIV. THE TOO READY WRITER\n\n XV. DISEASES OF SMALL AUTHORSHIP\n\n XVI. MORAL SWINDLERS\n\n XVII. SHADOWS OF THE COMING RACE\n\nXVIII. THE MODERN HEP! HEP! HEP!\n\n\n\nI.\n\n\nLOOKING INWARD.\n\nIt is my habit to give an account to myself of the characters I meet\nwith: can I give any true account of my own? I am a bachelor, without\ndomestic distractions of any sort, and have all my life been an\nattentive companion to myself, flattering my nature agreeably on\nplausible occasions, reviling it rather bitterly when it mortified me,\nand in general remembering its doings and sufferings with a tenacity\nwhich is too apt to raise surprise if not disgust at the careless\ninaccuracy of my acquaintances, who impute to me opinions I never held,\nexpress their desire to convert me to my favourite ideas, forget whether\nI have ever been to the East, and are capable of being three several\ntimes astonished at my never having told them before of my accident in\nthe Alps, causing me the nervous shock which has ever since notably\ndiminished my digestive powers. Surely I ought to know myself better\nthan these indifferent outsiders can know me; nay, better even than my\nintimate friends, to whom I have never breathed those items of my inward\nexperience which have chiefly shaped my life.\n\nYet I have often been forced into the reflection that even the\nacquaintances who are as forgetful of my biography and tenets as they\nwould be if I were a dead philosopher, are probably aware of certain\npoints in me which may not be included in my most active suspicion. We\nsing an exquisite passage out of tune and innocently repeat it for the\ngreater pleasure of our hearers. Who can be aware of what his foreign\naccent is in the ears of a native? And how can a man be conscious of\nthat dull perception which causes him to mistake altogether what will\nmake him agreeable to a particular woman, and to persevere eagerly in a\nbehaviour which she is privately recording against him? I have had some\nconfidences from my female friends as to their opinion of other men whom\nI have observed trying to make themselves amiable, and it has occurred\nto me that though I can hardly be so blundering as Lippus and the rest\nof those mistaken candidates for favour whom I have seen ruining their\nchance by a too elaborate personal canvass, I must still come under the\ncommon fatality of mankind and share the liability to be absurd without\nknowing that I am absurd. It is in the nature of foolish reasoning to\nseem good to the foolish reasoner. Hence with all possible study of\nmyself, with all possible effort to escape from the pitiable illusion\nwhich makes men laugh, shriek, or curl the lip at Folly's likeness, in\ntotal unconsciousness that it resembles themselves, I am obliged to\nrecognise that while there are secrets in me unguessed by others, these\nothers have certain items of knowledge about the extent of my powers and\nthe figure I make with them, which in turn are secrets unguessed by me.\nWhen I was a lad I danced a hornpipe with arduous scrupulosity, and\nwhile suffering pangs of pallid shyness was yet proud of my superiority\nas a dancing pupil, imagining for myself a high place in the estimation\nof beholders; but I can now picture the amusement they had in the\nincongruity of my solemn face and ridiculous legs. What sort of hornpipe\nam I dancing now?\n\nThus if I laugh at you, O fellow-men! if I trace with curious interest\nyour labyrinthine self-delusions, note the inconsistencies in your\nzealous adhesions, and smile at your helpless endeavours in a rashly\nchosen part, it is not that I feel myself aloof from you: the more\nintimately I seem to discern your weaknesses, the stronger to me is the\nproof that I share them. How otherwise could I get the discernment?--for\neven what we are averse to, what we vow not to entertain, must have\nshaped or shadowed itself within us as a possibility before we can think\nof exorcising it. No man can know his brother simply as a spectator.\nDear blunderers, I am one of you. I wince at the fact, but I am not\nignorant of it, that I too am laughable on unsuspected occasions; nay,\nin the very tempest and whirlwind of my anger, I include myself under my\nown indignation. If the human race has a bad reputation, I perceive that\nI cannot escape being compromised. And thus while I carry in myself the\nkey to other men's experience, it is only by observing others that I can\nso far correct my self-ignorance as to arrive at the certainty that I am\nliable to commit myself unawares and to manifest some incompetency which\nI know no more of than the blind man knows of his image in the glass.\n\nIs it then possible to describe oneself at once faithfully and fully? In\nall autobiography there is, nay, ought to be, an incompleteness which\nmay have the effect of falsity. We are each of us bound to reticence by\nthe piety we owe to those who have been nearest to us and have had a\nmingled influence over our lives; by the fellow-feeling which should\nrestrain us from turning our volunteered and picked confessions into an\nact of accusation against others, who have no chance of vindicating\nthemselves; and most of all by that reverence for the higher efforts of\nour common nature, which commands us to bury its lowest fatalities, its\ninvincible remnants of the brute, its most agonising struggles with\ntemptation, in unbroken silence. But the incompleteness which comes of\nself-ignorance may be compensated by self-betrayal. A man who is\naffected to tears in dwelling on the generosity of his own sentiments\nmakes me aware of several things not included under those terms. Who has\nsinned more against those three duteous reticences than Jean Jacques?\nYet half our impressions of his character come not from what he means to\nconvey, but from what he unconsciously enables us to discern.\n\nThis _naive_ veracity of self-presentation is attainable by the\nslenderest talent on the most trivial occasions. The least lucid and\nimpressive of orators may be perfectly successful in showing us the weak\npoints of his grammar. Hence I too may be so far like Jean Jacques as to\ncommunicate more than I am aware of. I am not indeed writing an\nautobiography, or pretending to give an unreserved description of\nmyself, but only offering some slight confessions in an apologetic\nlight, to indicate that if in my absence you dealt as freely with my\nunconscious weaknesses as I have dealt with the unconscious weaknesses\nof others, I should not feel myself warranted by common-sense in\nregarding your freedom of observation as an exceptional case of\nevil-speaking; or as malignant interpretation of a character which\nreally offers no handle to just objection; or even as an unfair use for\nyour amusement of disadvantages which, since they are mine, should be\nregarded with more than ordinary tenderness. Let me at least try to feel\nmyself in the ranks with my fellow-men. It is true, that I would rather\nnot hear either your well-founded ridicule or your judicious strictures.\nThough not averse to finding fault with myself, and conscious of\ndeserving lashes, I like to keep the scourge in my own discriminating\nhand. I never felt myself sufficiently meritorious to like being hated\nas a proof of my superiority, or so thirsty for improvement as to desire\nthat all my acquaintances should give me their candid opinion of me. I\nreally do not want to learn from my enemies: I prefer having none to\nlearn from. Instead of being glad when men use me despitefully, I wish\nthey would behave better and find a more amiable occupation for their\nintervals of business. In brief, after a close intimacy with myself for\na longer period than I choose to mention, I find within me a permanent\nlonging for approbation, sympathy, and love.\n\nYet I am a bachelor, and the person I love best has never loved me, or\nknown that I loved her. Though continually in society, and caring about\nthe joys and sorrows of my neighbours, I feel myself, so far as my\npersonal lot is concerned, uncared for and alone. \"Your own fault, my\ndear fellow!\" said Minutius Felix, one day that I had incautiously\nmentioned this uninteresting fact. And he was right--in senses other\nthan he intended. Why should I expect to be admired, and have my company\ndoated on? I have done no services to my country beyond those of every\npeaceable orderly citizen; and as to intellectual contribution, my only\npublished work was a failure, so that I am spoken of to inquiring\nbeholders as \"the author of a book you have probably not seen.\" (The\nwork was a humorous romance, unique in its kind, and I am told is much\ntasted in a Cherokee translation, where the jokes are rendered with all\nthe serious eloquence characteristic of the Red races.) This sort of\ndistinction, as a writer nobody is likely to have read, can hardly\ncounteract an indistinctness in my articulation, which the\nbest-intentioned loudness will not remedy. Then, in some quarters my\nawkward feet are against me, the length of my upper lip, and an\ninveterate way I have of walking with my head foremost and my chin\nprojecting. One can become only too well aware of such things by looking\nin the glass, or in that other mirror held up to nature in the frank\nopinions of street-boys, or of our Free People travelling by excursion\ntrain; and no doubt they account for the half-suppressed smile which I\nhave observed on some fair faces when I have first been presented before\nthem. This direct perceptive judgment is not to be argued against. But I\nam tempted to remonstrate when the physical points I have mentioned are\napparently taken to warrant unfavourable inferences concerning my mental\nquickness. With all the increasing uncertainty which modern progress has\nthrown over the relations of mind and body, it seems tolerably clear\nthat wit cannot be seated in the upper lip, and that the balance of the\nhaunches in walking has nothing to do with the subtle discrimination of\nideas. Yet strangers evidently do not expect me to make a clever\nobservation, and my good things are as unnoticed as if they were\nanonymous pictures. I have indeed had the mixed satisfaction of finding\nthat when they were appropriated by some one else they were found\nremarkable and even brilliant. It is to be borne in mind that I am not\nrich, have neither stud nor cellar, and no very high connections such as\ngive to a look of imbecility a certain prestige of inheritance through a\ntitled line; just as \"the Austrian lip\" confers a grandeur of historical\nassociations on a kind of feature which might make us reject an\nadvertising footman. I have now and then done harm to a good cause by\nspeaking for it in public, and have discovered too late that my attitude\non the occasion would more suitably have been that of negative\nbeneficence. Is it really to the advantage of an opinion that I should\nbe known to hold it? And as to the force of my arguments, that is a\nsecondary consideration with audiences who have given a new scope to the\n_ex pede Herculem_ principle, and from awkward feet infer awkward\nfallacies. Once, when zeal lifted me on my legs, I distinctly heard an\nenlightened artisan remark, \"Here's a rum cut!\"--and doubtless he\nreasoned in the same way as the elegant Glycera when she politely puts\non an air of listening to me, but elevates her eyebrows and chills her\nglance in sign of predetermined neutrality: both have their reasons for\njudging the quality of my speech beforehand.\n\nThis sort of reception to a man of affectionate disposition, who has\nalso the innocent vanity of desiring to be agreeable, has naturally a\ndepressing if not embittering tendency; and in early life I began to\nseek for some consoling point of view, some warrantable method of\nsoftening the hard peas I had to walk on, some comfortable fanaticism\nwhich might supply the needed self-satisfaction. At one time I dwelt\nmuch on the idea of compensation; trying to believe that I was all the\nwiser for my bruised vanity, that I had the higher place in the true\nspiritual scale, and even that a day might come when some visible\ntriumph would place me in the French heaven of having the laughers on my\nside. But I presently perceived that this was a very odious sort of\nself-cajolery. Was it in the least true that I was wiser than several of\nmy friends who made an excellent figure, and were perhaps praised a\nlittle beyond their merit? Is the ugly unready man in the corner,\noutside the current of conversation, really likely to have a fairer\nview of things than the agreeable talker, whose success strikes the\nunsuccessful as a repulsive example of forwardness and conceit? And as\nto compensation in future years, would the fact that I myself got it\nreconcile me to an order of things in which I could see a multitude with\nas bad a share as mine, who, instead of getting their corresponding\ncompensation, were getting beyond the reach of it in old age? What could\nbe more contemptible than the mood of mind which makes a man measure the\njustice of divine or human law by the agreeableness of his own shadow\nand the ample satisfaction of his own desires?\n\nI dropped a form of consolation which seemed to be encouraging me in the\npersuasion that my discontent was the chief evil in the world, and my\nbenefit the soul of good in that evil. May there not be at least a\npartial release from the imprisoning verdict that a man's philosophy is\nthe formula of his personality? In certain branches of science we can\nascertain our personal equation, the measure of difference between our\nown judgments and an average standard: may there not be some\ncorresponding correction of our personal partialities in moral\ntheorising? If a squint or other ocular defect disturbs my vision, I can\nget instructed in the fact, be made aware that my condition is abnormal,\nand either through spectacles or diligent imagination I can learn the\naverage appearance of things: is there no remedy or corrective for that\ninward squint which consists in a dissatisfied egoism or other want of\nmental balance? In my conscience I saw that the bias of personal\ndiscontent was just as misleading and odious as the bias of\nself-satisfaction. Whether we look through the rose- glass or\nthe indigo, we are equally far from the hues which the healthy human eye\nbeholds in heaven above and earth below. I began to dread ways of\nconsoling which were really a flattering of native illusions, a\nfeeding-up into monstrosity of an inward growth already\ndisproportionate; to get an especial scorn for that scorn of mankind\nwhich is a transmuted disappointment of preposterous claims; to watch\nwith peculiar alarm lest what I called my philosophic estimate of the\nhuman lot in general, should be a mere prose lyric expressing my own\npain and consequent bad temper. The standing-ground worth striving after\nseemed to be some Delectable Mountain, whence I could see things in\nproportions as little as possible determined by that self-partiality\nwhich certainly plays a necessary part in our bodily sustenance, but has\na starving effect on the mind.\n\nThus I finally gave up any attempt to make out that I preferred cutting\na bad figure, and that I liked to be despised, because in this way I was\ngetting more virtuous than my successful rivals; and I have long looked\nwith suspicion on all views which are recommended as peculiarly\nconsolatory to wounded vanity or other personal disappointment. The\nconsolations of egoism are simply a change of attitude or a resort to a\nnew kind of diet which soothes and fattens it. Fed in this way it is apt\nto become a monstrous spiritual pride, or a chuckling satisfaction that\nthe final balance will not be against us but against those who now\neclipse us. Examining the world in order to find consolation is very\nmuch like looking carefully over the pages of a great book in order to\nfind our own name, if not in the text, at least in a laudatory note:\nwhether we find what we want or not, our preoccupation has hindered us\nfrom a true knowledge of the contents. But an attention fixed on the\nmain theme or various matter of the book would deliver us from that\nslavish subjection to our own self-importance. And I had the mighty\nvolume of the world before me. Nay, I had the struggling action of a\nmyriad lives around me, each single life as dear to itself as mine to\nme. Was there no escape here from this stupidity of a murmuring\nself-occupation? Clearly enough, if anything hindered my thought from\nrising to the force of passionately interested contemplation, or my poor\npent-up pond of sensitiveness from widening into a beneficent river of\nsympathy, it was my own dulness; and though I could not make myself the\nreverse of shallow all at once, I had at least learned where I had\nbetter turn my attention.\n\nSomething came of this alteration in my point of view, though I admit\nthat the result is of no striking kind. It is unnecessary for me to\nutter modest denials, since none have assured me that I have a vast\nintellectual scope, or--what is more surprising, considering I have\ndone so little--that I might, if I chose, surpass any distinguished man\nwhom they wish to depreciate. I have not attained any lofty peak of\nmagnanimity, nor would I trust beforehand in my capability of meeting a\nsevere demand for moral heroism. But that I have at least succeeded in\nestablishing a habit of mind which keeps watch against my\nself-partiality and promotes a fair consideration of what touches the\nfeelings or the fortunes of my neighbours, seems to be proved by the\nready confidence with which men and women appeal to my interest in their\nexperience. It is gratifying to one who would above all things avoid the\ninsanity of fancying himself a more momentous or touching object than he\nreally is, to find that nobody expects from him the least sign of such\nmental aberration, and that he is evidently held capable of listening to\nall kinds of personal outpouring without the least disposition to become\ncommunicative in the same way. This confirmation of the hope that my\nbearing is not that of the self-flattering lunatic is given me in ample\nmeasure. My acquaintances tell me unreservedly of their triumphs and\ntheir piques; explain their purposes at length, and reassure me with\ncheerfulness as to their chances of success; insist on their theories\nand accept me as a dummy with whom they rehearse their side of future\ndiscussions; unwind their coiled-up griefs in relation to their\nhusbands, or recite to me examples of feminine incomprehensibleness as\ntypified in their wives; mention frequently the fair applause which\ntheir merits have wrung from some persons, and the attacks to which\ncertain oblique motives have stimulated others. At the time when I was\nless free from superstition about my own power of charming, I\noccasionally, in the glow of sympathy which embraced me and my confiding\nfriend on the subject of his satisfaction or resentment, was urged to\nhint at a corresponding experience in my own case; but the signs of a\nrapidly lowering pulse and spreading nervous depression in my previously\nvivacious interlocutor, warned me that I was acting on that dangerous\nmisreading, \"Do as you are done by.\" Recalling the true version of the\ngolden rule, I could not wish that others should lower my spirits as I\nwas lowering my friend's. After several times obtaining the same result\nfrom a like experiment in which all the circumstances were varied except\nmy own personality, I took it as an established inference that these\nfitful signs of a lingering belief in my own importance were generally\nfelt to be abnormal, and were something short of that sanity which I\naimed to secure. Clearness on this point is not without its\ngratifications, as I have said. While my desire to explain myself in\nprivate ears has been quelled, the habit of getting interested in the\nexperience of others has been continually gathering strength, and I am\nreally at the point of finding that this world would be worth living in\nwithout any lot of one's own. Is it not possible for me to enjoy the\nscenery of the earth without saying to myself, I have a cabbage-garden\nin it? But this sounds like the lunacy of fancying oneself everybody\nelse and being unable to play one's own part decently--another form of\nthe disloyal attempt to be independent of the common lot, and to live\nwithout a sharing of pain.\n\nPerhaps I have made self-betrayals enough already to show that I have\nnot arrived at that non-human independence. My conversational\nreticences about myself turn into garrulousness on paper--as the\nsea-lion plunges and swims the more energetically because his limbs are\nof a sort to make him shambling on land. The act of writing, in spite of\npast experience, brings with it the vague, delightful illusion of an\naudience nearer to my idiom than the Cherokees, and more numerous than\nthe visionary One for whom many authors have declared themselves willing\nto go through the pleasing punishment of publication. My illusion is of\na more liberal kind, and I imagine a far-off, hazy, multitudinous\nassemblage, as in a picture of Paradise, making an approving chorus to\nthe sentences and paragraphs of which I myself particularly enjoy the\nwriting. The haze is a necessary condition. If any physiognomy becomes\ndistinct in the foreground, it is fatal. The countenance is sure to be\none bent on discountenancing my innocent intentions: it is pale-eyed,\nincapable of being amused when I am amused or indignant at what makes me\nindignant; it stares at my presumption, pities my ignorance, or is\nmanifestly preparing to expose the various instances in which I\nunconsciously disgrace myself. I shudder at this too corporeal auditor,\nand turn towards another point of the compass where the haze is\nunbroken. Why should I not indulge this remaining illusion, since I do\nnot take my approving choral paradise as a warrant for setting the press\nto work again and making some thousand sheets of superior paper\nunsaleable? I leave my manuscripts to a judgment outside my imagination,\nbut I will not ask to hear it, or request my friend to pronounce, before\nI have been buried decently, what he really thinks of my parts, and to\nstate candidly whether my papers would be most usefully applied in\nlighting the cheerful domestic fire. It is too probable that he will be\nexasperated at the trouble I have given him of reading them; but the\nconsequent clearness and vivacity with which he could demonstrate to me\nthat the fault of my manuscripts, as of my one published work, is simply\nflatness, and not that surpassing subtilty which is the preferable\nground of popular neglect--this verdict, however instructively\nexpressed, is a portion of earthly discipline of which I will not\nbeseech my friend to be the instrument. Other persons, I am aware, have\nnot the same cowardly shrinking from a candid opinion of their\nperformances, and are even importunately eager for it; but I have\nconvinced myself in numerous cases that such exposers of their own back\nto the smiter were of too hopeful a disposition to believe in the\nscourge, and really trusted in a pleasant anointing, an outpouring of\nbalm without any previous wounds. I am of a less trusting disposition,\nand will only ask my friend to use his judgment in insuring me against\nposthumous mistake.\n\nThus I make myself a charter to write, and keep the pleasing, inspiring\nillusion of being listened to, though I may sometimes write about\nmyself. What I have already said on this too familiar theme has been\nmeant only as a preface, to show that in noting the weaknesses of my\nacquaintances I am conscious of my fellowship with them. That a\ngratified sense of superiority is at the root of barbarous laughter may\nbe at least half the truth. But there is a loving laughter in which the\nonly recognised superiority is that of the ideal self, the God within,\nholding the mirror and the scourge for our own pettiness as well as our\nneighbours'.\n\n\n\n\nII.\n\n\nLOOKING BACKWARD.\n\nMost of us who have had decent parents would shrink from wishing that\nour father and mother had been somebody else whom we never knew; yet it\nis held no impiety, rather, a graceful mark of instruction, for a man to\nwail that he was not the son of another age and another nation, of which\nalso he knows nothing except through the easy process of an imperfect\nimagination and a flattering fancy.\n\nBut the period thus looked back on with a purely admiring regret, as\nperfect enough to suit a superior mind, is always a long way off; the\ndesirable contemporaries are hardly nearer than Leonardo da Vinci, most\nlikely they are the fellow-citizens of Pericles, or, best of all, of the\nAeolic lyrists whose sparse remains suggest a comfortable contrast with\nour redundance. No impassioned personage wishes he had been born in the\nage of Pitt, that his ardent youth might have eaten the dearest bread,\ndressed itself with the longest coat-tails and the shortest waist, or\nheard the loudest grumbling at the heaviest war-taxes; and it would be\nreally something original in polished verse if one of our young writers\ndeclared he would gladly be turned eighty-five that he might have known\nthe joy and pride of being an Englishman when there were fewer reforms\nand plenty of highwaymen, fewer discoveries and more faces pitted with\nthe small-pox, when laws were made to keep up the price of corn, and the\ntroublesome Irish were more miserable. Three-quarters of a century ago\nis not a distance that lends much enchantment to the view. We are\nfamiliar with the average men of that period, and are still consciously\nencumbered with its bad contrivances and mistaken acts. The lords and\ngentlemen painted by young Lawrence talked and wrote their nonsense in a\ntongue we thoroughly understand; hence their times are not much\nflattered, not much glorified by the yearnings of that modern sect of\nFlagellants who make a ritual of lashing--not themselves but--all their\nneighbours. To me, however, that paternal time, the time of my father's\nyouth, never seemed prosaic, for it came to my imagination first through\nhis memories, which made a wondrous perspective to my little daily world\nof discovery. And for my part I can call no age absolutely unpoetic: how\nshould it be so, since there are always children to whom the acorns and\nthe swallow's eggs are a wonder, always those human passions and\nfatalities through which Garrick as Hamlet in bob-wig and knee-breeches\nmoved his audience more than some have since done in velvet tunic and\nplume? But every age since the golden may be made more or less prosaic\nby minds that attend only to its vulgar and sordid elements, of which\nthere was always an abundance even in Greece and Italy, the favourite\nrealms of the retrospective optimists. To be quite fair towards the\nages, a little ugliness as well as beauty must be allowed to each of\nthem, a little implicit poetry even to those which echoed loudest with\nservile, pompous, and trivial prose.\n\nSuch impartiality is not in vogue at present. If we acknowledge our\nobligation to the ancients, it is hardly to be done without some\nflouting of our contemporaries, who with all their faults must be\nallowed the merit of keeping the world habitable for the refined\neulogists of the blameless past. One wonders whether the remarkable\noriginators who first had the notion of digging wells, or of churning\nfor butter, and who were certainly very useful to their own time as well\nas ours, were left quite free from invidious comparison with\npredecessors who let the water and the milk alone, or whether some\nrhetorical nomad, as he stretched himself on the grass with a good\nappetite for contemporary butter, became loud on the virtue of ancestors\nwho were uncorrupted by the produce of the cow; nay, whether in a high\nflight of imaginative self-sacrifice (after swallowing the butter) he\neven wished himself earlier born and already eaten for the sustenance of\na generation more _naive_ than his own.\n\nI have often had the fool's hectic of wishing about the unalterable, but\nwith me that useless exercise has turned chiefly on the conception of a\ndifferent self, and not, as it usually does in literature, on the\nadvantage of having been born in a different age, and more especially in\none where life is imagined to have been altogether majestic and\ngraceful. With my present abilities, external proportions, and generally\nsmall provision for ecstatic enjoyment, where is the ground for\nconfidence that I should have had a preferable career in such an epoch\nof society? An age in which every department has its awkward-squad seems\nin my mind's eye to suit me better. I might have wandered by the Strymon\nunder Philip and Alexander without throwing any new light on method or\norganising the sum of human knowledge; on the other hand, I might have\nobjected to Aristotle as too much of a systematiser, and have preferred\nthe freedom of a little self-contradiction as offering more chances of\ntruth. I gather, too, from the undeniable testimony of his disciple\nTheophrastus that there were bores, ill-bred persons, and detractors\neven in Athens, of species remarkably corresponding to the English, and\nnot yet made endurable by being classic; and altogether, with my present\nfastidious nostril, I feel that I am the better off for possessing\nAthenian life solely as an inodorous fragment of antiquity. As to\nSappho's Mitylene, while I am convinced that the Lesbian capital held\nsome plain men of middle stature and slow conversational powers, the\naddition of myself to their number, though clad in the majestic folds of\nthe himation and without cravat, would hardly have made a sensation\namong the accomplished fair ones who were so precise in adjusting their\nown drapery about their delicate ankles. Whereas by being another sort\nof person in the present age I might have given it some needful\ntheoretic clue; or I might have poured forth poetic strains which would\nhave anticipated theory and seemed a voice from \"the prophetic soul of\nthe wide world dreaming of things to come;\" or I might have been one of\nthose benignant lovely souls who, without astonishing the public and\nposterity, make a happy difference in the lives close around them, and\nin this way lift the average of earthly joy: in some form or other I\nmight have been so filled from the store of universal existence that I\nshould have been freed from that empty wishing which is like a child's\ncry to be inside a golden cloud, its imagination being too ignorant to\nfigure the lining of dimness and damp.\n\nOn the whole, though there is some rash boasting about enlightenment,\nand an occasional insistance on an originality which is that of the\npresent year's corn-crop, we seem too much disposed to indulge, and to\ncall by complimentary names, a greater charity for other portions of the\nhuman race than for our contemporaries. All reverence and gratitude for\nthe worthy Dead on whose labours we have entered, all care for the\nfuture generations whose lot we are preparing; but some affection and\nfairness for those who are doing the actual work of the world, some\nattempt to regard them with the same freedom from ill-temper, whether on\nprivate or public grounds, as we may hope will be felt by those who will\ncall us ancient! Otherwise, the looking before and after, which is our\ngrand human privilege, is in danger of turning to a sort of\nother-worldliness, breeding a more illogical indifference or bitterness\nthan was ever bred by the ascetic's contemplation of heaven. Except on\nthe ground of a primitive golden age and continuous degeneracy, I see no\nrational footing for scorning the whole present population of the globe,\nunless I scorn every previous generation from whom they have inherited\ntheir diseases of mind and body, and by consequence scorn my own scorn,\nwhich is equally an inheritance of mixed ideas and feelings concocted\nfor me in the boiling caldron of this universally contemptible life, and\nso on--scorning to infinity. This may represent some actual states of\nmind, for it is a narrow prejudice of mathematicians to suppose that\nways of thinking are to be driven out of the field by being reduced to\nan absurdity. The Absurd is taken as an excellent juicy thistle by many\nconstitutions.\n\nReflections of this sort have gradually determined me not to grumble at\nthe age in which I happen to have been born--a natural tendency\ncertainly older than Hesiod. Many ancient beautiful things are lost,\nmany ugly modern things have arisen; but invert the proposition and it\nis equally true. I at least am a modern with some interest in advocating\ntolerance, and notwithstanding an inborn beguilement which carries my\naffection and regret continually into an imagined past, I am aware that\nI must lose all sense of moral proportion unless I keep alive a stronger\nattachment to what is near, and a power of admiring what I best know and\nunderstand. Hence this question of wishing to be rid of one's\ncontemporaries associates itself with my filial feeling, and calls up\nthe thought that I might as justifiably wish that I had had other\nparents than those whose loving tones are my earliest memory, and whose\nlast parting first taught me the meaning of death. I feel bound to quell\nsuch a wish as blasphemy.\n\nBesides, there are other reasons why I am contented that my father was a\ncountry parson, born much about the same time as Scott and Wordsworth;\nnotwithstanding certain qualms I have felt at the fact that the property\non which I am living was saved out of tithe before the period of\ncommutation, and without the provisional transfiguration into a modus.\nIt has sometimes occurred to me when I have been taking a slice of\nexcellent ham that, from a too tenable point of view, I was breakfasting\non a small squealing black pig which, more than half a century ago, was\nthe unwilling representative of spiritual advantages not otherwise\nacknowledged by the grudging farmer or dairyman who parted with him. One\nenters on a fearful labyrinth in tracing compound interest backward, and\nsuch complications of thought have reduced the flavour of the ham; but\nsince I have nevertheless eaten it, the chief effect has been to\nmoderate the severity of my radicalism (which was not part of my\npaternal inheritance) and to raise the assuaging reflection, that if the\npig and the parishioner had been intelligent enough to anticipate my\nhistorical point of view, they would have seen themselves and the rector\nin a light that would have made tithe voluntary. Notwithstanding such\ndrawbacks I am rather fond of the mental furniture I got by having a\nfather who was well acquainted with all ranks of his neighbours, and am\nthankful that he was not one of those aristocratic clergymen who could\nnot have sat down to a meal with any family in the parish except my\nlord's--still more that he was not an earl or a marquis. A chief\nmisfortune of high birth is that it usually shuts a man out from the\nlarge sympathetic knowledge of human experience which comes from contact\nwith various classes on their own level, and in my father's time that\nentail of social ignorance had not been disturbed as we see it now. To\nlook always from overhead at the crowd of one's fellow-men must be in\nmany ways incapacitating, even with the best will and intelligence. The\nserious blunders it must lead to in the effort to manage them for their\ngood, one may see clearly by the mistaken ways people take of flattering\nand enticing those whose associations are unlike their own. Hence I have\nalways thought that the most fortunate Britons are those whose\nexperience has given them a practical share in many aspects of the\nnational lot, who have lived long among the mixed commonalty, roughing\nit with them under difficulties, knowing how their food tastes to them,\nand getting acquainted with their notions and motives not by inference\nfrom traditional types in literature or from philosophical theories, but\nfrom daily fellowship and observation. Of course such experience is apt\nto get antiquated, and my father might find himself much at a loss\namongst a mixed rural population of the present day; but he knew very\nwell what could be wisely expected from the miners, the weavers, the\nfield-labourers, and farmers of his own time--yes, and from the\naristocracy, for he had been brought up in close contact with them and\nhad been companion to a young nobleman who was deaf and dumb. \"A\nclergyman, lad,\" he used to say to me, \"should feel in himself a bit of\nevery class;\" and this theory had a felicitous agreement with his\ninclination and practice, which certainly answered in making him beloved\nby his parishioners. They grumbled at their obligations towards him; but\nwhat then? It was natural to grumble at any demand for payment, tithe\nincluded, but also natural for a rector to desire his tithe and look\nwell after the levying. A Christian pastor who did not mind about his\nmoney was not an ideal prevalent among the rural minds of fat central\nEngland, and might have seemed to introduce a dangerous laxity of\nsupposition about Christian laymen who happened to be creditors. My\nfather was none the less beloved because he was understood to be of a\nsaving disposition, and how could he save without getting his tithe? The\nsight of him was not unwelcome at any door, and he was remarkable among\nthe clergy of his district for having no lasting feud with rich or poor\nin his parish. I profited by his popularity, and for months after my\nmother's death, when I was a little fellow of nine, I was taken care of\nfirst at one homestead and then at another; a variety which I enjoyed\nmuch more than my stay at the Hall, where there was a tutor. Afterwards\nfor several years I was my father's constant companion in his outdoor\nbusiness, riding by his side on my little pony and listening to the\nlengthy dialogues he held with Darby or Joan, the one on the road or in\nthe fields, the other outside or inside her door. In my earliest\nremembrance of him his hair was already grey, for I was his youngest as\nwell as his only surviving child; and it seemed to me that advanced age\nwas appropriate to a father, as indeed in all respects I considered him\na parent so much to my honour, that the mention of my relationship to\nhim was likely to secure me regard among those to whom I was otherwise a\nstranger--my father's stories from his life including so many names of\ndistant persons that my imagination placed no limit to his\nacquaintanceship. He was a pithy talker, and his sermons bore marks of\nhis own composition. It is true, they must have been already old when I\nbegan to listen to them, and they were no more than a year's supply, so\nthat they recurred as regularly as the Collects. But though this system\nhas been much ridiculed, I am prepared to defend it as equally sound\nwith that of a liturgy; and even if my researches had shown me that some\nof my father's yearly sermons had been copied out from the works of\nelder divines, this would only have been another proof of his good\njudgment. One may prefer fresh eggs though laid by a fowl of the meanest\nunderstanding, but why fresh sermons?\n\nNor can I be sorry, though myself given to meditative if not active\ninnovation, that my father was a Tory who had not exactly a dislike to\ninnovators and dissenters, but a slight opinion of them as persons of\nill-founded self-confidence; whence my young ears gathered many details\nconcerning those who might perhaps have called themselves the more\nadvanced thinkers in our nearest market-town, tending to convince me\nthat their characters were quite as mixed as those of the thinkers\nbehind them. This circumstance of my rearing has at least delivered me\nfrom certain mistakes of classification which I observe in many of my\nsuperiors, who have apparently no affectionate memories of a goodness\nmingled with what they now regard as outworn prejudices. Indeed, my\nphilosophical notions, such as they are, continually carry me back to\nthe time when the fitful gleams of a spring day used to show me my own\nshadow as that of a small boy on a small pony, riding by the side of a\nlarger cob-mounted shadow over the breezy uplands which we used to\ndignify with the name of hills, or along by-roads with broad grassy\nborders and hedgerows reckless of utility, on our way to outlying\nhamlets, whose groups of inhabitants were as distinctive to my\nimagination as if they had belonged to different regions of the globe.\nFrom these we sometimes rode onward to the adjoining parish, where also\nmy father officiated, for he was a pluralist, but--I hasten to add--on\nthe smallest scale; for his one extra living was a poor vicarage, with\nhardly fifty parishioners, and its church would have made a very shabby\nbarn, the grey worm-eaten wood of its pews and pulpit, with their doors\nonly half hanging on the hinges, being exactly the colour of a lean\nmouse which I once observed as an interesting member of the scant\ncongregation, and conjectured to be the identical church mouse I had\nheard referred to as an example of extreme poverty; for I was a\nprecocious boy, and often reasoned after the fashion of my elders,\narguing that \"Jack and Jill\" were real personages in our parish, and\nthat if I could identify \"Jack\" I should find on him the marks of a\nbroken crown.\n\nSometimes when I am in a crowded London drawing-room (for I am a\ntown-bird now, acquainted with smoky eaves, and tasting Nature in the\nparks) quick flights of memory take me back among my father's\nparishioners while I am still conscious of elbowing men who wear the\nsame evening uniform as myself; and I presently begin to wonder what\nvarieties of history lie hidden under this monotony of aspect. Some of\nthem, perhaps, belong to families with many quarterings; but how many\n\"quarterings\" of diverse contact with their fellow-countrymen enter into\ntheir qualifications to be parliamentary leaders, professors of social\nscience, or journalistic guides of the popular mind? Not that I feel\nmyself a person made competent by experience; on the contrary, I argue\nthat since an observation of different ranks has still left me\npractically a poor creature, what must be the condition of those who\nobject even to read about the life of other British classes than their\nown? But of my elbowing neighbours with their crush hats, I usually\nimagine that the most distinguished among them have probably had a far\nmore instructive journey into manhood than mine. Here, perhaps, is a\nthought-worn physiognomy, seeming at the present moment to be classed as\na mere species of white cravat and swallow-tail, which may once, like\nFaraday's, have shown itself in curiously dubious embryonic form leaning\nagainst a cottage lintel in small corduroys, and hungrily eating a bit\nof brown bread and bacon; _there_ is a\n\n[...]\n\n, invading, self-asserting men were the English of old time,\nand were our fathers who did rough work by which we are profiting. They\nhad virtues which incorporated themselves in wholesome usages to which\nwe trace our own political blessings. Let us know and acknowledge our\ncommon relationship to them, and be thankful that over and above the\naffections and duties which spring from our manhood, we have the closer\nand more constantly guiding duties which belong to us as Englishmen.\"\n\nTo this view of our nationality most persons who have feeling and\nunderstanding enough to be conscious of the connection between the\npatriotic affection and every other affection which lifts us above\nemigrating rats and free-loving baboons, will be disposed to say Amen.\nTrue, we are not indebted to those ancestors for our religion: we are\nrather proud of having got that illumination from elsewhere. The men who\nplanted our nation were not Christians, though they began their work\ncenturies after Christ; and they had a decided objection to Christianity\nwhen it was first proposed to them: they were not monotheists, and their\nreligion was the reverse of spiritual. But since we have been fortunate\nenough to keep the island-home they won for us, and have been on the\nwhole a prosperous people, rather continuing the plan of invading and\nspoiling other lands than being forced to beg for shelter in them,\nnobody has reproached us because our fathers thirteen hundred years ago\nworshipped Odin, massacred Britons, and were with difficulty persuaded\nto accept Christianity, knowing nothing of Hebrew history and the\nreasons why Christ should be received as the Saviour of mankind. The Red\nIndians, not liking us when we settled among them, might have been\nwilling to fling such facts in our faces, but they were too ignorant,\nand besides, their opinions did not signify, because we were able, if we\nliked, to exterminate them. The Hindoos also have doubtless had their\nrancours against us and still entertain enough ill-will to make\nunfavourable remarks on our character, especially as to our historic\nrapacity and arrogant notions of our own superiority; they perhaps do\nnot admire the usual English profile, and they are not converted to our\nway of feeding: but though we are a small number of an alien race\nprofiting by the territory and produce of these prejudiced people, they\nare unable to turn us out; at least, when they tried we showed them\ntheir mistake. We do not call ourselves a dispersed and a punished\npeople: we are a colonising people, and it is we who have punished\nothers.\n\nStill the historian guides us rightly in urging us to dwell on the\nvirtues of our ancestors with emulation, and to cherish our sense of a\ncommon descent as a bond of obligation. The eminence, the nobleness of a\npeople depends on its capability of being stirred by memories, and of\nstriving for what we call spiritual ends--ends which consist not in\nimmediate material possession, but in the satisfaction of a great\nfeeling that animates the collective body as with one soul. A people\nhaving the seed of worthiness in it must feel an answering thrill when\nit is adjured by the deaths of its heroes who died to preserve its\nnational existence; when it is reminded of its small beginnings and\ngradual growth through past labours and struggles, such as are still\ndemanded of it in order that the freedom and wellbeing thus inherited\nmay be transmitted unimpaired to children and children's children; when\nan appeal against the permission of injustice is made to great\nprecedents in its history and to the better genius breathing in its\ninstitutions. It is this living force of sentiment in common which makes\na national consciousness. Nations so moved will resist conquest with\nthe very breasts of their women, will pay their millions and their blood\nto abolish slavery, will share privation in famine and all calamity,\nwill produce poets to sing \"some great story of a man,\" and thinkers\nwhose theories will bear the test of action. An individual man, to be\nharmoniously great, must belong to a nation of this order, if not in\nactual existence yet existing in the past, in memory, as a departed,\ninvisible, beloved ideal, once a reality, and perhaps to be restored. A\ncommon humanity is not yet enough to feed the rich blood of various\nactivity which makes a complete man. The time is not come for\ncosmopolitanism to be highly virtuous, any more than for communism to\nsuffice for social energy. I am not bound to feel for a Chinaman as I\nfeel for my fellow-countryman: I am bound not to demoralise him with\nopium, not to compel him to my will by destroying or plundering the\nfruits of his labour on the alleged ground that he is not cosmopolitan\nenough, and not to insult him for his want of my tailoring and religion\nwhen he appears as a peaceable visitor on the London pavement. It is\nadmirable in a Briton with a good purpose to learn Chinese, but it\nwould not be a proof of fine intellect in him to taste Chinese poetry in\nthe original more than he tastes the poetry of his own tongue.\nAffection, intelligence, duty, radiate from a centre, and nature has\ndecided that for us English folk that centre can be neither China nor\nPeru. Most of us feel this unreflectingly; for the affectation of\nundervaluing everything native, and being too fine for one's own\ncountry, belongs only to a few minds of no dangerous leverage. What is\nwanting is, that we should recognise a corresponding attachment to\nnationality as legitimate in every other people, and understand that its\nabsence is a privation of the greatest good.\n\nFor, to repeat, not only the nobleness of a nation depends on the\npresence of this national consciousness, but also the nobleness of each\nindividual citizen. Our dignity and rectitude are proportioned to our\nsense of relationship with something great, admirable, pregnant with\nhigh possibilities, worthy of sacrifice, a continual inspiration to\nself-repression and discipline by the presentation of aims larger and\nmore attractive to our generous part than the securing of personal ease\nor prosperity. And a people possessing this good should surely feel not\nonly a ready sympathy with the effort of those who, having lost the\ngood, strive to regain it, but a profound pity for any degradation\nresulting from its loss; nay, something more than pity when happier\nnationalities have made victims of the unfortunate whose memories\nnevertheless are the very fountain to which the persecutors trace their\nmost vaunted blessings.\n\nThese notions are familiar: few will deny them in the abstract, and many\nare found loudly asserting them in relation to this or the other\nparticular case. But here as elsewhere, in the ardent application of\nideas, there is a notable lack of simple comparison or sensibility to\nresemblance. The European world has long been used to consider the Jews\nas altogether exceptional, and it has followed naturally enough that\nthey have been excepted from the rules of justice and mercy, which are\nbased on human likeness. But to consider a people whose ideas have\ndetermined the religion of half the world, and that the more cultivated\nhalf, and who made the most eminent struggle against the power of Rome,\nas a purely exceptional race, is a demoralising offence against rational\nknowledge, a stultifying inconsistency in historical interpretation.\nEvery nation of forcible character--i.e., of strongly marked\ncharacteristics, is so far exceptional. The distinctive note of each\nbird-species is in this sense exceptional, but the necessary ground of\nsuch distinction is a deeper likeness. The superlative peculiarity in\nthe Jews admitted, our affinity with them is only the more apparent when\nthe elements of their peculiarity are discerned.\n\nFrom whatever point of view the writings of the Old Testament may be\nregarded, the picture they present of a national development is of high\ninterest and speciality, nor can their historic momentousness be much\naffected by any varieties of theory as to the relation they bear to the\nNew Testament or to the rise and constitution of Christianity. Whether\nwe accept the canonical Hebrew books as a revelation or simply as part\nof an ancient literature, makes no difference to the fact that we find\nthere the strongly characterised portraiture of a people educated from\nan earlier or later period to a sense of separateness unique in its\nintensity, a people taught by many concurrent influences to identify\nfaithfulness to its national traditions with the highest social and\nreligious blessings. Our too scanty sources of Jewish history, from the\nreturn under Ezra to the beginning of the desperate resistance against\nRome, show us the heroic and triumphant struggle of the Maccabees, which\nrescued the religion and independence of the nation from the corrupting\nsway of the Syrian Greeks, adding to the glorious sum of its memorials,\nand stimulating continuous efforts of a more peaceful sort to maintain\nand develop that national life which the heroes had fought and died for,\nby internal measures of legal administration and public teaching.\nThenceforth the virtuous elements of the Jewish life were engaged, as\nthey had been with varying aspects during the long and changeful\nprophetic period and the restoration under Ezra, on the side of\npreserving the specific national character against a demoralising fusion\nwith that of foreigners whose religion and ritual were idolatrous and\noften obscene. There was always a Foreign party reviling the National\nparty as narrow, and sometimes manifesting their own breadth in\nextensive views of advancement or profit to themselves by flattery of a\nforeign power. Such internal conflict naturally tightened the bands of\nconservatism, which needed to be strong if it were to rescue the sacred\nark, the vital spirit of a small nation--\"the smallest of the\nnations\"--whose territory lay on the highway between three continents;\nand when the dread and hatred of foreign sway had condensed itself into\ndread and hatred of the Romans, many Conservatives became Zealots, whose\nchief mark was that they advocated resistance to the death against the\nsubmergence of their nationality. Much might be said on this point\ntowards distinguishing the desperate struggle against a conquest which\nis regarded as degradation and corruption, from rash, hopeless\ninsurrection against an established native government; and for my part\n(if that were of any consequence) I share the spirit of the Zealots. I\ntake the spectacle of the Jewish people defying the Roman edict, and\npreferring death by starvation or the sword to the introduction of\nCaligula's deified statue into the temple, as a sublime type of\nsteadfastness. But all that need be noticed here is the continuity of\nthat national education (by outward and inward circumstance) which\ncreated in the Jews a feeling of race, a sense of corporate existence,\nunique in its intensity.\n\nBut not, before the dispersion, unique in essential qualities. There is\nmore likeness than contrast between the way we English got our island\nand the way the Israelites got Canaan. We have not been noted for\nforming a low estimate of ourselves in comparison with foreigners, or\nfor admitting that our institutions are equalled by those of any other\npeople under the sun. Many of us have thought that our sea-wall is a\nspecially divine arrangement to make and keep us a nation of sea-kings\nafter the manner of our forefathers, secure against invasion and able to\ninvade other lands when we need them, though they may lie on the other\nside of the ocean. Again, it has been held that we have a peculiar\ndestiny as a Protestant people, not only able to bruise the head of an\nidolatrous Christianity in the midst of us, but fitted as possessors of\nthe most truth and the most tonnage to carry our purer religion over the\nworld and convert mankind to our way of thinking. The Puritans,\nasserting their liberty to restrain tyrants, found the Hebrew history\nclosely symbolical of their feelings and purpose; and it can hardly be\ncorrect to cast the blame of their less laudable doings on the writings\nthey invoked, since their opponents made use of the same writings for\ndifferent ends, finding there a strong warrant for the divine right of\nkings and the denunciation of those who, like Korah, Dathan, and Abiram,\ntook on themselves the office of the priesthood which belonged of right\nsolely to Aaron and his sons, or, in other words, to men ordained by the\nEnglish bishops. We must rather refer the passionate use of the Hebrew\nwritings to affinities of disposition between our own race and the\nJewish. Is it true that the arrogance of a Jew was so immeasurably\nbeyond that of a Calvinist? And the just sympathy and admiration which\nwe give to the ancestors who resisted the oppressive acts of our native\nkings, and by resisting rescued or won for us the best part of our civil\nand religious liberties--is it justly to be withheld from those brave\nand steadfast men of Jewish race who fought and died, or strove by wise\nadministration to resist, the oppression and corrupting influences of\nforeign tyrants, and by resisting rescued the nationality which was the\nvery hearth of our own religion? At any rate, seeing that the Jews were\nmore specifically than any other nation educated into a sense of their\nsupreme moral value, the chief matter of surprise is that any other\nnation is found to rival them in this form of self-confidence.\n\nMore exceptional--less like the course of our own history--has been\ntheir dispersion and their subsistence as a separate people through ages\nin which for the most part they were regarded and treated very much as\nbeasts hunted for the sake of their skins, or of a valuable secretion\npeculiar to their species. The Jews showed a talent for accumulating\nwhat was an object of more immediate desire to Christians than animal\noils or well-furred skins, and their cupidity and avarice were found at\nonce particularly hateful and particularly useful: hateful when seen as\na reason for punishing them by mulcting or robbery, useful when this\nretributive process could be successfully carried forward. Kings and\nemperors naturally were more alive to the usefulness of subjects who\ncould gather and yield money; but edicts issued to protect \"the King's\nJews\" equally with the King's game from being harassed and hunted by the\ncommonalty were only slight mitigations to the deplorable lot of a race\nheld to be under the divine curse, and had little force after the\nCrusades began. As the slave-holders in the United States counted the\ncurse on Ham a justification of slavery, so the curse on the Jews\nwas counted a justification for hindering them from pursuing agriculture\nand handicrafts; for marking them out as execrable figures by a peculiar\ndress; for torturing them to make them part with their gains, or for\nmore gratuitously spitting at them and pelting them; for taking it as\ncertain that they killed and ate babies, poisoned the wells, and took\npains to spread the plague; for putting it to them whether they would be\nbaptised or burned, and not failing to burn and massacre them when they\nwere obstinate; but also for suspecting them of disliking the baptism\nwhen they had got it, and then burning them in punishment of their\ninsincerity; finally, for hounding them by tens on tens of thousands\nfrom the homes where they had found shelter for centuries, and\ninflicting on them the horrors of a new exile and a new dispersion. All\nthis to avenge the Saviour of mankind, or else to compel these\nstiff-necked people to acknowledge a Master whose servants showed such\nbeneficent effects of His teaching.\n\nWith a people so treated one of two issues was possible: either from\nbeing of feebler nature than their persecutors, and caring more for ease\nthan for the sentiments and ideas which constituted their distinctive\ncharacter, they would everywhere give way to pressure and get rapidly\nmerged in the populations around them; or, being endowed with uncommon\ntenacity, physical and mental, feeling peculiarly the ties of\ninheritance both in blood and faith, remembering national glories,\ntrusting in their recovery, abhorring apostasy, able to bear all things\nand hope all things with the consciousness of being steadfast to\nspiritual obligations, the kernel of their number would harden into an\ninflexibility more and more insured by motive and habit. They would\ncherish all differences that marked them off from their hated\noppressors, all memories that consoled them with a sense of virtual\nthough unrecognised superiority; and the separateness which was made\ntheir badge of ignominy would be their inward pride, their source of\nfortifying defiance. Doubtless such a people would get confirmed in\nvices. An oppressive government and a persecuting religion, while\nbreeding vices in those who hold power, are well known to breed\nanswering vices in those who are powerless and suffering. What more\ndirect plan than the course presented by European history could have\nbeen pursued in order to give the Jews a spirit of bitter isolation, of\nscorn for the wolfish hypocrisy that made victims of them, of triumph in\nprospering at the expense of the blunderers who stoned them away from\nthe open paths of industry?--or, on the other hand, to encourage in the\nless defiant a lying conformity, a pretence of conversion for the sake\nof the social advantages attached to baptism, an outward renunciation of\ntheir hereditary ties with the lack of real love towards the society\nand creed which exacted this galling tribute?--or again, in the most\nunhappy specimens of the race, to rear transcendent examples of odious\nvice, reckless instruments of rich men with bad propensities,\nunscrupulous grinders of the alien people who wanted to grind _them_?\n\nNo wonder the Jews have their vices: no wonder if it were proved (which\nit has not hitherto appeared to be) that some of them have a bad\npre-eminence in evil, an unrivalled superfluity of naughtiness. It would\nbe more plausible to make a wonder of the virtues which have prospered\namong them under the shadow of oppression. But instead of dwelling on\nthese, or treating as admitted what any hardy or ignorant person may\ndeny, let us found simply on the loud assertions of the hostile. The\nJews, it is said, resisted the expansion of their own religion into\nChristianity; they were in the habit of spitting on the cross; they have\nheld the name of Christ to be _Anathema_. Who taught them that? The men\nwho made Christianity a curse to them: the men who made the name of\nChrist a symbol for the spirit of vengeance, and, what was worse, made\nthe execution of the vengeance a pretext for satisfying their own\nsavageness, greed, and envy: the men who sanctioned with the name of\nChrist a barbaric and blundering copy of pagan fatalism in taking the\nwords \"His blood be upon us and on our children\" as a divinely appointed\nverbal warrant for wreaking cruelty from generation to generation on the\npeople from whose sacred writings Christ drew His teaching. Strange\nretrogression in the professors of an expanded religion, boasting an\nillumination beyond the spiritual doctrine of Hebrew prophets! For\nHebrew prophets proclaimed a God who demanded mercy rather than\nsacrifices. The Christians also believed that God delighted not in the\nblood of rams and of bulls, but they apparently conceived Him as\nrequiring for His satisfaction the sighs and groans, the blood and\nroasted flesh of men whose forefathers had misunderstood the\nmetaphorical character of prophecies which spoke of spiritual\npre-eminence under the figure of a material kingdom. Was this the method\nby which Christ desired His title to the Messiahship to be commended to\nthe hearts and understandings of the nation in which He was born? Many\nof His sayings bear the stamp of that patriotism which places\nfellow-countrymen in the inner circle of affection and duty. And did the\nwords \"Father, forgive them, they know not what they do,\" refer only to\nthe centurion and his band, a tacit exception being made of every Hebrew\nthere present from the mercy of the Father and the compassion of the\nSon?--nay, more, of every Hebrew yet to come who remained unconverted\nafter hearing of His claim to the Messiahship, not from His own lips or\nthose of His native apostles, but from the lips of alien men whom cross,\ncreed, and baptism had left cruel, rapacious, and debauched? It is more\nreverent to Christ to believe that He must have approved the Jewish\nmartyrs who deliberately chose to be burned or massacred rather than be\nguilty of a blaspheming lie, more than He approved the rabble of\ncrusaders who robbed and murdered them in His name. But these\nremonstrances seem to have no direct application to personages who take\nup the attitude of philosophic thinkers and discriminating critics,\nprofessedly accepting Christianity from a rational point of view as a\nvehicle of the highest religious and moral truth, and condemning the\nJews on the ground that they are obstinate adherents of an outworn\ncreed, maintain themselves in moral alienation from the peoples with\nwhom they share citizenship, and are destitute of real interest in the\nwelfare of the community and state with which they are thus identified.\nThese anti-Judaic advocates usually belong to a party which has felt\nitself glorified in winning for Jews, as well as Dissenters and\nCatholics, the full privileges of citizenship, laying open to them every\npath to distinction. At one time the voice of this party urged that\ndifferences of creed were made dangerous only by the denial of\ncitizenship--that you must make a man a citizen before he could feel\nlike one. At present, apparently, this confidence has been succeeded by\na sense of mistake: there is a regret that no limiting clauses were\ninsisted on, such as would have hindered the Jews from coming too far\nand in too large proportion along those opened pathways; and the\nRoumanians are thought to have shown an enviable wisdom in giving them\nas little chance as possible. But then, the reflection occurring that\nsome of the most objectionable Jews are baptised Christians, it is\nobvious that such clauses would have been insufficient, and the doctrine\nthat you can turn a Jew into a good Christian is emphatically retracted.\nBut clearly, these liberal gentlemen, too late enlightened by\ndisagreeable events, must yield the palm of wise foresight to those who\nargued against them long ago; and it is a striking spectacle to witness\nminds so panting for advancement in some directions that they are ready\nto force it on an unwilling society, in this instance despairingly\nrecurring to mediaeval types of thinking--insisting that the Jews are\nmade viciously cosmopolitan by holding the world's money-bag, that for\nthem all national interests are resolved into the algebra of loans, that\nthey have suffered an inward degradation stamping them as morally\ninferior, and--\"serve them right,\" since they rejected Christianity. All\nwhich is mirrored in an analogy, namely, that of the Irish, also a\nservile race, who have rejected Protestantism though it has been\nrepeatedly urged on them by fire and sword and penal laws, and whose\nplace in the moral scale may be judged by our advertisements, where the\nclause, \"No Irish need apply,\" parallels the sentence which for many\npolite persons sums up the question of Judaism--\"I never _did_ like the\nJews.\"\n\nIt is certainly worth considering whether an expatriated, denationalised\nrace, used for ages to live among antipathetic populations, must not\ninevitably lack some conditions of nobleness. If they drop that\nseparateness which is made their reproach, they may be in danger of\nlapsing into a cosmopolitan indifference equivalent to cynicism, and of\nmissing that inward identification with the nationality immediately\naround them which might make some amends for their inherited privation.\nNo dispassionate observer can deny this danger. Why, our own countrymen\nwho take to living abroad without purpose or function to keep up their\nsense of fellowship in the affairs of their own land are rarely good\nspecimens of moral healthiness; still, the consciousness of having a\nnative country, the birthplace of common memories and habits of mind,\nexisting like a parental hearth quitted but beloved; the dignity of\nbeing included in a people which has a part in the comity of nations\nand the growing federation of the world; that sense of special belonging\nwhich is the root of human virtues, both public and private,--all these\nspiritual links may preserve migratory Englishmen from the worst\nconsequences of their voluntary dispersion. Unquestionably the Jews,\nhaving been more than any other race exposed to the adverse moral\ninfluences of alienism, must, both in individuals and in groups, have\nsuffered some corresponding moral degradation; but in fact they have\nescaped with less of abjectness and less of hard hostility towards the\nnations whose hand has been against them, than could have happened in\nthe case of a people who had neither their adhesion to a separate\nreligion founded on historic memories, nor their characteristic family\naffectionateness. Tortured, flogged, spit upon, the _corpus vile_ on\nwhich rage or wantonness vented themselves with impunity, their name\nflung at them as an opprobrium by superstition, hatred, and contempt,\nthey have remained proud of their origin. Does any one call this an evil\npride? Perhaps he belongs to that order of man who, while he has a\ndemocratic dislike to dukes and earls, wants to make believe that his\nfather was an idle gentleman, when in fact he was an honourable artisan,\nor who would feel flattered to be taken for other than an Englishman. It\nis possible to be too arrogant about our blood or our calling, but that\narrogance is virtue compared with such mean pretence. The pride which\nidentifies us with a great historic body is a humanising, elevating\nhabit of mind, inspiring sacrifices of individual comfort, gain, or\nother selfish ambition, for the sake of that ideal whole; and no man\nswayed by such a sentiment can become completely abject. That a Jew of\nSmyrna, where a whip is carried by passengers ready to flog off the too\nofficious specimens of his race, can still be proud to say, \"I am a\nJew,\" is surely a fact to awaken admiration in a mind capable of\nunderstanding what we may call the ideal forces in human history. And\nagain, a varied, impartial observation of the Jews in different\ncountries tends to the impression that they have a predominant\nkindliness which must have been deeply ingrained in the constitution of\ntheir race to have outlasted the ages of persecution and oppression.\nThe concentration of their joys in domestic life has kept up in them the\ncapacity of tenderness: the pity for the fatherless and the widow, the\ncare for the women and the little ones, blent intimately with their\nreligion, is a well of mercy that cannot long or widely be pent up by\nexclusiveness. And the kindliness of the Jew overflows the line of\ndivision between him and the Gentile. On the whole, one of the most\nremarkable phenomena in the history of this scattered people, made for\nages \"a scorn and a hissing\" is, that after being subjected to this\nprocess, which might have been expected to be in every sense\ndeteriorating and vitiating, they have come out of it (in any estimate\nwhich allows for numerical proportion) rivalling the nations of all\nEuropean countries in healthiness and beauty of _physique_, in practical\nability, in scientific and artistic aptitude, and in some forms of\nethical value. A significant indication of their natural rank is seen in\nthe fact that at this moment, the leader of the Liberal party in Germany\nis a Jew, the leader of the Republican party in France is a Jew, and the\nhead of the Conservative ministry in England is a Jew. And here it is\nthat we find the ground for the obvious jealousy which is now\nstimulating the revived expression of old antipathies. \"The Jews,\" it is\nfelt, \"have a dangerous tendency to get the uppermost places not only in\ncommerce but in political life. Their monetary hold on governments is\ntending to perpetuate in leading Jews a spirit of universal alienism\n(euphemistically called cosmopolitanism), even where the West has given\nthem a full share in civil and political rights. A people with oriental\nsunlight in their blood, yet capable of being everywhere acclimatised,\nthey have a force and toughness which enables them to carry off the best\nprizes; and their wealth is likely to put half the seats in Parliament\nat their disposal.\"\n\nThere is truth in these views of Jewish social and political relations.\nBut it is rather too late for liberal pleaders to urge them in a merely\nvituperative sense. Do they propose as a remedy for the impending danger\nof our healthier national influences getting overridden by Jewish\npredominance, that we should repeal our emancipatory laws? Not all the\nGermanic immigrants who have been settling among us for generations,\nand are still pouring in to settle, are Jews, but thoroughly Teutonic\nand more or less Christian craftsmen, mechanicians, or skilled and\nerudite functionaries; and the Semitic Christians who swarm among us are\ndangerously like their unconverted brethren in complexion, persistence,\nand wealth. Then there are the Greeks who, by the help of Phoenician\nblood or otherwise, are objectionably strong in the city. Some judges\nthink that the Scotch are more numerous and prosperous here in the South\nthan is quite for the good of us Southerners; and the early\ninconvenience felt under the Stuarts of being quartered upon by a\nhungry, hard-working people with a distinctive accent and form of\nreligion, and higher cheek-bones than English taste requires, has not\nyet been quite neutralised. As for the Irish, it is felt in high\nquarters that we have always been too lenient towards them;--at least,\nif they had been harried a little more there might not have been so many\nof them on the English press, of which they divide the power with the\nScotch, thus driving many Englishmen to honest and ineloquent labour.\n\nSo far shall we be carried if we go in search of devices to hinder\npeople of other blood than our own from getting the advantage of\ndwelling among us.\n\nLet it be admitted that it is a calamity to the English, as to any other\ngreat historic people, to undergo a premature fusion with immigrants of\nalien blood; that its distinctive national characteristics should be in\ndanger of obliteration by the predominating quality of foreign settlers.\nI not only admit this, I am ready to unite in groaning over the\nthreatened danger. To one who loves his native language, who would\ndelight to keep our rich and harmonious English undefiled by foreign\naccent, foreign intonation, and those foreign tinctures of verbal\nmeaning which tend to confuse all writing and discourse, it is an\naffliction as harassing as the climate, that on our stage, in our\nstudios, at our public and private gatherings, in our offices,\nwarehouses, and workshops, we must expect to hear our beloved English\nwith its words clipped, its vowels stretched and twisted, its phrases of\nacquiescence and politeness, of cordiality, dissidence or argument,\ndelivered always in the wrong tones, like ill-rendered melodies, marred\nbeyond recognition; that there should be a general ambition to speak\nevery language except our mother English, which persons \"of style\" are\nnot ashamed of corrupting with slang, false foreign equivalents, and a\npronunciation that crushes out all colour from the vowels and jams them\nbetween jostling consonants. An ancient Greek might not like to be\nresuscitated for the sake of hearing Homer read in our universities,\nstill he would at least find more instructive marvels in other\ndevelopments to be witnessed at those institutions; but a modern\nEnglishman is invited from his after-dinner repose to hear Shakspere\ndelivered under circumstances which offer no other novelty than some\nnovelty of false intonation, some new distribution of strong emphasis on\nprepositions, some new misconception of a familiar idiom. Well! it is\nour inertness that is in fault, our carelessness of excellence, our\nwilling ignorance of the treasures that lie in our national heritage,\nwhile we are agape after what is foreign, though it may be only a vile\nimitation of what is native.\n\nThis marring of our speech, however, is a minor evil compared with what\nmust follow from the predominance of wealth--acquiring immigrants, whose\nappreciation of our political and social life must often be as\napproximative or fatally erroneous as their delivery of our language.\nBut take the worst issues--what can we do to hinder them? Are we to\nadopt the exclusiveness for which we have punished the Chinese? Are we\nto tear the glorious flag of hospitality which has made our freedom the\nworld-wide blessing of the oppressed? It is not agreeable to find\nforeign accents and stumbling locutions passing from the piquant\nexception to the general rule of discourse. But to urge on that account\nthat we should spike away the peaceful foreigner, would be a view of\ninternational relations not in the long-run favourable to the interests\nof our fellow-countrymen; for we are at least equal to the races we call\nobtrusive in the disposition to settle wherever money is to be made and\ncheaply idle living to be found. In meeting the national evils which are\nbrought upon us by the onward course of the world, there is often no\nmore immediate hope or resource than that of striving after fuller\nnational excellence, which must consist in the moulding of more\nexcellent individual natives. The tendency of things is towards the\nquicker or slower fusion of races. It is impossible to arrest this\ntendency: all we can do is to moderate its course so as to hinder it\nfrom degrading the moral status of societies by a too rapid effacement\nof those national traditions and customs which are the language of the\nnational genius--the deep suckers of healthy sentiment. Such moderating\nand guidance of inevitable movement is worthy of all effort. And it is\nin this sense that the modern insistance on the idea of Nationalities\nhas value. That any people at once distinct and coherent enough to form\na state should be held in subjection by an alien antipathetic government\nhas been becoming more and more a ground of sympathetic indignation; and\nin virtue of this, at least one great State has been added to European\ncouncils. Nobody now complains of the result in this case, though\nfar-sighted persons see the need to limit analogy by discrimination. We\nhave to consider who are the stifled people and who the stiflers before\nwe can be sure of our ground.\n\nThe only point in this connection on which Englishmen are agreed is,\nthat England itself shall not be subject to foreign rule. The fiery\nresolve to resist invasion, though with an improvised array of\npitchforks, is felt to be virtuous, and to be worthy of a historic\npeople. Why? Because there is a national life in our veins. Because\nthere is something specifically English which we feel to be supremely\nworth striving for, worth dying for, rather than living to renounce it.\nBecause we too have our share--perhaps a principal share--in that spirit\nof separateness which has not yet done its work in the education of\nmankind, which has created the varying genius of nations, and, like the\nMuses, is the offspring of memory.\n\nHere, as everywhere else, the human task seems to be the discerning and\nadjustment of opposite claims. But the end can hardly be achieved by\nurging contradictory reproaches, and instead of labouring after\ndiscernment as a preliminary to intervention, letting our zeal burst\nforth according to a capricious selection, first determined accidentally\nand afterwards justified by personal predilection. Not only John Gilpin\nand his wife, or Edwin and Angelina, seem to be of opinion that their\npreference or dislike of Russians, Servians, or Greeks, consequent,\nperhaps, on hotel adventures, has something to do with the merits of the\nEastern Question; even in a higher range of intellect and enthusiasm we\nfind a distribution of sympathy or pity for sufferers of different blood\nor votaries of differing religions, strangely unaccountable on any other\nground than a fortuitous direction of study or trivial circumstances of\ntravel. With some even admirable persons, one is never quite sure of any\nparticular being included under a general term. A provincial physician,\nit is said, once ordering a lady patient not to eat salad, was asked\npleadingly by the affectionate husband whether she might eat lettuce, or\ncresses, or radishes. The physician had too rashly believed in the\ncomprehensiveness of the word \"salad,\" just as we, if not enlightened by\nexperience, might believe in the all-embracing breadth of \"sympathy with\nthe injured and oppressed.\" What mind can exhaust the grounds of\nexception which lie in each particular case? There is understood to be a\npeculiar odour from the body, and we know that some persons, too\nrationalistic to feel bound by the curse on Ham, used to hint very\nstrongly that this odour determined the question on the side of \nslavery.\n\nAnd this is the usual level of thinking in polite society concerning the\nJews. Apart from theological purposes, it seems to be held surprising\nthat anybody should take an interest in the history of a people whose\nliterature has furnished all our devotional language; and if any\nreference is made to their past or future destinies some hearer is sure\nto state as a relevant fact which may assist our judgment, that she, for\nher part, is not fond of them, having known a Mr Jacobson who was very\nunpleasant, or that he, for his part, thinks meanly of them as a race,\nthough on inquiry you find that he is so little acquainted with their\ncharacteristics that he is astonished to learn how many persons whom he\nhas blindly admired and applauded are Jews to the backbone. Again, men\nwho consider themselves in the very van of modern advancement, knowing\nhistory and the latest philosophies of history, indicate their\ncontemptuous surprise that any one should entertain the destiny of the\nJews as a worthy subject, by referring to Moloch and their own\nagreement with the theory that the religion of Jehovah was merely a\ntransformed Moloch-worship, while in the same breath they are glorifying\n\"civilisation\" as a transformed tribal existence of which some\nlineaments are traceable in grim marriage customs of the native\nAustralians. Are these erudite persons prepared to insist that the name\n\"Father\" should no longer have any sanctity for us, because in their\nview of likelihood our Aryan ancestors were mere improvers on a state of\nthings in which nobody knew his own father?\n\nFor less theoretic men, ambitious, to be regarded as practical\npoliticians, the value of the Hebrew race has been measured by their\nunfavourable opinion of a prime minister who is a Jew by lineage. But it\nis possible to form a very ugly opinion as to the scrupulousness of\nWalpole or of Chatham; and in any case I think Englishmen would refuse\nto accept the character and doings of those eighteenth century statesmen\nas the standard of value for the English people and the part they have\nto play in the fortunes of mankind.\n\nIf we are to consider the future of the Jews at all, it seems\nreasonable to take as a preliminary question: Are they destined to\ncomplete fusion with the peoples among whom they are dispersed, losing\nevery remnant of a distinctive consciousness as Jews; or, are there in\nthe breadth and intensity with which the feeling of separateness, or\nwhat we may call the organised memory of a national consciousness,\nactually exists in the world-wide Jewish communities--the seven millions\nscattered from east to west--and again, are there in the political\nrelations of the world, the conditions present or approaching for the\nrestoration of a Jewish state planted on the old ground as a centre of\nnational feeling, a source of dignifying protection, a special channel\nfor special energies which may contribute some added form of national\ngenius, and an added voice in the councils of the world?\n\nThey are among us everywhere: it is useless to say we are not fond of\nthem. Perhaps we are not fond of proletaries and their tendency to form\nUnions, but the world is not therefore to be rid of them. If we wish to\nfree ourselves from the inconveniences that we have to complain of,\nwhether in proletaries or in Jews, our best course is to encourage all\nmeans of improving these neighbours who elbow us in a thickening crowd,\nand of sending their incommodious energies into beneficent channels. Why\nare we so eager for the dignity of certain populations of whom perhaps\nwe have never seen a single specimen, and of whose history, legend, or\nliterature we have been contentedly ignorant for ages, while we sneer at\nthe notion of a renovated national dignity for the Jews, whose ways of\nthinking and whose very verbal forms are on our lips in every prayer\nwhich we end with an Amen? Some of us consider this question dismissed\nwhen they have said that the wealthiest Jews have no desire to forsake\ntheir European palaces, and go to live in Jerusalem. But in a return\nfrom exile, in the restoration of a people, the question is not whether\ncertain rich men will choose to remain behind, but whether there will be\nfound worthy men who will choose to lead the return. Plenty of\nprosperous Jews remained in Babylon when Ezra marshalled his band of\nforty thousand and began a new glorious epoch in the history of his\nrace, making the preparation for that epoch in the history of the world\nwhich has been held glorious enough to be dated from for evermore. The\nhinge of possibility is simply the existence of an adequate community of\nfeeling as well as widespread need in the Jewish race, and the hope that\namong its finer specimens there may arise some men of instruction and\nardent public spirit, some new Ezras, some modern Maccabees, who will\nknow how to use all favouring outward conditions, how to triumph by\nheroic example, over the indifference of their fellows and the scorn of\ntheir foes, and will steadfastly set their faces towards making their\npeople once more one among the nations.\n\nFormerly, evangelical orthodoxy was prone to dwell on the fulfilment of\nprophecy in the \"restoration of the Jews,\" Such interpretation of the\nprophets is less in vogue now. The dominant mode is to insist on a\nChristianity that disowns its origin, that is not a substantial growth\nhaving a genealogy, but is a vaporous reflex of modern notions. The\nChrist of Matthew had the heart of a Jew--\"Go ye first to the lost\nsheep of the house of Israel.\" The Apostle of the Gentiles had the heart\nof a Jew: \"For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my\nbrethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh: who are Israelites; to whom\npertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the\ngiving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises; whose are\nthe fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came.\" Modern\napostles, extolling Christianity, are found using a different tone: they\nprefer the mediaeval cry translated into modern phrase. But the\nmediaeval cry too was in substance very ancient--more ancient than the\ndays of Augustus. Pagans in successive ages said, \"These people are\nunlike us, and refuse to be made like us: let us punish them.\" The Jews\nwere steadfast in their separateness, and through that separateness\nChristianity was born. A modern book on Liberty has maintained that from\nthe freedom of individual men to persist in idiosyncrasies the world may\nbe enriched. Why should we not apply this argument to the idiosyncrasy\nof a nation, and pause in our haste to hoot it down? There is still a\ngreat function for the steadfastness of the Jew: not that he should\nshut out the utmost illumination which knowledge can throw on his\nnational history, but that he should cherish the store of inheritance\nwhich that history has left him. Every Jew should be conscious that he\nis one of a multitude possessing common objects of piety in the immortal\nachievements and immortal sorrows of ancestors who have transmitted to\nthem a physical and mental type strong enough, eminent enough in\nfaculties, pregnant enough with peculiar promise, to constitute a new\nbeneficent individuality among the nations, and, by confuting the\ntraditions of scorn, nobly avenge the wrongs done to their Fathers.\n\nThere is a sense in which the worthy child of a nation that has brought\nforth illustrious prophets, high and unique among the poets of the\nworld, is bound by their visions.\n\nIs bound?\n\nYes, for the effective bond of human action is feeling, and the worthy\nchild of a people owning the triple name of Hebrew, Israelite, and Jew,\nfeels his kinship with the glories and the sorrows, the degradation and\nthe possible renovation of his national family.\n\nWill any one teach the nullification of this feeling and call his\ndoctrine a philosophy? He will teach a blinding superstition--the\nsuperstition that a theory of human wellbeing can be constructed in\ndisregard of the influences which have made us human.\n\n\nTHE END.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Impressions of Theophrastus Such, by George Eliot\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Impressions-of-Theophrastus-Such-by-George-Eliot", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1879, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10762"} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\nODD CRAFT\n\nBy W.W. Jacobs\n\n\n\nBILL'S LAPSE\n\nStrength and good-nature--said the night-watchman, musingly, as he felt\nhis biceps--strength and good-nature always go together. Sometimes you\nfind a strong man who is not good-natured, but then, as everybody he\ncomes in contack with is, it comes to the same thing.\n\nThe strongest and kindest-'earted man I ever come across was a man o' the\nname of Bill Burton, a ship-mate of Ginger Dick's. For that matter 'e\nwas a shipmate o' Peter Russet's and old Sam Small's too. Not over and\nabove tall; just about my height, his arms was like another man's legs\nfor size, and 'is chest and his back and shoulders might ha' been made\nfor a giant. And with all that he'd got a soft blue eye like a gal's\n(blue's my favourite colour for gals' eyes), and a nice, soft, curly\nbrown beard. He was an A.B., too, and that showed 'ow good-natured he\nwas, to pick up with firemen.\n\nHe got so fond of 'em that when they was all paid off from the _Ocean\nKing_ he asked to be allowed to join them in taking a room ashore. It\npleased every-body, four coming cheaper than three, and Bill being that\ngood-tempered that 'e'd put up with anything, and when any of the three\nquarrelled he used to act the part of peacemaker.\n\n[Illustration: \"When any of the three quarrelled he used to act the part\nof peacemaker.\"]\n\nThe only thing about 'im that they didn't like was that 'e was a\nteetotaler. He'd go into public-'ouses with 'em, but he wouldn't drink;\nleastways, that is to say, he wouldn't drink beer, and Ginger used to say\nthat it made 'im feel uncomfortable to see Bill put away a bottle o'\nlemonade every time they 'ad a drink. One night arter 'e had 'ad\nseventeen bottles he could 'ardly got home, and Peter Russet, who knew a\nlot about pills and such-like, pointed out to 'im 'ow bad it was for his\nconstitushon. He proved that the lemonade would eat away the coats o'\nBill's stomach, and that if 'e kept on 'e might drop down dead at any\nmoment.\n\nThat frightened Bill a bit, and the next night, instead of 'aving\nlemonade, 'e had five bottles o' stone ginger-beer, six of different\nkinds of teetotal beer, three of soda-water, and two cups of coffee. I'm\nnot counting the drink he 'ad at the chemist's shop arterward, because he\ntook that as medicine, but he was so queer in 'is inside next morning\nthat 'e began to be afraid he'd 'ave to give up drink altogether.\n\nHe went without the next night, but 'e was such a generous man that 'e\nwould pay every fourth time, and there was no pleasure to the other chaps\nto see 'im pay and 'ave nothing out of it. It spoilt their evening, and\nowing to 'aving only about 'arf wot they was accustomed to they all got\nup very disagreeable next morning.\n\n\"Why not take just a little beer, Bill?\" asks Ginger.\n\nBill 'ung his 'ead and looked a bit silly. \"I'd rather not, mate,\" he\nses, at last. \"I've been teetotal for eleven months now.\"\n\n\"Think of your 'ealth, Bill,\" ses Peter Russet; \"your 'ealth is more\nimportant than the pledge. Wot made you take it?\"\n\nBill coughed. \"I 'ad reasons,\" he ses, slowly. \"A mate o' mine wished\nme to.\"\n\n\"He ought to ha' known better,\" ses Sam. \"He 'ad 'is reasons,\" ses Bill.\n\n\"Well, all I can say is, Bill,\" ses Ginger, \"all I can say is, it's very\ndisobligin' of you.\"\n\n\"Disobligin'?\" ses Bill, with a start; \"don't say that, mate.\"\n\n\"I must say it,\" ses Ginger, speaking very firm.\n\n\"You needn't take a lot, Bill,\" ses Sam; \"nobody wants you to do that.\nJust drink in moderation, same as wot we do.\"\n\n\"It gets into my 'ead,\" ses Bill, at last.\n\n\"Well, and wot of it?\" ses Ginger; \"it gets into everybody's 'ead\noccasionally. Why, one night old Sam 'ere went up behind a policeman and\ntickled 'im under the arms; didn't you, Sam?\"\n\n\"I did nothing o' the kind,\" ses Sam, firing up.\n\n\"Well, you was fined ten bob for it next morning, that's all I know,\" ses\nGinger.\n\n\"I was fined ten bob for punching 'im,\" ses old Sam, very wild. \"I never\ntickled a policeman in my life. I never thought o' such a thing. I'd no\nmore tickle a policeman than I'd fly. Anybody that ses I did is a liar.\nWhy should I? Where does the sense come in? Wot should I want to do it\nfor?\"\n\n\"All right, Sam,\" ses Ginger, sticking 'is fingers in 'is ears, \"you\ndidn't, then.\"\n\n\"No, I didn't,\" ses Sam, \"and don't you forget it. This ain't the fust\ntime you've told that lie about me. I can take a joke with any man; but\nanybody that goes and ses I tickled--\"\n\n\"All right,\" ses Ginger and Peter Russet together. \"You'll 'ave tickled\npoliceman on the brain if you ain't careful, Sam,\" ses Peter.\n\nOld Sam sat down growling, and Ginger Dick turned to Bill agin. \"It gets\ninto everybody's 'ead at times,\" he ses, \"and where's the 'arm? It's wot\nit was meant for.\"\n\nBill shook his 'ead, but when Ginger called 'im disobligin' agin he gave\nway and he broke the pledge that very evening with a pint o' six 'arf.\n\nGinger was surprised to see the way 'e took his liquor. Arter three or\nfour pints he'd expected to see 'im turn a bit silly, or sing, or do\nsomething o' the kind, but Bill kept on as if 'e was drinking water.\n\n\"Think of the 'armless pleasure you've been losing all these months,\nBill,\" ses Ginger, smiling at him.\n\nBill said it wouldn't bear thinking of, and, the next place they came to\nhe said some rather 'ard things of the man who'd persuaded 'im to take\nthe pledge. He 'ad two or three more there, and then they began to see\nthat it was beginning to have an effect on 'im. The first one that\nnoticed it was Ginger Dick. Bill 'ad just lit 'is pipe, and as he threw\nthe match down he ses: \"I don't like these 'ere safety matches,\" he ses.\n\n\"Don't you, Bill?\" ses Ginger. \"I do, rather.\"\n\n\"Oh, you do, do you?\" ses Bill, turning on 'im like lightning; \"well,\ntake that for contradictin',\" he ses, an' he gave Ginger a smack that\nnearly knocked his 'ead off.\n\nIt was so sudden that old Sam and Peter put their beer down and stared at\neach other as if they couldn't believe their eyes. Then they stooped\ndown and helped pore Ginger on to 'is legs agin and began to brush 'im\ndown.\n\n\"Never mind about 'im, mates,\" ses Bill, looking at Ginger very wicked.\n\"P'r'aps he won't be so ready to give me 'is lip next time. Let's come\nto another pub and enjoy ourselves.\"\n\nSam and Peter followed 'im out like lambs, 'ardly daring to look over\ntheir shoulder at Ginger, who was staggering arter them some distance\nbehind a 'olding a handerchief to 'is face.\n\n\"It's your turn to pay, Sam,\" ses Bill, when they'd got inside the next\nplace. \"Wot's it to be? Give it a name.\"\n\n\"Three 'arf pints o' four ale, miss,\" ses Sam, not because 'e was mean,\nbut because it wasn't 'is turn. \"Three wot?\" ses Bill, turning on 'im.\n\n\"Three pots o' six ale, miss,\" ses Sam, in a hurry.\n\n\"That wasn't wot you said afore,\" ses Bill. \"Take that,\" he ses, giving\npore old Sam a wipe in the mouth and knocking 'im over a stool; \"take\nthat for your sauce.\"\n\nPeter Russet stood staring at Sam and wondering wot Bill ud be like when\nhe'd 'ad a little more. Sam picked hisself up arter a time and went\noutside to talk to Ginger about it, and then Bill put 'is arm round\nPeter's neck and began to cry a bit and say 'e was the only pal he'd got\nleft in the world. It was very awkward for Peter, and more awkward still\nwhen the barman came up and told 'im to take Bill outside.\n\n\"Go on,\" he ses, \"out with 'im.\"\n\n\"He's all right,\" ses Peter, trembling; \"we's the truest-'arted gentleman\nin London. Ain't you, Bill?\"\n\nBill said he was, and 'e asked the barman to go and hide 'is face because\nit reminded 'im of a little dog 'e had 'ad once wot 'ad died.\n\n\"You get outside afore you're hurt,\" ses the bar-man.\n\nBill punched at 'im over the bar, and not being able to reach 'im threw\nPeter's pot o' beer at 'im. There was a fearful to-do then, and the\nlandlord jumped over the bar and stood in the doorway, whistling for the\npolice. Bill struck out right and left, and the men in the bar went down\nlike skittles, Peter among them. Then they got outside, and Bill, arter\ngiving the landlord a thump in the back wot nearly made him swallow the\nwhistle, jumped into a cab and pulled Peter Russet in arter 'im.\n\n[Illustration: \"Bill jumped into a cab and pulled Peter Russet in arter\n'im.\"]\n\n\"I'll talk to you by-and-by,\" he ses, as the cab drove off at a gallop;\n\"there ain't room in this cab. You wait, my lad, that's all. You just\nwait till we get out, and I'll knock you silly.\"\n\n\"Wot for, Bill?\" ses Peter, staring.\n\n\"Don't you talk to me,\" roars Bill. \"If I choose to knock you about\nthat's my business, ain't it? Besides, you know very well.\"\n\nHe wouldn't let Peter say another word, but coming to a quiet place near\nthe docks he stopped the cab and pulling 'im out gave 'im such a dressing\ndown that Peter thought 'is last hour 'ad arrived. He let 'im go at\nlast, and after first making him pay the cab-man took 'im along till they\ncame to a public-'ouse and made 'im pay for drinks.\n\nThey stayed there till nearly eleven o'clock, and then Bill set off home\n'olding the unfortunit Peter by the scruff o' the neck, and wondering out\nloud whether 'e ought to pay 'im a bit more or not. Afore 'e could make\nup 'is mind, however, he turned sleepy, and, throwing 'imself down on the\nbed which was meant for the two of 'em, fell into a peaceful sleep.\n\nSam and Ginger Dick came in a little while arterward, both badly marked\nwhere Bill 'ad hit them, and sat talking to Peter in whispers as to wot\nwas to be done. Ginger, who 'ad plenty of pluck, was for them all to set\non to 'im, but Sam wouldn't 'ear of it, and as for Peter he was so sore\nhe could 'ardly move.\n\nThey all turned in to the other bed at last, 'arf afraid to move for fear\nof disturbing Bill, and when they woke up in the morning and see 'im\nsitting up in 'is bed they lay as still as mice.\n\n\"Why, Ginger, old chap,\" ses Bill, with a 'earty smile, \"wot are you all\nthree in one bed for?\" \"We was a bit cold,\" ses Ginger.\n\n\"Cold?\" ses Bill. \"Wot, this weather? We 'ad a bit of a spree last\nnight, old man, didn't we? My throat's as dry as a cinder.\"\n\n\"It ain't my idea of a spree,\" ses Ginger, sitting up and looking at 'im.\n\n\"Good 'eavens, Ginger!\" ses Bill, starting back, \"wotever 'ave you been\na-doing to your face? Have you been tumbling off of a 'bus?\"\n\nGinger couldn't answer; and Sam Small and Peter sat up in bed alongside\nof 'im, and Bill, getting as far back on 'is bed as he could, sat staring\nat their pore faces as if 'e was having a 'orrible dream.\n\n\"And there's Sam,\" he ses. \"Where ever did you get that mouth, Sam?\"\n\n\"Same place as Ginger got 'is eye and pore Peter got 'is face,\" ses Sam,\ngrinding his teeth.\n\n\"You don't mean to tell me,\" ses Bill, in a sad voice--\"you don't mean to\ntell me that I did it?\"\n\n\"You know well enough,\" ses Ginger.\n\nBill looked at 'em, and 'is face got as long as a yard measure.\n\n\"I'd 'oped I'd growed out of it, mates,\" he ses, at last, \"but drink\nalways takes me like that. I can't keep a pal.\"\n\n\"You surprise me,\" ses Ginger, sarcastic-like. \"Don't talk like that,\nGinger,\" ses Bill, 'arf crying.\n\n\"It ain't my fault; it's my weakness. Wot did I do it for?\"\n\n\"I don't know,\" ses Ginger, \"but you won't get the chance of doing it\nagin, I'll tell you that much.\"\n\n\"I daresay I shall be better to-night, Ginger,\" ses Bill, very humble;\n\"it don't always take me that way.\n\n\"Well, we don't want you with us any more,\" ses old Sam, 'olding his 'ead\nvery high.\n\n\"You'll 'ave to go and get your beer by yourself, Bill,\" ses Peter\nRusset, feeling 'is bruises with the tips of 'is fingers.\n\n\"But then I should be worse,\" ses Bill. \"I want cheerful company when\nI'm like that. I should very likely come 'ome and 'arf kill you all in\nyour beds. You don't 'arf know what I'm like. Last night was nothing,\nelse I should 'ave remembered it.\"\n\n\"Cheerful company?\" ses old Sam. 'Ow do you think company's going to be\ncheerful when you're carrying on like that, Bill? Why don't you go away\nand leave us alone?\"\n\n\"Because I've got a 'art,\" ses Bill. \"I can't chuck up pals in that\nfree-and-easy way. Once I take a liking to anybody I'd do anything for\n'em, and I've never met three chaps I like better than wot I do you.\nThree nicer, straight-forrad, free-'anded mates I've never met afore.\"\n\n\"Why not take the pledge agin, Bill?\" ses Peter Russet.\n\n\"No, mate,\" ses Bill, with a kind smile; \"it's just a weakness, and I\nmust try and grow out of it. I'll tie a bit o' string round my little\nfinger to-night as a re-minder.\"\n\nHe got out of bed and began to wash 'is face, and Ginger Dick, who was\ndoing a bit o' thinking, gave a whisper to Sam and Peter Russet.\n\n\"All right, Bill, old man,\" he ses, getting out of bed and beginning to\nput his clothes on; \"but first of all we'll try and find out 'ow the\nlandlord is.\"\n\n\"Landlord?\" ses Bill, puffing and blowing in the basin. \"Wot landlord?\"\n\n\"Why, the one you bashed,\" ses Ginger, with a wink at the other two. \"He\n'adn't got 'is senses back when me and Sam came away.\"\n\nBill gave a groan and sat on the bed while 'e dried himself, and Ginger\ntold 'im 'ow he 'ad bent a quart pot on the landlord's 'ead, and 'ow the\nlandlord 'ad been carried upstairs and the doctor sent for. He began to\ntremble all over, and when Ginger said he'd go out and see 'ow the land\nlay 'e could 'ardly thank 'im enough.\n\nHe stayed in the bedroom all day, with the blinds down, and wouldn't eat\nanything, and when Ginger looked in about eight o'clock to find out\nwhether he 'ad gone, he found 'im sitting on the bed clean shaved, and\n'is face cut about all over where the razor 'ad slipped.\n\nGinger was gone about two hours, and when 'e came back he looked so\nsolemn that old Sam asked 'im whether he 'ad seen a ghost. Ginger didn't\nanswer 'im; he set down on the side o' the bed and sat thinking.\n\n\"I s'pose--I s'pose it's nice and fresh in the streets this morning?\"\nses Bill, at last, in a trembling voice.\n\nGinger started and looked at 'im. \"I didn't notice, mate,\" he ses. Then\n'e got up and patted Bill on the back, very gentle, and sat down again.\n\n[Illustration: \"Patted Bill on the back, very gentle.\"]\n\n\"Anything wrong, Ginger?\" asks Peter Russet, staring at 'im.\n\n\"It's that landlord,\" ses Ginger; \"there's straw down in the road\noutside, and they say that he's dying. Pore old Bill don't know 'is own\nstrength. The best thing you can do, old pal, is to go as far away as\nyou can, at once.\"\n\n\"I shouldn't wait a minnit if it was me,\" ses old Sam.\n\nBill groaned and hid 'is face in his 'ands, and then Peter Russet went\nand spoilt things by saying that the safest place for a murderer to 'ide\nin was London. Bill gave a dreadful groan when 'e said murderer, but 'e\nup and agreed with Peter, and all Sam and Ginger Dick could do wouldn't\nmake 'im alter his mind. He said that he would shave off 'is beard and\nmoustache, and when night came 'e would creep out and take a lodging\nsomewhere right the other end of London.\n\n\"It'll soon be dark,\" ses Ginger, \"and your own brother wouldn't know you\nnow, Bill. Where d'you think of going?\"\n\nBill shook his 'ead. \"Nobody must know that, mate,\" he ses. \"I must go\ninto hiding for as long as I can--as long as my money lasts; I've only\ngot six pounds left.\"\n\n\"That'll last a long time if you're careful,\" ses Ginger.\n\n\"I want a lot more,\" ses Bill. \"I want you to take this silver ring as a\nkeepsake, Ginger. If I 'ad another six pounds or so I should feel much\nsafer. 'Ow much 'ave you got, Ginger?\"\n\n\"Not much,\" ses Ginger, shaking his 'ead.\n\n\"Lend it to me, mate,\" ses Bill, stretching out his 'and. \"You can easy\nget another ship. Ah, I wish I was you; I'd be as 'appy as 'appy if I\nhadn't got a penny.\"\n\n\"I'm very sorry, Bill,\" ses Ginger, trying to smile, \"but I've already\npromised to lend it to a man wot we met this evening. A promise is a\npromise, else I'd lend it to you with pleasure.\"\n\n\"Would you let me be 'ung for the sake of a few pounds, Ginger?\" ses\nBill, looking at 'im reproach-fully. \"I'm a desprit man, Ginger, and I\nmust 'ave that money.\"\n\nAfore pore Ginger could move he suddenly clapped 'is hand over 'is mouth\nand flung 'im on the bed. Ginger was like a child in 'is hands, although\nhe struggled like a madman, and in five minutes 'e was laying there with\na towel tied round his mouth and 'is arms and legs tied up with the cord\noff of Sam's chest.\n\n\"I'm very sorry, Ginger,\" ses Bill, as 'e took a little over eight pounds\nout of Ginger's pocket. \"I'll pay you back one o' these days, if I can.\nIf you'd got a rope round your neck same as I 'ave you'd do the same as\nI've done.\"\n\nHe lifted up the bedclothes and put Ginger inside and tucked 'im up.\nGinger's face was red with passion and 'is eyes starting out of his 'ead.\n\n\"Eight and six is fifteen,\" ses Bill, and just then he 'eard somebody\ncoming up the stairs. Ginger 'eard it, too, and as Peter Russet came\ninto the room 'e tried all 'e could to attract 'is attention by rolling\n'is 'ead from side to side.\n\n\"Why, 'as Ginger gone to bed?\" ses Peter. \"Wot's up, Ginger?\"\n\n\"He's all right,\" ses Bill; \"just a bit of a 'eadache.\"\n\nPeter stood staring at the bed, and then 'e pulled the clothes off and\nsaw pore Ginger all tied up, and making awful eyes at 'im to undo him.\n\n\"I 'ad to do it, Peter,\" ses Bill. \"I wanted some more money to escape\nwith, and 'e wouldn't lend it to me. I 'aven't got as much as I want\nnow. You just came in in the nick of time. Another minute and you'd ha'\nmissed me. 'Ow much 'ave you got?\"\n\n\"Ah, I wish I could lend you some, Bill,\" ses Peter Russet, turning pale,\n\"but I've 'ad my pocket picked; that's wot I came back for, to get some\nfrom Ginger.\"\n\nBill didn't say a word.\n\n\"You see 'ow it is, Bill,\" ses Peter, edging back toward the door; \"three\nmen laid 'old of me and took every farthing I'd got.\"\n\n\"Well, I can't rob you, then,\" ses Bill, catching 'old of 'im.\n\"Whoever's money this is,\" he ses, pulling a handful out o' Peter's\npocket, \"it can't be yours. Now, if you make another sound I'll knock\nyour 'ead off afore I tie you up.\"\n\n\"Don't tie me up, Bill,\" ses Peter, struggling.\n\n\"I can't trust you,\" ses Bill, dragging 'im over to the washstand and\ntaking up the other towel; \"turn round.\"\n\nPeter was a much easier job than Ginger Dick, and arter Bill 'ad done 'im\n'e put 'im in alongside o' Ginger and covered 'em up, arter first tying\nboth the gags round with some string to prevent 'em slipping.\n\n\"Mind, I've only borrowed it,\" he ses, standing by the side o' the bed;\n\"but I must say, mates, I'm disappointed in both of you. If either of\nyou 'ad 'ad the misfortune wot I've 'ad, I'd have sold the clothes off my\nback to 'elp you. And I wouldn't 'ave waited to be asked neither.\"\n\nHe stood there for a minute very sorrowful, and then 'e patted both their\n'eads and went downstairs. Ginger and Peter lay listening for a bit, and\nthen they turned their pore bound-up faces to each other and tried to\ntalk with their eyes.\n\nThen Ginger began to wriggle and try and twist the cords off, but 'e\nmight as well 'ave tried to wriggle out of 'is skin. The worst of it was\nthey couldn't make known their intentions to each other, and when Peter\nRusset leaned over 'im and tried to work 'is gag off by rubbing it up\nagin 'is nose, Ginger pretty near went crazy with temper. He banged\nPeter with his 'ead, and Peter banged back, and they kept it up till\nthey'd both got splitting 'eadaches, and at last they gave up in despair\nand lay in the darkness waiting for Sam.\n\nAnd all this time Sam was sitting in the Red Lion, waiting for them. He\nsat there quite patient till twelve o'clock and then walked slowly 'ome,\nwondering wot 'ad happened and whether Bill had gone.\n\nGinger was the fust to 'ear 'is foot on the stairs, and as he came into\nthe room, in the darkness, him an' Peter Russet started shaking their bed\nin a way that scared old Sam nearly to death. He thought it was Bill\ncarrying on agin, and 'e was out o' that door and 'arf-way downstairs\nafore he stopped to take breath. He stood there trembling for about ten\nminutes, and then, as nothing 'appened, he walked slowly upstairs agin on\ntiptoe, and as soon as they heard the door creak Peter and Ginger made\nthat bed do everything but speak.\n\n\"Is that you, Bill?\" ses old Sam, in a shaky voice, and standing ready\nto dash downstairs agin.\n\nThere was no answer except for the bed, and Sam didn't know whether Bill\nwas dying or whether 'e 'ad got delirium trimmings. All 'e did know was\nthat 'e wasn't going to sleep in that room. He shut the door gently and\nwent downstairs agin, feeling in 'is pocket for a match, and, not finding\none, 'e picked out the softest stair 'e could find and, leaning his 'ead\nagin the banisters, went to sleep.\n\n[Illustration: \"Picked out the softest stair 'e could find.\"]\n\nIt was about six o'clock when 'e woke up, and broad daylight. He was\nstiff and sore all over, and feeling braver in the light 'e stepped\nsoftly upstairs and opened the door. Peter and Ginger was waiting for\n'im, and as he peeped in 'e saw two things sitting up in bed with their\n'air standing up all over like mops and their faces tied up with\nbandages. He was that startled 'e nearly screamed, and then 'e stepped\ninto the room and stared at 'em as if he couldn't believe 'is eyes.\n\n\"Is that you, Ginger?\" he ses. \"Wot d'ye mean by making sights of\nyourselves like that? 'Ave you took leave of your senses?\"\n\nGinger and Peter shook their 'eads and rolled their eyes, and then Sam\nsee wot was the matter with 'em. Fust thing 'e did was to pull out 'is\nknife and cut Ginger's gag off, and the fust thing Ginger did was to call\n'im every name 'e could lay his tongue to.\n\n\"You wait a moment,\" he screams, 'arf crying with rage. \"You wait till I\nget my 'ands loose and I'll pull you to pieces. The idea o' leaving us\nlike this all night, you old crocodile. I 'eard you come in. I'll pay\nyou.\"\n\nSam didn't answer 'im. He cut off Peter Russet's gag, and Peter Russet\ncalled 'im 'arf a score o' names without taking breath.\n\n\"And when Ginger's finished I'll 'ave a go at you,\" he ses. \"Cut off\nthese lines.\"\n\n\"At once, d'ye hear?\" ses Ginger. \"Oh, you wait till I get my 'ands on\nyou.\"\n\nSam didn't answer 'em; he shut up 'is knife with a click and then 'e sat\nat the foot o' the bed on Ginger's feet and looked at 'em. It wasn't the\nfust time they'd been rude to 'im, but as a rule he'd 'ad to put up with\nit. He sat and listened while Ginger swore 'imself faint.\n\n\"That'll do,\" he ses, at last; \"another word and I shall put the\nbedclothes over your 'ead. Afore I do anything more I want to know wot\nit's all about.\"\n\nPeter told 'im, arter fust calling 'im some more names, because Ginger\nwas past it, and when 'e'd finished old Sam said 'ow surprised he was\nat them for letting Bill do it, and told 'em how they ought to 'ave\nprevented it. He sat there talking as though 'e enjoyed the sound of 'is\nown voice, and he told Peter and Ginger all their faults and said wot\nsorrow it caused their friends. Twice he 'ad to throw the bedclothes\nover their 'eads because o' the noise they was making.\n\n[Illustration: \"Old Sam said 'ow surprised he was at them for letting\nBill do it.\"]\n\n\"_Are you going--to undo--us?_\" ses Ginger, at last.\n\n\"No, Ginger,\" ses old Sam; \"in justice to myself I couldn't do it. Arter\nwot you've said--and arter wot I've said--my life wouldn't be safe.\nBesides which, you'd want to go shares in my money.\"\n\nHe took up 'is chest and marched downstairs with it, and about 'arf an\nhour arterward the landlady's 'usband came up and set 'em free. As soon\nas they'd got the use of their legs back they started out to look for\nSam, but they didn't find 'im for nearly a year, and as for Bill, they\nnever set eyes on 'im again.\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Bill's Lapse, by W.W. Jacobs\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Odd-Craft-Part-4-Bill's-Lapse-by-W.W.-Jacobs", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1909, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12204"} diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts.jsonl b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts.jsonl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7b6a9b64e --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts.jsonl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +{"responses_create_params":{"background":null,"include":null,"input":[{"content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** \n","role":"user","type":"message"}],"instructions":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"metadata":null,"model":null,"parallel_tool_calls":true,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"reasoning":null,"service_tier":null,"store":null,"temperature":0.0,"text":null,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_logprobs":null,"top_p":null,"truncation":null,"user":null,"stream":null},"response":{"id":"resp_df745c26b9534f03af92eab66a82a4a6","created_at":1780006111.0,"error":null,"incomplete_details":null,"instructions":null,"metadata":null,"model":"Qwen3.5-35B-A3B","object":"response","output":[{"id":"msg_e168d0f84fee41fa9b8ef5912702f99f","content":[{"annotations":[],"text":"由朱丽叶·苏瑟兰、大卫·维德格和 PG 分布式校对员制作\n\n 老派医生\n\n 作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦\n\n 一位全科医生\n\n 第一卷。\n\n序言\n\n我怀着极大的善意为《老派医生》（本书由戈登先生以令人钦佩且深谙其意的风格绘制插图）的版次撰写这篇简短的序言，因为我有两件事想对我的读者，也就是我的朋友，说。\n\n其一，是回答一个经常被公正提出的问题：是否曾有过像威廉·麦克卢尔那样忘我且完全基督化的人？对此，我怀着自豪，凭良心回答：并非一人，而是苏格兰和南方地区有许多这样的人。我也敢于跨越海洋预言。\n\n有幸认识四位乡村医生的，仅我一人，他们之中没有一个是完美的——韦卢姆（Weelum）也不例外——但每一位都足以成为我笔下英雄的原型。其中三位如今已安息，而第四位，如果他能看到这些文字，也绝不会承认自己就是原型。\n\n其次，我想感谢我的读者，尤其是医学界，对《德拉姆托奇医生》的接纳。\n\n多年来，我一直渴望向这样一个群体致敬，他们的服务为每个乡邻所熟知，但在故事流传之后，我的心却退缩了。因为人们可能会因其文风的微小优雅不足和人物外表的粗犷而轻视它。然而，无论是他的传记作者还是他的处境，都无法掩盖麦克卢尔的光辉，他自己赢得了所有正直的心，并重新获得了他那些更杰出同行的认可。来自英语世界各地的信件纷纷寄来，称赞韦卢姆·麦克卢尔，其中许多来自那些重获勇气的医生。对于一位新作家而言，获得一个以慈善著称、令我们所有人都感到羞愧的职业的赞许，这无疑是莫大的荣誉。\n\n我能否借此首次机会，表达我对美国人民对这本简单书籍的厚爱所感到的深深触动，并表达我希望能有一天与你们面对面相见的愿望。\n\n伊恩·麦克莱伦。利物浦，1895 年 10 月 4 日。\n\n 一位全科医生\n\n一\n\n一位全科医生\n\n德拉姆托奇（Drumtochty）的人们习惯于违背所有健康法则，除了 wholesome food（ wholesome food 指健康食物）和新鲜空气，然而他们却将诗篇作者所说的寿命极限缩短到了平均寿命。我们的男人们不分夏冬，衣着毫无区别，只有德拉姆休（Drumsheugh）和几位较大的农场主在安息日为了表示身份而屈尊穿一件大衣，完全不顾气温。他们在葬礼上穿着黑衣，拒绝在上面加任何东西，以示对逝者的尊重，当北风从百英里外的雪原吹来时，他们甚至在墓地站得最久。如果雨在交汇处倾盆而下，那么德拉姆托奇的人们就会凭借天生的倔强多站两分钟，直到每个人的大衣下摆都如瀑布般滴水，并在前往基尔达米（Kildrummie）的半路上，冒险建议说天气“有点湿冷”（\"a bit scrowie\"），\"scrowie\"的程度远不及\"shoor\"，而\"shoor\"又远不及\"weet\"（湿透）。\n\n[插图：桑迪·斯图尔特“打滑”的石块]\n\n这种对自然元素的持续 defiance（ defiance 指蔑视/对抗）偶尔会招致“咳嗽”（\"hoast\"）这样的报应，当房主在回家路上不小心走过溪流时，他的家人们便会劝他“换换脚”，并普遍地用卫生预防措施来烦扰他。必须补充的是，这位“古德曼”（gudeman，意为男主人）对这类建议嗤之以鼻，认为它们只适合城镇的娇气，绝非认真针对德拉姆托奇。桑迪·斯图尔特无论冬夏、无论晴雨，都穿着衬衫在路上的石块上干活，直到八十五岁才被说服退休，不再从事体力劳动，此后又花了十年时间后悔自己的草率并批评他的继任者。普通的生活节奏是，在空气优良、心境满足的情况下，工作到七十岁，然后继续处理一些杂务直到八十几岁，并在九十岁之前“悄然离去”（\"slip awa\"）。九十岁以上的人被认为表现优异，并摆出权威的架势，将七十岁的意见视为不成熟而置之不理，并用上个世纪末的例子来证实自己的结论。\n\n当希洛克（Hillocks）的兄弟如此失态，在六十岁时就“悄然离去”时，这位可敬的人感到震惊，并在葬礼上发表了冗长的解释。\n\n“无论从哪个角度看，这都是件可怕的事，对我们大家来说都是一个沉重的考验。我们家族以前从未听说过这样的事，这很难解释。\n\n“女主人说，自从一个雨夜他在荒原上迷路并睡在灌木丛下之后，他就再也不是原来的样子了；但这无关紧要。我想，这两年来他为英格兰的事忧心忡忡，把身体搞垮了。那是三十年前的事了，但在那样的异国气候之后，人永远回不到原来的样子。”\n\n德拉姆托奇的人们耐心地听着希洛克的道歉，但并不满意。\n\n“关于荒原的完全是胡扯。天哪，我们都睡过露天，从未因此受损分毫。\n\n“我承认英格兰可能造成了这个结果；那样从一个地方到另一个地方四处游荡确实不稳妥，但德拉姆如果在南方被冻伤，从未向我抱怨过。”\n\n事实上，在德拉姆尝试使用一台挖土豆机却以惨败告终后，教区对他已失去信心，而他过早的离世也证实了我们对他性格的模糊印象。\n\n“他现在走了，”德拉姆休在舆论形成后总结道，“比德拉姆更坏的人也有，但他确实有点轻浮。”\n\n当疾病敢于袭击德拉姆托奇人时，它被称为“打击”（\"whup\"），男人们对此表现出一种高傲的漠视。一天下午，希洛克坐在邮局里，我进去取信，他脸的一侧红得发亮。他正在谈论芜菁“幼苗”的前景，但顺便解释说他在等待医疗建议。\n\n“女主人从早到晚都在跟我唠叨我的脸，我简直快聋了，所以我正等着麦克卢尔医生从西边过来拿药瓶；他来了。”\n\n医生骑马赶到，一眼便做出了诊断，并用那种令德拉姆托奇人深爱的清晰口吻陈述了结果。\n\n“该死的，希洛克，你这张脸像煮熟的甜菜，为什么还在那儿淋雨瞎折腾？ 你不知道你得了点丹毒（玫瑰疹），应该待在家里吗？趁大家都还没离开，赶紧回家，让人去拿点药。你这个蠢货，你想在时间未到之前就学德拉姆的样子吗？”德拉姆托奇的医生继续他的斥责，直到希洛克起身，并继续用简单实用的医疗建议追着他那远去的背影。\n\n[插图：“女主人从早到晚都在唠叨”]\n\n“我在看着呢，如果你耽误了时间，我可怜你。明天卧床休息，在我看到你之前，别在田里露面。我星期一会去叫你——你这个老傻瓜——但整个教区里也没人比我更关心你了。”\n\n希洛克的妻子告诉墓地，医生“给了男主人一顿严厉的训斥”，而希洛克“待在家里”，这意味着病人吃了茶点早餐，当时正穿着便装，头裹着格子呢，在农场建筑间闲逛。\n\n对于这样一群健康状况糟糕透顶的人，医生甚至无法赚取最 modest 的（modest 指适度的）收入，因此麦克卢尔兼并了邻近的教区。他的房子——不过是一间小农舍——坐落在我们格伦（Glen）顶端的松树林旁的路边，以此为基地，他统治着那条在德拉姆托奇上方打破格兰扁山脉（Grampians）屏障的荒野峡谷——那里冬季积雪深达十二英尺，有时唯一的通道就是河床——以及向西直到邓莱思（Dunleith）势力范围的荒原地区，那里有四位医生和一个水疗中心。德拉姆托奇长八英里，宽四英里，完全在他的掌控之中；此外，还有一个背后未知的峡谷，他在夜间冒着生命危险前往，因为通往那里的路要穿过有大泥坑和危险沼泽的大荒原。他还向东控制着直到穆尔敦（Muirtown）的土地，只要德拉姆托奇的邮差乔吉（Geordie）每天都能走到那里，并传递医生被需要的消息。年复一年，无论雪天还是热天，无论黑夜还是白天，他不知疲倦，没有假期，为这片狂野、分散的地区里的每一个男人、女人和孩子竭尽全力，长达四十年。\n\n一匹马无法完成这个人的工作，但我们最喜欢看到他骑着他那匹老白马，它在主人死后的一周也去世了，这两者的离去让我们心中感到欣慰。这并不是因为他骑术优美，因为他违背了所有的艺术准则，双臂飞扬，弯腰得仿佛在对杰西（Jess）的耳朵说话，在马鞍上起身也超出了必要。但他能骑得更快，在马鞍上停留更久，膝盖的抓握力也比我所遇到的任何人都强，这一切都是为了慈悲。当收割工在收获季节看到一个人影在尘土中旋转而过，或者格伦·乌尔塔奇（Glen Urtach）底部的家人在冬夜围坐在火堆旁，听到马蹄声在路上的哒哒声，或者牧羊人赶着羊群，看到雪地上有一个黑点向峡谷上方移动，他们就知道那是医生，并且在不自觉中祝他一路顺风。\n\n[插图]\n\n马鞍前后都绑着医生可能需要的器械和药品，因为他永远不知道前方等待的是什么。德拉姆托奇没有专科医生，所以这个人必须尽最大努力、以最快速度做所有事情。他是胸科医生，也是其他所有器官的医生；他是产科医生和外科医生；他是眼科医生和耳鼻喉科医生；他是牙医和氯仿师，此外还是药剂师和化学师。人们常讲述这样一个故事：当打谷场的工人抓住年轻的伯恩布雷（Burnbrae）时，麦克卢尔医生远在格伦·乌尔塔奇，他只在自家换马，然后一路策马狂奔到伯恩布雷，跳下马，切断了那只手臂，救了那个男孩的命。\n\n“你会觉得每一分钟都像一小时，”在打谷场干活的杰米·索塔（Jamie Soutar）说，“我永远忘不了那个可怜的孩子像死一样苍白地躺在阁楼的地板上，头枕着一捆麦秸，伯恩布雷紧紧按住绷带，一直祈祷，而母亲在角落里哭泣。\n\n“‘他怎么还不来？’她喊道，我在霜冻的空气中听到了马蹄声，离这里有一英里远。\n\n“‘赞美主！’伯恩布雷说，当医生飞奔进狭窄的通道，马嘴喷着泡沫时，我们都顺着梯子滑了下去。\n\n“‘他在哪儿？’这是他脱口而出的话，五分钟内，他把他放在喂料板上，开始工作——真是了不起的工作，邻居们——但他做得很好。还有一件事让我觉得他非常体贴：他首先打发那个男孩的母亲去准备床铺。\n\n“‘现在这件事完成了，他的身体会完成其余的部分，’他像抱孩子一样把男孩抱下梯子，把他放在床上，守在他身边直到他睡着，然后他说：‘伯恩布雷，你那个好男孩永远不要说“科利，你会舔吗？”因为我们十六个小时没吃肉了。’\n\n“邻居们，那天看到他走进院子真是了不起；他给人的感觉就是胜利。”\n\n[插图：“他给人的感觉就是胜利”]\n\n杰米的愤世嫉俗在这段回忆的热情中烟消云散，他表达了德拉姆托奇人的感受。除非万不得已，否则没人会叫麦克卢尔，而看到他的出现就能让绝望的心重获勇气。但这并非源于他的外表，也不是因为良好的 bedside manner（bedside manner 指对待病人的态度）。他是一个高大、瘦削、松散身材的男人，身上没有多余的脂肪，脸因长期暴露在天气下而呈深砖红色，红发和胡须已转灰，那双诚实的蓝眼睛直视着你，巨大的手腕骨像火腿的腿骨，声音能跨越两块田地送出问候，他给人的印象更像是荒原而不是客厅。但在手术中，他的手是多么灵巧，细腻得如同女人的手；在牧羊人妻子在丈夫床边哭泣的简陋房间里，他的声音是多么亲切。起初他“长得并不讨喜”（\"ill pitten the gither\"），但他许多身体上的缺陷是他工作的代价，也使他深受格伦的喜爱。那道割进他右眉、使他表情显得阴险的丑陋伤疤，是杰西在冰上滑倒，将他摔得失去知觉，离家八英里远的那个夜晚留下的。他的跛足标志着五十年代那场大暴风雪，当时他的马在格伦·乌尔塔奇迷了路，他们一起滚进了雪堆。麦克卢尔侥幸逃脱，但摔断了腿，三根肋骨骨折，从此再也不能像其他人那样走路。他无法把自己 swing（swing 指摆动）进马鞍，除非尝试两次并抓住杰西的鬃毛。你也不能在四十个冬天的泥炭沼泽和雪堆中“搏斗”（\"warstle\"）而不染上风湿病。但这些都是光荣的伤疤，为了这样的生命风险，男人们在别的领域可以获得维多利亚十字勋章。\n\n[插图：“为了这样的生命风险，男人们在别的领域获得维多利亚十字勋章”]\n\n麦克卢尔得到的只是格伦的秘密 affection（affection 指爱戴），格伦知道，从未有人为他做过十分之一的贡献，这个笨拙、扭曲、饱经风霜的身影，我曾见过德拉姆托奇人的脸在看到麦克卢尔一瘸一拐走向他的马时变得柔和。\n\n霍普斯先生（Mr. Hopps）因批评医生的衣着而永远失去了格伦的 goodwill（goodwill 指善意），事实上，这会让任何城镇人感到震惊。他一年只穿一次黑色衣服，在圣餐主日，如果可能的话，在葬礼上；从不穿大衣或雨衣。他的夹克和背心是格伦·乌尔塔奇羊毛制成的粗糙粗呢，像鸭背一样防水，下面穿着牧羊人的格子呢裤子，消失在未抛光的骑马靴中。他的衬衫是灰色法兰绒，对衣领模棱两可，但对领带却非常确定——虽然他从不系领带，用胡须代替——他的帽子是四种颜色、七种不同形状的软毡帽。他衣着上的显著特点是裤子，这也是人们无尽猜测的主题。\n\n“有人说他穿了这双一模一样的裤子整整二十年，我记得有一次他穿过我们的栅栏时，后面被划破了一道口子，补钉至今可见。\n\n“其他人声称他有一块布料，每两年可能在穆尔敦做一条新裤子，然后把它藏在花园里，直到新的看起来旧了再穿。\n\n“就我个人而言，”索塔常说，“我无法下定决心，但有一件事是确定的，格伦不会喜欢看到他没穿裤子：那会打击信心。格子图案已经所剩无几，但你总能认出来，当你看到这条裤子出现时，你就知道，如果人力能救你孩子的命，那就一定能做到。”\n\n格伦——以及附属地区——的信心是无限的，部分源于对医生资源的长期经验，部分源于他的世袭联系。\n\n“他的父亲在他之前就在这里了，”麦克法登夫人（Mrs. Macfadyen）常解释道，“他们俩统治着这片乡村将近一个世纪；如果麦克卢尔不懂我们的体质，谁懂呢？我想问问？”\n\n因为德拉姆托奇有自己的体质和一种特殊的喉病，这正符合一个完全自给自足、被森林和山丘包围、既不依赖低地也不依赖低地医生和疾病的教区。\n\n“麦克卢尔医生是个聪明人，”我的朋友麦克法登夫人继续说道，她对布道或其他事物的判断很少出错，“而且心地善良，当然，他也有像我们大家一样的缺点，而且他不常去教堂。\n\n“他总能知道哪里出了问题，大多数时候他能把你治好，而且他没有什么新奇的疗法：外用膏药，内服泻盐，这就够了，据说山上没有他不认识的草药。\n\n“如果我们注定要死，那就死吧；如果我们注定要活，那就活吧，”埃尔西丝（Elspeth）用坚定的加尔文主义逻辑总结道，“但我必须说，无论你是生是死，他总能保持皮肤上的水分。”\n\n“但如果你带他来看病，而实际上没什么毛病，他就不会太客气，”麦克法登夫人的脸上反映了霍普斯先生的另一场不幸，希洛克拥有其版权。\n\n“霍普斯的儿子吃了太多醋栗（grosarts），他们不得不整夜守着他，除了医生，什么也做不了，他在纸条上写了‘立即’。\n\n“好吧，麦克卢尔整晚都在邓莱思照顾一位牧羊人的妻子，他连缰绳都没拉就来了，泥巴一直溅到膝盖。\n\n“‘希洛克，你让我来这里干什么？’他喊道，‘这不是意外，对吧？’当他下马时，由于僵硬和疲劳，几乎站不住。\n\n“‘我们都没事，医生，是霍普斯的儿子；他吃了太多浆果。’\n\n[插图：“霍普斯的儿子吃了醋栗”]\n\n“如果他不像老虎一样冲我发火就好了。\n\n“ 你的意思是说……\"\n\n“嘘，嘘，”我试图让他安静，因为霍普斯要出来了。\n\n“好吧，医生，”他像喜鹊一样轻快地开始说，“你终于来了；你们苏格兰人总是这么慢。我儿子整晚都病了，我连一秒钟的觉都没睡。你本可以来得快一点，这就是我要说的全部。”\n\n“我们在德拉姆托奇有更重要的事要做，不能照顾每一个肚子疼的孩子，”我看到麦克卢尔被激怒了。\n\n“听到你说话我很惊讶。我们家里的医生总是对霍普斯太太说：‘霍普斯太太，把我当作家庭朋友，哪怕只是头痛也要叫我。’\n\n“如果他只有二十四英里路要走，他会更节省他的提议。你儿子除了贪吃没什么毛病。给他一大剂蓖麻油，停食一天，明天他就会好起来。”\n\n“他不会吃蓖麻油的，医生。我们已经放弃了那些野蛮的药物。”\n\n“你们南方现在用什么药？”\n\n“嗯，你看，麦克卢尔医生，我们是顺势疗法者，我这里有我的小箱子，”霍普斯说着拿出了他的盒子。\n\n“让我看看，”麦克卢尔坐下，拿出小瓶子，每次读名字时都带着笑声。\n\n“颠茄；你听说过这种事吗？乌头；它吓坏了所有人。番木鳖碱。接下来是什么？好吧，我的伙计，”他对霍普斯说，“这是个不错的把戏，你最好继续用番木鳖碱，直到用完，再给他吃任何他喜欢的糖果。\n\n“现在，希洛克，我必须走了，去看看德拉姆休的哀悼者，他得了热病，这将是一场艰苦的战斗。我没时间等晚饭；给我一些奶酪和蛋糕拿在手里，杰西会带一桶面粉和水。\n\n“费用；我不需要你的费用，伙计；有了那个盒子，你不需要医生；不，不，把你的钱给某个穷人吧，霍普斯先生，”他尽可能快地沿着路走了。\n\n他的费用大致由人们愿意给多少决定，他每年在基尔达米集市上收取一次。\n\n“好吧，医生，我欠你多少钱，为了妻子和孩子？你需要三张票据，因为你那晚住在家里，还有所有的探访。”\n\n“胡扯，”麦克卢尔会回答，“听说物价很低；给我三十先令吧。”\n\n“不，我不给，否则妻子会扯掉我的耳朵，”最后定为两英镑。基尔辛迪勋爵（Lord Kilspindie）给了他一所免费的房子和田地，德拉姆休告诉我，医生一年大约能收入 150 英镑，从中他必须支付老女佣和男孩的工资，饲养两匹马，此外还有器械和书籍的费用，他通过爱丁堡的一位朋友以极大的判断力购买。\n\n只有一个人曾抱怨医生的收费，那就是米尔顿（Milton）的新农场主，他太好了，好到超越了教会，并在谷仓里开会。（起初格伦以为米尔顿是摩门教徒，但我现在不能详述此事。）他出价比医生要求的少一英镑，外加两本小册子，对此，麦克卢尔从神学和社会角度对米尔顿表达了如此有力和坦率的看法，以至于在场的德拉姆托奇人几乎无法控制自己。杰米·索塔当时正在卖猪，错过了会议，但他急忙去安慰米尔顿，米尔顿到处抱怨医生的言辞。\n\n[插图]\n\n“你抵抗他是对的；这可能会激起格伦的斗志，让他站出来；他简直把人们置于奴役之中。\n\n“十二次探访收三十先令，而他离这里不过七英里，而且我听说晚上只有四次。\n\n“你会得到格伦的同情，因为大家都知道你和你的小册子一样慷慨。\n\n“你给他的是‘谨防善行’吗？伙计，你选得好，因为他四十年来一直在收集，我担心他。\n\n“我常常想，我们的医生不过是那个好撒玛利亚人，而法利赛人对他在这个世界或来世的希望也不抱太大期望。”\n\n***\n\n古腾堡项目《老派医生》第一部分，作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦，结束。","type":"output_text","logprobs":null}],"role":"assistant","status":"completed","type":"message"}],"parallel_tool_calls":true,"temperature":0.0,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_p":null,"background":null,"conversation":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"prompt_cache_key":null,"reasoning":null,"safety_identifier":null,"service_tier":null,"status":null,"text":null,"top_logprobs":null,"truncation":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":6227,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0},"output_tokens":4561,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":0},"total_tokens":10788},"user":null},"reward":0.6663600735126003,"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","doc_id":"A-Doctor-of-the-Old-School-Part-1-by-Ian-Maclaren","generation":"由朱丽叶·苏瑟兰、大卫·维德格和 PG 分布式校对员制作\n\n 老派医生\n\n 作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦\n\n 一位全科医生\n\n 第一卷。\n\n序言\n\n我怀着极大的善意为《老派医生》（本书由戈登先生以令人钦佩且深谙其意的风格绘制插图）的版次撰写这篇简短的序言，因为我有两件事想对我的读者，也就是我的朋友，说。\n\n其一，是回答一个经常被公正提出的问题：是否曾有过像威廉·麦克卢尔那样忘我且完全基督化的人？对此，我怀着自豪，凭良心回答：并非一人，而是苏格兰和南方地区有许多这样的人。我也敢于跨越海洋预言。\n\n有幸认识四位乡村医生的，仅我一人，他们之中没有一个是完美的——韦卢姆（Weelum）也不例外——但每一位都足以成为我笔下英雄的原型。其中三位如今已安息，而第四位，如果他能看到这些文字，也绝不会承认自己就是原型。\n\n其次，我想感谢我的读者，尤其是医学界，对《德拉姆托奇医生》的接纳。\n\n多年来，我一直渴望向这样一个群体致敬，他们的服务为每个乡邻所熟知，但在故事流传之后，我的心却退缩了。因为人们可能会因其文风的微小优雅不足和人物外表的粗犷而轻视它。然而，无论是他的传记作者还是他的处境，都无法掩盖麦克卢尔的光辉，他自己赢得了所有正直的心，并重新获得了他那些更杰出同行的认可。来自英语世界各地的信件纷纷寄来，称赞韦卢姆·麦克卢尔，其中许多来自那些重获勇气的医生。对于一位新作家而言，获得一个以慈善著称、令我们所有人都感到羞愧的职业的赞许，这无疑是莫大的荣誉。\n\n我能否借此首次机会，表达我对美国人民对这本简单书籍的厚爱所感到的深深触动，并表达我希望能有一天与你们面对面相见的愿望。\n\n伊恩·麦克莱伦。利物浦，1895 年 10 月 4 日。\n\n 一位全科医生\n\n一\n\n一位全科医生\n\n德拉姆托奇（Drumtochty）的人们习惯于违背所有健康法则，除了 wholesome food（ wholesome food 指健康食物）和新鲜空气，然而他们却将诗篇作者所说的寿命极限缩短到了平均寿命。我们的男人们不分夏冬，衣着毫无区别，只有德拉姆休（Drumsheugh）和几位较大的农场主在安息日为了表示身份而屈尊穿一件大衣，完全不顾气温。他们在葬礼上穿着黑衣，拒绝在上面加任何东西，以示对逝者的尊重，当北风从百英里外的雪原吹来时，他们甚至在墓地站得最久。如果雨在交汇处倾盆而下，那么德拉姆托奇的人们就会凭借天生的倔强多站两分钟，直到每个人的大衣下摆都如瀑布般滴水，并在前往基尔达米（Kildrummie）的半路上，冒险建议说天气“有点湿冷”（\"a bit scrowie\"），\"scrowie\"的程度远不及\"shoor\"，而\"shoor\"又远不及\"weet\"（湿透）。\n\n[插图：桑迪·斯图尔特“打滑”的石块]\n\n这种对自然元素的持续 defiance（ defiance 指蔑视/对抗）偶尔会招致“咳嗽”（\"hoast\"）这样的报应，当房主在回家路上不小心走过溪流时，他的家人们便会劝他“换换脚”，并普遍地用卫生预防措施来烦扰他。必须补充的是，这位“古德曼”（gudeman，意为男主人）对这类建议嗤之以鼻，认为它们只适合城镇的娇气，绝非认真针对德拉姆托奇。桑迪·斯图尔特无论冬夏、无论晴雨，都穿着衬衫在路上的石块上干活，直到八十五岁才被说服退休，不再从事体力劳动，此后又花了十年时间后悔自己的草率并批评他的继任者。普通的生活节奏是，在空气优良、心境满足的情况下，工作到七十岁，然后继续处理一些杂务直到八十几岁，并在九十岁之前“悄然离去”（\"slip awa\"）。九十岁以上的人被认为表现优异，并摆出权威的架势，将七十岁的意见视为不成熟而置之不理，并用上个世纪末的例子来证实自己的结论。\n\n当希洛克（Hillocks）的兄弟如此失态，在六十岁时就“悄然离去”时，这位可敬的人感到震惊，并在葬礼上发表了冗长的解释。\n\n“无论从哪个角度看，这都是件可怕的事，对我们大家来说都是一个沉重的考验。我们家族以前从未听说过这样的事，这很难解释。\n\n“女主人说，自从一个雨夜他在荒原上迷路并睡在灌木丛下之后，他就再也不是原来的样子了；但这无关紧要。我想，这两年来他为英格兰的事忧心忡忡，把身体搞垮了。那是三十年前的事了，但在那样的异国气候之后，人永远回不到原来的样子。”\n\n德拉姆托奇的人们耐心地听着希洛克的道歉，但并不满意。\n\n“关于荒原的完全是胡扯。天哪，我们都睡过露天，从未因此受损分毫。\n\n“我承认英格兰可能造成了这个结果；那样从一个地方到另一个地方四处游荡确实不稳妥，但德拉姆如果在南方被冻伤，从未向我抱怨过。”\n\n事实上，在德拉姆尝试使用一台挖土豆机却以惨败告终后，教区对他已失去信心，而他过早的离世也证实了我们对他性格的模糊印象。\n\n“他现在走了，”德拉姆休在舆论形成后总结道，“比德拉姆更坏的人也有，但他确实有点轻浮。”\n\n当疾病敢于袭击德拉姆托奇人时，它被称为“打击”（\"whup\"），男人们对此表现出一种高傲的漠视。一天下午，希洛克坐在邮局里，我进去取信，他脸的一侧红得发亮。他正在谈论芜菁“幼苗”的前景，但顺便解释说他在等待医疗建议。\n\n“女主人从早到晚都在跟我唠叨我的脸，我简直快聋了，所以我正等着麦克卢尔医生从西边过来拿药瓶；他来了。”\n\n医生骑马赶到，一眼便做出了诊断，并用那种令德拉姆托奇人深爱的清晰口吻陈述了结果。\n\n“该死的，希洛克，你这张脸像煮熟的甜菜，为什么还在那儿淋雨瞎折腾？ 你不知道你得了点丹毒（玫瑰疹），应该待在家里吗？趁大家都还没离开，赶紧回家，让人去拿点药。你这个蠢货，你想在时间未到之前就学德拉姆的样子吗？”德拉姆托奇的医生继续他的斥责，直到希洛克起身，并继续用简单实用的医疗建议追着他那远去的背影。\n\n[插图：“女主人从早到晚都在唠叨”]\n\n“我在看着呢，如果你耽误了时间，我可怜你。明天卧床休息，在我看到你之前，别在田里露面。我星期一会去叫你——你这个老傻瓜——但整个教区里也没人比我更关心你了。”\n\n希洛克的妻子告诉墓地，医生“给了男主人一顿严厉的训斥”，而希洛克“待在家里”，这意味着病人吃了茶点早餐，当时正穿着便装，头裹着格子呢，在农场建筑间闲逛。\n\n对于这样一群健康状况糟糕透顶的人，医生甚至无法赚取最 modest 的（modest 指适度的）收入，因此麦克卢尔兼并了邻近的教区。他的房子——不过是一间小农舍——坐落在我们格伦（Glen）顶端的松树林旁的路边，以此为基地，他统治着那条在德拉姆托奇上方打破格兰扁山脉（Grampians）屏障的荒野峡谷——那里冬季积雪深达十二英尺，有时唯一的通道就是河床——以及向西直到邓莱思（Dunleith）势力范围的荒原地区，那里有四位医生和一个水疗中心。德拉姆托奇长八英里，宽四英里，完全在他的掌控之中；此外，还有一个背后未知的峡谷，他在夜间冒着生命危险前往，因为通往那里的路要穿过有大泥坑和危险沼泽的大荒原。他还向东控制着直到穆尔敦（Muirtown）的土地，只要德拉姆托奇的邮差乔吉（Geordie）每天都能走到那里，并传递医生被需要的消息。年复一年，无论雪天还是热天，无论黑夜还是白天，他不知疲倦，没有假期，为这片狂野、分散的地区里的每一个男人、女人和孩子竭尽全力，长达四十年。\n\n一匹马无法完成这个人的工作，但我们最喜欢看到他骑着他那匹老白马，它在主人死后的一周也去世了，这两者的离去让我们心中感到欣慰。这并不是因为他骑术优美，因为他违背了所有的艺术准则，双臂飞扬，弯腰得仿佛在对杰西（Jess）的耳朵说话，在马鞍上起身也超出了必要。但他能骑得更快，在马鞍上停留更久，膝盖的抓握力也比我所遇到的任何人都强，这一切都是为了慈悲。当收割工在收获季节看到一个人影在尘土中旋转而过，或者格伦·乌尔塔奇（Glen Urtach）底部的家人在冬夜围坐在火堆旁，听到马蹄声在路上的哒哒声，或者牧羊人赶着羊群，看到雪地上有一个黑点向峡谷上方移动，他们就知道那是医生，并且在不自觉中祝他一路顺风。\n\n[插图]\n\n马鞍前后都绑着医生可能需要的器械和药品，因为他永远不知道前方等待的是什么。德拉姆托奇没有专科医生，所以这个人必须尽最大努力、以最快速度做所有事情。他是胸科医生，也是其他所有器官的医生；他是产科医生和外科医生；他是眼科医生和耳鼻喉科医生；他是牙医和氯仿师，此外还是药剂师和化学师。人们常讲述这样一个故事：当打谷场的工人抓住年轻的伯恩布雷（Burnbrae）时，麦克卢尔医生远在格伦·乌尔塔奇，他只在自家换马，然后一路策马狂奔到伯恩布雷，跳下马，切断了那只手臂，救了那个男孩的命。\n\n“你会觉得每一分钟都像一小时，”在打谷场干活的杰米·索塔（Jamie Soutar）说，“我永远忘不了那个可怜的孩子像死一样苍白地躺在阁楼的地板上，头枕着一捆麦秸，伯恩布雷紧紧按住绷带，一直祈祷，而母亲在角落里哭泣。\n\n“‘他怎么还不来？’她喊道，我在霜冻的空气中听到了马蹄声，离这里有一英里远。\n\n“‘赞美主！’伯恩布雷说，当医生飞奔进狭窄的通道，马嘴喷着泡沫时，我们都顺着梯子滑了下去。\n\n“‘他在哪儿？’这是他脱口而出的话，五分钟内，他把他放在喂料板上，开始工作——真是了不起的工作，邻居们——但他做得很好。还有一件事让我觉得他非常体贴：他首先打发那个男孩的母亲去准备床铺。\n\n“‘现在这件事完成了，他的身体会完成其余的部分，’他像抱孩子一样把男孩抱下梯子，把他放在床上，守在他身边直到他睡着，然后他说：‘伯恩布雷，你那个好男孩永远不要说“科利，你会舔吗？”因为我们十六个小时没吃肉了。’\n\n“邻居们，那天看到他走进院子真是了不起；他给人的感觉就是胜利。”\n\n[插图：“他给人的感觉就是胜利”]\n\n杰米的愤世嫉俗在这段回忆的热情中烟消云散，他表达了德拉姆托奇人的感受。除非万不得已，否则没人会叫麦克卢尔，而看到他的出现就能让绝望的心重获勇气。但这并非源于他的外表，也不是因为良好的 bedside manner（bedside manner 指对待病人的态度）。他是一个高大、瘦削、松散身材的男人，身上没有多余的脂肪，脸因长期暴露在天气下而呈深砖红色，红发和胡须已转灰，那双诚实的蓝眼睛直视着你，巨大的手腕骨像火腿的腿骨，声音能跨越两块田地送出问候，他给人的印象更像是荒原而不是客厅。但在手术中，他的手是多么灵巧，细腻得如同女人的手；在牧羊人妻子在丈夫床边哭泣的简陋房间里，他的声音是多么亲切。起初他“长得并不讨喜”（\"ill pitten the gither\"），但他许多身体上的缺陷是他工作的代价，也使他深受格伦的喜爱。那道割进他右眉、使他表情显得阴险的丑陋伤疤，是杰西在冰上滑倒，将他摔得失去知觉，离家八英里远的那个夜晚留下的。他的跛足标志着五十年代那场大暴风雪，当时他的马在格伦·乌尔塔奇迷了路，他们一起滚进了雪堆。麦克卢尔侥幸逃脱，但摔断了腿，三根肋骨骨折，从此再也不能像其他人那样走路。他无法把自己 swing（swing 指摆动）进马鞍，除非尝试两次并抓住杰西的鬃毛。你也不能在四十个冬天的泥炭沼泽和雪堆中“搏斗”（\"warstle\"）而不染上风湿病。但这些都是光荣的伤疤，为了这样的生命风险，男人们在别的领域可以获得维多利亚十字勋章。\n\n[插图：“为了这样的生命风险，男人们在别的领域获得维多利亚十字勋章”]\n\n麦克卢尔得到的只是格伦的秘密 affection（affection 指爱戴），格伦知道，从未有人为他做过十分之一的贡献，这个笨拙、扭曲、饱经风霜的身影，我曾见过德拉姆托奇人的脸在看到麦克卢尔一瘸一拐走向他的马时变得柔和。\n\n霍普斯先生（Mr. Hopps）因批评医生的衣着而永远失去了格伦的 goodwill（goodwill 指善意），事实上，这会让任何城镇人感到震惊。他一年只穿一次黑色衣服，在圣餐主日，如果可能的话，在葬礼上；从不穿大衣或雨衣。他的夹克和背心是格伦·乌尔塔奇羊毛制成的粗糙粗呢，像鸭背一样防水，下面穿着牧羊人的格子呢裤子，消失在未抛光的骑马靴中。他的衬衫是灰色法兰绒，对衣领模棱两可，但对领带却非常确定——虽然他从不系领带，用胡须代替——他的帽子是四种颜色、七种不同形状的软毡帽。他衣着上的显著特点是裤子，这也是人们无尽猜测的主题。\n\n“有人说他穿了这双一模一样的裤子整整二十年，我记得有一次他穿过我们的栅栏时，后面被划破了一道口子，补钉至今可见。\n\n“其他人声称他有一块布料，每两年可能在穆尔敦做一条新裤子，然后把它藏在花园里，直到新的看起来旧了再穿。\n\n“就我个人而言，”索塔常说，“我无法下定决心，但有一件事是确定的，格伦不会喜欢看到他没穿裤子：那会打击信心。格子图案已经所剩无几，但你总能认出来，当你看到这条裤子出现时，你就知道，如果人力能救你孩子的命，那就一定能做到。”\n\n格伦——以及附属地区——的信心是无限的，部分源于对医生资源的长期经验，部分源于他的世袭联系。\n\n“他的父亲在他之前就在这里了，”麦克法登夫人（Mrs. Macfadyen）常解释道，“他们俩统治着这片乡村将近一个世纪；如果麦克卢尔不懂我们的体质，谁懂呢？我想问问？”\n\n因为德拉姆托奇有自己的体质和一种特殊的喉病，这正符合一个完全自给自足、被森林和山丘包围、既不依赖低地也不依赖低地医生和疾病的教区。\n\n“麦克卢尔医生是个聪明人，”我的朋友麦克法登夫人继续说道，她对布道或其他事物的判断很少出错，“而且心地善良，当然，他也有像我们大家一样的缺点，而且他不常去教堂。\n\n“他总能知道哪里出了问题，大多数时候他能把你治好，而且他没有什么新奇的疗法：外用膏药，内服泻盐，这就够了，据说山上没有他不认识的草药。\n\n“如果我们注定要死，那就死吧；如果我们注定要活，那就活吧，”埃尔西丝（Elspeth）用坚定的加尔文主义逻辑总结道，“但我必须说，无论你是生是死，他总能保持皮肤上的水分。”\n\n“但如果你带他来看病，而实际上没什么毛病，他就不会太客气，”麦克法登夫人的脸上反映了霍普斯先生的另一场不幸，希洛克拥有其版权。\n\n“霍普斯的儿子吃了太多醋栗（grosarts），他们不得不整夜守着他，除了医生，什么也做不了，他在纸条上写了‘立即’。\n\n“好吧，麦克卢尔整晚都在邓莱思照顾一位牧羊人的妻子，他连缰绳都没拉就来了，泥巴一直溅到膝盖。\n\n“‘希洛克，你让我来这里干什么？’他喊道，‘这不是意外，对吧？’当他下马时，由于僵硬和疲劳，几乎站不住。\n\n“‘我们都没事，医生，是霍普斯的儿子；他吃了太多浆果。’\n\n[插图：“霍普斯的儿子吃了醋栗”]\n\n“如果他不像老虎一样冲我发火就好了。\n\n“ 你的意思是说……\"\n\n“嘘，嘘，”我试图让他安静，因为霍普斯要出来了。\n\n“好吧，医生，”他像喜鹊一样轻快地开始说，“你终于来了；你们苏格兰人总是这么慢。我儿子整晚都病了，我连一秒钟的觉都没睡。你本可以来得快一点，这就是我要说的全部。”\n\n“我们在德拉姆托奇有更重要的事要做，不能照顾每一个肚子疼的孩子，”我看到麦克卢尔被激怒了。\n\n“听到你说话我很惊讶。我们家里的医生总是对霍普斯太太说：‘霍普斯太太，把我当作家庭朋友，哪怕只是头痛也要叫我。’\n\n“如果他只有二十四英里路要走，他会更节省他的提议。你儿子除了贪吃没什么毛病。给他一大剂蓖麻油，停食一天，明天他就会好起来。”\n\n“他不会吃蓖麻油的，医生。我们已经放弃了那些野蛮的药物。”\n\n“你们南方现在用什么药？”\n\n“嗯，你看，麦克卢尔医生，我们是顺势疗法者，我这里有我的小箱子，”霍普斯说着拿出了他的盒子。\n\n“让我看看，”麦克卢尔坐下，拿出小瓶子，每次读名字时都带着笑声。\n\n“颠茄；你听说过这种事吗？乌头；它吓坏了所有人。番木鳖碱。接下来是什么？好吧，我的伙计，”他对霍普斯说，“这是个不错的把戏，你最好继续用番木鳖碱，直到用完，再给他吃任何他喜欢的糖果。\n\n“现在，希洛克，我必须走了，去看看德拉姆休的哀悼者，他得了热病，这将是一场艰苦的战斗。我没时间等晚饭；给我一些奶酪和蛋糕拿在手里，杰西会带一桶面粉和水。\n\n“费用；我不需要你的费用，伙计；有了那个盒子，你不需要医生；不，不，把你的钱给某个穷人吧，霍普斯先生，”他尽可能快地沿着路走了。\n\n他的费用大致由人们愿意给多少决定，他每年在基尔达米集市上收取一次。\n\n“好吧，医生，我欠你多少钱，为了妻子和孩子？你需要三张票据，因为你那晚住在家里，还有所有的探访。”\n\n“胡扯，”麦克卢尔会回答，“听说物价很低；给我三十先令吧。”\n\n“不，我不给，否则妻子会扯掉我的耳朵，”最后定为两英镑。基尔辛迪勋爵（Lord Kilspindie）给了他一所免费的房子和田地，德拉姆休告诉我，医生一年大约能收入 150 英镑，从中他必须支付老女佣和男孩的工资，饲养两匹马，此外还有器械和书籍的费用，他通过爱丁堡的一位朋友以极大的判断力购买。\n\n只有一个人曾抱怨医生的收费，那就是米尔顿（Milton）的新农场主，他太好了，好到超越了教会，并在谷仓里开会。（起初格伦以为米尔顿是摩门教徒，但我现在不能详述此事。）他出价比医生要求的少一英镑，外加两本小册子，对此，麦克卢尔从神学和社会角度对米尔顿表达了如此有力和坦率的看法，以至于在场的德拉姆托奇人几乎无法控制自己。杰米·索塔当时正在卖猪，错过了会议，但他急忙去安慰米尔顿，米尔顿到处抱怨医生的言辞。\n\n[插图]\n\n“你抵抗他是对的；这可能会激起格伦的斗志，让他站出来；他简直把人们置于奴役之中。\n\n“十二次探访收三十先令，而他离这里不过七英里，而且我听说晚上只有四次。\n\n“你会得到格伦的同情，因为大家都知道你和你的小册子一样慷慨。\n\n“你给他的是‘谨防善行’吗？伙计，你选得好，因为他四十年来一直在收集，我担心他。\n\n“我常常想，我们的医生不过是那个好撒玛利亚人，而法利赛人对他在这个世界或来世的希望也不抱太大期望。”\n\n***\n\n古腾堡项目《老派医生》第一部分，作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦，结束。","comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":155,"misaligned_seg":3,"spans":[{"src":"Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed Proofreaders","tgt":"由朱丽叶·苏瑟兰、大卫·维德格和 PG 分布式校对员制作","comet_qe":0.7841235399246216,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL","tgt":"老派医生","comet_qe":0.7085161209106445,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"by Ian Maclaren","tgt":"作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦","comet_qe":0.8536978960037231,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A GENERAL PRACTITIONER","tgt":"一位全科医生","comet_qe":0.7940343618392944,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Book I.","tgt":"第一卷。","comet_qe":0.857384443283081,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"PREFACE","tgt":"序言","comet_qe":0.8407458066940308,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is with great good will that I write this short preface to the edition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by Mr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there are two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my friends.","tgt":"我怀着极大的善意为《老派医生》（本书由戈登先生以令人钦佩且深谙其意的风格绘制插图）的版次撰写这篇简短的序言，因为我有两件事想对我的读者，也就是我的朋友，说。","comet_qe":0.812313973903656,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"One, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was there ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as William MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one man, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy","tgt":"其一,是回答一个经常被公正提出的问题:是否曾有过像威廉·麦克卢尔那样忘我且完全基督化的人?对此,我怀着自豪,凭良心回答:并非一人,而是苏格兰和南方地区有许多这样的人。","comet_qe":0.7263849973678589,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"also across the sea.","tgt":"我也敢于跨越海洋预言。","comet_qe":0.3907414972782135,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one of whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each one, might have sat for my hero.","tgt":"有幸认识四位乡村医生的,仅我一人,他们之中没有一个是完美的——韦卢姆(Weelum)也不例外——但每一位都足以成为我笔下英雄的原型。","comet_qe":0.7091234922409058,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Three are now resting from their labors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never identify himself.","tgt":"其中三位如今已安息,而第四位,如果他能看到这些文字,也绝不会承认自己就是原型。","comet_qe":0.6910951137542725,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession for the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.","tgt":"其次，我想感谢我的读者，尤其是医学界，对《德拉姆托奇医生》的接纳。","comet_qe":0.8406320810317993,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose service to the community was known to every countryman, but after the tale had gone forth my heart failed.","tgt":"多年来,我一直渴望向这样一个群体致敬,他们的服务为每个乡邻所熟知,但在故事流传之后,我的心却退缩了。","comet_qe":0.8010925054550171,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For it might have been despised for the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward roughness of the man.","tgt":"因为人们可能会因其文风的微小优雅不足和人物外表的粗犷而轻视它。","comet_qe":0.7491370439529419,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But neither his biographer nor his circumstances have been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts, and received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.","tgt":"然而,无论是他的传记作者还是他的处境,都无法掩盖麦克卢尔的光辉,他自己赢得了所有正直的心,并重新获得了他那些更杰出同行的认可。","comet_qe":0.7680691480636597,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"From all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in commendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had received new courage.","tgt":"来自英语世界各地的信件纷纷寄来,称赞韦卢姆·麦克卢尔,其中许多来自那些重获勇气的医生。","comet_qe":0.8127493262290955,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is surely more honor than a new writer could ever have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose charity puts us all to shame.","tgt":"对于一位新作家而言,获得一个以慈善著称、令我们所有人都感到羞愧的职业的赞许,这无疑是莫大的荣誉。","comet_qe":0.8078493475914001,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"May I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has been touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people, and to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face to face.","tgt":"我能否借此首次机会，表达我对美国人民对这本简单书籍的厚爱所感到的深深触动，并表达我希望能有一天与你们面对面相见的愿望。","comet_qe":0.8170867562294006,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"IAN MACLAREN.","tgt":"伊恩·麦克莱伦。","comet_qe":0.8479529023170471,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.","tgt":"利物浦,1895 年 10 月 4 日。","comet_qe":0.8769111037254333,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A GENERAL PRACTITIONER","tgt":"一位全科医生","comet_qe":0.7940343618392944,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I","tgt":"一","comet_qe":0.7570542693138123,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A GENERAL PRACTITIONER","tgt":"一位全科医生","comet_qe":0.7940343618392944,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Drumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome food and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to an average life-rate.","tgt":"德拉姆托奇(Drumtochty)的人们习惯于违背所有健康法则,除了 wholesome food( wholesome food 指健康食物)和新鲜空气,然而他们却将诗篇作者所说的寿命极限缩短到了平均寿命。","comet_qe":0.6819133758544922,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our men made no difference in their clothes for summer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers condescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position, and without regard to temperature.","tgt":"我们的男人们不分夏冬,衣着毫无区别,只有德拉姆休(Drumsheugh)和几位较大的农场主在安息日为了表示身份而屈尊穿一件大衣,完全不顾气温。","comet_qe":0.7478601932525635,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They wore their blacks at a funeral, refusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased, and standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing across a hundred miles of snow.","tgt":"他们在葬礼上穿着黑衣,拒绝在上面加任何东西,以示对逝者的尊重,当北风从百英里外的雪原吹来时,他们甚至在墓地站得最久。","comet_qe":0.7742844820022583,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If the rain was pouring at the Junction, then Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness till each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the suggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\" a \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below \"weet.\"","tgt":"如果雨在交汇处倾盆而下,那么德拉姆托奇的人们就会凭借天生的倔强多站两分钟,直到每个人的大衣下摆都如瀑布般滴水,并在前往基尔达米(Kildrummie)的半路上,冒险建议说天气“有点湿冷”(\"a bit scrowie\"),\"scrowie\"的程度远不及\"shoor\",而\"shoor\"又远不及\"weet\"(湿透)。","comet_qe":0.6488857269287109,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]","tgt":"[插图：桑迪·斯图尔特“打滑”的石块]","comet_qe":0.5987346768379211,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in the shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then exhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to walk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with sanitary precautions.","tgt":"这种对自然元素的持续 defiance( defiance 指蔑视/对抗)偶尔会招致“咳嗽”(\"hoast\")这样的报应,当房主在回家路上不小心走过溪流时,他的家人们便会劝他“换换脚”,并普遍地用卫生预防措施来烦扰他。","comet_qe":0.5663607120513916,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is right to add that the gudeman treated such advice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of towns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty.","tgt":"必须补充的是,这位“古德曼”(gudeman,意为男主人)对这类建议嗤之以鼻,认为它们只适合城镇的娇气,绝非认真针对德拉姆托奇。","comet_qe":0.7083624601364136,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Sandy Stewart \"napped\" stones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter, till he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he spent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his successor.","tgt":"桑迪·斯图尔特无论冬夏、无论晴雨,都穿着衬衫在路上的石块上干活,直到八十五岁才被说服退休,不再从事体力劳动,此后又花了十年时间后悔自己的草率并批评他的继任者。","comet_qe":0.7938617467880249,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented minds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look after \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight","tgt":"普通的生活节奏是,在空气优良、心境满足的情况下,工作到七十岁,然后继续处理一些杂务直到八十几岁,并在九十岁之前“悄然离去”(\"slip awa\")。","comet_qe":0.6089871525764465,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"of ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting themselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside the opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions with illustrations drawn from the end of last century.","tgt":"九十岁以上的人被认为表现优异,并摆出权威的架势,将七十岁的意见视为不成熟而置之不理,并用上个世纪末的例子来证实自己的结论。","comet_qe":0.8023931384086609,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\" at sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured explanations at the \"beerial.\"","tgt":"当希洛克（Hillocks）的兄弟如此失态，在六十岁时就“悄然离去”时，这位可敬的人感到震惊，并在葬礼上发表了冗长的解释。","comet_qe":0.668209969997406,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us","tgt":"“无论从哪个角度看,这都是件可怕的事,对我们大家来说都是一个沉重的考验。","comet_qe":0.7618714570999146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"a'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no easy accoontin' for't.","tgt":"我们家族以前从未听说过这样的事,这很难解释。","comet_qe":0.5620569586753845,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost himsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor there.","tgt":"“女主人说,自从一个雨夜他在荒原上迷路并睡在灌木丛下之后,他就再也不是原来的样子了;但这无关紧要。","comet_qe":0.5959645509719849,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes grieve aboot England.","tgt":"我想,这两年来他为英格兰的事忧心忡忡,把身体搞垮了。","comet_qe":0.6565842628479004,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the same aifter thae foreign climates.\"","tgt":"那是三十年前的事了,但在那样的异国气候之后,人永远回不到原来的样子。”","comet_qe":0.7642868161201477,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Drumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not satisfied.","tgt":"德拉姆托奇的人们耐心地听着希洛克的道歉，但并不满意。","comet_qe":0.7822921276092529,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"It's clean havers about the muir.","tgt":"“关于荒原的完全是胡扯。","comet_qe":0.45570388436317444,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and never been a hair the waur.","tgt":"天哪,我们都睡过露天,从未因此受损分毫。","comet_qe":0.4214835464954376,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin' yon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed been nippit in the Sooth.\"","tgt":"“我承认英格兰可能造成了这个结果；那样从一个地方到另一个地方四处游荡确实不稳妥，但德拉姆如果在南方被冻伤，从未向我抱怨过。”","comet_qe":0.5056714415550232,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward experiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable failure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of his character.","tgt":"事实上，在德拉姆尝试使用一台挖土豆机却以惨败告终后，教区对他已失去信心，而他过早的离世也证实了我们对他性格的模糊印象。","comet_qe":0.8279650211334229,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form; \"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee flichty.\"","tgt":"“他现在走了，”德拉姆休在舆论形成后总结道，“比德拉姆更坏的人也有，但他确实有点轻浮。”","comet_qe":0.47945114970207214,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was described as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine negligence.","tgt":"当疾病敢于袭击德拉姆托奇人时,它被称为“打击”(\"whup\"),男人们对此表现出一种高傲的漠视。","comet_qe":0.5863023400306702,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when I looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing red.","tgt":"一天下午,希洛克坐在邮局里,我进去取信,他脸的一侧红得发亮。","comet_qe":0.8135261535644531,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\" but he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.","tgt":"他正在谈论芜菁“幼苗”的前景,但顺便解释说他在等待医疗建议。","comet_qe":0.7542034983634949,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma face, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae get a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"","tgt":"“女主人从早到晚都在跟我唠叨我的脸，我简直快聋了，所以我正等着麦克卢尔医生从西边过来拿药瓶；他来了。”","comet_qe":0.4391863942146301,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the result with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.","tgt":"医生骑马赶到，一眼便做出了诊断，并用那种令德拉姆托奇人深爱的清晰口吻陈述了结果。","comet_qe":0.7534512281417847,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the weet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o' the rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye afore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine.","tgt":"“该死的,希洛克,你这张脸像煮熟的甜菜,为什么还在那儿淋雨瞎折腾? 你不知道你得了点丹毒(玫瑰疹),应该待在家里吗?趁大家都还没离开,赶紧回家,让人去拿点药。","comet_qe":0.5376011729240417,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ye donnerd idiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical attendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started, and still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a simple and practical character.","tgt":"你这个蠢货,你想在时间未到之前就学德拉姆的样子吗?”德拉姆托奇的医生继续他的斥责,直到希洛克起身,并继续用简单实用的医疗建议追着他那远去的背影。","comet_qe":0.6348806619644165,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]","tgt":"[插图：“女主人从早到晚都在唠叨”]","comet_qe":0.6770623326301575,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time.","tgt":"“我在看着呢,如果你耽误了时间,我可怜你。","comet_qe":0.5984840989112854,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Keep yir bed the mornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye.","tgt":"明天卧床休息,在我看到你之前,别在田里露面。","comet_qe":0.6965512037277222,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A'll gie ye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae mind anither in the hale pairish.\"","tgt":"我星期一会去叫你——你这个老傻瓜——但整个教区里也没人比我更关心你了。”","comet_qe":0.4519892632961273,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman an awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which meant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering about the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.","tgt":"希洛克的妻子告诉墓地，医生“给了男主人一顿严厉的训斥”，而希洛克“待在家里”，这意味着病人吃了茶点早餐，当时正穿着便装，头裹着格子呢，在农场建筑间闲逛。","comet_qe":0.5852072238922119,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence from a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed neighbouring parishes.","tgt":"对于这样一群健康状况糟糕透顶的人,医生甚至无法赚取最 modest 的(modest 指适度的)收入,因此麦克卢尔兼并了邻近的教区。","comet_qe":0.7103495001792908,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His house--little more than a cottage--stood on the roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this base of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the Grampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep in winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the river--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith sphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.","tgt":"他的房子——不过是一间小农舍——坐落在我们格伦(Glen)顶端的松树林旁的路边,以此为基地,他统治着那条在德拉姆托奇上方打破格兰扁山脉(Grampians)屏障的荒野峡谷——那里冬季积雪深达十二英尺,有时唯一的通道就是河床——以及向西直到邓莱思(Dunleith)势力范围的荒原地区,那里有四位医生和一个水疗中心。","comet_qe":0.7922347784042358,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Drumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which was four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world, which in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way thereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous bogs.","tgt":"德拉姆托奇长八英里,宽四英里,完全在他的掌控之中;此外,还有一个背后未知的峡谷,他在夜间冒着生命危险前往,因为通往那里的路要穿过有大泥坑和危险沼泽的大荒原。","comet_qe":0.808012068271637,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie, the Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the doctor was wanted.","tgt":"他还向东控制着直到穆尔敦(Muirtown)的土地,只要德拉姆托奇的邮差乔吉(Geordie)每天都能走到那里,并传递医生被需要的消息。","comet_qe":0.720361590385437,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He did his best for the need of every man, woman and child in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow and in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without holiday for forty years.","tgt":"年复一年,无论雪天还是热天,无论黑夜还是白天,他不知疲倦,没有假期,为这片狂野、分散的地区里的每一个男人、女人和孩子竭尽全力,长达四十年。","comet_qe":0.8376285433769226,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"One horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see him on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the passing of the two did our hearts good.","tgt":"一匹马无法完成这个人的工作,但我们最喜欢看到他骑着他那匹老白马,它在主人死后的一周也去世了,这两者的离去让我们心中感到欣慰。","comet_qe":0.7804309129714966,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was not that he rode beautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms, stooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in the saddle beyond all necessity.","tgt":"这并不是因为他骑术优美,因为他违背了所有的艺术准则,双臂飞扬,弯腰得仿佛在对杰西(Jess)的耳朵说话,在马鞍上起身也超出了必要。","comet_qe":0.7876682281494141,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But he could rise faster, stay longer in the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever met, and it was all for mercy's sake.","tgt":"但他能骑得更快,在马鞍上停留更久,膝盖的抓握力也比我所遇到的任何人都强,这一切都是为了慈悲。","comet_qe":0.8026543259620667,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When the reapers in harvest time saw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot of Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the rattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the sheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen, they knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished him God speed.","tgt":"当收割工在收获季节看到一个人影在尘土中旋转而过,或者格伦·乌尔塔奇(Glen Urtach)底部的家人在冬夜围坐在火堆旁,听到马蹄声在路上的哒哒声,或者牧羊人赶着羊群,看到雪地上有一个黑点向峡谷上方移动,他们就知道那是医生,并且在不自觉中祝他一路顺风。","comet_qe":0.7563533782958984,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[插图]","comet_qe":0.8503082990646362,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Before and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines the doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him.","tgt":"马鞍前后都绑着医生可能需要的器械和药品,因为他永远不知道前方等待的是什么。","comet_qe":0.8223296403884888,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There were no specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best he could, and as quickly.","tgt":"德拉姆托奇没有专科医生,所以这个人必须尽最大努力、以最快速度做所有事情。","comet_qe":0.8533446788787842,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He was chest doctor and doctor for every other organ as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist; he was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.","tgt":"他是胸科医生,也是其他所有器官的医生;他是产科医生和外科医生;他是眼科医生和耳鼻喉科医生;他是牙医和氯仿师,此外还是药剂师和化学师。","comet_qe":0.8227857947349548,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the threshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change horses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung himself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.","tgt":"人们常讲述这样一个故事:当打谷场的工人抓住年轻的伯恩布雷(Burnbrae)时,麦克卢尔医生远在格伦·乌尔塔奇,他只在自家换马,然后一路策马狂奔到伯恩布雷,跳下马,切断了那只手臂,救了那个男孩的命。","comet_qe":0.7360139489173889,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar, who had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying as white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an' Burnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the mither greetin' in the corner.","tgt":"“你会觉得每一分钟都像一小时，”在打谷场干活的杰米·索塔（Jamie Soutar）说，“我永远忘不了那个可怜的孩子像死一样苍白地躺在阁楼的地板上，头枕着一捆麦秸，伯恩布雷紧紧按住绷带，一直祈祷，而母亲在角落里哭泣。","comet_qe":0.6936143636703491,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's feet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.","tgt":"“‘他怎么还不来？’她喊道，我在霜冻的空气中听到了马蹄声，离这里有一英里远。","comet_qe":0.7242159843444824,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder as the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his horse's mooth.","tgt":"“‘赞美主！’伯恩布雷说，当医生飞奔进狭窄的通道，马嘴喷着泡沫时，我们都顺着梯子滑了下去。","comet_qe":0.5446314811706543,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed him on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he did it weel.","tgt":"“‘他在哪儿?’这是他脱口而出的话,五分钟内,他把他放在喂料板上,开始工作——真是了不起的工作,邻居们——但他做得很好。","comet_qe":0.440503865480423,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent aff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.","tgt":"还有一件事让我觉得他非常体贴:他首先打发那个男孩的母亲去准备床铺。","comet_qe":0.6327568292617798,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he carried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him in his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he: 'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna tasted meat for saxteen hoors.'","tgt":"“‘现在这件事完成了，他的身体会完成其余的部分，’他像抱孩子一样把男孩抱下梯子，把他放在床上，守在他身边直到他睡着，然后他说：‘伯恩布雷，你那个好男孩永远不要说“科利，你会舔吗？”因为我们十六个小时没吃肉了。’","comet_qe":0.5535590052604675,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the verra look o' him wes victory.\"","tgt":"“邻居们，那天看到他走进院子真是了不起；他给人的感觉就是胜利。”","comet_qe":0.6201040148735046,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]","tgt":"[插图：“他给人的感觉就是胜利”]","comet_qe":0.6339395046234131,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Jamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and he expressed the feeling of Drumtochty.","tgt":"杰米的愤世嫉俗在这段回忆的热情中烟消云散,他表达了德拉姆托奇人的感受。","comet_qe":0.7459274530410767,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"No one sent for MacLure save in great straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts.","tgt":"除非万不得已,否则没人会叫麦克卢尔,而看到他的出现就能让绝望的心重获勇气。","comet_qe":0.7006990313529968,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But this was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good","tgt":"但这并非源于他的外表,也不是因为良好的 bedside manner(bedside manner 指对待病人的态度)。","comet_qe":0.645054817199707,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"bedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of superfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by constant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey, honest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist bones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations across two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.","tgt":"他是一个高大、瘦削、松散身材的男人,身上没有多余的脂肪,脸因长期暴露在天气下而呈深砖红色,红发和胡须已转灰,那双诚实的蓝眼睛直视着你,巨大的手腕骨像火腿的腿骨,声音能跨越两块田地送出问候,他给人的印象更像是荒原而不是客厅。","comet_qe":0.7188501954078674,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's, and what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's wife was weeping by her man's bedside.","tgt":"但在手术中,他的手是多么灵巧,细腻得如同女人的手;在牧羊人妻子在丈夫床边哭泣的简陋房间里,他的声音是多么亲切。","comet_qe":0.8095842599868774,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to begin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his work, and endeared him to the Glen.","tgt":"起初他“长得并不讨喜”(\"ill pitten the gither\"),但他许多身体上的缺陷是他工作的代价,也使他深受格伦的喜爱。","comet_qe":0.5982673168182373,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That ugly scar that cut into his right eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night Jess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.","tgt":"那道割进他右眉、使他表情显得阴险的丑陋伤疤,是杰西在冰上滑倒,将他摔得失去知觉,离家八英里远的那个夜晚留下的。","comet_qe":0.7955122590065002,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed the road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift.","tgt":"他的跛足标志着五十年代那场大暴风雪,当时他的马在格伦·乌尔塔奇迷了路,他们一起滚进了雪堆。","comet_qe":0.7642122507095337,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"MacLure escaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never walked like other men again.","tgt":"麦克卢尔侥幸逃脱,但摔断了腿,三根肋骨骨折,从此再也不能像其他人那样走路。","comet_qe":0.8508119583129883,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He could not swing himself into the saddle without making two attempts and holding Jess's mane.","tgt":"他无法把自己 swing(swing 指摆动)进马鞍,除非尝试两次并抓住杰西的鬃毛。","comet_qe":0.6949412822723389,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Neither can you \"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters without a touch of rheumatism.","tgt":"你也不能在四十个冬天的泥炭沼泽和雪堆中“搏斗”(\"warstle\")而不染上风湿病。","comet_qe":0.6653127670288086,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But they were honorable scars, and for such risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.","tgt":"但这些都是光荣的伤疤,为了这样的生命风险,男人们在别的领域可以获得维多利亚十字勋章。","comet_qe":0.7929542064666748,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN OTHER FIELDS\"]","tgt":"[插图：“为了这样的生命风险，男人们在别的领域获得维多利亚十字勋章”]","comet_qe":0.7807749509811401,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"MacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew that none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly, twisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face soften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.","tgt":"麦克卢尔得到的只是格伦的秘密 affection（affection 指爱戴），格伦知道，从未有人为他做过十分之一的贡献，这个笨拙、扭曲、饱经风霜的身影，我曾见过德拉姆托奇人的脸在看到麦克卢尔一瘸一拐走向他的马时变得柔和。","comet_qe":0.6429678201675415,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Mr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising the doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with amazement.","tgt":"霍普斯先生(Mr. Hopps)因批评医生的衣着而永远失去了格伦的 goodwill(goodwill 指善意),事实上,这会让任何城镇人感到震惊。","comet_qe":0.5994897484779358,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if possible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never.","tgt":"他一年只穿一次黑色衣服,在圣餐主日,如果可能的话,在葬礼上;从不穿大衣或雨衣。","comet_qe":0.8037769794464111,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His jacket and waistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the wet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan trousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots.","tgt":"他的夹克和背心是格伦·乌尔塔奇羊毛制成的粗糙粗呢,像鸭背一样防水,下面穿着牧羊人的格子呢裤子,消失在未抛光的骑马靴中。","comet_qe":0.7385621666908264,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His shirt was grey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a tie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft felt of four colors and seven different shapes.","tgt":"他的衬衫是灰色法兰绒,对衣领模棱两可,但对领带却非常确定——虽然他从不系领带,用胡须代替——他的帽子是四种颜色、七种不同形状的软毡帽。","comet_qe":0.7972620725631714,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His point of distinction in dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending speculation.","tgt":"他衣着上的显著特点是裤子,这也是人们无尽猜测的主题。","comet_qe":0.7714883089065552,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year, an' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor palin', and the mend's still veesible.","tgt":"“有人说他穿了这双一模一样的裤子整整二十年，我记得有一次他穿过我们的栅栏时，后面被划破了一道口子，补钉至今可见。","comet_qe":0.49926331639289856,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in Muirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till the new look wears aff.","tgt":"“其他人声称他有一块布料，每两年可能在穆尔敦做一条新裤子，然后把它藏在花园里，直到新的看起来旧了再穿。","comet_qe":0.5720506310462952,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind, but there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot them: it wud be a shock tae confidence.","tgt":"“就我个人而言,”索塔常说,“我无法下定决心,但有一件事是确定的,格伦不会喜欢看到他没穿裤子:那会打击信心。","comet_qe":0.68156898021698,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There's no muckle o' the check left, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye ken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"","tgt":"格子图案已经所剩无几,但你总能认出来,当你看到这条裤子出现时,你就知道,如果人力能救你孩子的命,那就一定能做到。”","comet_qe":0.3731153607368469,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and rested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly on his hereditary connection.","tgt":"格伦——以及附属地区——的信心是无限的，部分源于对医生资源的长期经验，部分源于他的世袭联系。","comet_qe":0.783806562423706,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween them they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure disna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"","tgt":"“他的父亲在他之前就在这里了，”麦克法登夫人（Mrs. Macfadyen）常解释道，“他们俩统治着这片乡村将近一个世纪；如果麦克卢尔不懂我们的体质，谁懂呢？我想问问？”","comet_qe":0.6440374255180359,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as became a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the hills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its doctors.","tgt":"因为德拉姆托奇有自己的体质和一种特殊的喉病，这正符合一个完全自给自足、被森林和山丘包围、既不依赖低地也不依赖低地医生和疾病的教区。","comet_qe":0.7387341856956482,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden, whose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an' a kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he disna tribble the Kirk often.","tgt":"“麦克卢尔医生是个聪明人，”我的朋友麦克法登夫人继续说道，她对布道或其他事物的判断很少出错，“而且心地善良，当然，他也有像我们大家一样的缺点，而且他不常去教堂。","comet_qe":0.7447695136070251,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye richt, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the ootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say there's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.","tgt":"“他总能知道哪里出了问题，大多数时候他能把你治好，而且他没有什么新奇的疗法：外用膏药，内服泻盐，这就够了，据说山上没有他不认识的草药。","comet_qe":0.5540735125541687,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\" concluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this for the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a","tgt":"“如果我们注定要死，那就死吧；如果我们注定要活，那就活吧，”埃尔西丝（Elspeth）用坚定的加尔文主义逻辑总结道，“但我必须说，无论你是生是死，他总能保持皮肤上的水分。”","comet_qe":0.4616537392139435,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"sharp meisture on the skin.\" \"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\" and Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures of which Hillocks held the copyright.","tgt":"“但如果你带他来看病，而实际上没什么毛病，他就不会太客气，”麦克法登夫人的脸上反映了霍普斯先生的另一场不幸，希洛克拥有其版权。","comet_qe":0.4671439826488495,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a' nicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he writes 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.","tgt":"“霍普斯的儿子吃了太多醋栗（grosarts），他们不得不整夜守着他，除了医生，什么也做不了，他在纸条上写了‘立即’。","comet_qe":0.5692529082298279,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy, and he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.","tgt":"“好吧，麦克卢尔整晚都在邓莱思照顾一位牧羊人的妻子，他连缰绳都没拉就来了，泥巴一直溅到膝盖。","comet_qe":0.5699729323387146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?' and when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and tire.","tgt":"“‘希洛克，你让我来这里干什么？’他喊道，‘这不是意外，对吧？’当他下马时，由于僵硬和疲劳，几乎站不住。","comet_qe":0.6702824831008911,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower mony berries.'","tgt":"“‘我们都没事，医生，是霍普斯的儿子；他吃了太多浆果。’","comet_qe":0.591220498085022,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]","tgt":"[插图：“霍普斯的儿子吃了醋栗”]","comet_qe":0.6556695699691772,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.","tgt":"“如果他不像老虎一样冲我发火就好了。","comet_qe":0.8364684581756592,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\" ye mean tae say----'","tgt":"“ 你的意思是说……\"","comet_qe":0.7949496507644653,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.","tgt":"“嘘，嘘，”我试图让他安静，因为霍普斯要出来了。","comet_qe":0.771108865737915,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last; there's no hurry with you Scotchmen.","tgt":"“好吧,医生,”他像喜鹊一样轻快地开始说,“你终于来了;你们苏格兰人总是这么慢。","comet_qe":0.6515867710113525,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My boy has been sick all night, and I've never had one wink of sleep.","tgt":"我儿子整晚都病了,我连一秒钟的觉都没睡。","comet_qe":0.8552442193031311,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"You might have come a little quicker, that's all I've got to say.'","tgt":"你本可以来得快一点,这就是我要说的全部。”","comet_qe":0.8353080749511719,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a sair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.","tgt":"“我们在德拉姆托奇有更重要的事要做，不能照顾每一个肚子疼的孩子，”我看到麦克卢尔被激怒了。","comet_qe":0.5261685848236084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak.","tgt":"“听到你说话我很惊讶。","comet_qe":0.86603182554245,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our doctor at home always says to Mrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me though it be only a headache.\"'","tgt":"我们家里的医生总是对霍普斯太太说:‘霍普斯太太,把我当作家庭朋友,哪怕只是头痛也要叫我。’","comet_qe":0.7538425922393799,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae look aifter.","tgt":"“如果他只有二十四英里路要走,他会更节省他的提议。","comet_qe":0.47360068559646606,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed.","tgt":"你儿子除了贪吃没什么毛病。","comet_qe":0.5676767826080322,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Gie him a gude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a' richt the morn.'","tgt":"给他一大剂蓖麻油,停食一天,明天他就会好起来。”","comet_qe":0.7361342906951904,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor.","tgt":"“他不会吃蓖麻油的,医生。","comet_qe":0.8641785383224487,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We have given up those barbarous medicines.'","tgt":"我们已经放弃了那些野蛮的药物。”","comet_qe":0.8144897222518921,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'","tgt":"“你们南方现在用什么药？”","comet_qe":0.4687776565551758,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little chest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.","tgt":"“嗯，你看，麦克卢尔医生，我们是顺势疗法者，我这里有我的小箱子，”霍普斯说着拿出了他的盒子。","comet_qe":0.686057448387146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and he reads the names wi' a lauch every time.","tgt":"“让我看看，”麦克卢尔坐下，拿出小瓶子，每次读名字时都带着笑声。","comet_qe":0.602694571018219,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like?","tgt":"“颠茄;你听说过这种事吗?","comet_qe":0.6329336166381836,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Aconite; it cowes a'.","tgt":"乌头;它吓坏了所有人。番木鳖碱。","comet_qe":0.37709134817123413,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Nux Vomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine ploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him ony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.","tgt":"接下来是什么?好吧,我的伙计,”他对霍普斯说,“这是个不错的把戏,你最好继续用番木鳖碱,直到用完,再给他吃任何他喜欢的糖果。","comet_qe":0.6122705936431885,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's doon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht.","tgt":"“现在,希洛克,我必须走了,去看看德拉姆休的哀悼者,他得了热病,这将是一场艰苦的战斗。","comet_qe":0.5982203483581543,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A' hinna time tae wait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill tak a pail o' meal an' water.","tgt":"我没时间等晚饭;给我一些奶酪和蛋糕拿在手里,杰西会带一桶面粉和水。","comet_qe":0.706749439239502,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a doctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an' he was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"","tgt":"“费用；我不需要你的费用，伙计；有了那个盒子，你不需要医生；不，不，把你的钱给某个穷人吧，霍普斯先生，”他尽可能快地沿着路走了。","comet_qe":0.5797256231307983,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he collected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.","tgt":"他的费用大致由人们愿意给多少决定，他每年在基尔达米集市上收取一次。","comet_qe":0.7398040294647217,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need three notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"","tgt":"“好吧，医生，我欠你多少钱，为了妻子和孩子？你需要三张票据，因为你那晚住在家里，还有所有的探访。”","comet_qe":0.45350584387779236,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's thirty shillings.\"","tgt":"“胡扯，”麦克卢尔会回答，“听说物价很低；给我三十先令吧。”","comet_qe":0.6060507297515869,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for two pounds.","tgt":"“不,我不给,否则妻子会扯掉我的耳朵,”最后定为两英镑。","comet_qe":0.7692883014678955,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one way or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150. a year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a boy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books, which he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment. There was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and that was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above","tgt":"基尔辛迪勋爵(Lord Kilspindie)给了他一所免费的房子和田地,德拉姆休告诉我,医生一年大约能收入 150 英镑,从中他必须支付老女佣和男孩的工资,饲养两匹马,此外还有器械和书籍的费用,他通过爱丁堡的一位朋友以极大的判断力购买。","comet_qe":0.6155725717544556,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"both churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen supposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He offered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon MacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and social standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive","tgt":"只有一个人曾抱怨医生的收费,那就是米尔顿(Milton)的新农场主,他太好了,好到超越了教会,并在谷仓里开会。(起初格伦以为米尔顿是摩门教徒,但我现在不能详述此事。)他出价比医生要求的少一英镑,外加两本小册子,对此,麦克卢尔从神学和社会角度对米尔顿表达了如此有力和坦率的看法,以至于在场的德拉姆托奇人几乎无法控制自己。","comet_qe":0.5165963172912598,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"audience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar was selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened to condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's language.","tgt":"杰米·索塔当时正在卖猪,错过了会议,但他急忙去安慰米尔顿,米尔顿到处抱怨医生的言辞。","comet_qe":0.619451642036438,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[插图]","comet_qe":0.8503082990646362,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a stand; he fair hands them in bondage.","tgt":"“你抵抗他是对的；这可能会激起格伦的斗志，让他站出来；他简直把人们置于奴役之中。","comet_qe":0.5607407689094543,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile awa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.","tgt":"“十二次探访收三十先令，而他离这里不过七英里，而且我听说晚上只有四次。","comet_qe":0.43368828296661377,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'","tgt":"“你会得到格伦的同情，因为大家都知道你和你的小册子一样慷慨。","comet_qe":0.4357242286205292,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"yir siller as yir tracts.","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him?","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"Man, ye choose it weel,","tgt":"“你给他的是‘谨防善行’吗？伙计，你选得好，因为他四十年来一直在收集，我担心他。","comet_qe":0.2531972825527191,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"for he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan, an' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld","tgt":"“我常常想，我们的医生不过是那个好撒玛利亚人，而法利赛人对他在这个世界或来世的希望也不抱太大期望。”","comet_qe":0.6171392798423767,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"or that which is tae come.\"","tgt":"***","comet_qe":0.21581563353538513,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"End of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren ***","tgt":"古腾堡项目《老派医生》第一部分，作者：伊恩·麦克莱伦，结束。","comet_qe":0.794357419013977,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false}],"segale_error":null,"_ng_task_index":598,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}} +{"responses_create_params":{"background":null,"include":null,"input":[{"content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Spanish.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Spanish.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** \n","role":"user","type":"message"}],"instructions":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"metadata":null,"model":null,"parallel_tool_calls":true,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"reasoning":null,"service_tier":null,"store":null,"temperature":0.0,"text":null,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_logprobs":null,"top_p":null,"truncation":null,"user":null,"stream":null},"response":{"id":"resp_c55b3039a78b4fa384f49aadd54e0884","created_at":1780006150.0,"error":null,"incomplete_details":null,"instructions":null,"metadata":null,"model":"Qwen3.5-35B-A3B","object":"response","output":[{"id":"msg_a822edaf97624cbfb7daa34de7de62f1","content":[{"annotations":[],"text":"Producido por David E. Brown y el Equipo de Prueba Distribuido en Línea en http://www.pgdp.net (Este archivo fue producido a partir de imágenes generosamente puestas a disposición por la Biblioteca del Congreso)\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN\n\nCómo Bailar y Cómo Enseñar el Nuevo Favorito Social Popular\n\n_Por_\nALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\nMaestro de Danza\n\n_Translator y Editor de\nLa Gramática del Arte de la Danza de Zorn_\n\nBoston, Mass.\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN\nNueva York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\nDerechos de autor, 1913, por\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN\nPara todos los países\n\nB. M. Co. 3366\n\nTabla de Contenidos\n\nPágina\n\nPRÓLOGO 1\n\nEL BOSTÓN\n LAS POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES 5\n LA POSICIÓN DE LOS PAREJAS 8\n EL PASO DEL BOSTÓN 12\n EL BOSTÓN LARGO 22\n EL BOSTÓN CORTO 23\n EL BOSTÓN ABIERTO 24\n LA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN 25\n\nEL TURKEY TROT 27\n\nEL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN 28\n\nEL TANGO 29\n\nEL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN\n\nPRÓLOGO\n\nDesde la introducción del vals, hace más de cien años, ha ocupado el primer lugar en la estima de los bailarines de todo el mundo civilizado. Sin embargo, ha aparecido un nuevo pretendiente para ese lugar, uno que posee todas las cualidades que hacen de un baile un favorito social, y tiene las ventajas adicionales de una mayor facilidad de ejecución y una mayor posibilidad de adaptación.\n\nEste es el BOSTÓN, no, como muchas personas suponen, una creación nueva, ni de hecho es una novedad incluso para el público americano, ya que fue introducido aquí hace más de una generación; pero la gran popularidad del Dos-Pasos, que acababa de entrar en boga y estaba ganando favor rápidamente bajo la influencia de composiciones brillantes como las marchas de paso rápido de Sousa, operó en contra de su aceptación inmediata.\n\nUna de las razones por las que el Bostón debería resultar hoy un baile más atractivo que cualquier otro, es el hecho de que ahora hay más melodías cautivadoras escritas para esta forma particular de baile que para cualquier otra, y ya que el Dos-Pasos, en su momento, encontró su aliado más poderoso en la música a la que se adaptó, el Bostón tiene hoy la persuasiva intercesión de melodías tan lánguidas y cautivadoras como \"El Despertar del Amor\" y \"Sobre las Alas del Sueño\", de Danglas; \"Thrill\" de Sinibaldi, y otros.\n\nEl gusto general ha descubierto gradualmente el encanto superior del Bostón; el péndulo del favor público ha vuelto a oscilar en la dirección de la danza hábil.\n\nEl reciente renacimiento del Vals en su forma adecuada ha traído consigo una mayor apreciación de los bailes sociales más dignos y graciosos, y el mundo entero ahora reconoce la maravillosa belleza del Bostón y lo ha acogido como un verdadero competidor.\n\nEl Bostón no es un Vals, sin embargo, es su perfección. Es una de esas cosas paradójicas que, aunque es imposible clasificarlo, contiene todo lo que se encuentra en casi cualquier otro baile. Incluso las personas que han aferrado tan larga y lealmente a otras formas de danza, y no han disminuido en absoluto su celo por sus favoritos, han sido inconscientemente, y quizás sin querer, encantadas por la seducción del Bostón, hasta el punto de que ahora declaran libremente que el nuevo baile es superior al Vals. Por lo tanto, es seguro decir que el Bostón, eventualmente, reemplazará al Vals por completo.\n\nExigimos un baile que combine la facilidad de ejecución con un movimiento atractivo. Eso es exactamente lo que hace el Bostón, y quizás más. Es tan simple en su construcción que, una vez adquirido, se vuelve natural, y su perfecta adaptabilidad le asegura una popularidad duradera.\n\nDebido a la solicitud urgente de muchos de sus alumnos y colegas, el autor ha emprendido este pequeño libro con la esperanza de que satisfaga los requisitos tanto de los profesores como de los estudiantes, y ayude a asegurar la debida apreciación de lo que es en realidad el baile social más delicioso y artístico desde el Minué.\n\nLAS CINCO POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES\n\nPara que el lector pueda comprender más fácilmente las descripciones dadas en este libro, explicaremos las cinco posiciones fundamentales sobre las que descansa el arte de la danza.\n\nEn la 1ª posición, los pies están juntos, talón contra talón.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 2ª posición, los talones están separados lateralmente y en la misma línea.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 3ª posición, el talón de un pie toca el centro del otro.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 4ª posición, los pies están separados como al caminar, ya sea directamente hacia adelante o directamente hacia atrás.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 5ª posición, el talón de un pie toca la punta del otro.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn todas estas posiciones, los pies deben estar girados hacia afuera para formar no menos de un ángulo recto.\n\nLAS POSICIONES DE LOS PAREJAS\n\nMucho, si no todo, de la crítica adversa del Bostón que ha sido ofrecida por educadores, padres y otros objetores responsables, se ha dirigido a las posiciones relativas de los parejas. Esto, de hecho, no es más que la regla general con respecto a la Danza Redonda Social, con la posible excepción de que las posiciones han sido a veces distorsionadas por intentos de copiar las formas más libres de danza que se han presentado en el escenario.\n\nLa Danza Redonda exige que se mantenga un cierto agrupamiento fijo de los parejas para que pueda lograrse la rotación alrededor de un centro móvil común, y es aquí donde se encuentra el problema más serio.\n\nLa profesión de la danza hace mucho tiempo se encargó de establecer agrupamientos arbitrarios satisfactorios para las necesidades de los bailarines, y que se ajusten a todos los requisitos de la decencia y el ejercicio higiénico.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nActuando sobre esta base, los profesores de danza reputados de todo el mundo han adoptado y promulgado tres agrupamientos fundamentales para la Danza Redonda que están construidos de tal manera que proporcionan la mayor facilidad de ejecución y libertad de acción. Se conocen como la Posición de Vals, la Posición Abierta y la Posición Lateral del Vals. Todas las danzas redondas se ejecutan en uno u otro de estos agrupamientos, que no solo son aceptados por todos los buenos profesores, sino que, con la excepción de ciertas variaciones menores e irrelevantes, se adhieren rígidamente en todo su trabajo.\n\nEn la Posición de Vals, los parejas se enfrentan uno al otro, con los hombros paralelos, y mirando por encima del hombro derecho del otro. Se debe prestar especial atención a la posición paralela de los hombros, para ajustar los movimientos individuales de los parejas a lo largo de la línea de dirección.\n\nEl caballero coloca su mano derecha ligeramente sobre la espalda de la dama, en un punto aproximadamente a mitad de camino, entre la línea de la cintura y las escápulas. Los dedos están tan redondeados que permiten la libre circulación del aire entre la palma de la mano y la espalda de la dama, y no deben estar extendidos.\n\nLa dama coloca su mano izquierda ligeramente sobre el brazo del caballero, permitiendo que su antebrazo repose suavemente sobre su brazo. Los parejas se mantienen a una distancia cómoda el uno del otro, inclinándose ligeramente hacia el centro común. Las manos libres se unen ligeramente a los lados. Esto es meramente para proporcionar ocupación a los brazos desocupados, y el caballero sostiene la punta de la mano de la dama ligeramente en los dedos doblados de la suya. La guía se realiza por el caballero mediante un ligero levantamiento de su codo derecho.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nLA POSICIÓN ABIERTA\n\nLa Posición Abierta no necesita explicación y puede entenderse fácilmente a partir de la ilustración que enfrenta la página 8.\n\nLA POSICIÓN LATERAL DEL VALS\n\nLa posición lateral del Vals difiere de la Posición de Vals solo en el hecho de que los parejas se mantienen lado a lado y con los brazos unidos más ampliamente extendidos. Los brazos libres se mantienen como en la portada. En la rotación real, esta posición naturalmente se resuelve en la Posición de Vals regular.\n\nEL PASO DEL BOSTÓN\n\nEl paso preparatorio del Bostón difiere materialmente de cualquier otro Baile Social. Hay _una sola posición_ de los pies en el Bostón: la 4ª. Es decir, los pies están separados uno del otro como al caminar.\n\nEn el primer tiempo de la medida, toda la pierna se balancea libremente, y como una unidad, desde la cadera, y el pie se coloca prácticamente plano sobre el suelo, donde inmediatamente recibe todo el peso del cuerpo _perpendicularmente_. El peso se mantiene enteramente sobre este pie durante el resto de la medida, ya sea en tiempo de 3/4 o 2/4.\n\nLos siguientes ejercicios preparatorios deben practicarse hacia adelante y hacia atrás hasta que los movimientos se vuelvan naturales, antes de proceder.\n\nAl ir hacia atrás, el pie debe llevarse hacia atrás tanto como sea posible, y el peso debe estar siempre perpendicular al pie de apoyo.\n\nEstos movimientos son idénticos a caminar, y excepto el cuidado particular que debe dedicarse a la colocación del pie en el primer tiempo de la medida, no requieren un grado especial de atención.\n\nEn el segundo tiempo, la pierna libre se balancea hacia adelante hasta que la rodilla se haya enderezado completamente, y se mantiene, suspendida, durante el tercer tiempo de la medida. Esto debe practicarse, primero con el peso descansando sobre toda la planta del pie de apoyo, y luego, cuando esto se haya logrado perfectamente, el mismo ejercicio puede complementarse levantando el talón (del pie de apoyo) en el segundo tiempo y bajándolo en el tercer tiempo. _Se debe tener mucho cuidado de no dividir el peso._\n\nCon fines de instrucción, es bueno practicar estos pasos con música de Mazurka, debido a la claridad del tiempo.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nCuando los ejercicios anteriores se hayan dominado tan completamente que se conviertan, en cierto sentido, en hábitos musculares, podemos, con seguridad, agregar la siguiente característica. Esto consiste en tocar el suelo con la punta del pie libre, en un punto tan adelante o atrás como se pueda hacer sin dividir el peso, en el segundo tiempo de la medida. Así, hemos logrado, por así decirlo, un paso interrumpido, o al menos, un paso detenido, y esta es la verdadera esencia del Bostón.\n\nNo se puede gastar demasiado cuidado en esta fase del paso, y debe practicarse una y otra vez, tanto hacia adelante como hacia atrás, hasta que el movimiento se convierta en una segunda naturaleza. Todo esto debe preceder a cualquier intento de girar.\n\nEl giro del Bostón es una simplicidad en sí mismo, pero es, sin embargo, el punto en la instrucción que más molesta a los aprendices. El giro se ejecuta sobre la bola del _pie de apoyo_, y consiste en girar medio giro sin levantar ningún pie del suelo. En esto, el peso se mantiene enteramente sobre el pie de apoyo, y no hay cruce.\n\nAl llevar el pie hacia adelante para el segundo movimiento, las rodillas deben pasar cerca una de la otra, y se debe tener cuidado de que _todo el medio giro ocurra en el último tiempo de la medida_.\n\nPara resumir:\n\nComenzando con el peso sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso hacia adelante, colocando todo el peso sobre el pie derecho, como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 14 (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda rápidamente hacia adelante, enderezando la rodilla izquierda y levantando el talón derecho, y tocar el suelo con el pie izquierdo extendido como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 16, pero sin colocar ningún peso sobre ese pie (tiempo 2); ejecutar un medio giro a la izquierda, hacia atrás, sobre la bola del pie de apoyo (derecho), al mismo tiempo bajando el talón derecho, y terminar como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 18 (tiempo 3). Una medida.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nComenzando de nuevo, esta vez con el peso totalmente sobre el pie derecho, y con la pierna izquierda extendida hacia atrás, y la punta del pie izquierdo tocando ligeramente el suelo, dar un paso hacia atrás, arrojando el peso enteramente sobre el pie izquierdo que se hunde en una posición plana sobre el suelo, como se muestra en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 21, (tiempo 4); llevar el pie derecho rápidamente hacia atrás, y tocar con la punta lo más atrás posible sobre la línea de dirección sin dividir el peso, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón izquierdo como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 22, (tiempo 5); y completar la rotación ejecutando un medio giro a la derecha, hacia adelante, sobre la bola del pie izquierdo, bajando simultáneamente el talón izquierdo, y terminando como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 24, (tiempo 6).\n\nEL REVERSO\n\nEl reverso del paso debe adquirirse al mismo tiempo que la rotación a la derecha, y por lo tanto, es de gran importancia alternar desde la rotación derecha a la izquierda desde el principio del ejercicio de giro. El reverso en sí, es decir, el acto de alternar, se efectúa en una sola medida sin girar (ver ejercicio preparatorio, página 13), que puede tomarse hacia atrás por el caballero y hacia adelante por la dama, siempre que hayan completado un giro completo.\n\nEl mecanismo del giro inverso es exactamente el mismo que el del giro a la derecha, excepto que se realiza con el otro pie, y en la dirección opuesta.\n\nNo hay mejor o más eficaz ejercicio para perfeccionar el Bostón, que el que está compuesto por un giro completo a la derecha, una medida para revertir, y un giro completo a la izquierda. Esto debe practicarse hasta que uno haya dominado completamente el movimiento y el ritmo del baile. El autor ha utilizado este ejercicio en todo su trabajo, y lo encuentra no solo útil e interesante para el alumno, sino de especial ventaja para evitar la posibilidad de mareos, y la consiguiente incomodidad y pérdida de tiempo.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nDespués de adquirir un grado de facilidad en la ejecución de estos movimientos con música de Mazurka, es aconsejable variar el ritmo mediante la introducción de música de Vals española u otra claramente acentuada, antes de usar las composiciones más líquidas de Strauss o de tales valses de canciones modernas como los de Danglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nUna de las características notables del Bostón es que el peso siempre está opuesto a la línea de dirección; es decir, al ir hacia adelante, el peso se retiene sobre el pie trasero, y al ir hacia atrás, el peso siempre está sobre el pie delantero (la dirección siempre irradia desde el bailarín). Así, al proceder alrededor de la habitación, el peso debe mantenerse siempre hacia atrás, en lugar de inclinarse ligeramente hacia adelante como en las otras danzas redondas. Esta aparente contradicción de fuerzas le da al Bostón un encanto único que no se encuentra en ningún otro baile.\n\nA medida que el bailarín se familiariza más con el Bostón, el movimiento se vuelve tan natural que se necesita poco o ningún pensamiento en la técnica, para desarrollar la gracia peculiar de este.\n\nEl hecho de que sea un baile totalmente en una sola posición requiere mayor habilidad en la ejecución del Bostón, de lo que sería el caso si hubiera otros cambios y contrastes posibles, al igual que es más difícil tocar una melodía en un violín de solo una cuerda.\n\nEl Bostón, en su forma completada, se resuelve en una especie de movimiento de caminar, tan natural y fácil que puede disfrutarse durante toda una noche sin más fatiga que la que resultaría de una sola hora de Vals y Dos-Pasos.\n\nAparte del atractivo del Bostón como baile social, sus beneficios físicos son más positivos que los de cualquier otra Danza Redonda que hayamos tenido. La acción está tan ajustada para proporcionar el máximo de ejercicio muscular y el mínimo de esfuerzo físico. Esto tiende hacia la conservación de la energía, y produce y mantiene, al mismo tiempo, una uniformidad de la presión arterial y la circulación. Los movimientos también requieren un ejercicio constante de los tobillos y los empeines que es muy fortalecedor para esas partes, y no puede dejar de elevar y sostener el arco del pie.\n\nTomado desde cualquier punto de vista, el Bostón es una de las formas más dignas del baile social jamás ideadas, y las distorsiones de posición que ahora se practican ocasionalmente deben ceder pronto a la genuina influencia refinadora de la acción.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nDe las varias formas del Bostón, hay poco que decir más allá de la descripción de la manera de su ejecución, que se tratará en las siguientes páginas.\n\nSe espera que este libro ayude hacia una comprensión más completa de las bellezas y atractivos del Bostón, y promueva la debida apreciación de él.\n\n_Todas las descripciones de bailes dadas en este libro se refieren a la parte de la dama. La del caballero es exactamente la misma, pero en el movimiento contrario._\n\nEL BOSTÓN LARGO\n\nLa forma ordinaria del Bostón descrita en las páginas anteriores es comúnmente conocida como el \"Bostón\" Largo para distinguirlo de otras formas y variaciones. Se baila en tiempo de 3/4, ya sea Vals o Mazurka, y a cualquier tempo deseado. Ya que esta es la forma fundamental del Bostón, debe adquirirse completamente antes de emprender cualquier otra.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL BOSTÓN CORTO\n\nEl \"Bostón\" Corto difiere del \"Bostón\" Largo solo en la medida. Se baila en tiempo de 2/4 o 6/8, y el primer movimiento (en tiempo de 2/4) ocupa la duración de una negra. El segundo y tercer movimientos ocupan cada uno la duración de una corchea. Así, existe entre el \"Bostón\" Largo y el \"Bostón\" Corto la misma diferencia que entre el Vals y el Galop. En las formas más rápidas del \"Bostón\" Corto, el levantamiento y el hundimiento en el segundo y tercer movimientos naturalmente toman la forma de un salto o un brinco. El baile es más agradable y menos fatigante en tempo moderado.\n\nEL BOSTÓN ABIERTO\n\nEl \"Bostón\" Abierto contiene dos partes de ocho medidas cada una. La primera parte se baila en las posiciones mostradas en las ilustraciones que enfrentan las páginas 8 y 10, y la segunda parte consiste en 8 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo.\n\nEn la primera parte, los bailarines ejecutan tres pasos de Bostón hacia adelante, sin girar, y un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) para enfrentar directamente hacia atrás (medio giro). 4 medidas.\n\nEsto es seguido por tres pasos de Bostón hacia atrás (sin girar) en la posición mostrada en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 10, seguido de un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) y terminando en la Posición de Vals regular para la ejecución de la segunda parte.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nLA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN\n\nLa \"Inclinación\" es un baile combinado en tiempo de 3/4 o 3/8, y contiene 4 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo, precedido por 4 medidas, como sigue:\n\nDe pie sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso directamente hacia el lado, y transferir el peso al pie derecho (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda a la derecha delante de la derecha, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón derecho (tiempo 2); bajar el talón derecho (tiempo 3); devolver el pie izquierdo a su lugar original donde recibe el peso (tiempo 4); balancear la pierna derecha cruzando delante de la izquierda, levantando el talón izquierdo (tiempo 5); y bajar el talón izquierdo (tiempo 6). 2 medidas.\n\nBalancear el pie derecho hacia la derecha, y colocarlo directamente al lado del izquierdo (tiempo 1); saltar sobre el pie derecho y balancear el izquierdo cruzando delante (tiempo 2); caer hacia atrás sobre el pie derecho (tiempo 3); colocar el pie izquierdo, cruzando delante del derecho, y transferir el peso a él (tiempo 4); con el pie derecho dar un paso entero hacia la derecha (tiempo 5); y terminar trayendo el pie izquierdo contra el derecho, donde recibe el peso (tiempo 6). 2 medidas.\n\nAl ejecutar el salto en los tiempos 2 y 3 de la tercera medida, el movimiento debe retrasarse tanto que la caída hacia atrás coincida exactamente con el tercer tiempo de la música.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparación: Posición Lateral del Vals._\n\nDurante las primeras cuatro medidas, tomar cuatro pasos de Bostón sin girar (dama hacia adelante, caballero hacia atrás), y doblar la rodilla de apoyo, estirar el pie libre hacia atrás, (izquierdo de la dama, derecho del caballero) como se muestra en la ilustración opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nRepetir en dirección opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nEjecutar cuatro pasos de arrastre hacia el lado (derecho de la dama, izquierdo del caballero) balanceando los hombros y el cuerpo en la dirección del pie arrastrado, y señalando con el pie libre en el cuarto, como se muestra en la figura. 4 medidas.\n\nRepetir en dirección opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nOcho giros completos, Bostón Corto o Dos-Pasos. 16 medidas.\n\nRepetir a voluntad.\n\n * * * * *\n\n Un excelente ejemplo para este baile se encontrará en \"The Gobbler\" de J. Monroe.\n\nEL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN\n\nEl \"Glide del Avión\" es muy similar a la Inclinación del Bostón. Se supone que representa el inicio del vuelo de un avión, y deriva su nombre de ese hecho.\n\nLa única diferencia entre la \"Inclinación\" y el \"Avión\" consiste en los seis pasos de carrera que componen las primeras dos medidas. De estos pasos de carrera, que se ejecutan lateralmente y con cruces alternos, delante y detrás, solo el cuarto, al principio de la segunda medida, requiere descripción especial. En este paso, la rodilla de apoyo está notablemente doblada para coincidir con el acento de la música.\n\nEl resto del baile es idéntico a la \"Inclinación\". (Ver página 25).\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL TANGO\n\nEl Tango es un baile hispanoamericano que contiene gran parte del encanto peculiar de los otros bailes españoles, y su ejecución depende en gran medida de la capacidad de los bailarines para captar el ritmo de la música e interpretarlo con sus movimientos. Los pasos son todos simples, y se permite a los bailarines variar o improvisar las figuras a voluntad.\n\nDe estas figuras, las dos que siguen son las más comunes, y se prestan más fácilmente a la descripción verbal.\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nLos parejas se enfrentan uno al otro como en la Posición de Vals. El caballero toma la mano derecha de la dama con la suya izquierda, y, estirando los brazos hasta la extensión completa, manteniéndolos a la altura de los hombros, coloca la mano derecha de ella sobre su hombro izquierdo, y la sostiene allí, como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 30.\n\nAl comenzar, el caballero echa ligeramente su hombro derecho hacia atrás y da un paso directamente hacia atrás con su pie izquierdo, mientras la dama sigue hacia adelante con el suyo derecho. De esta manera, ambos continúan dos pasos, cruzando un pie sobre el otro y luego ejecutan un medio giro en la misma dirección. Esto es seguido por cuatro medidas del Dos-Pasos y todo se repite a voluntad. 8 medidas.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nEsta variante comienza desde la misma posición que el Tango No. 1. El caballero da dos pasos hacia atrás con la dama siguiendo hacia adelante, y luego dos pasos hacia el lado (derecho de la dama y izquierdo del caballero) y dos pasos en la dirección opuesta a la posición original. 8 medidas.\n\nEstos pasos hacia el lado deben marcarse con el balanceo de los cuerpos mientras los pies se juntan en el segundo tiempo de la medida, y todo es seguido por 8 medidas del Dos-Pasos. Repetir todo según se desee.\n\nMÚSICA IDEAL PARA EL \"BOSTÓN\"\n\nSOLO DE PIANO\n\n(_También disponible para Orquesta Completa o Pequeña_)\n\nEL DESPERTAR DEL AMOR _J. Danglas_ .60\nSOBRE LAS ALAS DEL SUEÑO _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISÓN (¡Emoción!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nEL TRIUNFO DEL AMOR _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENESA _A. Duval_ .60\n\nEstos números seleccionados han alcanzado el éxito, no solo por sus atractivos de melodía y rica armonía, sino por su flexibilidad rítmica y su perfecta adaptación al \"Bostón\".\n\nPARA EL TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecialmente recomendado\n\nEL GALLO _J. Monroe_ .50\n\nCualquiera de las composiciones anteriores será suministrada al recibir la mitad del precio de lista. Correo dos centavos extra por cada copia.\n\nPUBLICADO POR\n\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\nNOTAS DEL TRANSCRIBOR:\n\n El texto en cursiva está rodeado de guiones bajos: _cursiva_.\n\n La puntuación ha sido corregida sin nota.\n\n Los errores tipográficos obvios han sido corregidos de la siguiente manera:\n Página 8: palabra duplicada \"the\" eliminada\n Página 23: palabra duplicada \"and\" eliminada\n\nFin de los Proyectos Gutenberg de El Fascinante Bostón, de Alfonso Josephs Sheafe","type":"output_text","logprobs":null}],"role":"assistant","status":"completed","type":"message"}],"parallel_tool_calls":true,"temperature":0.0,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_p":null,"background":null,"conversation":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"prompt_cache_key":null,"reasoning":null,"safety_identifier":null,"service_tier":null,"status":null,"text":null,"top_logprobs":null,"truncation":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":5758,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0},"output_tokens":6036,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":0},"total_tokens":11794},"user":null},"reward":0.7667728444946467,"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"es_MX","doc_id":"The-Fascinating-Boston-by-Alfonso-Josephs-Sheafe","generation":"Producido por David E. Brown y el Equipo de Prueba Distribuido en Línea en http://www.pgdp.net (Este archivo fue producido a partir de imágenes generosamente puestas a disposición por la Biblioteca del Congreso)\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN\n\nCómo Bailar y Cómo Enseñar el Nuevo Favorito Social Popular\n\n_Por_\nALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\nMaestro de Danza\n\n_Translator y Editor de\nLa Gramática del Arte de la Danza de Zorn_\n\nBoston, Mass.\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN\nNueva York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\nDerechos de autor, 1913, por\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN\nPara todos los países\n\nB. M. Co. 3366\n\nTabla de Contenidos\n\nPágina\n\nPRÓLOGO 1\n\nEL BOSTÓN\n LAS POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES 5\n LA POSICIÓN DE LOS PAREJAS 8\n EL PASO DEL BOSTÓN 12\n EL BOSTÓN LARGO 22\n EL BOSTÓN CORTO 23\n EL BOSTÓN ABIERTO 24\n LA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN 25\n\nEL TURKEY TROT 27\n\nEL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN 28\n\nEL TANGO 29\n\nEL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN\n\nPRÓLOGO\n\nDesde la introducción del vals, hace más de cien años, ha ocupado el primer lugar en la estima de los bailarines de todo el mundo civilizado. Sin embargo, ha aparecido un nuevo pretendiente para ese lugar, uno que posee todas las cualidades que hacen de un baile un favorito social, y tiene las ventajas adicionales de una mayor facilidad de ejecución y una mayor posibilidad de adaptación.\n\nEste es el BOSTÓN, no, como muchas personas suponen, una creación nueva, ni de hecho es una novedad incluso para el público americano, ya que fue introducido aquí hace más de una generación; pero la gran popularidad del Dos-Pasos, que acababa de entrar en boga y estaba ganando favor rápidamente bajo la influencia de composiciones brillantes como las marchas de paso rápido de Sousa, operó en contra de su aceptación inmediata.\n\nUna de las razones por las que el Bostón debería resultar hoy un baile más atractivo que cualquier otro, es el hecho de que ahora hay más melodías cautivadoras escritas para esta forma particular de baile que para cualquier otra, y ya que el Dos-Pasos, en su momento, encontró su aliado más poderoso en la música a la que se adaptó, el Bostón tiene hoy la persuasiva intercesión de melodías tan lánguidas y cautivadoras como \"El Despertar del Amor\" y \"Sobre las Alas del Sueño\", de Danglas; \"Thrill\" de Sinibaldi, y otros.\n\nEl gusto general ha descubierto gradualmente el encanto superior del Bostón; el péndulo del favor público ha vuelto a oscilar en la dirección de la danza hábil.\n\nEl reciente renacimiento del Vals en su forma adecuada ha traído consigo una mayor apreciación de los bailes sociales más dignos y graciosos, y el mundo entero ahora reconoce la maravillosa belleza del Bostón y lo ha acogido como un verdadero competidor.\n\nEl Bostón no es un Vals, sin embargo, es su perfección. Es una de esas cosas paradójicas que, aunque es imposible clasificarlo, contiene todo lo que se encuentra en casi cualquier otro baile. Incluso las personas que han aferrado tan larga y lealmente a otras formas de danza, y no han disminuido en absoluto su celo por sus favoritos, han sido inconscientemente, y quizás sin querer, encantadas por la seducción del Bostón, hasta el punto de que ahora declaran libremente que el nuevo baile es superior al Vals. Por lo tanto, es seguro decir que el Bostón, eventualmente, reemplazará al Vals por completo.\n\nExigimos un baile que combine la facilidad de ejecución con un movimiento atractivo. Eso es exactamente lo que hace el Bostón, y quizás más. Es tan simple en su construcción que, una vez adquirido, se vuelve natural, y su perfecta adaptabilidad le asegura una popularidad duradera.\n\nDebido a la solicitud urgente de muchos de sus alumnos y colegas, el autor ha emprendido este pequeño libro con la esperanza de que satisfaga los requisitos tanto de los profesores como de los estudiantes, y ayude a asegurar la debida apreciación de lo que es en realidad el baile social más delicioso y artístico desde el Minué.\n\nLAS CINCO POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES\n\nPara que el lector pueda comprender más fácilmente las descripciones dadas en este libro, explicaremos las cinco posiciones fundamentales sobre las que descansa el arte de la danza.\n\nEn la 1ª posición, los pies están juntos, talón contra talón.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 2ª posición, los talones están separados lateralmente y en la misma línea.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 3ª posición, el talón de un pie toca el centro del otro.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 4ª posición, los pies están separados como al caminar, ya sea directamente hacia adelante o directamente hacia atrás.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn la 5ª posición, el talón de un pie toca la punta del otro.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEn todas estas posiciones, los pies deben estar girados hacia afuera para formar no menos de un ángulo recto.\n\nLAS POSICIONES DE LOS PAREJAS\n\nMucho, si no todo, de la crítica adversa del Bostón que ha sido ofrecida por educadores, padres y otros objetores responsables, se ha dirigido a las posiciones relativas de los parejas. Esto, de hecho, no es más que la regla general con respecto a la Danza Redonda Social, con la posible excepción de que las posiciones han sido a veces distorsionadas por intentos de copiar las formas más libres de danza que se han presentado en el escenario.\n\nLa Danza Redonda exige que se mantenga un cierto agrupamiento fijo de los parejas para que pueda lograrse la rotación alrededor de un centro móvil común, y es aquí donde se encuentra el problema más serio.\n\nLa profesión de la danza hace mucho tiempo se encargó de establecer agrupamientos arbitrarios satisfactorios para las necesidades de los bailarines, y que se ajusten a todos los requisitos de la decencia y el ejercicio higiénico.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nActuando sobre esta base, los profesores de danza reputados de todo el mundo han adoptado y promulgado tres agrupamientos fundamentales para la Danza Redonda que están construidos de tal manera que proporcionan la mayor facilidad de ejecución y libertad de acción. Se conocen como la Posición de Vals, la Posición Abierta y la Posición Lateral del Vals. Todas las danzas redondas se ejecutan en uno u otro de estos agrupamientos, que no solo son aceptados por todos los buenos profesores, sino que, con la excepción de ciertas variaciones menores e irrelevantes, se adhieren rígidamente en todo su trabajo.\n\nEn la Posición de Vals, los parejas se enfrentan uno al otro, con los hombros paralelos, y mirando por encima del hombro derecho del otro. Se debe prestar especial atención a la posición paralela de los hombros, para ajustar los movimientos individuales de los parejas a lo largo de la línea de dirección.\n\nEl caballero coloca su mano derecha ligeramente sobre la espalda de la dama, en un punto aproximadamente a mitad de camino, entre la línea de la cintura y las escápulas. Los dedos están tan redondeados que permiten la libre circulación del aire entre la palma de la mano y la espalda de la dama, y no deben estar extendidos.\n\nLa dama coloca su mano izquierda ligeramente sobre el brazo del caballero, permitiendo que su antebrazo repose suavemente sobre su brazo. Los parejas se mantienen a una distancia cómoda el uno del otro, inclinándose ligeramente hacia el centro común. Las manos libres se unen ligeramente a los lados. Esto es meramente para proporcionar ocupación a los brazos desocupados, y el caballero sostiene la punta de la mano de la dama ligeramente en los dedos doblados de la suya. La guía se realiza por el caballero mediante un ligero levantamiento de su codo derecho.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nLA POSICIÓN ABIERTA\n\nLa Posición Abierta no necesita explicación y puede entenderse fácilmente a partir de la ilustración que enfrenta la página 8.\n\nLA POSICIÓN LATERAL DEL VALS\n\nLa posición lateral del Vals difiere de la Posición de Vals solo en el hecho de que los parejas se mantienen lado a lado y con los brazos unidos más ampliamente extendidos. Los brazos libres se mantienen como en la portada. En la rotación real, esta posición naturalmente se resuelve en la Posición de Vals regular.\n\nEL PASO DEL BOSTÓN\n\nEl paso preparatorio del Bostón difiere materialmente de cualquier otro Baile Social. Hay _una sola posición_ de los pies en el Bostón: la 4ª. Es decir, los pies están separados uno del otro como al caminar.\n\nEn el primer tiempo de la medida, toda la pierna se balancea libremente, y como una unidad, desde la cadera, y el pie se coloca prácticamente plano sobre el suelo, donde inmediatamente recibe todo el peso del cuerpo _perpendicularmente_. El peso se mantiene enteramente sobre este pie durante el resto de la medida, ya sea en tiempo de 3/4 o 2/4.\n\nLos siguientes ejercicios preparatorios deben practicarse hacia adelante y hacia atrás hasta que los movimientos se vuelvan naturales, antes de proceder.\n\nAl ir hacia atrás, el pie debe llevarse hacia atrás tanto como sea posible, y el peso debe estar siempre perpendicular al pie de apoyo.\n\nEstos movimientos son idénticos a caminar, y excepto el cuidado particular que debe dedicarse a la colocación del pie en el primer tiempo de la medida, no requieren un grado especial de atención.\n\nEn el segundo tiempo, la pierna libre se balancea hacia adelante hasta que la rodilla se haya enderezado completamente, y se mantiene, suspendida, durante el tercer tiempo de la medida. Esto debe practicarse, primero con el peso descansando sobre toda la planta del pie de apoyo, y luego, cuando esto se haya logrado perfectamente, el mismo ejercicio puede complementarse levantando el talón (del pie de apoyo) en el segundo tiempo y bajándolo en el tercer tiempo. _Se debe tener mucho cuidado de no dividir el peso._\n\nCon fines de instrucción, es bueno practicar estos pasos con música de Mazurka, debido a la claridad del tiempo.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nCuando los ejercicios anteriores se hayan dominado tan completamente que se conviertan, en cierto sentido, en hábitos musculares, podemos, con seguridad, agregar la siguiente característica. Esto consiste en tocar el suelo con la punta del pie libre, en un punto tan adelante o atrás como se pueda hacer sin dividir el peso, en el segundo tiempo de la medida. Así, hemos logrado, por así decirlo, un paso interrumpido, o al menos, un paso detenido, y esta es la verdadera esencia del Bostón.\n\nNo se puede gastar demasiado cuidado en esta fase del paso, y debe practicarse una y otra vez, tanto hacia adelante como hacia atrás, hasta que el movimiento se convierta en una segunda naturaleza. Todo esto debe preceder a cualquier intento de girar.\n\nEl giro del Bostón es una simplicidad en sí mismo, pero es, sin embargo, el punto en la instrucción que más molesta a los aprendices. El giro se ejecuta sobre la bola del _pie de apoyo_, y consiste en girar medio giro sin levantar ningún pie del suelo. En esto, el peso se mantiene enteramente sobre el pie de apoyo, y no hay cruce.\n\nAl llevar el pie hacia adelante para el segundo movimiento, las rodillas deben pasar cerca una de la otra, y se debe tener cuidado de que _todo el medio giro ocurra en el último tiempo de la medida_.\n\nPara resumir:\n\nComenzando con el peso sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso hacia adelante, colocando todo el peso sobre el pie derecho, como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 14 (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda rápidamente hacia adelante, enderezando la rodilla izquierda y levantando el talón derecho, y tocar el suelo con el pie izquierdo extendido como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 16, pero sin colocar ningún peso sobre ese pie (tiempo 2); ejecutar un medio giro a la izquierda, hacia atrás, sobre la bola del pie de apoyo (derecho), al mismo tiempo bajando el talón derecho, y terminar como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 18 (tiempo 3). Una medida.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nComenzando de nuevo, esta vez con el peso totalmente sobre el pie derecho, y con la pierna izquierda extendida hacia atrás, y la punta del pie izquierdo tocando ligeramente el suelo, dar un paso hacia atrás, arrojando el peso enteramente sobre el pie izquierdo que se hunde en una posición plana sobre el suelo, como se muestra en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 21, (tiempo 4); llevar el pie derecho rápidamente hacia atrás, y tocar con la punta lo más atrás posible sobre la línea de dirección sin dividir el peso, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón izquierdo como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 22, (tiempo 5); y completar la rotación ejecutando un medio giro a la derecha, hacia adelante, sobre la bola del pie izquierdo, bajando simultáneamente el talón izquierdo, y terminando como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 24, (tiempo 6).\n\nEL REVERSO\n\nEl reverso del paso debe adquirirse al mismo tiempo que la rotación a la derecha, y por lo tanto, es de gran importancia alternar desde la rotación derecha a la izquierda desde el principio del ejercicio de giro. El reverso en sí, es decir, el acto de alternar, se efectúa en una sola medida sin girar (ver ejercicio preparatorio, página 13), que puede tomarse hacia atrás por el caballero y hacia adelante por la dama, siempre que hayan completado un giro completo.\n\nEl mecanismo del giro inverso es exactamente el mismo que el del giro a la derecha, excepto que se realiza con el otro pie, y en la dirección opuesta.\n\nNo hay mejor o más eficaz ejercicio para perfeccionar el Bostón, que el que está compuesto por un giro completo a la derecha, una medida para revertir, y un giro completo a la izquierda. Esto debe practicarse hasta que uno haya dominado completamente el movimiento y el ritmo del baile. El autor ha utilizado este ejercicio en todo su trabajo, y lo encuentra no solo útil e interesante para el alumno, sino de especial ventaja para evitar la posibilidad de mareos, y la consiguiente incomodidad y pérdida de tiempo.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nDespués de adquirir un grado de facilidad en la ejecución de estos movimientos con música de Mazurka, es aconsejable variar el ritmo mediante la introducción de música de Vals española u otra claramente acentuada, antes de usar las composiciones más líquidas de Strauss o de tales valses de canciones modernas como los de Danglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nUna de las características notables del Bostón es que el peso siempre está opuesto a la línea de dirección; es decir, al ir hacia adelante, el peso se retiene sobre el pie trasero, y al ir hacia atrás, el peso siempre está sobre el pie delantero (la dirección siempre irradia desde el bailarín). Así, al proceder alrededor de la habitación, el peso debe mantenerse siempre hacia atrás, en lugar de inclinarse ligeramente hacia adelante como en las otras danzas redondas. Esta aparente contradicción de fuerzas le da al Bostón un encanto único que no se encuentra en ningún otro baile.\n\nA medida que el bailarín se familiariza más con el Bostón, el movimiento se vuelve tan natural que se necesita poco o ningún pensamiento en la técnica, para desarrollar la gracia peculiar de este.\n\nEl hecho de que sea un baile totalmente en una sola posición requiere mayor habilidad en la ejecución del Bostón, de lo que sería el caso si hubiera otros cambios y contrastes posibles, al igual que es más difícil tocar una melodía en un violín de solo una cuerda.\n\nEl Bostón, en su forma completada, se resuelve en una especie de movimiento de caminar, tan natural y fácil que puede disfrutarse durante toda una noche sin más fatiga que la que resultaría de una sola hora de Vals y Dos-Pasos.\n\nAparte del atractivo del Bostón como baile social, sus beneficios físicos son más positivos que los de cualquier otra Danza Redonda que hayamos tenido. La acción está tan ajustada para proporcionar el máximo de ejercicio muscular y el mínimo de esfuerzo físico. Esto tiende hacia la conservación de la energía, y produce y mantiene, al mismo tiempo, una uniformidad de la presión arterial y la circulación. Los movimientos también requieren un ejercicio constante de los tobillos y los empeines que es muy fortalecedor para esas partes, y no puede dejar de elevar y sostener el arco del pie.\n\nTomado desde cualquier punto de vista, el Bostón es una de las formas más dignas del baile social jamás ideadas, y las distorsiones de posición que ahora se practican ocasionalmente deben ceder pronto a la genuina influencia refinadora de la acción.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nDe las varias formas del Bostón, hay poco que decir más allá de la descripción de la manera de su ejecución, que se tratará en las siguientes páginas.\n\nSe espera que este libro ayude hacia una comprensión más completa de las bellezas y atractivos del Bostón, y promueva la debida apreciación de él.\n\n_Todas las descripciones de bailes dadas en este libro se refieren a la parte de la dama. La del caballero es exactamente la misma, pero en el movimiento contrario._\n\nEL BOSTÓN LARGO\n\nLa forma ordinaria del Bostón descrita en las páginas anteriores es comúnmente conocida como el \"Bostón\" Largo para distinguirlo de otras formas y variaciones. Se baila en tiempo de 3/4, ya sea Vals o Mazurka, y a cualquier tempo deseado. Ya que esta es la forma fundamental del Bostón, debe adquirirse completamente antes de emprender cualquier otra.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL BOSTÓN CORTO\n\nEl \"Bostón\" Corto difiere del \"Bostón\" Largo solo en la medida. Se baila en tiempo de 2/4 o 6/8, y el primer movimiento (en tiempo de 2/4) ocupa la duración de una negra. El segundo y tercer movimientos ocupan cada uno la duración de una corchea. Así, existe entre el \"Bostón\" Largo y el \"Bostón\" Corto la misma diferencia que entre el Vals y el Galop. En las formas más rápidas del \"Bostón\" Corto, el levantamiento y el hundimiento en el segundo y tercer movimientos naturalmente toman la forma de un salto o un brinco. El baile es más agradable y menos fatigante en tempo moderado.\n\nEL BOSTÓN ABIERTO\n\nEl \"Bostón\" Abierto contiene dos partes de ocho medidas cada una. La primera parte se baila en las posiciones mostradas en las ilustraciones que enfrentan las páginas 8 y 10, y la segunda parte consiste en 8 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo.\n\nEn la primera parte, los bailarines ejecutan tres pasos de Bostón hacia adelante, sin girar, y un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) para enfrentar directamente hacia atrás (medio giro). 4 medidas.\n\nEsto es seguido por tres pasos de Bostón hacia atrás (sin girar) en la posición mostrada en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 10, seguido de un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) y terminando en la Posición de Vals regular para la ejecución de la segunda parte.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nLA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN\n\nLa \"Inclinación\" es un baile combinado en tiempo de 3/4 o 3/8, y contiene 4 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo, precedido por 4 medidas, como sigue:\n\nDe pie sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso directamente hacia el lado, y transferir el peso al pie derecho (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda a la derecha delante de la derecha, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón derecho (tiempo 2); bajar el talón derecho (tiempo 3); devolver el pie izquierdo a su lugar original donde recibe el peso (tiempo 4); balancear la pierna derecha cruzando delante de la izquierda, levantando el talón izquierdo (tiempo 5); y bajar el talón izquierdo (tiempo 6). 2 medidas.\n\nBalancear el pie derecho hacia la derecha, y colocarlo directamente al lado del izquierdo (tiempo 1); saltar sobre el pie derecho y balancear el izquierdo cruzando delante (tiempo 2); caer hacia atrás sobre el pie derecho (tiempo 3); colocar el pie izquierdo, cruzando delante del derecho, y transferir el peso a él (tiempo 4); con el pie derecho dar un paso entero hacia la derecha (tiempo 5); y terminar trayendo el pie izquierdo contra el derecho, donde recibe el peso (tiempo 6). 2 medidas.\n\nAl ejecutar el salto en los tiempos 2 y 3 de la tercera medida, el movimiento debe retrasarse tanto que la caída hacia atrás coincida exactamente con el tercer tiempo de la música.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparación: Posición Lateral del Vals._\n\nDurante las primeras cuatro medidas, tomar cuatro pasos de Bostón sin girar (dama hacia adelante, caballero hacia atrás), y doblar la rodilla de apoyo, estirar el pie libre hacia atrás, (izquierdo de la dama, derecho del caballero) como se muestra en la ilustración opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nRepetir en dirección opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nEjecutar cuatro pasos de arrastre hacia el lado (derecho de la dama, izquierdo del caballero) balanceando los hombros y el cuerpo en la dirección del pie arrastrado, y señalando con el pie libre en el cuarto, como se muestra en la figura. 4 medidas.\n\nRepetir en dirección opuesta. 4 medidas.\n\nOcho giros completos, Bostón Corto o Dos-Pasos. 16 medidas.\n\nRepetir a voluntad.\n\n * * * * *\n\n Un excelente ejemplo para este baile se encontrará en \"The Gobbler\" de J. Monroe.\n\nEL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN\n\nEl \"Glide del Avión\" es muy similar a la Inclinación del Bostón. Se supone que representa el inicio del vuelo de un avión, y deriva su nombre de ese hecho.\n\nLa única diferencia entre la \"Inclinación\" y el \"Avión\" consiste en los seis pasos de carrera que componen las primeras dos medidas. De estos pasos de carrera, que se ejecutan lateralmente y con cruces alternos, delante y detrás, solo el cuarto, al principio de la segunda medida, requiere descripción especial. En este paso, la rodilla de apoyo está notablemente doblada para coincidir con el acento de la música.\n\nEl resto del baile es idéntico a la \"Inclinación\". (Ver página 25).\n\n[Illustración]\n\nEL TANGO\n\nEl Tango es un baile hispanoamericano que contiene gran parte del encanto peculiar de los otros bailes españoles, y su ejecución depende en gran medida de la capacidad de los bailarines para captar el ritmo de la música e interpretarlo con sus movimientos. Los pasos son todos simples, y se permite a los bailarines variar o improvisar las figuras a voluntad.\n\nDe estas figuras, las dos que siguen son las más comunes, y se prestan más fácilmente a la descripción verbal.\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nLos parejas se enfrentan uno al otro como en la Posición de Vals. El caballero toma la mano derecha de la dama con la suya izquierda, y, estirando los brazos hasta la extensión completa, manteniéndolos a la altura de los hombros, coloca la mano derecha de ella sobre su hombro izquierdo, y la sostiene allí, como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 30.\n\nAl comenzar, el caballero echa ligeramente su hombro derecho hacia atrás y da un paso directamente hacia atrás con su pie izquierdo, mientras la dama sigue hacia adelante con el suyo derecho. De esta manera, ambos continúan dos pasos, cruzando un pie sobre el otro y luego ejecutan un medio giro en la misma dirección. Esto es seguido por cuatro medidas del Dos-Pasos y todo se repite a voluntad. 8 medidas.\n\n[Illustración]\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nEsta variante comienza desde la misma posición que el Tango No. 1. El caballero da dos pasos hacia atrás con la dama siguiendo hacia adelante, y luego dos pasos hacia el lado (derecho de la dama y izquierdo del caballero) y dos pasos en la dirección opuesta a la posición original. 8 medidas.\n\nEstos pasos hacia el lado deben marcarse con el balanceo de los cuerpos mientras los pies se juntan en el segundo tiempo de la medida, y todo es seguido por 8 medidas del Dos-Pasos. Repetir todo según se desee.\n\nMÚSICA IDEAL PARA EL \"BOSTÓN\"\n\nSOLO DE PIANO\n\n(_También disponible para Orquesta Completa o Pequeña_)\n\nEL DESPERTAR DEL AMOR _J. Danglas_ .60\nSOBRE LAS ALAS DEL SUEÑO _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISÓN (¡Emoción!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nEL TRIUNFO DEL AMOR _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENESA _A. Duval_ .60\n\nEstos números seleccionados han alcanzado el éxito, no solo por sus atractivos de melodía y rica armonía, sino por su flexibilidad rítmica y su perfecta adaptación al \"Bostón\".\n\nPARA EL TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecialmente recomendado\n\nEL GALLO _J. Monroe_ .50\n\nCualquiera de las composiciones anteriores será suministrada al recibir la mitad del precio de lista. Correo dos centavos extra por cada copia.\n\nPUBLICADO POR\n\nLA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\nNOTAS DEL TRANSCRIBOR:\n\n El texto en cursiva está rodeado de guiones bajos: _cursiva_.\n\n La puntuación ha sido corregida sin nota.\n\n Los errores tipográficos obvios han sido corregidos de la siguiente manera:\n Página 8: palabra duplicada \"the\" eliminada\n Página 23: palabra duplicada \"and\" eliminada\n\nFin de los Proyectos Gutenberg de El Fascinante Bostón, de Alfonso Josephs Sheafe","comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":237,"misaligned_seg":6,"spans":[{"src":"Produced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress)","tgt":"Producido por David E. Brown y el Equipo de Prueba Distribuido en Línea en http://www.pgdp.net (Este archivo fue producido a partir de imágenes generosamente puestas a disposición por la Biblioteca del Congreso)","comet_qe":0.8172787427902222,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE FASCINATING BOSTON","tgt":"EL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.8508102893829346,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How to Dance and How to Teach the Popular New Social Favorite","tgt":"Cómo Bailar y Cómo Enseñar el Nuevo Favorito Social Popular","comet_qe":0.7966861724853516,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_By_ ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE","tgt":"_Por_ ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE","comet_qe":0.7948085069656372,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Master of Dancing","tgt":"Maestro de Danza","comet_qe":0.8482776880264282,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_Translator and Editor of","tgt":"_Translator y Editor de","comet_qe":0.7747853994369507,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_","tgt":"La Gramática del Arte de la Danza de Zorn_","comet_qe":0.8551072478294373,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Boston, Mass.","tgt":"Boston, Mass.","comet_qe":0.8137858510017395,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY","tgt":"LA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.8667532205581665,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated","tgt":"Nueva York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated","comet_qe":0.859615683555603,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Copyright, 1913, by","tgt":"Derechos de autor, 1913, por","comet_qe":0.8178741335868835,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.","tgt":"LA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.8629271984100342,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For all countries","tgt":"Para todos los países","comet_qe":0.8700342774391174,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"B. M. Co. 3366","tgt":"B. M. Co. 3366","comet_qe":0.8431496620178223,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Table of Contents","tgt":"Tabla de Contenidos","comet_qe":0.8540350198745728,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Page","tgt":"Página","comet_qe":0.8021756410598755,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"FOREWORD 1","tgt":"PRÓLOGO 1","comet_qe":0.847466766834259,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.8526611328125,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5","tgt":"LAS POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES 5","comet_qe":0.8666186332702637,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8","tgt":"LA POSICIÓN DE LOS PAREJAS 8","comet_qe":0.7716638445854187,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12","tgt":"EL PASO DEL BOSTÓN 12","comet_qe":0.6469848155975342,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE LONG BOSTON 22","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN LARGO 22","comet_qe":0.7243770360946655,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE SHORT BOSTON 23","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN CORTO 23","comet_qe":0.7481681108474731,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE OPEN BOSTON 24","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN ABIERTO 24","comet_qe":0.8201938271522522,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON DIP 25","tgt":"LA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN 25","comet_qe":0.7313237190246582,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE TURKEY TROT 27","tgt":"EL TURKEY TROT 27","comet_qe":0.712973415851593,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28","tgt":"EL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN 28","comet_qe":0.8443293571472168,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE TANGO 29","tgt":"EL TANGO 29","comet_qe":0.8425720930099487,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE FASCINATING BOSTON","tgt":"EL FASCINANTE BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.8508102893829346,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"FOREWORD","tgt":"PRÓLOGO","comet_qe":0.8100559711456299,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Since the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it has held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the civilized world.","tgt":"Desde la introducción del vals, hace más de cien años, ha ocupado el primer lugar en la estima de los bailarines de todo el mundo civilizado.","comet_qe":0.8585572838783264,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the place--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social favorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of execution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.","tgt":"Sin embargo, ha aparecido un nuevo pretendiente para ese lugar, uno que posee todas las cualidades que hacen de un baile un favorito social, y tiene las ventajas adicionales de una mayor facilidad de ejecución y una mayor posibilidad de adaptación.","comet_qe":0.6762704849243164,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor indeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was introduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of the Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining favor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the quick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.","tgt":"Este es el BOSTÓN, no, como muchas personas suponen, una creación nueva, ni de hecho es una novedad incluso para el público americano, ya que fue introducido aquí hace más de una generación; pero la gran popularidad del Dos-Pasos, que acababa de entrar en boga y estaba ganando favor rápidamente bajo la influencia de composiciones brillantes como las marchas de paso rápido de Sousa, operó en contra de su aceptación inmediata.","comet_qe":0.7663657665252686,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"One of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive dance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating airs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and as the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music to which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive intercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's Awakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's","tgt":"Una de las razones por las que el Bostón debería resultar hoy un baile más atractivo que cualquier otro, es el hecho de que ahora hay más melodías cautivadoras escritas para esta forma particular de baile que para cualquier otra, y ya que el Dos-Pasos, en su momento, encontró su aliado más poderoso en la música a la que se adaptó, el Bostón tiene hoy la persuasiva intercesión de melodías tan lánguidas y cautivadoras como \"El Despertar del Amor\" y \"Sobre las Alas del Sueño\", de Danglas; \"Thrill\" de Sinibaldi, y otros.","comet_qe":0.7573357820510864,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Thrill,\" and others. General taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston; the pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful dancing.","tgt":"El gusto general ha descubierto gradualmente el encanto superior del Bostón; el péndulo del favor público ha vuelto a oscilar en la dirección de la danza hábil.","comet_qe":0.6412659883499146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it a larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances, and the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston, and has welcomed it as a real competitor.","tgt":"El reciente renacimiento del Vals en su forma adecuada ha traído consigo una mayor apreciación de los bailes sociales más dignos y graciosos, y el mundo entero ahora reconoce la maravillosa belleza del Bostón y lo ha acogido como un verdadero competidor.","comet_qe":0.8203389644622803,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it.","tgt":"El Bostón no es un Vals, sin embargo, es su perfección.","comet_qe":0.8296563625335693,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is one of those paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified, contains all that is to be found in almost any other dance.","tgt":"Es una de esas cosas paradójicas que, aunque es imposible clasificarlo, contiene todo lo que se encuentra en casi cualquier otro baile.","comet_qe":0.8557875156402588,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Even the persons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing, and have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been unconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of the Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the superior of the Waltz.","tgt":"Incluso las personas que han aferrado tan larga y lealmente a otras formas de danza, y no han disminuido en absoluto su celo por sus favoritos, han sido inconscientemente, y quizás sin querer, encantadas por la seducción del Bostón, hasta el punto de que ahora declaran libremente que el nuevo baile es superior al Vals.","comet_qe":0.7586160898208618,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will, eventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.","tgt":"Por lo tanto, es seguro decir que el Bostón, eventualmente, reemplazará al Vals por completo.","comet_qe":0.7884555459022522,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive movement.","tgt":"Exigimos un baile que combine la facilidad de ejecución con un movimiento atractivo.","comet_qe":0.8769727349281311,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more.","tgt":"Eso es exactamente lo que hace el Bostón, y quizás más.","comet_qe":0.8532112836837769,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is so simple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its perfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.","tgt":"Es tan simple en su construcción que, una vez adquirido, se vuelve natural, y su perfecta adaptabilidad le asegura una popularidad duradera.","comet_qe":0.851285994052887,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Owing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the author has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the requirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the proper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and artistic social dance since the Minuet.","tgt":"Debido a la solicitud urgente de muchos de sus alumnos y colegas, el autor ha emprendido este pequeño libro con la esperanza de que satisfaga los requisitos tanto de los profesores como de los estudiantes, y ayude a asegurar la debida apreciación de lo que es en realidad el baile social más delicioso y artístico desde el Minué.","comet_qe":0.8696733713150024,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS","tgt":"LAS CINCO POSICIONES FUNDAMENTALES","comet_qe":0.8720054626464844,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In order that the reader may the more readily understand the descriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental positions upon which the art of dancing rests.","tgt":"Para que el lector pueda comprender más fácilmente las descripciones dadas en este libro, explicaremos las cinco posiciones fundamentales sobre las que descansa el arte de la danza.","comet_qe":0.884587287902832,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.","tgt":"En la 1ª posición, los pies están juntos, talón contra talón.","comet_qe":0.8398314118385315,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same line.","tgt":"En la 2ª posición, los talones están separados lateralmente y en la misma línea.","comet_qe":0.7943761348724365,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the other.","tgt":"En la 3ª posición, el talón de un pie toca el centro del otro.","comet_qe":0.8320231437683105,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either directly forward or directly backward.","tgt":"En la 4ª posición, los pies están separados como al caminar, ya sea directamente hacia adelante o directamente hacia atrás.","comet_qe":0.7978781461715698,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the other.","tgt":"En la 5ª posición, el talón de un pie toca la punta del otro.","comet_qe":0.8220089673995972,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less than a right angle.","tgt":"En todas estas posiciones, los pies deben estar girados hacia afuera para formar no menos de un ángulo recto.","comet_qe":0.8533793091773987,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS","tgt":"LAS POSICIONES DE LOS PAREJAS","comet_qe":0.7314040660858154,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Much, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been offered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been directed at the relative positions of the partners.","tgt":"Mucho, si no todo, de la crítica adversa del Bostón que ha sido ofrecida por educadores, padres y otros objetores responsables, se ha dirigido a las posiciones relativas de los parejas.","comet_qe":0.6825791597366333,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This is, in fact, no more than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the possible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by attempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented upon the stage.","tgt":"Esto, de hecho, no es más que la regla general con respecto a la Danza Redonda Social, con la posible excepción de que las posiciones han sido a veces distorsionadas por intentos de copiar las formas más libres de danza que se han presentado en el escenario.","comet_qe":0.8098888397216797,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be maintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may be accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be found.","tgt":"La Danza Redonda exige que se mantenga un cierto agrupamiento fijo de los parejas para que pueda lograrse la rotación alrededor de un centro móvil común, y es aquí donde se encuentra el problema más serio.","comet_qe":0.8385640382766724,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary groupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to all the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.","tgt":"La profesión de la danza hace mucho tiempo se encargó de establecer agrupamientos arbitrarios satisfactorios para las necesidades de los bailarines, y que se ajusten a todos los requisitos de la decencia y el ejercicio higiénico.","comet_qe":0.8416181802749634,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Acting upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the world have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the Round Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of execution and freedom of action.","tgt":"Actuando sobre esta base, los profesores de danza reputados de todo el mundo han adoptado y promulgado tres agrupamientos fundamentales para la Danza Redonda que están construidos de tal manera que proporcionan la mayor facilidad de ejecución y libertad de acción.","comet_qe":0.8488789200782776,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They are known as the Waltz Position, the Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz.","tgt":"Se conocen como la Posición de Vals, la Posición Abierta y la Posición Lateral del Vals.","comet_qe":0.8436416387557983,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All round dances are executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only accepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor and unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.","tgt":"Todas las danzas redondas se ejecutan en uno u otro de estos agrupamientos, que no solo son aceptados por todos los buenos profesores, sino que, con la excepción de ciertas variaciones menores e irrelevantes, se adhieren rígidamente en todo su trabajo.","comet_qe":0.7740288972854614,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with shoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.","tgt":"En la Posición de Vals, los parejas se enfrentan uno al otro, con los hombros paralelos, y mirando por encima del hombro derecho del otro.","comet_qe":0.8239204287528992,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Special attention must be paid to the parallel position of the shoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners along the line of direction.","tgt":"Se debe prestar especial atención a la posición paralela de los hombros, para ajustar los movimientos individuales de los parejas a lo largo de la línea de dirección.","comet_qe":0.7937277555465698,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a point about half-way across, between the waist-line and the shoulder-blades.","tgt":"El caballero coloca su mano derecha ligeramente sobre la espalda de la dama, en un punto aproximadamente a mitad de camino, entre la línea de la cintura y las escápulas.","comet_qe":0.8422825336456299,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free circulation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and should not be spread.","tgt":"Los dedos están tan redondeados que permiten la libre circulación del aire entre la palma de la mano y la espalda de la dama, y no deben estar extendidos.","comet_qe":0.8414080142974854,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing her fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm.","tgt":"La dama coloca su mano izquierda ligeramente sobre el brazo del caballero, permitiendo que su antebrazo repose suavemente sobre su brazo.","comet_qe":0.8720750212669373,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The partners stand at an easy distance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very slightly.","tgt":"Los parejas se mantienen a una distancia cómoda el uno del otro, inclinándose ligeramente hacia el centro común.","comet_qe":0.8165642023086548,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The free hands are lightly joined at the side.","tgt":"Las manos libres se unen ligeramente a los lados.","comet_qe":0.7130948305130005,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This is merely to provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds the tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.","tgt":"Esto es meramente para proporcionar ocupación a los brazos desocupados, y el caballero sostiene la punta de la mano de la dama ligeramente en los dedos doblados de la suya.","comet_qe":0.7648425698280334,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Guiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his right elbow.","tgt":"La guía se realiza por el caballero mediante un ligero levantamiento de su codo derecho.","comet_qe":0.7378429174423218,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE OPEN POSITION","tgt":"LA POSICIÓN ABIERTA","comet_qe":0.7356885075569153,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood from the illustration facing page 8.","tgt":"La Posición Abierta no necesita explicación y puede entenderse fácilmente a partir de la ilustración que enfrenta la página 8.","comet_qe":0.8352964520454407,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ","tgt":"LA POSICIÓN LATERAL DEL VALS","comet_qe":0.6186050772666931,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in the fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms more widely extended.","tgt":"La posición lateral del Vals difiere de la Posición de Vals solo en el hecho de que los parejas se mantienen lado a lado y con los brazos unidos más ampliamente extendidos.","comet_qe":0.7423092722892761,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The free arms are held as in the frontispiece.","tgt":"Los brazos libres se mantienen como en la portada.","comet_qe":0.7371398210525513,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the regular Waltz Position.","tgt":"En la rotación real, esta posición naturalmente se resuelve en la Posición de Vals regular.","comet_qe":0.7904016971588135,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE STEP OF THE BOSTON","tgt":"EL PASO DEL BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.6230509877204895,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any other Social Dance.","tgt":"El paso preparatorio del Bostón difiere materialmente de cualquier otro Baile Social.","comet_qe":0.8062953352928162,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There is _only one position_ of the feet in the Boston--the 4th.","tgt":"Hay _una sola posición_ de los pies en el Bostón: la 4a.","comet_qe":0.8154842853546143,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That is to say, the feet are separated one from the other as in walking.","tgt":"Es decir, los pies están separados uno del otro como al caminar.","comet_qe":0.8402336835861206,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a unit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the floor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body _perpendicularly_.","tgt":"En el primer tiempo de la medida, toda la pierna se balancea libremente, y como una unidad, desde la cadera, y el pie se coloca prácticamente plano sobre el suelo, donde inmediatamente recibe todo el peso del cuerpo _perpendicularmente_.","comet_qe":0.7554008960723877,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the remainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.","tgt":"El peso se mantiene enteramente sobre este pie durante el resto de la medida, ya sea en tiempo de 3/4 o 2/4.","comet_qe":0.7224528193473816,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and backward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.","tgt":"Los siguientes ejercicios preparatorios deben practicarse hacia adelante y hacia atrás hasta que los movimientos se vuelvan naturales, antes de proceder.","comet_qe":0.8708446025848389,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as possible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting foot.","tgt":"Al ir hacia atrás, el pie debe llevarse hacia atrás tanto como sea posible, y el peso debe estar siempre perpendicular al pie de apoyo.","comet_qe":0.8244869112968445,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"These movements are identical with walking, and except the particular care which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first count of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.","tgt":"Estos movimientos son idénticos a caminar, y excepto el cuidado particular que debe dedicarse a la colocación del pie en el primer tiempo de la medida, no requieren un grado especial de atención.","comet_qe":0.7297044992446899,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has become entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third count of the measure.","tgt":"En el segundo tiempo, la pierna libre se balancea hacia adelante hasta que la rodilla se haya enderezado completamente, y se mantiene, suspendida, durante el tercer tiempo de la medida.","comet_qe":0.753701388835907,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This should be practiced, first with the weight resting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this has been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented by raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and lowering it on the third count.","tgt":"Esto debe practicarse, primero con el peso descansando sobre toda la planta del pie de apoyo, y luego, cuando esto se haya logrado perfectamente, el mismo ejercicio puede complementarse levantando el talón (del pie de apoyo) en el segundo tiempo y bajándolo en el tercer tiempo.","comet_qe":0.8062949180603027,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_Great care must be taken not to divide the weight._","tgt":"_Se debe tener mucho cuidado de no dividir el peso._","comet_qe":0.7986507415771484,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to Mazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.","tgt":"Con fines de instrucción, es bueno practicar estos pasos con música de Mazurka, debido a la claridad del tiempo.","comet_qe":0.6016643047332764,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become, in a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.","tgt":"Cuando los ejercicios anteriores se hayan dominado tan completamente que se conviertan, en cierto sentido, en hábitos musculares, podemos, con seguridad, agregar la siguiente característica.","comet_qe":0.8524052500724792,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at a point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the weight, on the second count of the measure.","tgt":"Esto consiste en tocar el suelo con la punta del pie libre, en un punto tan adelante o atrás como se pueda hacer sin dividir el peso, en el segundo tiempo de la medida.","comet_qe":0.7082239985466003,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus, we have accomplished, as it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is the true essence of the Boston.","tgt":"Así, hemos logrado, por así decirlo, un paso interrumpido, o al menos, un paso detenido, y esta es la verdadera esencia del Bostón.","comet_qe":0.7861244678497314,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Too great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it must be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until the movement has become second nature.","tgt":"No se puede gastar demasiado cuidado en esta fase del paso, y debe practicarse una y otra vez, tanto hacia adelante como hacia atrás, hasta que el movimiento se convierta en una segunda naturaleza.","comet_qe":0.7819691896438599,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All this must precede any attempt to turn.","tgt":"Todo esto debe preceder a cualquier intento de girar.","comet_qe":0.807578444480896,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless, the one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to learners.","tgt":"El giro del Bostón es una simplicidad en sí mismo, pero es, sin embargo, el punto en la instrucción que más molesta a los aprendices.","comet_qe":0.8111562132835388,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_, and consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the ground.","tgt":"El giro se ejecuta sobre la bola del _pie de apoyo_, y consiste en girar medio giro sin levantar ningún pie del suelo.","comet_qe":0.812734842300415,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot, and there is no crossing.","tgt":"En esto, el peso se mantiene enteramente sobre el pie de apoyo, y no hay cruce.","comet_qe":0.7472789883613586,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must pass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half turn comes upon the last count of the measure_.","tgt":"Al llevar el pie hacia adelante para el segundo movimiento, las rodillas deben pasar cerca una de la otra, y se debe tener cuidado de que _todo el medio giro ocurra en el último tiempo de la medida_.","comet_qe":0.7482475638389587,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To sum up:--","tgt":"Para resumir:","comet_qe":0.8625171780586243,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Starting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the entire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14 (count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee and raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left foot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any weight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left, backward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time","tgt":"Comenzando con el peso sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso hacia adelante, colocando todo el peso sobre el pie derecho, como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 14 (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda rápidamente hacia adelante, enderezando la rodilla izquierda y levantando el talón derecho, y tocar el suelo con el pie izquierdo extendido como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 16, pero sin colocar ningún peso sobre ese pie (tiempo 2); ejecutar un medio giro a la izquierda, hacia atrás, sobre la bola del pie de apoyo (derecho), al mismo tiempo bajando el talón derecho, y terminar como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 18 (tiempo 3).","comet_qe":0.778435230255127,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"lowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"18 (count 3).","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"One measure.","tgt":"Una medida.","comet_qe":0.7655256390571594,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Starting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot, and with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot lightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely upon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as shown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right foot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible upon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time","tgt":"Comenzando de nuevo, esta vez con el peso totalmente sobre el pie derecho, y con la pierna izquierda extendida hacia atrás, y la punta del pie izquierdo tocando ligeramente el suelo, dar un paso hacia atrás, arrojando el peso enteramente sobre el pie izquierdo que se hunde en una posición plana sobre el suelo, como se muestra en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 21, (tiempo 4); llevar el pie derecho rápidamente hacia atrás, y tocar con la punta lo más atrás posible sobre la línea de dirección sin dividir el peso, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón izquierdo como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 22, (tiempo 5); y completar la rotación ejecutando un medio giro a la derecha, hacia adelante, sobre la bola del pie izquierdo, bajando simultáneamente el talón izquierdo, y terminando como en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 24, (tiempo 6).","comet_qe":0.6598123908042908,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"raising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"and complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"forward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"left heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"6). THE REVERSE","tgt":"EL REVERSO","comet_qe":0.801677405834198,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the rotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to alternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the turning exercise.","tgt":"El reverso del paso debe adquirirse al mismo tiempo que la rotación a la derecha, y por lo tanto, es de gran importancia alternar desde la rotación derecha a la izquierda desde el principio del ejercicio de giro.","comet_qe":0.7523620128631592,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of alternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see preparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the gentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole turn.","tgt":"El reverso en sí, es decir, el acto de alternar, se efectúa en una sola medida sin girar (ver ejercicio preparatorio, página 13), que puede tomarse hacia atrás por el caballero y hacia adelante por la dama, siempre que hayan completado un giro completo.","comet_qe":0.7283640503883362,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the turn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot, and in the opposite direction.","tgt":"El mecanismo del giro inverso es exactamente el mismo que el del giro a la derecha, excepto que se realiza con el otro pie, y en la dirección opuesta.","comet_qe":0.8672544956207275,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston, than that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure to reverse, and a complete turn to the left.","tgt":"No hay mejor o más eficaz ejercicio para perfeccionar el Bostón, que el que está compuesto por un giro completo a la derecha, una medida para revertir, y un giro completo a la izquierda.","comet_qe":0.7876019477844238,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This should be practised until one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance.","tgt":"Esto debe practicarse hasta que uno haya dominado completamente el movimiento y el ritmo del baile.","comet_qe":0.8691329956054688,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The writer has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only helpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in obviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent unpleasantness and loss of time.","tgt":"El autor ha utilizado este ejercicio en todo su trabajo, y lo encuentra no solo útil e interesante para el alumno, sino de especial ventaja para evitar la posibilidad de mareos, y la consiguiente incomodidad y pérdida de tiempo.","comet_qe":0.8713564872741699,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to Mazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of Spanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more liquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of Danglas, Sinibaldi, etc.","tgt":"Después de adquirir un grado de facilidad en la ejecución de estos movimientos con música de Mazurka, es aconsejable variar el ritmo mediante la introducción de música de Vals española u otra claramente acentuada, antes de usar las composiciones más líquidas de Strauss o de tales valses de canciones modernas como los de Danglas, Sinibaldi, etc.","comet_qe":0.8190412521362305,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is always opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward, the weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the weight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the dancer).","tgt":"Una de las características notables del Bostón es que el peso siempre está opuesto a la línea de dirección; es decir, al ir hacia adelante, el peso se retiene sobre el pie trasero, y al ir hacia atrás, el peso siempre está sobre el pie delantero (la dirección siempre irradia desde el bailarín).","comet_qe":0.8341010808944702,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be held back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round dances.","tgt":"Así, al proceder alrededor de la habitación, el peso debe mantenerse siempre hacia atrás, en lugar de inclinarse ligeramente hacia adelante como en las otras danzas redondas.","comet_qe":0.7761203050613403,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a unique charm which is to be found in no other dance.","tgt":"Esta aparente contradicción de fuerzas le da al Bostón un encanto único que no se encuentra en ningún otro baile.","comet_qe":0.8363608121871948,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement becomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique, in order to develop the peculiar grace of it.","tgt":"A medida que el bailarín se familiariza más con el Bostón, el movimiento se vuelve tan natural que se necesita poco o ningún pensamiento en la técnica, para desarrollar la gracia peculiar de este.","comet_qe":0.7903783321380615,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for greater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if there were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more difficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.","tgt":"El hecho de que sea un baile totalmente en una sola posición requiere mayor habilidad en la ejecución del Bostón, de lo que sería el caso si hubiera otros cambios y contrastes posibles, al igual que es más difícil tocar una melodía en un violín de solo una cuerda.","comet_qe":0.8059889078140259,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of walking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a whole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single hour of the Waltz and Two-Step.","tgt":"El Bostón, en su forma completada, se resuelve en una especie de movimiento de caminar, tan natural y fácil que puede disfrutarse durante toda una noche sin más fatiga que la que resultaría de una sola hora de Vals y Dos-Pasos.","comet_qe":0.7541624903678894,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Aside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its physical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance that we have ever had.","tgt":"Aparte del atractivo del Bostón como baile social, sus beneficios físicos son más positivos que los de cualquier otra Danza Redonda que hayamos tenido.","comet_qe":0.8205251693725586,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The action is so adjusted as to provide the maximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort.","tgt":"La acción está tan ajustada para proporcionar el máximo de ejercicio muscular y el mínimo de esfuerzo físico.","comet_qe":0.8224633932113647,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This tends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at the same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation.","tgt":"Esto tiende hacia la conservación de la energía, y produce y mantiene, al mismo tiempo, una uniformidad de la presión arterial y la circulación.","comet_qe":0.856382429599762,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The movements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps which is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and support the arch of the foot.","tgt":"Los movimientos también requieren un ejercicio constante de los tobillos y los empeines que es muy fortalecedor para esas partes, y no puede dejar de elevar y sostener el arco del pie.","comet_qe":0.7299172282218933,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Taken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of the social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which are now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely refining influence of the action.","tgt":"Tomado desde cualquier punto de vista, el Bostón es una de las formas más dignas del baile social jamás ideadas, y las distorsiones de posición que ahora se practican ocasionalmente deben ceder pronto a la genuina influencia refinadora de la acción.","comet_qe":0.8009411096572876,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond the description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated in the following pages.","tgt":"De las varias formas del Bostón, hay poco que decir más allá de la descripción de la manera de su ejecución, que se tratará en las siguientes páginas.","comet_qe":0.7279179692268372,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete understanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further the proper appreciation of it.","tgt":"Se espera que este libro ayude hacia una comprensión más completa de las bellezas y atractivos del Bostón, y promueva la debida apreciación de él.","comet_qe":0.8745083808898926,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's part.","tgt":"_Todas las descripciones de bailes dadas en este libro se refieren a la parte de la dama.","comet_qe":0.8444690704345703,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._","tgt":"La del caballero es exactamente la misma, pero en el movimiento contrario._","comet_qe":0.7933378219604492,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE LONG BOSTON","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN LARGO","comet_qe":0.6959115266799927,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is commonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms and variations.","tgt":"La forma ordinaria del Bostón descrita en las páginas anteriores es comúnmente conocida como el \"Bostón\" Largo para distinguirlo de otras formas y variaciones.","comet_qe":0.8453319072723389,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and at any tempo desired.","tgt":"Se baila en tiempo de 3/4, ya sea Vals o Mazurka, y a cualquier tempo deseado.","comet_qe":0.8007957339286804,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it should be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.","tgt":"Ya que esta es la forma fundamental del Bostón, debe adquirirse completamente antes de emprender cualquier otra.","comet_qe":0.7004698514938354,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE SHORT BOSTON","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN CORTO","comet_qe":0.7533022165298462,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure.","tgt":"El \"Bostón\" Corto difiere del \"Bostón\" Largo solo en la medida.","comet_qe":0.8533200025558472,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is danced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time) occupies the duration of a quarter-note.","tgt":"Se baila en tiempo de 2/4 o 6/8, y el primer movimiento (en tiempo de 2/4) ocupa la duración de una negra.","comet_qe":0.5498310327529907,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The second and third movements each occupy the duration of an eighth-note.","tgt":"El segundo y tercer movimientos ocupan cada uno la duración de una corchea.","comet_qe":0.4871607720851898,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus, there exists between the \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the Waltz and the Galop.","tgt":"Así, existe entre el \"Bostón\" Largo y el \"Bostón\" Corto la misma diferencia que entre el Vals y el Galop.","comet_qe":0.7953829765319824,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the rising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take the form of a hop or skip.","tgt":"En las formas más rápidas del \"Bostón\" Corto, el levantamiento y el hundimiento en el segundo y tercer movimientos naturalmente toman la forma de un salto o un brinco.","comet_qe":0.7698702216148376,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The dance is more enjoyable and less fatiguing in moderate tempo.","tgt":"El baile es más agradable y menos fatigante en tempo moderado.","comet_qe":0.873859167098999,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE OPEN BOSTON","tgt":"EL BOSTÓN ABIERTO","comet_qe":0.8195642828941345,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each.","tgt":"El \"Bostón\" Abierto contiene dos partes de ocho medidas cada una.","comet_qe":0.7064058780670166,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The first part is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages 8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\" Boston.","tgt":"La primera parte se baila en las posiciones mostradas en las ilustraciones que enfrentan las páginas 8 y 10, y la segunda parte consiste en 8 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo.","comet_qe":0.7131945490837097,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward, without turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to face directly backward (1/2 turn).","tgt":"En la primera parte, los bailarines ejecutan tres pasos de Bostón hacia adelante, sin girar, y un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) para enfrentar directamente hacia atrás (medio giro).","comet_qe":0.7319865226745605,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"4 measures.","tgt":"4 medidas.","comet_qe":0.7731449604034424,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the position shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one Boston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz Position for the execution of the second part.","tgt":"Esto es seguido por tres pasos de Bostón hacia atrás (sin girar) en la posición mostrada en la ilustración que enfrenta la página 10, seguido de un paso de Bostón girando (hacia el pareja) y terminando en la Posición de Vals regular para la ejecución de la segunda parte.","comet_qe":0.7697067260742188,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON DIP","tgt":"LA INCLINACIÓN DEL BOSTÓN","comet_qe":0.7140371799468994,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4 measures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:","tgt":"La \"Inclinación\" es un baile combinado en tiempo de 3/4 o 3/8, y contiene 4 medidas del \"Bostón\" Largo, precedido por 4 medidas, como sigue:","comet_qe":0.6101700663566589,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Standing upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the weight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in front of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2); lower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original place where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across in front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the left heel (count 6).","tgt":"De pie sobre el pie izquierdo, dar un paso directamente hacia el lado, y transferir el peso al pie derecho (tiempo 1); balancear la pierna izquierda a la derecha delante de la derecha, al mismo tiempo levantando el talón derecho (tiempo 2); bajar el talón derecho (tiempo 3); devolver el pie izquierdo a su lugar original donde recibe el peso (tiempo 4); balancear la pierna derecha cruzando delante de la izquierda, levantando el talón izquierdo (tiempo 5); y bajar el talón izquierdo (tiempo 6).","comet_qe":0.8256475925445557,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"2 measures.","tgt":"2 medidas.","comet_qe":0.680290937423706,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Swing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side of the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across in front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down the left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it (count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and finish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives the weight (count 6).","tgt":"Balancear el pie derecho hacia la derecha, y colocarlo directamente al lado del izquierdo (tiempo 1); saltar sobre el pie derecho y balancear el izquierdo cruzando delante (tiempo 2); caer hacia atrás sobre el pie derecho (tiempo 3); colocar el pie izquierdo, cruzando delante del derecho, y transferir el peso a él (tiempo 4); con el pie derecho dar un paso entero hacia la derecha (tiempo 5); y terminar trayendo el pie izquierdo contra el derecho, donde recibe el peso (tiempo 6).","comet_qe":0.7885973453521729,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"2 measures.","tgt":"2 medidas.","comet_qe":0.680290937423706,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the movement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly coincide with the third count of the music.","tgt":"Al ejecutar el salto en los tiempos 2 y 3 de la tercera medida, el movimiento debe retrasarse tanto que la caída hacia atrás coincida exactamente con el tercer tiempo de la música.","comet_qe":0.7486891746520996,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE TURKEY TROT","tgt":"EL TURKEY TROT","comet_qe":0.7456215620040894,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._","tgt":"_Preparación: Posición Lateral del Vals._","comet_qe":0.739206075668335,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"During the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning (lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee, stretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as shown in the illustration opposite.","tgt":"Durante las primeras cuatro medidas, tomar cuatro pasos de Bostón sin girar (dama hacia adelante, caballero hacia atrás), y doblar la rodilla de apoyo, estirar el pie libre hacia atrás, (izquierdo de la dama, derecho del caballero) como se muestra en la ilustración opuesta.","comet_qe":0.7998629808425903,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"4 meas.","tgt":"4 medidas.","comet_qe":0.4980945289134979,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Repeat in opposite direction.","tgt":"Repetir en dirección opuesta.","comet_qe":0.8496564626693726,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"4 meas.","tgt":"4 medidas.","comet_qe":0.4980945289134979,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Execute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left) swaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and pointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.","tgt":"Ejecutar cuatro pasos de arrastre hacia el lado (derecho de la dama, izquierdo del caballero) balanceando los hombros y el cuerpo en la dirección del pie arrastrado, y señalando con el pie libre en el cuarto, como se muestra en la figura.","comet_qe":0.7442952394485474,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"4 meas.","tgt":"4 medidas.","comet_qe":0.4980945289134979,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Repeat in opposite direction.","tgt":"Repetir en dirección opuesta.","comet_qe":0.8496564626693726,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"4 meas.","tgt":"4 medidas.","comet_qe":0.4980945289134979,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Eight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step.","tgt":"Ocho giros completos, Bostón Corto o Dos-Pasos.","comet_qe":0.6779270172119141,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"16 meas.","tgt":"16 medidas.","comet_qe":0.528031587600708,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Repeat at will.","tgt":"Repetir a voluntad.","comet_qe":0.7742773294448853,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"* * * * *","tgt":"* * * * *","comet_qe":0.7761257290840149,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by J. Monroe.","tgt":"Un excelente ejemplo para este baile se encontrará en \"The Gobbler\" de J. Monroe.","comet_qe":0.8553009033203125,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE AEROPLANE GLIDE","tgt":"EL GLIDE DEL AVIÓN","comet_qe":0.8413537740707397,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip.","tgt":"El \"Glide del Avión\" es muy similar a la Inclinación del Bostón.","comet_qe":0.7044234275817871,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It is supposed to represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its name from that fact.","tgt":"Se supone que representa el inicio del vuelo de un avión, y deriva su nombre de ese hecho.","comet_qe":0.8788982629776001,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the six running steps which make up the first two measures.","tgt":"La única diferencia entre la \"Inclinación\" y el \"Avión\" consiste en los seis pasos de carrera que componen las primeras dos medidas.","comet_qe":0.6464126110076904,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of these running steps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before and behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure requires special description.","tgt":"De estos pasos de carrera, que se ejecutan lateralmente y con cruces alternos, delante y detrás, solo el cuarto, al principio de la segunda medida, requiere descripción especial.","comet_qe":0.7844880223274231,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Upon this step, the supporting knee is noticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.","tgt":"En este paso, la rodilla de apoyo está notablemente doblada para coincidir con el acento de la música.","comet_qe":0.7982683181762695,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\".","tgt":"El resto del baile es idéntico a la \"Inclinación\".","comet_qe":0.5567099452018738,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"(See page 25.)","tgt":"(Ver página 25).","comet_qe":0.8716017007827759,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE TANGO","tgt":"EL TANGO","comet_qe":0.8249813318252563,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the peculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends largely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the music as to interpret it by their movements.","tgt":"El Tango es un baile hispanoamericano que contiene gran parte del encanto peculiar de los otros bailes españoles, y su ejecución depende en gran medida de la capacidad de los bailarines para captar el ritmo de la música e interpretarlo con sus movimientos.","comet_qe":0.8807370662689209,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The steps are all simple, and the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.","tgt":"Los pasos son todos simples, y se permite a los bailarines variar o improvisar las figuras a voluntad.","comet_qe":0.8782565593719482,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend themselves most readily to verbal description.","tgt":"De estas figuras, las dos que siguen son las más comunes, y se prestan más fácilmente a la descripción verbal.","comet_qe":0.8743929266929626,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"TANGO No. 1","tgt":"TANGO No. 1","comet_qe":0.8009997606277466,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The partners face one another as in Waltz Position.","tgt":"Los parejas se enfrentan uno al otro como en la Posición de Vals.","comet_qe":0.7526139616966248,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The gentleman takes the lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full extent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand upon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration opposite page 30.","tgt":"El caballero toma la mano derecha de la dama con la suya izquierda, y, estirando los brazos hasta la extensión completa, manteniéndolos a la altura de los hombros, coloca la mano derecha de ella sobre su hombro izquierdo, y la sostiene allí, como en la ilustración opuesta a la página 30.","comet_qe":0.850102424621582,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and steps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows forward with her right.","tgt":"Al comenzar, el caballero echa ligeramente su hombro derecho hacia atrás y da un paso directamente hacia atrás con su pie izquierdo, mientras la dama sigue hacia adelante con el suyo derecho.","comet_qe":0.8646153807640076,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In this manner both continue two steps, crossing one foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same direction.","tgt":"De esta manera, ambos continúan dos pasos, cruzando un pie sobre el otro y luego ejecutan un medio giro en la misma dirección.","comet_qe":0.8023310303688049,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the whole is repeated at will.","tgt":"Esto es seguido por cuatro medidas del Dos-Pasos y todo se repite a voluntad.","comet_qe":0.6408020853996277,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"8 measures.","tgt":"8 medidas.","comet_qe":0.8296531438827515,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"[Illustration]","tgt":"[Illustración]","comet_qe":0.8660550117492676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"TANGO No. 2","tgt":"TANGO No. 2","comet_qe":0.8000645637512207,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1.","tgt":"Esta variante comienza desde la misma posición que el Tango No. 1.","comet_qe":0.8628063797950745,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The gentleman takes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two steps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two steps in the opposite direction to the original position.","tgt":"El caballero da dos pasos hacia atrás con la dama siguiendo hacia adelante, y luego dos pasos hacia el lado (derecho de la dama y izquierdo del caballero) y dos pasos en la dirección opuesta a la posición original.","comet_qe":0.8403182625770569,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"8 measures.","tgt":"8 medidas.","comet_qe":0.8296531438827515,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"These steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as the feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the whole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step.","tgt":"Estos pasos hacia el lado deben marcarse con el balanceo de los cuerpos mientras los pies se juntan en el segundo tiempo de la medida, y todo es seguido por 8 medidas del Dos-Pasos.","comet_qe":0.6396687030792236,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Repeat all as desired.","tgt":"Repetir todo según se desee.","comet_qe":0.7971924543380737,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"IDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"","tgt":"MÚSICA IDEAL PARA EL \"BOSTÓN\"","comet_qe":0.8471578359603882,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"PIANO SOLO","tgt":"SOLO DE PIANO","comet_qe":0.6558759212493896,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)","tgt":"(_También disponible para Orquesta Completa o Pequeña_)","comet_qe":0.8449736833572388,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60","tgt":"EL DESPERTAR DEL AMOR _J. Danglas_ .60","comet_qe":0.8674893975257874,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"ON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60","tgt":"SOBRE LAS ALAS DEL SUEÑO _J. Danglas_ .60","comet_qe":0.8504061698913574,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"FRISSON (Thrill!) _S.","tgt":"FRISÓN (¡Emoción!) _S.","comet_qe":0.7633717656135559,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Sinibaldi_ .50","tgt":"Sinibaldi_ .50","comet_qe":0.8037140965461731,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LOVE'S TRIUMPH _A.","tgt":"EL TRIUNFO DEL AMOR _A.","comet_qe":0.8260602951049805,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Daniele_ .60","tgt":"Daniele_ .60","comet_qe":0.8410937786102295,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"DOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60","tgt":"DOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60","comet_qe":0.5989009141921997,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"VIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60","tgt":"VIENESA _A. Duval_ .60","comet_qe":0.6716024875640869,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"These selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their attractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical flexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"","tgt":"Estos números seleccionados han alcanzado el éxito, no solo por sus atractivos de melodía y rica armonía, sino por su flexibilidad rítmica y su perfecta adaptación al \"Bostón\".","comet_qe":0.837592363357544,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"FOR THE TURKEY TROT","tgt":"PARA EL TURKEY TROT","comet_qe":0.588711142539978,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Especially recommended","tgt":"Especialmente recomendado","comet_qe":0.8405540585517883,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50","tgt":"EL GALLO _J. Monroe_ .50","comet_qe":0.6889098882675171,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Any of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of one-half the list price.","tgt":"Cualquiera de las composiciones anteriores será suministrada al recibir la mitad del precio de lista.","comet_qe":0.8182806968688965,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Postage two cents extra for each copy.","tgt":"Correo dos centavos extra por cada copia.","comet_qe":0.6948612332344055,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"PUBLISHED BY","tgt":"PUBLICADO POR","comet_qe":0.8157848119735718,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.","tgt":"LA COMPAÑÍA MUSICAL DE BOSTÓN 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.","comet_qe":0.8393898606300354,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:","tgt":"NOTAS DEL TRANSCRIBOR:","comet_qe":0.7310160398483276,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.","tgt":"El texto en cursiva está rodeado de guiones bajos: _cursiva_.","comet_qe":0.7249720096588135,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Punctuation has been corrected without note.","tgt":"La puntuación ha sido corregida sin nota.","comet_qe":0.7920715808868408,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:","tgt":"Los errores tipográficos obvios han sido corregidos de la siguiente manera:","comet_qe":0.8994297981262207,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed","tgt":"Página 8: palabra duplicada \"the\" eliminada","comet_qe":0.8063474893569946,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed","tgt":"Página 23: palabra duplicada \"and\" eliminada","comet_qe":0.7932682037353516,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"End of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe ***","tgt":"Fin de los Proyectos Gutenberg de El Fascinante Bostón, de Alfonso Josephs Sheafe","comet_qe":0.7211176156997681,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false}],"segale_error":null,"_ng_task_index":142,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}} +{"responses_create_params":{"background":null,"include":null,"input":[{"content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE VISION\n\nOF\n\nHELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE\n\n\n\n\n\nBY\n\nDANTE ALIGHIERI\n\n\n\nTRANSLATED BY\n\nTHE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** 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译\n\n地狱\n或称神曲·地狱篇\n\n第十部分\n第三十二至三十四歌\n\n第三十二歌\n\n若我能驾驭粗砺而嘶哑的诗句，以配\n那悲苦之穴，其上岩石耸立为坚固的拱座，\n那么想象的泉源便能喷涌而出；\n但我的才力不足以胜任此等格律，\n我怀着战栗的敬畏，触碰这宏大的主题；\n因为要描绘宇宙之深渊，绝非儿戏，\n需要一支不惯于婴孩呓语之舌。\n但请那歌咏的缪斯助我吟唱，\n借她们之力，安菲翁曾筑起底比斯城墙，\n愿我的言辞亦能契合真理。\n唉，命运多舛的族群，\n比世人更为悲惨！你们栖身于\n如此居所，连思想都难以寻得言辞来描述，\n若你们生前是羊群或山羊，倒不如在此。\n当我们站在巨人之足下的黑暗深坑中，\n位置比他们更低，我仍仰望那高耸的壁垒，\n忽有声音对我说道：“小心行走。\n留意，你的脚底不要踩在\n你可怜弟兄们的头上。”\n于是我转身，\n看见脚下和前方有一片湖泊，\n其冻结的表面更像玻璃而非水。\n冬日里，奥地利多瑙河从未\n在其静谧的河面上铺展过如此厚重的冰层，\n更遑论遥远的塔纳伊斯河\n在凛冽的天空之下。\n即便塔贝里尼奇或皮埃特拉帕纳山\n滚落在那冰体之上，\n也绝不会发出碎裂的声响。\n正如青蛙在波上呱呱鸣叫，\n当村姑在梦中继续收割劳作时，\n那些灵魂便如这般，\n在冰中冻得发蓝、蜷缩，\n只露出羞耻之处，\n他们磨着牙齿，发出如鹳鸟般的尖响。\n他们的脸朝下，\n寒冷冻住了他们的嘴，\n他们的眼睛流露出内心的痛苦。\n\n我环顾四周，随后看见\n脚下有两人紧紧相连，\n连他们的头发都交织在一起。\n“告诉我，你们，”我说，“\n你们的心胸如此紧贴，\n你们是谁？”\n听到这话，他们弯下脖子，\n当他们的目光抬起望向我时，\n他们原本湿润的眼中\n立刻涌出泪水，滴落在嘴唇上，\n而冰霜将泪水冻结在眼眶与嘴唇之间。\n木板与木板从未如此紧密地夹紧。\n于是他们像两只愤怒的山羊，\n猛烈地撞击在一起；\n一种狂怒攫住了他们。\n\n其中一人，寒冷已夺去他的双耳，\n仍低头喊道：“你为何在我们身上\n如此长久地沉思？\n若你想认识这两人是谁，\n那比森齐奥河发源的山谷，\n曾拥有他们的父亲阿尔贝托，\n以及他们自己。\n他们同出一体；\n在凯纳（Caina）中你尽可搜寻，\n却找不到比他们更值得\n被冻结在冰中的亡魂，\n甚至不是那被亚瑟王的一击\n同时斩断胸膛与影子的亡魂，\n也不是福卡恰，\n甚至不是这位亡魂，\n他那突出的头颅\n阻挡了我的视线：\n他名叫马斯凯罗尼：\n若你是托斯卡纳人，\n你定知他是谁：\n为免再问，\n请看我的形体，\n那便是卡米乔内。\n我在这里等待\n我的亲戚卡利诺，\n他的深重罪孽\n将洗清我的罪。”\n我随即看见上千张面孔，\n被那锐利而急切的寒冷\n塑成了犬类的狞笑；\n想到这些冻僵的浅滩，\n一股战栗的恐怖便爬上我的心头。\n当我们继续向中心行进，\n那里汇聚了所有沉重的物质，\n我颤抖着穿过这永恒的寒冷，\n不知是意志、命运还是偶然，\n在穿过那些头颅时，\n我的脚猛烈地踢中了其中一人的脸。\n\n“你为何打伤我？”他哭着喊道，\n“除非你是为了蒙塔佩尔蒂之战\n寻求新的报复，否则为何要打扰我？”\n\n我于是说：“导师，请在此等我，\n我要通过他消除我的疑惑。\n此后你愿多快便多快。”\n导师停下脚步，\n我转向那亡魂，\n他仍在愤怒中恶毒地咒骂我。\n“你是什么人，”我说，“\n竟如此辱骂他人？”\n他答道：\n“那你又是什么人，\n竟敢在安托诺拉（Antenora）中\n如此猛烈地击打他人的脸颊，\n仿佛你仍活着时\n那痛苦已无法忍受？”\n\n“我活着，或许会让你高兴，”\n我回答，“若你珍视名声，\n我愿将你的名字与其余人一同记录。”\n\n“你给予的，正是我最不愿得到的，”\n他说，“走吧，别再烦我。\n你在这山谷中很不懂如何奉承。”\n\n于是我抓住他的后脑勺，喊道：\n“说出你的名字，否则一根头发\n也不许留在这里。”\n\n“拔光吧，”他回答，“\n即便如此，我也不会告诉你\n我是谁，\n哪怕你拔我的头一千次。”\n\n我已抓住他的头发，\n扯下了一撮又一撮，\n他像狗一样吠叫，\n眼睛向内凹陷并向下看，\n这时另一个人喊道：\n“博卡，你怎么了？\n你的牙齿啮咬声还不够响，\n竟要直接吠叫吗？\n什么魔鬼折磨你？”\n“现在，”我说，“闭嘴，\n该死的叛徒！\n我要为你带来真实的消息，\n以洗刷你的耻辱。”\n“滚开，”他回答，\n“随你说什么；\n但当你从此处逃脱，\n去谈论那个舌头如此灵巧的人时，\n别忘了：\n他在这里为法国人的黄金而哀哭。\n你可以说：‘我看见了杜埃拉的人，\n那些挨饿的罪人正受煎熬。’\n若有人问你\n还有谁与他们在一起，\n你身旁便是贝恰里亚，\n他的红喉被佛罗伦萨的利斧染红。\n再往前，\n若我没记错，\n索尔达涅里在那里，\n还有加内隆，以及特里巴尔代洛，\n那个在人们熟睡时打开法恩扎城门的人。”\n\n我们已离开他，继续前行，\n这时我看见两个灵魂\n被冰困在一个凹坑中，\n其中一人的头成了另一人的头巾；\n就像面包因饥饿而被吞噬，\n上面那人将他的獠牙\n深深咬进下面那人的大脑，\n就在脊柱连接之处。\n泰丢斯啃咬梅纳利普斯太阳穴的凶狠，\n远不及他啃咬那头骨及其残渣的凶狠。\n\n“你，”我说，“对猎物表现出如此兽性的仇恨，\n让我听听，\n若条件允许，\n若你的怨恨有理，\n知晓你们是谁，\n以及他罪行的性质，\n我便能在上方世界报答你，\n只要我说话时嘴唇尚湿润。”\n\n第三十三歌\n\n那罪人从可怕的饱餐中抬起下颚，\n用他身后被撕碎的头发擦拭嘴唇，\n然后开始说道：\n“顺从你的意愿，我重新唤起\n那无法治愈的悲痛，\n仅一想到它便撕裂我的心，\n在我开口之前。\n但若我所说的话，\n能成为种子，结出\n永恒耻辱的果实，\n加诸于我正啃咬的叛徒身上，\n那么你立刻就会看到我\n既说话又哭泣。\n你是谁，我不知道，\n也不知道你如何来到这下方：\n但听你说话，\n你确是佛罗伦萨人。\n要知道，我在世上是\n乌戈利诺伯爵，\n而那位大主教是鲁杰里。\n为何我与他如此邻近，\n且听我道来。\n由于他恶毒的计谋，\n我信任他，\n结果被俘，\n随后被杀，\n这无需我细说。\n但你未曾听说的，\n即谋杀如何残酷，\n你将听到，\n并知道我是否受了冤屈。\n在那座因我而得名为“饥荒”的牢笼中，\n有一扇小窗，\n其他亡魂仍在此受煎熬，\n透过开口，\n已有数月向我显现，\n当我在恶梦中沉睡，\n那梦揭开了未来的帷幕。\n我想，那梦的主人\n骑着马去追逐瘦狼及其幼崽，\n前往那座阻挡比萨人眺望卢卡的群山。\n兰弗兰基、西松迪和瓜兰迪\n带着瘦削而敏锐的猎犬，\n列队在他前方。\n短途追逐后，\n父亲和儿子们似乎疲惫而落后，\n我想看见\n锋利的獠牙撕裂他们的侧腹。\n当我醒来，\n在黎明之前，\n在睡梦中，\n我听见我的儿子们（他们与我同在）\n哭泣并乞求面包。\n你若想到我的心曾预见到什么\n而不觉痛苦，\n那你真是残忍；\n若现在不觉痛苦，\n为何还要流泪？\n他们已醒来；\n他们惯常送饭的时刻临近，\n每个人的心中因梦境而疑虑，\n我听见\n那可怕的塔楼在出口处被锁住，\n于是我一言不发，\n凝视着儿子们的面容。\n我没有哭：\n内心如石般冰冷。\n他们哭了：\n我的小安塞尔莫喊道：\n“你看得那样！\n父亲，你怎么了？”\n然而，\n我那天没有流泪，\n也没有回答，\n直到第二天夜晚，\n直到另一个太阳\n升起照耀世界。\n当微弱的光线\n照进我们悲惨的囚室，\n我在四张面孔上\n看见了自己的影像，\n我因痛苦而咬紧双唇，\n那些以为我因饥饿而咬的人，\n突然起身喊道：\n“父亲，若你吃我们，\n我们会少受许多痛苦：\n你给了我们\n这身可怜的肉体，\n现在请把它从我们身上剥去。”\n为了不让他们更悲伤，\n我抑制住自己的精神，保持沉默。\n那天和第二天，\n我们都沉默不语。\n啊，坚硬的大地！\n你为何不向我们张开？\n到了第四天，\n杰多在我脚边\n伸展身体倒下，喊道：\n“父亲，你对我毫无帮助！”\n他在那里死去，\n正如你看见我一样，\n我清楚地看见\n另外三个\n在第五天和第六天之间\n一个接一个地倒下：\n\n“因此，我变得盲目，\n摸索着他们所有人，\n并在三天里大声呼唤\n那些已死的人。\n随后，饥饿战胜了悲痛。”\n说完这些，\n\n他再次将牙齿\n咬在那可怜的颅骨上，\n像猛犬咬住骨头\n般坚定而不可动摇。\n啊，比萨！\n所有人民的耻辱，\n你们居住在那美丽的地区，\n那里能听到意大利的声音，\n既然你们的邻居如此迟缓\n不去惩罚，\n卡普拉亚和戈尔戈纳岛\n便应从你们深重的根基上崛起，\n堵塞阿尔诺河的河口，\n让你们城中的每一个灵魂\n都溺死在水中！\n即使名声传说\n你们的城堡是被乌戈利诺出卖的，\n你们也无权\n将他的孩子们置于酷刑之下。\n对于他们，\n布里加塔、乌加乔内，\n以及我那歌中提及的\n两位温良的子女，\n你们这现代的底比斯啊！\n他们嫩弱的年纪，\n使他们无罪可加。\n我们继续前行，\n看见另一些人\n裹在粗糙的冰褶中，\n他们的脚没有朝下，\n而是每个人头朝下。\n\n在那里，哭泣本身不允许哭泣；\n因为悲伤在眼中寻求出口，\n却遇到阻碍，\n转而向内滚动，\n以增加剧烈的痛苦：\n最初的泪水\n成簇悬挂，\n像水晶面罩，\n在眼窝下盛满整个杯盏。\n\n现在，虽然寒冷\n从我脸上带走了\n所有感觉，仿佛变得麻木，\n但我仍觉得\n感到了一丝微风。\n“这风从何而来，”\n我说，“我的导师？\n难道下方\n所有的雾气都已熄灭？”\n“你很快，”\n他回答，\n“你的眼睛将告诉你\n这阵气雨\n从何而来，\n并让你看清原因。”\n\n这时，冰壳中一个哀悼者喊道：\n“啊，如此残酷的灵魂！\n你们已被分配了最远的岗位，\n请从这张脸上\n移开那硬化的冰层，\n让我宣泄\n心中孕育的悲痛，\n哪怕片刻，\n在它再次冻结之前！”\n我于是回答：\n“说出你是谁，\n若你想得到我的帮助；\n若我不能救你，\n愿我下到\n最底层的冰中！”\n\n“我是阿尔贝里戈修士，”\n他回答，\n“我从恶园中\n摘取了果实，\n并在此得到报应，\n我的无花果\n比日期更甜美。”\n“啊！”我喊道，\n“你也死了吗？”\n“我的身体在上方世界\n境况如何，”\n他回答，\n“我完全不知。\n波托梅亚（Ptolomea）拥有这样的特权：\n有时灵魂\n在阿特洛波斯（Atropos）将其分离之前，\n便已坠落至此。\n为了让你更乐意\n擦去覆盖我眼睛的\n冰霜泪滴，\n你要知道，\n那灵魂，\n就在它背叛的那一刻，\n像我一样，\n便将身体交给魔鬼，\n魔鬼随后随意驱使和支配它，\n直到它的时间耗尽；\n它便直坠\n这口井中。\n也许在上方，\n仍有一个幽灵的身体\n显现，\n他在我身后\n在此过冬。\n你若刚来到下方，\n你便认识他。\n自布兰卡·多利亚\n来到这座要塞以来，\n已过去了多年。”\n\n“现在，”我回答，\n“我想你在戏弄我，\n因为布兰卡·多利亚\n从未死去，\n他仍进行着\n人类的一切自然功能，\n吃、喝、睡，\n并穿衣。”\n他于是说：\n“米歇尔·赞凯\n尚未到达\n那由恶爪把守的\n上方壕沟，\n那里粘稠的沥青\n沸腾翻滚，\n当这个人\n用恶魔取代了他，\n在他自己的体内，\n并连同他的一个亲属，\n那人与他一同行骗。\n但现在伸出手，\n睁开我的眼睛。”\n我没有睁开。\n对他而言，\n粗鲁的礼貌才是最好的礼貌。\n\n啊，热那亚人！\n在各方面都邪恶的人，\n满身污秽，\n为何你们不被\n从地球上抹去？\n我在罗马尼亚最黑暗的亡魂中\n发现了你们中的一个，\n就在他行事之后，\n他的灵魂\n此刻正沉入科奇托斯（Cocytus），\n而他的身体\n在地球上似乎\n仍然活着。\n\n第三十四歌\n\n“地狱君主的旗帜\n向我们走来，”\n我的向导说，\n“因此看，\n若你能辨认他。”\n就像当厚重而浓密的云层\n吹拂，或当夜幕\n降临我们的半球时，\n远处看起来\n像一座被狂风\n快速吹转的风车，\n那时我想我看到的\n正是那样的景象。\n为了挡风，\n我立刻躲到\n我的向导身后：\n别无其他藏身之处。\n\n现在我来到了（我怀着恐惧\n让我的诗句记录这奇迹）\n那里所有的灵魂\n都被淹没在下方，\n透明得如同\n透过清澈的玻璃\n看脆弱的茎秆。\n有些人俯卧，\n有些人直立，\n有的脚底朝下，\n有的头朝下，\n有的第三个人\n脸朝脚，\n身体弯曲如弓。\n当我们来到\n我的向导\n希望我看到的\n那个曾经以美丽著称的\n生物所在之处，\n他从我面前走开，\n让我停下。\n\n“看！”\n他喊道，\n“看，迪士（Dis）！\n看，\n你需以力量武装你的心脏之处。”\n\n我那时变得多么冰冷和虚弱，\n读者啊，不要问我！\n因为我无法写下，\n因为言语无法\n告诉你我的状态。\n我既未死，也未活。\n若你心中\n有敏锐的感知，\n请想象\n我当时的感受。\n那掌管悲伤之国的皇帝，\n从冰中\n露出至胸部，\n就我的身材而言，\n我比巨人更像巨人，\n在巨人的臂膀中。\n现在想想，\n那整体该有多大，\n才能与这样的一部分相称。\n若他像现在这样丑陋，\n却仍敢\n怒视造物主，\n那么\n我们所有的痛苦\n便都源于他。\n啊，多么可怕的景象！\n当我看见\n他头上有三张脸时，\n显得多么奇异：\n一张在前，\n呈朱红色，\n另外两张\n与这张\n在每只肩膀的中部\n和头顶相连；\n右边的脸\n在苍白与黄色之间；\n左边的脸\n看去，\n就像尼罗河\n从上游\n俯冲到低地时\n的颜色。\n每张脸下\n伸出两只巨大的翅膀，\n如此巨大，\n符合\n如此庞大的鸟类。\n我从未见过\n在广阔海面上\n展开的帆\n如此之大。\n它们没有羽毛，\n而是像蝙蝠的质地，\n他在空中\n扇动这些翅膀，\n从他那里\n仍吹出三股风，\n科奇托斯\n因此冻结至深处。\n他有六只眼睛，\n泪水\n顺着三张下巴\n流下，\n带着带血的泡沫。\n每张嘴里，\n他咀嚼着一个罪人，\n像被沉重的机器\n压碎一样，\n因此三个人\n以这种方式受折磨。\n但比起\n那啃咬，\n更剧烈的痛苦\n来自那凶猛的撕裂，\n以至于\n背部\n常常被剥去\n所有的皮肤。\n“那个上部的灵魂，”\n我的向导说，\n“遭受着更重的惩罚，\n是犹大，\n他的头在里面，\n脚在外面。\n另外两个，\n头在下面，\n从浑浊的下颚\n垂下的是布鲁图斯：\n看，他如何扭动，\n却一言不发！\n另一个是卡西乌斯，\n看起来\n肢体如此庞大。\n但夜已重新升起，\n是时候分别了。\n一切已看尽。”\n\n我搂住他的脖子，\n正如他所吩咐；\n他注意着时间和地点，\n当翅膀\n充分张开时，\n他紧紧抓住\n毛茸茸的两侧，\n从一层\n到另一层\n向下迈步，\n在厚实的毛皮\n和参差不齐的冰层之间。\n\n一旦他到达\n大腿\n在臀部隆起处\n转折的点，\n我的导师在那里\n痛苦而艰难地\n转动他的头，\n那里原本是他的脚，\n并抓住毛皮，\n就像一个人攀爬，\n我想我们\n又转向了地狱。\n\n“期待吧，”\n导师喘息着说，\n“像这样陡峭的阶梯，\n我们必须\n离开如此极端的邪恶。”\n然后，\n从岩石的开口处出来，\n他把我放在\n一个边缘坐下，\n然后\n谨慎地\n走到我身旁。\n我抬起眼睛，\n以为我会看到\n卢西弗（Lucifer）\n在他刚才被留下的地方，\n但我现在看见\n他双腿朝上。\n让那些\n看不清\n我经过的\n那个点的人\n想想，\n那时\n沉重的劳苦\n是否压迫着我。\n\n“起来，”\n我的导师喊道，\n“站起来。\n路很长，\n而且道路非常崎岖；\n现在，\n在正午过后\n一个半小时，\n太阳将返回。”\n我们站立的地方\n不是\n高大而明亮的宫殿大厅，\n而是\n自然的牢狱，\n那里\n footing 不稳，\n光线\n稀少。\n“在我\n从深渊\n分离之前，”\n我站起来后开始说，\n“我的导师！\n请赐我几句话，\n让我摆脱\n错误的奴役。\n冰现在在哪里？\n他为何\n以这样倒置的姿态站立？\n以及\n从傍晚到清晨\n在如此短暂的空间里，\n太阳\n如何完成了\n它的运行？”\n他简短地\n回答：\n“你以为你仍在\n中心的另一侧，\n那里我抓住\n那憎恶的蠕虫，\n它贯穿世界。\n只要我\n向下走，\n你便在另一侧；\n当我转身时，\n你已越过\n那个点，\n所有沉重的物质\n从四面八方\n都被拖向那里。\n你现在已到达\n与那个半球\n相对的另一半球之下，\n那个半球\n被大陆覆盖，\n在那穹顶之下，\n那个\n无罪出生\n并如此生活的人\n死去。\n你的脚\n踩在最小的球体上，\n它的另一面\n是犹地亚（Judecca）。\n这里\n早晨升起，\n当那里\n傍晚落下；\n而那\n毛茸茸的毛皮\n被攀爬过的，\n仍像最初一样\n固定不动。\n他\n从天堂\n坠落\n在这部分；\n而地球，\n这里突出在前，\n因恐惧他\n用海洋\n遮住了自己，\n并退回到\n我们的半球。\n也许\n为了避开他，\n这里留下的\n空旷空间\n是由\n这边出现的\n陆地\n所留下的，\n它\n远离了这里。”\n在下方\n有一个地方，\n距离贝尔泽布布（Belzebub）\n如同\n拱形的坟墓\n延伸的距离，\n它未被肉眼发现，\n而是被\n溪流的声音\n所揭示，\n那溪流\n沿着\n岩石的凹陷\n蜿蜒而下，\n岩石\n以\n非陡峭的\n路径\n蜿蜒，\n波浪\n侵蚀了它。\n通过那条\n隐蔽的路，\n我的向导和我\n进入，\n以返回\n美丽的世界：\n我们\n不顾休息，\n他先走，\n我跟随他的脚步，\n直到\n我们眼前\n天堂的美丽光芒\n通过\n洞穴中\n圆形的开口\n显现：\n于是我们\n再次\n看见了\n星辰。\n\n古腾堡项目《地狱的异象》第十部分终，作者：但丁·阿利吉耶里","type":"output_text","logprobs":null}],"role":"assistant","status":"completed","type":"message"}],"parallel_tool_calls":true,"temperature":0.0,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_p":null,"background":null,"conversation":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"prompt_cache_key":null,"reasoning":null,"safety_identifier":null,"service_tier":null,"status":null,"text":null,"top_logprobs":null,"truncation":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":5487,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0},"output_tokens":4752,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":0},"total_tokens":10239},"user":null},"reward":0.5150581796014286,"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE VISION\n\nOF\n\nHELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE\n\n\n\n\n\nBY\n\nDANTE ALIGHIERI\n\n\n\nTRANSLATED BY\n\nTHE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","doc_id":"The-Vision-of-Hell-Part-10-by-Dante-Alighieri","generation":"由大卫·威德格制作\n\n地狱、炼狱与天堂的异象\n\n但丁·阿利吉耶里 著\n\nH.F. 卡里牧师，文学硕士 译\n\n地狱\n或称神曲·地狱篇\n\n第十部分\n第三十二至三十四歌\n\n第三十二歌\n\n若我能驾驭粗砺而嘶哑的诗句，以配\n那悲苦之穴，其上岩石耸立为坚固的拱座，\n那么想象的泉源便能喷涌而出；\n但我的才力不足以胜任此等格律，\n我怀着战栗的敬畏，触碰这宏大的主题；\n因为要描绘宇宙之深渊，绝非儿戏，\n需要一支不惯于婴孩呓语之舌。\n但请那歌咏的缪斯助我吟唱，\n借她们之力，安菲翁曾筑起底比斯城墙，\n愿我的言辞亦能契合真理。\n唉，命运多舛的族群，\n比世人更为悲惨！你们栖身于\n如此居所，连思想都难以寻得言辞来描述，\n若你们生前是羊群或山羊，倒不如在此。\n当我们站在巨人之足下的黑暗深坑中，\n位置比他们更低，我仍仰望那高耸的壁垒，\n忽有声音对我说道：“小心行走。\n留意，你的脚底不要踩在\n你可怜弟兄们的头上。”\n于是我转身，\n看见脚下和前方有一片湖泊，\n其冻结的表面更像玻璃而非水。\n冬日里，奥地利多瑙河从未\n在其静谧的河面上铺展过如此厚重的冰层，\n更遑论遥远的塔纳伊斯河\n在凛冽的天空之下。\n即便塔贝里尼奇或皮埃特拉帕纳山\n滚落在那冰体之上，\n也绝不会发出碎裂的声响。\n正如青蛙在波上呱呱鸣叫，\n当村姑在梦中继续收割劳作时，\n那些灵魂便如这般，\n在冰中冻得发蓝、蜷缩，\n只露出羞耻之处，\n他们磨着牙齿，发出如鹳鸟般的尖响。\n他们的脸朝下，\n寒冷冻住了他们的嘴，\n他们的眼睛流露出内心的痛苦。\n\n我环顾四周，随后看见\n脚下有两人紧紧相连，\n连他们的头发都交织在一起。\n“告诉我，你们，”我说，“\n你们的心胸如此紧贴，\n你们是谁？”\n听到这话，他们弯下脖子，\n当他们的目光抬起望向我时，\n他们原本湿润的眼中\n立刻涌出泪水，滴落在嘴唇上，\n而冰霜将泪水冻结在眼眶与嘴唇之间。\n木板与木板从未如此紧密地夹紧。\n于是他们像两只愤怒的山羊，\n猛烈地撞击在一起；\n一种狂怒攫住了他们。\n\n其中一人，寒冷已夺去他的双耳，\n仍低头喊道：“你为何在我们身上\n如此长久地沉思？\n若你想认识这两人是谁，\n那比森齐奥河发源的山谷，\n曾拥有他们的父亲阿尔贝托，\n以及他们自己。\n他们同出一体；\n在凯纳（Caina）中你尽可搜寻，\n却找不到比他们更值得\n被冻结在冰中的亡魂，\n甚至不是那被亚瑟王的一击\n同时斩断胸膛与影子的亡魂，\n也不是福卡恰，\n甚至不是这位亡魂，\n他那突出的头颅\n阻挡了我的视线：\n他名叫马斯凯罗尼：\n若你是托斯卡纳人，\n你定知他是谁：\n为免再问，\n请看我的形体，\n那便是卡米乔内。\n我在这里等待\n我的亲戚卡利诺，\n他的深重罪孽\n将洗清我的罪。”\n我随即看见上千张面孔，\n被那锐利而急切的寒冷\n塑成了犬类的狞笑；\n想到这些冻僵的浅滩，\n一股战栗的恐怖便爬上我的心头。\n当我们继续向中心行进，\n那里汇聚了所有沉重的物质，\n我颤抖着穿过这永恒的寒冷，\n不知是意志、命运还是偶然，\n在穿过那些头颅时，\n我的脚猛烈地踢中了其中一人的脸。\n\n“你为何打伤我？”他哭着喊道，\n“除非你是为了蒙塔佩尔蒂之战\n寻求新的报复，否则为何要打扰我？”\n\n我于是说：“导师，请在此等我，\n我要通过他消除我的疑惑。\n此后你愿多快便多快。”\n导师停下脚步，\n我转向那亡魂，\n他仍在愤怒中恶毒地咒骂我。\n“你是什么人，”我说，“\n竟如此辱骂他人？”\n他答道：\n“那你又是什么人，\n竟敢在安托诺拉（Antenora）中\n如此猛烈地击打他人的脸颊，\n仿佛你仍活着时\n那痛苦已无法忍受？”\n\n“我活着，或许会让你高兴，”\n我回答，“若你珍视名声，\n我愿将你的名字与其余人一同记录。”\n\n“你给予的，正是我最不愿得到的，”\n他说，“走吧，别再烦我。\n你在这山谷中很不懂如何奉承。”\n\n于是我抓住他的后脑勺，喊道：\n“说出你的名字，否则一根头发\n也不许留在这里。”\n\n“拔光吧，”他回答，“\n即便如此，我也不会告诉你\n我是谁，\n哪怕你拔我的头一千次。”\n\n我已抓住他的头发，\n扯下了一撮又一撮，\n他像狗一样吠叫，\n眼睛向内凹陷并向下看，\n这时另一个人喊道：\n“博卡，你怎么了？\n你的牙齿啮咬声还不够响，\n竟要直接吠叫吗？\n什么魔鬼折磨你？”\n“现在，”我说，“闭嘴，\n该死的叛徒！\n我要为你带来真实的消息，\n以洗刷你的耻辱。”\n“滚开，”他回答，\n“随你说什么；\n但当你从此处逃脱，\n去谈论那个舌头如此灵巧的人时，\n别忘了：\n他在这里为法国人的黄金而哀哭。\n你可以说：‘我看见了杜埃拉的人，\n那些挨饿的罪人正受煎熬。’\n若有人问你\n还有谁与他们在一起，\n你身旁便是贝恰里亚，\n他的红喉被佛罗伦萨的利斧染红。\n再往前，\n若我没记错，\n索尔达涅里在那里，\n还有加内隆，以及特里巴尔代洛，\n那个在人们熟睡时打开法恩扎城门的人。”\n\n我们已离开他，继续前行，\n这时我看见两个灵魂\n被冰困在一个凹坑中，\n其中一人的头成了另一人的头巾；\n就像面包因饥饿而被吞噬，\n上面那人将他的獠牙\n深深咬进下面那人的大脑，\n就在脊柱连接之处。\n泰丢斯啃咬梅纳利普斯太阳穴的凶狠，\n远不及他啃咬那头骨及其残渣的凶狠。\n\n“你，”我说，“对猎物表现出如此兽性的仇恨，\n让我听听，\n若条件允许，\n若你的怨恨有理，\n知晓你们是谁，\n以及他罪行的性质，\n我便能在上方世界报答你，\n只要我说话时嘴唇尚湿润。”\n\n第三十三歌\n\n那罪人从可怕的饱餐中抬起下颚，\n用他身后被撕碎的头发擦拭嘴唇，\n然后开始说道：\n“顺从你的意愿，我重新唤起\n那无法治愈的悲痛，\n仅一想到它便撕裂我的心，\n在我开口之前。\n但若我所说的话，\n能成为种子，结出\n永恒耻辱的果实，\n加诸于我正啃咬的叛徒身上，\n那么你立刻就会看到我\n既说话又哭泣。\n你是谁，我不知道，\n也不知道你如何来到这下方：\n但听你说话，\n你确是佛罗伦萨人。\n要知道，我在世上是\n乌戈利诺伯爵，\n而那位大主教是鲁杰里。\n为何我与他如此邻近，\n且听我道来。\n由于他恶毒的计谋，\n我信任他，\n结果被俘，\n随后被杀，\n这无需我细说。\n但你未曾听说的，\n即谋杀如何残酷，\n你将听到，\n并知道我是否受了冤屈。\n在那座因我而得名为“饥荒”的牢笼中，\n有一扇小窗，\n其他亡魂仍在此受煎熬，\n透过开口，\n已有数月向我显现，\n当我在恶梦中沉睡，\n那梦揭开了未来的帷幕。\n我想，那梦的主人\n骑着马去追逐瘦狼及其幼崽，\n前往那座阻挡比萨人眺望卢卡的群山。\n兰弗兰基、西松迪和瓜兰迪\n带着瘦削而敏锐的猎犬，\n列队在他前方。\n短途追逐后，\n父亲和儿子们似乎疲惫而落后，\n我想看见\n锋利的獠牙撕裂他们的侧腹。\n当我醒来，\n在黎明之前，\n在睡梦中，\n我听见我的儿子们（他们与我同在）\n哭泣并乞求面包。\n你若想到我的心曾预见到什么\n而不觉痛苦，\n那你真是残忍；\n若现在不觉痛苦，\n为何还要流泪？\n他们已醒来；\n他们惯常送饭的时刻临近，\n每个人的心中因梦境而疑虑，\n我听见\n那可怕的塔楼在出口处被锁住，\n于是我一言不发，\n凝视着儿子们的面容。\n我没有哭：\n内心如石般冰冷。\n他们哭了：\n我的小安塞尔莫喊道：\n“你看得那样！\n父亲，你怎么了？”\n然而，\n我那天没有流泪，\n也没有回答，\n直到第二天夜晚，\n直到另一个太阳\n升起照耀世界。\n当微弱的光线\n照进我们悲惨的囚室，\n我在四张面孔上\n看见了自己的影像，\n我因痛苦而咬紧双唇，\n那些以为我因饥饿而咬的人，\n突然起身喊道：\n“父亲，若你吃我们，\n我们会少受许多痛苦：\n你给了我们\n这身可怜的肉体，\n现在请把它从我们身上剥去。”\n为了不让他们更悲伤，\n我抑制住自己的精神，保持沉默。\n那天和第二天，\n我们都沉默不语。\n啊，坚硬的大地！\n你为何不向我们张开？\n到了第四天，\n杰多在我脚边\n伸展身体倒下，喊道：\n“父亲，你对我毫无帮助！”\n他在那里死去，\n正如你看见我一样，\n我清楚地看见\n另外三个\n在第五天和第六天之间\n一个接一个地倒下：\n\n“因此，我变得盲目，\n摸索着他们所有人，\n并在三天里大声呼唤\n那些已死的人。\n随后，饥饿战胜了悲痛。”\n说完这些，\n\n他再次将牙齿\n咬在那可怜的颅骨上，\n像猛犬咬住骨头\n般坚定而不可动摇。\n啊，比萨！\n所有人民的耻辱，\n你们居住在那美丽的地区，\n那里能听到意大利的声音，\n既然你们的邻居如此迟缓\n不去惩罚，\n卡普拉亚和戈尔戈纳岛\n便应从你们深重的根基上崛起，\n堵塞阿尔诺河的河口，\n让你们城中的每一个灵魂\n都溺死在水中！\n即使名声传说\n你们的城堡是被乌戈利诺出卖的，\n你们也无权\n将他的孩子们置于酷刑之下。\n对于他们，\n布里加塔、乌加乔内，\n以及我那歌中提及的\n两位温良的子女，\n你们这现代的底比斯啊！\n他们嫩弱的年纪，\n使他们无罪可加。\n我们继续前行，\n看见另一些人\n裹在粗糙的冰褶中，\n他们的脚没有朝下，\n而是每个人头朝下。\n\n在那里，哭泣本身不允许哭泣；\n因为悲伤在眼中寻求出口，\n却遇到阻碍，\n转而向内滚动，\n以增加剧烈的痛苦：\n最初的泪水\n成簇悬挂，\n像水晶面罩，\n在眼窝下盛满整个杯盏。\n\n现在，虽然寒冷\n从我脸上带走了\n所有感觉，仿佛变得麻木，\n但我仍觉得\n感到了一丝微风。\n“这风从何而来，”\n我说，“我的导师？\n难道下方\n所有的雾气都已熄灭？”\n“你很快，”\n他回答，\n“你的眼睛将告诉你\n这阵气雨\n从何而来，\n并让你看清原因。”\n\n这时，冰壳中一个哀悼者喊道：\n“啊，如此残酷的灵魂！\n你们已被分配了最远的岗位，\n请从这张脸上\n移开那硬化的冰层，\n让我宣泄\n心中孕育的悲痛，\n哪怕片刻，\n在它再次冻结之前！”\n我于是回答：\n“说出你是谁，\n若你想得到我的帮助；\n若我不能救你，\n愿我下到\n最底层的冰中！”\n\n“我是阿尔贝里戈修士，”\n他回答，\n“我从恶园中\n摘取了果实，\n并在此得到报应，\n我的无花果\n比日期更甜美。”\n“啊！”我喊道，\n“你也死了吗？”\n“我的身体在上方世界\n境况如何，”\n他回答，\n“我完全不知。\n波托梅亚（Ptolomea）拥有这样的特权：\n有时灵魂\n在阿特洛波斯（Atropos）将其分离之前，\n便已坠落至此。\n为了让你更乐意\n擦去覆盖我眼睛的\n冰霜泪滴，\n你要知道，\n那灵魂，\n就在它背叛的那一刻，\n像我一样，\n便将身体交给魔鬼，\n魔鬼随后随意驱使和支配它，\n直到它的时间耗尽；\n它便直坠\n这口井中。\n也许在上方，\n仍有一个幽灵的身体\n显现，\n他在我身后\n在此过冬。\n你若刚来到下方，\n你便认识他。\n自布兰卡·多利亚\n来到这座要塞以来，\n已过去了多年。”\n\n“现在，”我回答，\n“我想你在戏弄我，\n因为布兰卡·多利亚\n从未死去，\n他仍进行着\n人类的一切自然功能，\n吃、喝、睡，\n并穿衣。”\n他于是说：\n“米歇尔·赞凯\n尚未到达\n那由恶爪把守的\n上方壕沟，\n那里粘稠的沥青\n沸腾翻滚，\n当这个人\n用恶魔取代了他，\n在他自己的体内，\n并连同他的一个亲属，\n那人与他一同行骗。\n但现在伸出手，\n睁开我的眼睛。”\n我没有睁开。\n对他而言，\n粗鲁的礼貌才是最好的礼貌。\n\n啊，热那亚人！\n在各方面都邪恶的人，\n满身污秽，\n为何你们不被\n从地球上抹去？\n我在罗马尼亚最黑暗的亡魂中\n发现了你们中的一个，\n就在他行事之后，\n他的灵魂\n此刻正沉入科奇托斯（Cocytus），\n而他的身体\n在地球上似乎\n仍然活着。\n\n第三十四歌\n\n“地狱君主的旗帜\n向我们走来，”\n我的向导说，\n“因此看，\n若你能辨认他。”\n就像当厚重而浓密的云层\n吹拂，或当夜幕\n降临我们的半球时，\n远处看起来\n像一座被狂风\n快速吹转的风车，\n那时我想我看到的\n正是那样的景象。\n为了挡风，\n我立刻躲到\n我的向导身后：\n别无其他藏身之处。\n\n现在我来到了（我怀着恐惧\n让我的诗句记录这奇迹）\n那里所有的灵魂\n都被淹没在下方，\n透明得如同\n透过清澈的玻璃\n看脆弱的茎秆。\n有些人俯卧，\n有些人直立，\n有的脚底朝下，\n有的头朝下，\n有的第三个人\n脸朝脚，\n身体弯曲如弓。\n当我们来到\n我的向导\n希望我看到的\n那个曾经以美丽著称的\n生物所在之处，\n他从我面前走开，\n让我停下。\n\n“看！”\n他喊道，\n“看，迪士（Dis）！\n看，\n你需以力量武装你的心脏之处。”\n\n我那时变得多么冰冷和虚弱，\n读者啊，不要问我！\n因为我无法写下，\n因为言语无法\n告诉你我的状态。\n我既未死，也未活。\n若你心中\n有敏锐的感知，\n请想象\n我当时的感受。\n那掌管悲伤之国的皇帝，\n从冰中\n露出至胸部，\n就我的身材而言，\n我比巨人更像巨人，\n在巨人的臂膀中。\n现在想想，\n那整体该有多大，\n才能与这样的一部分相称。\n若他像现在这样丑陋，\n却仍敢\n怒视造物主，\n那么\n我们所有的痛苦\n便都源于他。\n啊，多么可怕的景象！\n当我看见\n他头上有三张脸时，\n显得多么奇异：\n一张在前，\n呈朱红色，\n另外两张\n与这张\n在每只肩膀的中部\n和头顶相连；\n右边的脸\n在苍白与黄色之间；\n左边的脸\n看去，\n就像尼罗河\n从上游\n俯冲到低地时\n的颜色。\n每张脸下\n伸出两只巨大的翅膀，\n如此巨大，\n符合\n如此庞大的鸟类。\n我从未见过\n在广阔海面上\n展开的帆\n如此之大。\n它们没有羽毛，\n而是像蝙蝠的质地，\n他在空中\n扇动这些翅膀，\n从他那里\n仍吹出三股风，\n科奇托斯\n因此冻结至深处。\n他有六只眼睛，\n泪水\n顺着三张下巴\n流下，\n带着带血的泡沫。\n每张嘴里，\n他咀嚼着一个罪人，\n像被沉重的机器\n压碎一样，\n因此三个人\n以这种方式受折磨。\n但比起\n那啃咬，\n更剧烈的痛苦\n来自那凶猛的撕裂，\n以至于\n背部\n常常被剥去\n所有的皮肤。\n“那个上部的灵魂，”\n我的向导说，\n“遭受着更重的惩罚，\n是犹大，\n他的头在里面，\n脚在外面。\n另外两个，\n头在下面，\n从浑浊的下颚\n垂下的是布鲁图斯：\n看，他如何扭动，\n却一言不发！\n另一个是卡西乌斯，\n看起来\n肢体如此庞大。\n但夜已重新升起，\n是时候分别了。\n一切已看尽。”\n\n我搂住他的脖子，\n正如他所吩咐；\n他注意着时间和地点，\n当翅膀\n充分张开时，\n他紧紧抓住\n毛茸茸的两侧，\n从一层\n到另一层\n向下迈步，\n在厚实的毛皮\n和参差不齐的冰层之间。\n\n一旦他到达\n大腿\n在臀部隆起处\n转折的点，\n我的导师在那里\n痛苦而艰难地\n转动他的头，\n那里原本是他的脚，\n并抓住毛皮，\n就像一个人攀爬，\n我想我们\n又转向了地狱。\n\n“期待吧，”\n导师喘息着说，\n“像这样陡峭的阶梯，\n我们必须\n离开如此极端的邪恶。”\n然后，\n从岩石的开口处出来，\n他把我放在\n一个边缘坐下，\n然后\n谨慎地\n走到我身旁。\n我抬起眼睛，\n以为我会看到\n卢西弗（Lucifer）\n在他刚才被留下的地方，\n但我现在看见\n他双腿朝上。\n让那些\n看不清\n我经过的\n那个点的人\n想想，\n那时\n沉重的劳苦\n是否压迫着我。\n\n“起来，”\n我的导师喊道，\n“站起来。\n路很长，\n而且道路非常崎岖；\n现在，\n在正午过后\n一个半小时，\n太阳将返回。”\n我们站立的地方\n不是\n高大而明亮的宫殿大厅，\n而是\n自然的牢狱，\n那里\n footing 不稳，\n光线\n稀少。\n“在我\n从深渊\n分离之前，”\n我站起来后开始说，\n“我的导师！\n请赐我几句话，\n让我摆脱\n错误的奴役。\n冰现在在哪里？\n他为何\n以这样倒置的姿态站立？\n以及\n从傍晚到清晨\n在如此短暂的空间里，\n太阳\n如何完成了\n它的运行？”\n他简短地\n回答：\n“你以为你仍在\n中心的另一侧，\n那里我抓住\n那憎恶的蠕虫，\n它贯穿世界。\n只要我\n向下走，\n你便在另一侧；\n当我转身时，\n你已越过\n那个点，\n所有沉重的物质\n从四面八方\n都被拖向那里。\n你现在已到达\n与那个半球\n相对的另一半球之下，\n那个半球\n被大陆覆盖，\n在那穹顶之下，\n那个\n无罪出生\n并如此生活的人\n死去。\n你的脚\n踩在最小的球体上，\n它的另一面\n是犹地亚（Judecca）。\n这里\n早晨升起，\n当那里\n傍晚落下；\n而那\n毛茸茸的毛皮\n被攀爬过的，\n仍像最初一样\n固定不动。\n他\n从天堂\n坠落\n在这部分；\n而地球，\n这里突出在前，\n因恐惧他\n用海洋\n遮住了自己，\n并退回到\n我们的半球。\n也许\n为了避开他，\n这里留下的\n空旷空间\n是由\n这边出现的\n陆地\n所留下的，\n它\n远离了这里。”\n在下方\n有一个地方，\n距离贝尔泽布布（Belzebub）\n如同\n拱形的坟墓\n延伸的距离，\n它未被肉眼发现，\n而是被\n溪流的声音\n所揭示，\n那溪流\n沿着\n岩石的凹陷\n蜿蜒而下，\n岩石\n以\n非陡峭的\n路径\n蜿蜒，\n波浪\n侵蚀了它。\n通过那条\n隐蔽的路，\n我的向导和我\n进入，\n以返回\n美丽的世界：\n我们\n不顾休息，\n他先走，\n我跟随他的脚步，\n直到\n我们眼前\n天堂的美丽光芒\n通过\n洞穴中\n圆形的开口\n显现：\n于是我们\n再次\n看见了\n星辰。\n\n古腾堡项目《地狱的异象》第十部分终，作者：但丁·阿利吉耶里","comet_qe":0.5150581796014286,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":523,"misaligned_seg":20,"spans":[{"src":"Produced by David Widger THE VISION OF","tgt":"由大卫·威德格制作","comet_qe":0.6386507749557495,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"HELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE","tgt":"地狱、炼狱与天堂的异象","comet_qe":0.7585359811782837,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"BY DANTE ALIGHIERI TRANSLATED BY","tgt":"但丁·阿利吉耶里 著","comet_qe":0.7007001042366028,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE REV.","tgt":"H.F.","comet_qe":0.33520153164863586,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"H. F. CARY, M.A.","tgt":"卡里牧师,文学硕士 译","comet_qe":0.5072272419929504,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"HELL","tgt":"地狱","comet_qe":0.8487295508384705,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"OR THE INFERNO","tgt":"或称神曲·地狱篇","comet_qe":0.48076966404914856,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Part 10","tgt":"第十部分","comet_qe":0.8432921767234802,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Cantos 32 - 34","tgt":"第三十二至三十四歌","comet_qe":0.8015706539154053,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"CANTO XXXII","tgt":"第三十二歌","comet_qe":0.8253394961357117,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"COULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit","tgt":"若我能驾驭粗砺而嘶哑的诗句，以配","comet_qe":0.48786547780036926,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock His firm abutment rears, then might the vein","tgt":"那悲苦之穴，其上岩石耸立为坚固的拱座，","comet_qe":0.4621567130088806,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of fancy rise full springing: but not mine","tgt":"那么想象的泉源便能喷涌而出；","comet_qe":0.3418222963809967,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Such measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch","tgt":"但我的才力不足以胜任此等格律，","comet_qe":0.3597875237464905,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The mighty theme; for to describe the depth","tgt":"我怀着战栗的敬畏，触碰这宏大的主题；","comet_qe":0.40688735246658325,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of all the universe, is no emprize","tgt":"因为要描绘宇宙之深渊，绝非儿戏，","comet_qe":0.3783048689365387,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd To infant babbling.","tgt":"需要一支不惯于婴孩呓语之舌。","comet_qe":0.4327945411205292,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But let them assist","tgt":"但请那歌咏的缪斯助我吟唱，","comet_qe":0.45573094487190247,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid Amphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth","tgt":"借她们之力，安菲翁曾筑起底比斯城墙，","comet_qe":0.45065179467201233,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My speech shall best accord.","tgt":"愿我的言辞亦能契合真理。","comet_qe":0.594024121761322,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Oh ill-starr'd folk,","tgt":"唉，命运多舛的族群，","comet_qe":0.7221692204475403,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Beyond all others wretched! who abide","tgt":"比世人更为悲惨！你们栖身于","comet_qe":0.47369158267974854,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words","tgt":"如此居所，连思想都难以寻得言辞来描述，","comet_qe":0.577026903629303,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To speak of, better had ye here on earth Been flocks or mountain goats.","tgt":"若你们生前是羊群或山羊，倒不如在此。","comet_qe":0.435161292552948,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As down we stood In the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,","tgt":"当我们站在巨人之足下的黑暗深坑中，","comet_qe":0.6933050155639648,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But lower far than they, and I did gaze","tgt":"位置比他们更低，我仍仰望那高耸的壁垒，","comet_qe":0.6153386831283569,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Still on the lofty battlement, a voice Bespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest.","tgt":"忽有声音对我说道：“小心行走。","comet_qe":0.4815812408924103,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Take Good heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads","tgt":"留意，你的脚底不要踩在","comet_qe":0.4696778655052185,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of thy poor brethren.\"","tgt":"你可怜弟兄们的头上。”","comet_qe":0.5367092490196228,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thereupon I turn'd,","tgt":"于是我转身，","comet_qe":0.8013765811920166,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And saw before and underneath my feet","tgt":"看见脚下和前方有一片湖泊，","comet_qe":0.4815694987773895,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd To glass than water. Not so thick a veil","tgt":"其冻结的表面更像玻璃而非水。","comet_qe":0.49678584933280945,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread","tgt":"冬日里，奥地利多瑙河从未","comet_qe":0.4831327497959137,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"O'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote","tgt":"在其静谧的河面上铺展过如此厚重的冰层，","comet_qe":0.28336068987846375,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Under the chilling sky.","tgt":"更遑论遥远的塔纳伊斯河 在凛冽的天空之下。","comet_qe":0.45453205704689026,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Roll'd o'er that mass Had Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,","tgt":"即便塔贝里尼奇或皮埃特拉帕纳山","comet_qe":0.3038010895252228,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Not e'en its rim had creak'd.","tgt":"滚落在那冰体之上，","comet_qe":0.2934456169605255,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As peeps the frog","tgt":"也绝不会发出碎裂的声响。","comet_qe":0.2656361162662506,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Croaking above the wave, what time in dreams","tgt":"正如青蛙在波上呱呱鸣叫，","comet_qe":0.4288865327835083,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The village gleaner oft pursues her toil,","tgt":"当村姑在梦中继续收割劳作时，","comet_qe":0.5037740468978882,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"So, to where modest shame appears, thus low","tgt":"那些灵魂便如这般，","comet_qe":0.2812284827232361,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Blue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,","tgt":"在冰中冻得发蓝、蜷缩， 只露出羞耻之处，","comet_qe":0.4135032594203949,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Moving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.","tgt":"他们磨着牙齿，发出如鹳鸟般的尖响。","comet_qe":0.779949963092804,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"His face each downward held; their mouth the cold,","tgt":"他们的脸朝下， 寒冷冻住了他们的嘴，","comet_qe":0.5903366804122925,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Their eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.","tgt":"他们的眼睛流露出内心的痛苦。","comet_qe":0.8517100811004639,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A space I look'd around, then at my feet","tgt":"我环顾四周，随后看见","comet_qe":0.44403570890426636,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Saw two so strictly join'd, that of their head","tgt":"脚下有两人紧紧相连，","comet_qe":0.3820113241672516,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The very hairs were mingled.","tgt":"连他们的头发都交织在一起。","comet_qe":0.6157989501953125,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Tell me ye,","tgt":"“告诉我，你们，”我说，“","comet_qe":0.6374173760414124,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,","tgt":"你们的心胸如此紧贴，","comet_qe":0.4586593508720398,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Who are ye?\"","tgt":"你们是谁？”","comet_qe":0.8492835164070129,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At that sound their necks they bent,","tgt":"听到这话，他们弯下脖子，","comet_qe":0.810196042060852,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And when their looks were lifted up to me,","tgt":"当他们的目光抬起望向我时，","comet_qe":0.8243858218193054,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Straightway their eyes, before all moist within,","tgt":"他们原本湿润的眼中","comet_qe":0.38367190957069397,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Distill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound","tgt":"立刻涌出泪水，滴落在嘴唇上，","comet_qe":0.45823684334754944,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.","tgt":"而冰霜将泪水冻结在眼眶与嘴唇之间。","comet_qe":0.47476860880851746,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Plank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up So stoutly.","tgt":"木板与木板从未如此紧密地夹紧。","comet_qe":0.6123746633529663,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whence like two enraged goats","tgt":"于是他们像两只愤怒的山羊，","comet_qe":0.6369310617446899,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.","tgt":"猛烈地撞击在一起； 一种狂怒攫住了他们。","comet_qe":0.69008469581604,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,","tgt":"其中一人，寒冷已夺去他的双耳，","comet_qe":0.6047479510307312,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Exclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us","tgt":"仍低头喊道：“你为何在我们身上","comet_qe":0.5260860919952393,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Dost speculate so long?","tgt":"如此长久地沉思？","comet_qe":0.5935129523277283,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If thou wouldst know","tgt":"若你想认识这两人是谁，","comet_qe":0.6084972620010376,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who are these two, the valley, whence his wave","tgt":"那比森齐奥河发源的山谷，","comet_qe":0.2948268949985504,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Bisenzio s, did for its master own","tgt":"曾拥有他们的父亲阿尔贝托，","comet_qe":0.28256815671920776,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Their sire Alberto, and next him themselves.","tgt":"以及他们自己。","comet_qe":0.38925203680992126,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They from one body issued; and throughout","tgt":"他们同出一体；","comet_qe":0.3921118676662445,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Caina thou mayst search, nor find a shade","tgt":"在凯纳（Caina）中你尽可搜寻，","comet_qe":0.43942466378211975,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"More worthy in congealment to be fix'd,","tgt":"却找不到比他们更值得 被冻结在冰中的亡魂，","comet_qe":0.4087018072605133,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Not him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land","tgt":"甚至不是那被亚瑟王的一击 同时斩断胸膛与影子的亡魂，","comet_qe":0.33042725920677185,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,","tgt":"也不是福卡恰，","comet_qe":0.31818607449531555,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"No not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head","tgt":"甚至不是这位亡魂， 他那突出的头颅","comet_qe":0.45216649770736694,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Obstructs my onward view: he bore the name","tgt":"阻挡了我的视线：","comet_qe":0.465938538312912,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,","tgt":"他名叫马斯凯罗尼： 若你是托斯卡纳人，","comet_qe":0.6846464276313782,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Well knowest who he was: and to cut short","tgt":"你定知他是谁：","comet_qe":0.51643306016922,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All further question, in my form behold","tgt":"为免再问， 请看我的形体，","comet_qe":0.47310104966163635,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"What once was Camiccione.","tgt":"那便是卡米乔内。","comet_qe":0.6703928709030151,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I await","tgt":"我在这里等待","comet_qe":0.8117655515670776,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Carlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt","tgt":"我的亲戚卡利诺， 他的深重罪孽","comet_qe":0.6741248965263367,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Shall wash out mine.\"","tgt":"将洗清我的罪。”","comet_qe":0.7205966711044312,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A thousand visages","tgt":"我随即看见上千张面孔，","comet_qe":0.791693925857544,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold","tgt":"被那锐利而急切的寒冷","comet_qe":0.3398304879665375,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Had shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps","tgt":"塑成了犬类的狞笑；","comet_qe":0.42226171493530273,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"Of those frore shallows.","tgt":"想到这些冻僵的浅滩，","comet_qe":0.6263996958732605,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While we journey'd on","tgt":"一股战栗的恐怖便爬上我的心头。","comet_qe":0.46606048941612244,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Toward the middle, at whose point unites","tgt":"当我们继续向中心行进，","comet_qe":0.45817723870277405,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All heavy substance, and I trembling went","tgt":"那里汇聚了所有沉重的物质，","comet_qe":0.4002733528614044,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Through that eternal chillness, I know not","tgt":"我颤抖着穿过这永恒的寒冷，","comet_qe":0.5051068663597107,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If will it were or destiny, or chance,","tgt":"不知是意志、命运还是偶然，","comet_qe":0.7168253064155579,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike","tgt":"在穿过那些头颅时，","comet_qe":0.36027106642723083,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With violent blow against the face of one.","tgt":"我的脚猛烈地踢中了其中一人的脸。","comet_qe":0.5766838192939758,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,","tgt":"“你为何打伤我？”他哭着喊道，","comet_qe":0.8232567310333252,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge For Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"","tgt":"“除非你是为了蒙塔佩尔蒂之战 寻求新的报复，否则为何要打扰我？”","comet_qe":0.7628819942474365,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,","tgt":"我于是说：“导师，请在此等我，","comet_qe":0.830701470375061,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That I through him may rid me of my doubt.","tgt":"我要通过他消除我的疑惑。","comet_qe":0.7410258054733276,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thenceforth what haste thou wilt.\"","tgt":"此后你愿多快便多快。”","comet_qe":0.7088766098022461,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The teacher paus'd,","tgt":"导师停下脚步，","comet_qe":0.7933512926101685,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And to that shade I spake, who bitterly","tgt":"我转向那亡魂，","comet_qe":0.2943669855594635,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Still curs'd me in his wrath.","tgt":"他仍在愤怒中恶毒地咒骂我。","comet_qe":0.81528639793396,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"What art thou, speak,","tgt":"“你是什么人，”我说，“","comet_qe":0.683086097240448,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That railest thus on others?\"","tgt":"竟如此辱骂他人？”","comet_qe":0.6464096307754517,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He replied:","tgt":"他答道：","comet_qe":0.8666995763778687,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks","tgt":"“那你又是什么人，","comet_qe":0.355115681886673,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Through Antenora roamest, with such force","tgt":"竟敢在安托诺拉（Antenora）中","comet_qe":0.38184356689453125,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"如此猛烈地击打他人的脸颊，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"As were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"","tgt":"仿佛你仍活着时 那痛苦已无法忍受？”","comet_qe":0.44905272126197815,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"","tgt":"“我活着，或许会让你高兴，”","comet_qe":0.8011815547943115,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Was my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,","tgt":"我回答，“若你珍视名声，","comet_qe":0.8008410334587097,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"","tgt":"我愿将你的名字与其余人一同记录。”","comet_qe":0.7210673093795776,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"","tgt":"“你给予的，正是我最不愿得到的，”","comet_qe":0.7277901768684387,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Said he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.","tgt":"他说，“走吧，别再烦我。","comet_qe":0.593699038028717,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ill knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"","tgt":"你在这山谷中很不懂如何奉承。”","comet_qe":0.5596160292625427,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:","tgt":"于是我抓住他的后脑勺，喊道：","comet_qe":0.7279309630393982,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"","tgt":"“说出你的名字，否则一根头发 也不许留在这里。”","comet_qe":0.7949737310409546,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that","tgt":"“拔光吧，”他回答，“","comet_qe":0.4148832857608795,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I will not tell nor show thee who I am,","tgt":"即便如此，我也不会告诉你 我是谁，","comet_qe":0.7405892610549927,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Though at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"","tgt":"哪怕你拔我的头一千次。”","comet_qe":0.4645909368991852,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off","tgt":"我已抓住他的头发，","comet_qe":0.5007289052009583,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"More than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes","tgt":"扯下了一撮又一撮， 他像狗一样吠叫，","comet_qe":0.4671083390712738,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Drawn in and downward, when another cried,","tgt":"眼睛向内凹陷并向下看， 这时另一个人喊道：","comet_qe":0.5852574110031128,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"What ails thee, Bocca?","tgt":"“博卡，你怎么了？","comet_qe":0.8559743165969849,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Sound not loud enough","tgt":"你的牙齿啮咬声还不够响，","comet_qe":0.5701454877853394,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?","tgt":"竟要直接吠叫吗？","comet_qe":0.41800713539123535,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"What devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,","tgt":"什么魔鬼折磨你？” “现在，”我说，“闭嘴，","comet_qe":0.6717593669891357,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Accursed traitor! to thy shame of thee","tgt":"该死的叛徒！","comet_qe":0.6599674224853516,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"我要为你带来真实的消息，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"True tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,","tgt":"以洗刷你的耻辱。” “滚开，”他回答，","comet_qe":0.48653995990753174,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence","tgt":"“随你说什么； 但当你从此处逃脱，","comet_qe":0.6579903364181519,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,","tgt":"去谈论那个舌头如此灵巧的人时，","comet_qe":0.5090919733047485,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Forget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.","tgt":"别忘了： 他在这里为法国人的黄金而哀哭。","comet_qe":0.6416416168212891,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,","tgt":"你可以说：‘我看见了杜埃拉的人，","comet_qe":0.5074735879898071,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where the starv'd sinners pine.'","tgt":"那些挨饿的罪人正受煎熬。’","comet_qe":0.6717252731323242,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If thou be ask'd","tgt":"若有人问你","comet_qe":0.6854585409164429,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"What other shade was with them, at thy side","tgt":"还有谁与他们在一起，","comet_qe":0.43459364771842957,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Is Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd","tgt":"你身旁便是贝恰里亚，","comet_qe":0.32636013627052307,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The biting axe of Florence.","tgt":"他的红喉被佛罗伦萨的利斧染红。","comet_qe":0.558096706867218,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Farther on,","tgt":"再往前，","comet_qe":0.7694448232650757,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,","tgt":"若我没记错，","comet_qe":0.4000561535358429,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him","tgt":"索尔达涅里在那里， 还有加内隆，以及特里巴尔代洛，","comet_qe":0.5603132843971252,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"","tgt":"那个在人们熟睡时打开法恩扎城门的人。”","comet_qe":0.732932448387146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We now had left him, passing on our way,","tgt":"我们已离开他，继续前行，","comet_qe":0.7830214500427246,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When I beheld two spirits by the ice","tgt":"这时我看见两个灵魂","comet_qe":0.5561831593513489,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Pent in one hollow, that the head of one","tgt":"被冰困在一个凹坑中，","comet_qe":0.3888651132583618,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Was cowl unto the other; and as bread","tgt":"其中一人的头成了另一人的头巾；","comet_qe":0.3595554530620575,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Is raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost","tgt":"就像面包因饥饿而被吞噬， 上面那人将他的獠牙","comet_qe":0.28179267048835754,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Did so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,","tgt":"深深咬进下面那人的大脑，","comet_qe":0.4761542081832886,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where the spine joins it.","tgt":"就在脊柱连接之处。","comet_qe":0.6762481927871704,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Not more furiously On Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,","tgt":"泰丢斯啃咬梅纳利普斯太阳穴的凶狠，","comet_qe":0.4392184913158417,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Than on that skull and on its garbage he.","tgt":"远不及他啃咬那头骨及其残渣的凶狠。","comet_qe":0.48464566469192505,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate","tgt":"“你，”我说，“对猎物表现出如此兽性的仇恨，","comet_qe":0.6918219327926636,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I","tgt":"让我听听，","comet_qe":0.278714656829834,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"The cause, on such condition, that if right","tgt":"若条件允许，","comet_qe":0.4045208990573883,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Warrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,","tgt":"若你的怨恨有理， 知晓你们是谁，","comet_qe":0.6074005961418152,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And what the colour of his sinning was,","tgt":"以及他罪行的性质，","comet_qe":0.6687781810760498,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I may repay thee in the world above,","tgt":"我便能在上方世界报答你，","comet_qe":0.7509771585464478,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"","tgt":"只要我说话时嘴唇尚湿润。”","comet_qe":0.46129536628723145,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"CANTO XXXIII","tgt":"第三十三歌","comet_qe":0.8308805227279663,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"HIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,","tgt":"那罪人从可怕的饱餐中抬起下颚，","comet_qe":0.5338799357414246,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,","tgt":"用他身后被撕碎的头发擦拭嘴唇，","comet_qe":0.3658556044101715,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Which he behind had mangled, then began:","tgt":"然后开始说道：","comet_qe":0.3487352728843689,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh","tgt":"“顺从你的意愿，我重新唤起","comet_qe":0.6092908382415771,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Sorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings","tgt":"那无法治愈的悲痛， 仅一想到它便撕裂我的心，","comet_qe":0.7190020084381104,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My heart, or ere I tell on't.","tgt":"在我开口之前。","comet_qe":0.30551499128341675,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But if words,","tgt":"但若我所说的话，","comet_qe":0.5859696865081787,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That I may utter, shall prove seed to bear","tgt":"能成为种子，结出","comet_qe":0.3528202474117279,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Fruit of eternal infamy to him,","tgt":"永恒耻辱的果实，","comet_qe":0.701507568359375,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once","tgt":"加诸于我正啃咬的叛徒身上，","comet_qe":0.45838990807533264,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Shalt see me speak and weep.","tgt":"那么你立刻就会看到我 既说话又哭泣。","comet_qe":0.7871024012565613,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who thou mayst be","tgt":"你是谁，我不知道，","comet_qe":0.5823972225189209,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I know not, nor how here below art come:","tgt":"也不知道你如何来到这下方：","comet_qe":0.566190242767334,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But Florentine thou seemest of a truth,","tgt":"但听你说话，","comet_qe":0.31571924686431885,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When I do hear thee.","tgt":"你确是佛罗伦萨人。","comet_qe":0.2897207736968994,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Know I was on earth","tgt":"要知道，我在世上是","comet_qe":0.5029749870300293,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Count Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he","tgt":"乌戈利诺伯爵，","comet_qe":0.4534192979335785,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ruggieri.","tgt":"而那位大主教是鲁杰里。","comet_qe":0.7056661248207092,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Why I neighbour him so close,","tgt":"为何我与他如此邻近，","comet_qe":0.8377546668052673,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now list.","tgt":"且听我道来。","comet_qe":0.6252096891403198,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That through effect of his ill thoughts","tgt":"由于他恶毒的计谋，","comet_qe":0.6252157092094421,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In him my trust reposing, I was ta'en","tgt":"我信任他， 结果被俘，","comet_qe":0.6924265623092651,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And after murder'd, need is not I tell.","tgt":"随后被杀， 这无需我细说。","comet_qe":0.6293601393699646,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"What therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,","tgt":"但你未曾听说的， 即谋杀如何残酷，","comet_qe":0.45434945821762085,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,","tgt":"你将听到，","comet_qe":0.3405817449092865,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And know if he have wrong'd me.","tgt":"并知道我是否受了冤屈。","comet_qe":0.6118773221969604,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A small grate","tgt":"在那座因我而得名为“饥荒”的牢笼中，","comet_qe":0.2883063852787018,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Within that mew, which for my sake the name","tgt":"有一扇小窗，","comet_qe":0.29074326157569885,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of famine bears, where others yet must pine,","tgt":"其他亡魂仍在此受煎熬，","comet_qe":0.5139909982681274,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Already through its opening sev'ral moons","tgt":"透过开口，","comet_qe":0.28751036524772644,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Had shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,","tgt":"已有数月向我显现， 当我在恶梦中沉睡，","comet_qe":0.5065972805023193,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That from the future tore the curtain off.","tgt":"那梦揭开了未来的帷幕。","comet_qe":0.5218614935874939,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This one, methought, as master of the sport,","tgt":"我想，那梦的主人","comet_qe":0.3666546940803528,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Rode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps","tgt":"骑着马去追逐瘦狼及其幼崽，","comet_qe":0.6959165334701538,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Unto the mountain, which forbids the sight","tgt":"前往那座阻挡比萨人眺望卢卡的群山。","comet_qe":0.5192457437515259,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of Lucca to the Pisan.","tgt":"兰弗兰基、西松迪和瓜兰迪","comet_qe":0.3183934986591339,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With lean brachs","tgt":"带着瘦削而敏锐的猎犬，","comet_qe":0.39273086190223694,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Inquisitive and keen, before him rang'd","tgt":"列队在他前方。","comet_qe":0.2749725878238678,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Lanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.","tgt":"短途追逐后，","comet_qe":0.20773473381996155,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After short course the father and the sons Seem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw","tgt":"父亲和儿子们似乎疲惫而落后，","comet_qe":0.4505707919597626,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The sharp tusks gore their sides.","tgt":"我想看见 锋利的獠牙撕裂他们的侧腹。","comet_qe":0.6382652521133423,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When I awoke","tgt":"当我醒来，","comet_qe":0.771666407585144,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Before the dawn, amid their sleep I heard My sons (for they were with me) weep and ask","tgt":"在黎明之前， 在睡梦中， 我听见我的儿子们（他们与我同在） 哭泣并乞求面包。","comet_qe":0.7509781122207642,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For bread.","tgt":"你若想到我的心曾预见到什么","comet_qe":0.29039424657821655,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Right cruel art thou, if no pang","tgt":"而不觉痛苦，","comet_qe":0.33606263995170593,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;","tgt":"那你真是残忍；","comet_qe":0.2899009585380554,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And if not now, why use thy tears to flow?","tgt":"若现在不觉痛苦， 为何还要流泪？","comet_qe":0.6541262865066528,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now had they waken'd; and the hour drew near","tgt":"他们已醒来；","comet_qe":0.42483454942703247,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When they were wont to bring us food; the mind","tgt":"他们惯常送饭的时刻临近，","comet_qe":0.4894568622112274,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of each misgave him through his dream, and I","tgt":"每个人的心中因梦境而疑虑， 我听见","comet_qe":0.4245778024196625,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Heard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up","tgt":"那可怕的塔楼在出口处被锁住，","comet_qe":0.42105013132095337,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word","tgt":"于是我一言不发，","comet_qe":0.3598673343658447,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I look'd upon the visage of my sons.","tgt":"凝视着儿子们的面容。","comet_qe":0.8045790791511536,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I wept not: so all stone I felt within.","tgt":"我没有哭： 内心如石般冰冷。","comet_qe":0.6705669164657593,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:","tgt":"他们哭了： 我的小安塞尔莫喊道：","comet_qe":0.8275911808013916,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Thou lookest so!","tgt":"“你看得那样！","comet_qe":0.5475912690162659,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Father what ails thee?\"","tgt":"父亲，你怎么了？”","comet_qe":0.8477088809013367,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Yet","tgt":"然而，","comet_qe":0.8230453133583069,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day","tgt":"我那天没有流泪，","comet_qe":0.5503904819488525,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Nor the next night, until another sun","tgt":"也没有回答， 直到第二天夜晚， 直到另一个太阳","comet_qe":0.5883023738861084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Came out upon the world.","tgt":"升起照耀世界。","comet_qe":0.6410437822341919,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When a faint beam","tgt":"当微弱的光线","comet_qe":0.5131610035896301,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Had to our doleful prison made its way,","tgt":"照进我们悲惨的囚室，","comet_qe":0.42472752928733826,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And in four countenances I descry'd","tgt":"我在四张面孔上","comet_qe":0.33132538199424744,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The image of my own, on either hand","tgt":"看见了自己的影像，","comet_qe":0.417784720659256,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Through agony I bit, and they who thought","tgt":"我因痛苦而咬紧双唇，","comet_qe":0.457394540309906,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I did it through desire of feeding, rose","tgt":"那些以为我因饥饿而咬的人，","comet_qe":0.3447607159614563,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"O' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve","tgt":"突然起身喊道：","comet_qe":0.31795257329940796,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Far less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st","tgt":"“父亲，若你吃我们， 我们会少受许多痛苦： 你给了我们","comet_qe":0.47043511271476746,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"These weeds of miserable flesh we wear,","tgt":"这身可怜的肉体，","comet_qe":0.5066592693328857,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"'And do thou strip them off from us again.'","tgt":"现在请把它从我们身上剥去。”","comet_qe":0.7077623605728149,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then, not to make them sadder, I kept down","tgt":"为了不让他们更悲伤，","comet_qe":0.5325368046760559,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My spirit in stillness.","tgt":"我抑制住自己的精神，保持沉默。","comet_qe":0.6901600360870361,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That day and the next We all were silent.","tgt":"那天和第二天， 我们都沉默不语。","comet_qe":0.8531129956245422,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ah, obdurate earth!","tgt":"啊，坚硬的大地！","comet_qe":0.76377934217453,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Why open'dst not upon us?","tgt":"你为何不向我们张开？","comet_qe":0.6512510776519775,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When we came","tgt":"到了第四天，","comet_qe":0.4713965356349945,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet","tgt":"杰多在我脚边","comet_qe":0.448204904794693,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Outstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help","tgt":"伸展身体倒下，喊道：","comet_qe":0.34532344341278076,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For me, my father!'","tgt":"“父亲，你对我毫无帮助！”","comet_qe":0.5856372117996216,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There he died, and e'en","tgt":"他在那里死去，","comet_qe":0.5412366390228271,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Plainly as thou seest me, saw I the three","tgt":"正如你看见我一样， 我清楚地看见 另外三个","comet_qe":0.6860994100570679,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Fall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:","tgt":"在第五天和第六天之间 一个接一个地倒下：","comet_qe":0.8094489574432373,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope","tgt":"“因此，我变得盲目，","comet_qe":0.42136526107788086,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Over them all, and for three days aloud","tgt":"摸索着他们所有人， 并在三天里大声呼唤","comet_qe":0.4395792484283447,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Call'd on them who were dead.","tgt":"那些已死的人。","comet_qe":0.4212915003299713,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then fasting got","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"The mastery of grief.\"","tgt":"随后，饥饿战胜了悲痛。”","comet_qe":0.5542728304862976,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus having spoke,","tgt":"说完这些，","comet_qe":0.6530733108520508,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Once more upon the wretched skull his teeth","tgt":"他再次将牙齿 咬在那可怜的颅骨上，","comet_qe":0.6808677911758423,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone","tgt":"像猛犬咬住骨头","comet_qe":0.44367972016334534,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Firm and unyielding.","tgt":"般坚定而不可动摇。","comet_qe":0.6510975360870361,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Oh thou Pisa!","tgt":"啊，比萨！","comet_qe":0.833920955657959,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"shame","tgt":"所有人民的耻辱，","comet_qe":0.5692647695541382,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of all the people, who their dwelling make","tgt":"你们居住在那美丽的地区，","comet_qe":0.3712187111377716,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In that fair region, where th' Italian voice","tgt":"那里能听到意大利的声音，","comet_qe":0.47174757719039917,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Is heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack","tgt":"既然你们的邻居如此迟缓","comet_qe":0.4674477279186249,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To punish, from their deep foundations rise","tgt":"不去惩罚，","comet_qe":0.3290508985519409,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Capraia and Gorgona, and dam up","tgt":"卡普拉亚和戈尔戈纳岛 便应从你们深重的根基上崛起，","comet_qe":0.4186432361602783,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee","tgt":"堵塞阿尔诺河的河口， 让你们城中的每一个灵魂","comet_qe":0.4227427542209625,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"May perish in the waters!","tgt":"都溺死在水中！","comet_qe":0.682649552822113,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"What if fame","tgt":"即使名声传说","comet_qe":0.4263128340244293,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Reported that thy castles were betray'd By Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou","tgt":"你们的城堡是被乌戈利诺出卖的， 你们也无权","comet_qe":0.6332305073738098,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To stretch his children on the rack.","tgt":"将他的孩子们置于酷刑之下。","comet_qe":0.5900977849960327,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For them,","tgt":"对于他们，","comet_qe":0.8019701242446899,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Brigata, Ugaccione, and the pair","tgt":"布里加塔、乌加乔内，","comet_qe":0.5792633295059204,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,","tgt":"以及我那歌中提及的","comet_qe":0.44654038548469543,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Their tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make","tgt":"两位温良的子女， 你们这现代的底比斯啊！ 他们嫩弱的年纪，","comet_qe":0.4565570652484894,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Uncapable of guilt.","tgt":"使他们无罪可加。","comet_qe":0.45412567257881165,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Onward we pass'd,","tgt":"我们继续前行，","comet_qe":0.5696377754211426,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice","tgt":"看见另一些人","comet_qe":0.2925034165382385,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"裹在粗糙的冰褶中，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Not on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.","tgt":"他们的脚没有朝下， 而是每个人头朝下。","comet_qe":0.44482335448265076,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There very weeping suffers not to weep;","tgt":"在那里，哭泣本身不允许哭泣；","comet_qe":0.42142346501350403,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For at their eyes grief seeking passage finds","tgt":"因为悲伤在眼中寻求出口， 却遇到阻碍，","comet_qe":0.48011502623558044,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Impediment, and rolling inward turns","tgt":"转而向内滚动，","comet_qe":0.44392919540405273,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For increase of sharp anguish: the first tears","tgt":"以增加剧烈的痛苦： 最初的泪水","comet_qe":0.6852865219116211,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,","tgt":"成簇悬挂， 像水晶面罩，","comet_qe":0.49949321150779724,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Under the socket brimming all the cup.","tgt":"在眼窝下盛满整个杯盏。","comet_qe":0.4234124422073364,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now though the cold had from my face dislodg'd","tgt":"现在，虽然寒冷 从我脸上带走了","comet_qe":0.4973713755607605,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Each feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd","tgt":"所有感觉，仿佛变得麻木， 但我仍觉得","comet_qe":0.5463126301765442,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Some breath of wind I felt.","tgt":"感到了一丝微风。","comet_qe":0.7562729716300964,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Whence cometh this,\"","tgt":"“这风从何而来，”","comet_qe":0.7744462490081787,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Said I, \"my master?","tgt":"我说，“我的导师？","comet_qe":0.8360774517059326,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Is not here below","tgt":"难道下方","comet_qe":0.357848584651947,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"","tgt":"所有的雾气都已熄灭？” “你很快，”","comet_qe":0.6157420873641968,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence","tgt":"他回答， “你的眼睛将告诉你","comet_qe":0.7079034447669983,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The cause descrying of this airy shower.\"","tgt":"这阵气雨 从何而来， 并让你看清原因。”","comet_qe":0.5362955927848816,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:","tgt":"这时，冰壳中一个哀悼者喊道：","comet_qe":0.7207814455032349,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post","tgt":"“啊，如此残酷的灵魂！","comet_qe":0.46227025985717773,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"你们已被分配了最远的岗位，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hath been assign'd you, from this face remove","tgt":"请从这张脸上","comet_qe":0.2581935226917267,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief","tgt":"移开那硬化的冰层， 让我宣泄","comet_qe":0.619175910949707,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Impregnate at my heart, some little space","tgt":"心中孕育的悲痛， 哪怕片刻，","comet_qe":0.4320625066757202,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ere it congeal again!\"","tgt":"在它再次冻结之前！”","comet_qe":0.6021209955215454,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I thus replied:","tgt":"我于是回答：","comet_qe":0.8498227596282959,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;","tgt":"“说出你是谁， 若你想得到我的帮助；","comet_qe":0.8238546848297119,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And if I extricate thee not, far down","tgt":"若我不能救你，","comet_qe":0.4930899739265442,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As to the lowest ice may I descend!\"","tgt":"愿我下到","comet_qe":0.37403783202171326,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,","tgt":"最底层的冰中！” “我是阿尔贝里戈修士，” 他回答，","comet_qe":0.5691211223602295,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd","tgt":"“我从恶园中","comet_qe":0.3807101547718048,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Its fruitage, and am here repaid, the date","tgt":"摘取了果实， 并在此得到报应， 我的无花果","comet_qe":0.4572679400444031,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"More luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\"","tgt":"比日期更甜美。”","comet_qe":0.31733426451683044,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I exclaim'd,","tgt":"“啊！”我喊道，","comet_qe":0.821613073348999,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft","tgt":"“你也死了吗？” “我的身体在上方世界","comet_qe":0.44008296728134155,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,","tgt":"境况如何，” 他回答，","comet_qe":0.5094286799430847,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"I am right ignorant.","tgt":"“我完全不知。","comet_qe":0.8044527769088745,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Such privilege","tgt":"波托梅亚（Ptolomea）拥有这样的特权：","comet_qe":0.6200597286224365,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul","tgt":"有时灵魂","comet_qe":0.2893275320529938,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Drops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.","tgt":"在阿特洛波斯（Atropos）将其分离之前， 便已坠落至此。","comet_qe":0.5326157212257385,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And that thou mayst wipe out more willingly","tgt":"为了让你更乐意","comet_qe":0.4204465448856354,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,","tgt":"擦去覆盖我眼睛的","comet_qe":0.4365456998348236,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Know that the soul, that moment she betrays,","tgt":"冰霜泪滴， 你要知道， 那灵魂，","comet_qe":0.38267818093299866,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"就在它背叛的那一刻，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"As I did, yields her body to a fiend","tgt":"像我一样， 便将身体交给魔鬼，","comet_qe":0.7006577253341675,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who after moves and governs it at will,","tgt":"魔鬼随后随意驱使和支配它，","comet_qe":0.6626502275466919,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Till all its time be rounded; headlong she","tgt":"直到它的时间耗尽； 它便直坠","comet_qe":0.4899060130119324,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Falls to this cistern.","tgt":"这口井中。","comet_qe":0.4591034948825836,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And perchance above","tgt":"也许在上方，","comet_qe":0.5960360765457153,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Doth yet appear the body of a ghost,","tgt":"仍有一个幽灵的身体","comet_qe":0.4839980900287628,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who here behind me winters.","tgt":"显现， 他在我身后 在此过冬。","comet_qe":0.5002729892730713,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"你若刚来到下方，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Him thou know'st,","tgt":"你便认识他。","comet_qe":0.7291300296783447,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If thou but newly art arriv'd below.","tgt":"自布兰卡·多利亚","comet_qe":0.2402229607105255,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The years are many that have pass'd away,","tgt":"来到这座要塞以来，","comet_qe":0.3846060633659363,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Since to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"","tgt":"已过去了多年。”","comet_qe":0.32743293046951294,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,","tgt":"“现在，”我回答， “我想你在戏弄我，","comet_qe":0.8356847763061523,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"For Branca Doria never yet hath died,","tgt":"因为布兰卡·多利亚 从未死去， 他仍进行着","comet_qe":0.5322769284248352,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But doth all natural functions of a man, Eats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"","tgt":"人类的一切自然功能， 吃、喝、睡， 并穿衣。”","comet_qe":0.6958447694778442,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss","tgt":"他于是说： “米歇尔·赞凯 尚未到达 那由恶爪把守的 上方壕沟，","comet_qe":0.41936174035072327,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch","tgt":"那里粘稠的沥青","comet_qe":0.2562173306941986,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Tenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,","tgt":"沸腾翻滚，","comet_qe":0.29265183210372925,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When this one left a demon in his stead","tgt":"当这个人","comet_qe":0.2822972238063812,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"用恶魔取代了他，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"In his own body, and of one his kin,","tgt":"在他自己的体内， 并连同他的一个亲属，","comet_qe":0.5567837953567505,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who with him treachery wrought.","tgt":"那人与他一同行骗。","comet_qe":0.4496547281742096,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But now put forth","tgt":"但现在伸出手，","comet_qe":0.5458613038063049,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thy hand, and ope mine eyes.\"","tgt":"睁开我的眼睛。”","comet_qe":0.5217043161392212,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I op'd them not.","tgt":"我没有睁开。","comet_qe":0.3412341773509979,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ill manners were best courtesy to him.","tgt":"对他而言， 粗鲁的礼貌才是最好的礼貌。","comet_qe":0.7475200891494751,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ah Genoese! men perverse in every way,","tgt":"啊，热那亚人！","comet_qe":0.42285141348838806,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With every foulness stain'd, why from the earth","tgt":"在各方面都邪恶的人，","comet_qe":0.3379616439342499,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"满身污秽，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Are ye not cancel'd?","tgt":"为何你们不被","comet_qe":0.33063000440597534,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Such an one of yours","tgt":"从地球上抹去？","comet_qe":0.28806835412979126,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I with Romagna's darkest spirit found,","tgt":"我在罗马尼亚最黑暗的亡魂中 发现了你们中的一个，","comet_qe":0.46013978123664856,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As for his doings even now in soul","tgt":"就在他行事之后， 他的灵魂","comet_qe":0.39231881499290466,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Is in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem","tgt":"此刻正沉入科奇托斯（Cocytus），","comet_qe":0.426231324672699,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In body still alive upon the earth.","tgt":"而他的身体 在地球上似乎 仍然活着。","comet_qe":0.5822887420654297,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"CANTO XXXIV","tgt":"第三十四歌","comet_qe":0.8102207183837891,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth","tgt":"“地狱君主的旗帜","comet_qe":0.5149772763252258,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Towards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,","tgt":"向我们走来，” 我的向导说，","comet_qe":0.5800938606262207,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"If thou discern him.\"","tgt":"“因此看， 若你能辨认他。”","comet_qe":0.6161614656448364,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As, when breathes a cloud","tgt":"就像当厚重而浓密的云层","comet_qe":0.382487028837204,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Heavy and dense, or when the shades of night","tgt":"吹拂，或当夜幕","comet_qe":0.4037590026855469,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Fall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far","tgt":"降临我们的半球时， 远处看起来","comet_qe":0.4975784420967102,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,","tgt":"像一座被狂风 快速吹转的风车，","comet_qe":0.7534464597702026,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Such was the fabric then methought I saw,","tgt":"那时我想我看到的 正是那样的景象。","comet_qe":0.599058985710144,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew","tgt":"为了挡风， 我立刻躲到","comet_qe":0.5441173911094666,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Behind my guide: no covert else was there.","tgt":"我的向导身后： 别无其他藏身之处。","comet_qe":0.6923702955245972,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now came I (and with fear I bid my strain","tgt":"现在我来到了（我怀着恐惧 让我的诗句记录这奇迹）","comet_qe":0.4414583742618561,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Record the marvel) where the souls were all","tgt":"那里所有的灵魂","comet_qe":0.380935937166214,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass","tgt":"都被淹没在下方， 透明得如同 透过清澈的玻璃","comet_qe":0.5697539448738098,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Pellucid the frail stem.","tgt":"看脆弱的茎秆。","comet_qe":0.5403379797935486,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Some prone were laid,","tgt":"有些人俯卧，","comet_qe":0.5431764721870422,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Others stood upright, this upon the soles,","tgt":"有些人直立， 有的脚底朝下，","comet_qe":0.6298658847808838,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That on his head, a third with face to feet","tgt":"有的头朝下， 有的第三个人 脸朝脚，","comet_qe":0.47840288281440735,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Arch'd like a bow.","tgt":"身体弯曲如弓。","comet_qe":0.4966382086277008,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When to the point we came,","tgt":"当我们来到","comet_qe":0.43556657433509827,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see","tgt":"我的向导 希望我看到的","comet_qe":0.48813262581825256,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"那个曾经以美丽著称的","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"The creature eminent in beauty once,","tgt":"生物所在之处，","comet_qe":0.3442888557910919,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He from before me stepp'd and made me pause.","tgt":"他从我面前走开， 让我停下。","comet_qe":0.7102053165435791,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,","tgt":"“看！” 他喊道， “看，迪士（Dis）！","comet_qe":0.5378293991088867,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"","tgt":"看， 你需以力量武装你的心脏之处。”","comet_qe":0.6241118907928467,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How frozen and how faint I then became,","tgt":"我那时变得多么冰冷和虚弱，","comet_qe":0.842086672782898,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Ask me not, reader! for I write it not,","tgt":"读者啊，不要问我！ 因为我无法写下，","comet_qe":0.6464520692825317,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Since words would fail to tell thee of my state.","tgt":"因为言语无法 告诉你我的状态。","comet_qe":0.8426123857498169,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I was not dead nor living.","tgt":"我既未死，也未活。","comet_qe":0.8616619110107422,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Think thyself","tgt":"若你心中","comet_qe":0.3755604922771454,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If quick conception work in thee at all,","tgt":"有敏锐的感知，","comet_qe":0.4543934464454651,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How I did feel.","tgt":"请想象 我当时的感受。","comet_qe":0.8284507989883423,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That emperor, who sways","tgt":"那掌管悲伤之国的皇帝，","comet_qe":0.5165400505065918,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice","tgt":"从冰中","comet_qe":0.2980252504348755,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Stood forth; and I in stature am more like","tgt":"露出至胸部，","comet_qe":0.28901612758636475,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A giant, than the giants are in his arms.","tgt":"就我的身材而言， 我比巨人更像巨人， 在巨人的臂膀中。","comet_qe":0.45449623465538025,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Mark now how great that whole must be, which suits","tgt":"现在想想， 那整体该有多大，","comet_qe":0.49211010336875916,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With such a part.","tgt":"才能与这样的一部分相称。","comet_qe":0.40363964438438416,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"If he were beautiful","tgt":"若他像现在这样丑陋，","comet_qe":0.5442274212837219,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As he is hideous now, and yet did dare","tgt":"却仍敢","comet_qe":0.3663960099220276,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To scowl upon his Maker, well from him","tgt":"怒视造物主，","comet_qe":0.3774626851081848,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"May all our mis'ry flow.","tgt":"那么 我们所有的痛苦 便都源于他。","comet_qe":0.5270289778709412,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Oh what a sight!","tgt":"啊，多么可怕的景象！","comet_qe":0.8481974005699158,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy","tgt":"当我看见","comet_qe":0.25812944769859314,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Upon his head three faces: one in front","tgt":"他头上有三张脸时， 显得多么奇异： 一张在前，","comet_qe":0.47717520594596863,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of hue vermilion, th' other two with this","tgt":"呈朱红色， 另外两张 与这张","comet_qe":0.4523712694644928,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Midway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;","tgt":"在每只肩膀的中部 和头顶相连；","comet_qe":0.4720400869846344,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"右边的脸","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"在苍白与黄色之间；","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"The right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left","tgt":"左边的脸","comet_qe":0.23265698552131653,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To look on, such as come from whence old Nile","tgt":"看去， 就像尼罗河 从上游 俯冲到低地时","comet_qe":0.4589093029499054,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Stoops to the lowlands.","tgt":"的颜色。","comet_qe":0.30843883752822876,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Under each shot forth","tgt":"每张脸下","comet_qe":0.27867117524147034,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Two mighty wings, enormous as became","tgt":"伸出两只巨大的翅膀， 如此巨大， 符合","comet_qe":0.48328909277915955,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A bird so vast.","tgt":"如此庞大的鸟类。","comet_qe":0.6603700518608093,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Sails never such I saw","tgt":"我从未见过","comet_qe":0.319479763507843,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Outstretch'd on the wide sea.","tgt":"在广阔海面上 展开的帆 如此之大。","comet_qe":0.44569364190101624,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"No plumes had they,","tgt":"它们没有羽毛，","comet_qe":0.8328164219856262,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But were in texture like a bat, and these","tgt":"而是像蝙蝠的质地，","comet_qe":0.5571908950805664,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still","tgt":"他在空中","comet_qe":0.2310676872730255,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Three winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth","tgt":"扇动这些翅膀， 从他那里 仍吹出三股风， 科奇托斯","comet_qe":0.4019847810268402,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Was frozen.","tgt":"因此冻结至深处。","comet_qe":0.4758855104446411,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At six eyes he wept: the tears","tgt":"他有六只眼睛， 泪水","comet_qe":0.5637345314025879,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Adown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.","tgt":"顺着三张下巴 流下， 带着带血的泡沫。","comet_qe":0.4990539848804474,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd","tgt":"每张嘴里， 他咀嚼着一个罪人， 像被沉重的机器","comet_qe":0.3768657445907593,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Bruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three","tgt":"压碎一样， 因此三个人","comet_qe":0.2954980432987213,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Were in this guise tormented.","tgt":"以这种方式受折磨。","comet_qe":0.6182183623313904,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But far more","tgt":"但比起","comet_qe":0.43484875559806824,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Than from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd","tgt":"那啃咬， 更剧烈的痛苦","comet_qe":0.42034777998924255,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back","tgt":"来自那凶猛的撕裂， 以至于 背部","comet_qe":0.41194161772727966,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Was stript of all its skin.","tgt":"常常被剥去 所有的皮肤。","comet_qe":0.6352580785751343,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"That upper spirit,","tgt":"“那个上部的灵魂，”","comet_qe":0.5763280391693115,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,","tgt":"我的向导说，","comet_qe":0.3756520748138428,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"“遭受着更重的惩罚，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within","tgt":"是犹大，","comet_qe":0.299692302942276,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And plies the feet without.","tgt":"他的头在里面， 脚在外面。","comet_qe":0.3697926700115204,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Of th' other two,","tgt":"另外两个，","comet_qe":0.6393024921417236,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whose heads are under, from the murky jaw","tgt":"头在下面，","comet_qe":0.3334759473800659,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who hangs, is Brutus: lo!","tgt":"从浑浊的下颚 垂下的是布鲁图斯：","comet_qe":0.35525569319725037,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"how he doth writhe","tgt":"看，他如何扭动，","comet_qe":0.6754050254821777,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And speaks not!","tgt":"却一言不发！","comet_qe":0.8069259524345398,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Th' other Cassius, that appears","tgt":"另一个是卡西乌斯， 看起来","comet_qe":0.5623757839202881,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"So large of limb.","tgt":"肢体如此庞大。","comet_qe":0.6695284843444824,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But night now re-ascends,","tgt":"但夜已重新升起，","comet_qe":0.825470507144928,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And it is time for parting.","tgt":"是时候分别了。","comet_qe":0.8390241861343384,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All is seen.\"","tgt":"一切已看尽。”","comet_qe":0.6277172565460205,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;","tgt":"我搂住他的脖子，","comet_qe":0.3976757526397705,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And noting time and place, he, when the wings","tgt":"正如他所吩咐； 他注意着时间和地点， 当翅膀","comet_qe":0.4346882104873657,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Enough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,","tgt":"充分张开时， 他紧紧抓住 毛茸茸的两侧，","comet_qe":0.39618492126464844,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And down from pile to pile descending stepp'd","tgt":"从一层 到另一层","comet_qe":0.40848132967948914,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Between the thick fell and the jagged ice.","tgt":"向下迈步， 在厚实的毛皮 和参差不齐的冰层之间。","comet_qe":0.43425092101097107,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Soon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh","tgt":"一旦他到达 大腿","comet_qe":0.4257606863975525,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"在臀部隆起处","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Upon the swelling of the haunches turns,","tgt":"转折的点，","comet_qe":0.34019148349761963,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My leader there with pain and struggling hard","tgt":"我的导师在那里 痛苦而艰难地","comet_qe":0.5949633121490479,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Turn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,","tgt":"转动他的头，","comet_qe":0.30061203241348267,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,","tgt":"那里原本是他的脚， 并抓住毛皮， 就像一个人攀爬，","comet_qe":0.3537018597126007,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That into hell methought we turn'd again.","tgt":"我想我们 又转向了地狱。","comet_qe":0.49065372347831726,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake","tgt":"“期待吧，”","comet_qe":0.32875171303749084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The teacher, panting like a man forespent,","tgt":"导师喘息着说， “像这样陡峭的阶梯，","comet_qe":0.3988911211490631,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"","tgt":"我们必须 离开如此极端的邪恶。” 然后，","comet_qe":0.7251956462860107,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then at a rocky opening issued forth,","tgt":"从岩石的开口处出来，","comet_qe":0.5692262649536133,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"他把我放在","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"And plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd","tgt":"一个边缘坐下，","comet_qe":0.3033295273780823,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With wary step my side.","tgt":"然后 谨慎地 走到我身旁。","comet_qe":0.6522216796875,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I rais'd mine eyes,","tgt":"我抬起眼睛，","comet_qe":0.8191156387329102,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Believing that I Lucifer should see","tgt":"以为我会看到 卢西弗（Lucifer）","comet_qe":0.5475930571556091,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where he was lately left, but saw him now","tgt":"在他刚才被留下的地方， 但我现在看见","comet_qe":0.46176087856292725,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With legs held upward.","tgt":"他双腿朝上。","comet_qe":0.6937329769134521,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Let the grosser sort,","tgt":"让那些","comet_qe":0.28539207577705383,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Who see not what the point was I had pass'd,","tgt":"看不清 我经过的 那个点的人 想想，","comet_qe":0.5157815217971802,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Bethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.","tgt":"那时 沉重的劳苦 是否压迫着我。","comet_qe":0.6548354625701904,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.","tgt":"“起来，” 我的导师喊道， “站起来。","comet_qe":0.818818211555481,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The way is long, and much uncouth the road;","tgt":"路很长， 而且道路非常崎岖；","comet_qe":0.7498395442962646,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And now within one hour and half of noon","tgt":"现在， 在正午过后 一个半小时，","comet_qe":0.7119236588478088,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The sun returns.\"","tgt":"太阳将返回。”","comet_qe":0.8673497438430786,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was no palace-hall","tgt":"我们站立的地方 不是","comet_qe":0.3808678686618805,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Lofty and luminous wherein we stood,","tgt":"高大而明亮的宫殿大厅，","comet_qe":0.5942459106445312,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But natural dungeon where ill footing was","tgt":"而是 自然的牢狱， 那里 footing 不稳，","comet_qe":0.41947120428085327,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And scant supply of light.","tgt":"光线 稀少。","comet_qe":0.7977057695388794,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"Ere from th' abyss","tgt":"“在我 从深渊","comet_qe":0.4053439199924469,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,","tgt":"分离之前，” 我站起来后开始说，","comet_qe":0.49986255168914795,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"My guide!","tgt":"“我的导师！","comet_qe":0.8512880206108093,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"vouchsafe few words to set me free","tgt":"请赐我几句话， 让我摆脱","comet_qe":0.6945482492446899,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"From error's thralldom.","tgt":"错误的奴役。","comet_qe":0.5320767164230347,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Where is now the ice?","tgt":"冰现在在哪里？","comet_qe":0.8595300316810608,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"How standeth he in posture thus revers'd?","tgt":"他为何 以这样倒置的姿态站立？","comet_qe":0.7906709313392639,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And how from eve to morn in space so brief","tgt":"以及 从傍晚到清晨 在如此短暂的空间里， 太阳 如何完成了","comet_qe":0.4681034982204437,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Hath the sun made his transit?\"","tgt":"它的运行？”","comet_qe":0.3256828784942627,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"He in few","tgt":"他简短地","comet_qe":0.3879365026950836,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still","tgt":"回答： “你以为你仍在","comet_qe":0.6033130288124084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd","tgt":"中心的另一侧， 那里我抓住","comet_qe":0.5051844120025635,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Th' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.","tgt":"那憎恶的蠕虫， 它贯穿世界。","comet_qe":0.6983464956283569,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thou wast on th' other side, so long as I","tgt":"只要我","comet_qe":0.31534644961357117,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"向下走，","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"你便在另一侧；","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Descended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass","tgt":"当我转身时， 你已越过","comet_qe":0.5652891397476196,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd","tgt":"那个点，","comet_qe":0.33106133341789246,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All heavy substance.","tgt":"所有沉重的物质 从四面八方 都被拖向那里。","comet_qe":0.43479111790657043,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thou art now arriv'd","tgt":"你现在已到达","comet_qe":0.8010696768760681,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Under the hemisphere opposed to that,","tgt":"与那个半球 相对的另一半球之下，","comet_qe":0.5596752166748047,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"那个半球","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Which the great continent doth overspread,","tgt":"被大陆覆盖， 在那穹顶之下，","comet_qe":0.4302939176559448,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And underneath whose canopy expir'd","tgt":"那个","comet_qe":0.2285575270652771,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.","tgt":"无罪出生 并如此生活的人 死去。","comet_qe":0.5531635880470276,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,","tgt":"你的脚 踩在最小的球体上，","comet_qe":0.8106790781021118,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whose other aspect is Judecca.","tgt":"它的另一面 是犹地亚（Judecca）。","comet_qe":0.7404781579971313,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Morn","tgt":"这里","comet_qe":0.39823082089424133,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Here rises, when there evening sets: and he,","tgt":"早晨升起， 当那里","comet_qe":0.3253278434276581,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"","tgt":"傍晚落下；","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":true,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,","tgt":"而那 毛茸茸的毛皮 被攀爬过的， 仍像最初一样","comet_qe":0.3311867415904999,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As at the first.","tgt":"固定不动。","comet_qe":0.33128872513771057,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On this part he fell down","tgt":"他","comet_qe":0.3163188099861145,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"From heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,","tgt":"从天堂 坠落 在这部分； 而地球， 这里突出在前，","comet_qe":0.4293571412563324,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Through fear of him did veil her with the sea,","tgt":"因恐惧他 用海洋 遮住了自己，","comet_qe":0.6088833212852478,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"And to our hemisphere retir'd.","tgt":"并退回到 我们的半球。","comet_qe":0.545205295085907,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Perchance","tgt":"也许","comet_qe":0.7770816683769226,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To shun him was the vacant space left here","tgt":"为了避开他， 这里留下的 空旷空间","comet_qe":0.5741540193557739,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By what of firm land on this side appears,","tgt":"是由 这边出现的 陆地 所留下的，","comet_qe":0.4182710349559784,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That sprang aloof.\"","tgt":"它 远离了这里。”","comet_qe":0.4598693251609802,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There is a place beneath,","tgt":"在下方","comet_qe":0.568647027015686,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"From Belzebub as distant, as extends","tgt":"有一个地方， 距离贝尔泽布布（Belzebub） 如同","comet_qe":0.42128294706344604,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,","tgt":"拱形的坟墓 延伸的距离， 它未被肉眼发现，","comet_qe":0.4865652024745941,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"But by the sound of brooklet, that descends","tgt":"而是被 溪流的声音 所揭示， 那溪流","comet_qe":0.39645275473594666,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"This way along the hollow of a rock,","tgt":"沿着 岩石的凹陷 蜿蜒而下， 岩石","comet_qe":0.5409556031227112,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Which, as it winds with no precipitous course,","tgt":"以 非陡峭的 路径 蜿蜒，","comet_qe":0.5575955510139465,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The wave hath eaten.","tgt":"波浪 侵蚀了它。","comet_qe":0.7241403460502625,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By that hidden way","tgt":"通过那条 隐蔽的路，","comet_qe":0.7378562688827515,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"My guide and I did enter, to return","tgt":"我的向导和我 进入， 以返回","comet_qe":0.6566044688224792,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"To the fair world: and heedless of repose","tgt":"美丽的世界： 我们 不顾休息，","comet_qe":0.5162808895111084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We climbed, he first, I following his steps,","tgt":"他先走， 我跟随他的脚步，","comet_qe":0.7460099458694458,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Till on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n","tgt":"直到 我们眼前 天堂的美丽光芒","comet_qe":0.6304423809051514,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Dawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:","tgt":"通过 洞穴中 圆形的开口 显现：","comet_qe":0.5136033296585083,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Thus issuing we again beheld the stars.","tgt":"于是我们 再次 看见了 星辰。","comet_qe":0.7152329683303833,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"End of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri ***","tgt":"古腾堡项目《地狱的异象》第十部分终，作者：但丁·阿利吉耶里","comet_qe":0.8294097185134888,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false}],"segale_error":null,"_ng_task_index":597,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}} +{"responses_create_params":{"background":null,"include":null,"input":[{"content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** \n","role":"user","type":"message"}],"instructions":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"metadata":null,"model":null,"parallel_tool_calls":true,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"reasoning":null,"service_tier":null,"store":null,"temperature":0.0,"text":null,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_logprobs":null,"top_p":null,"truncation":null,"user":null,"stream":null},"response":{"id":"resp_3a66980b2c1f4ad68f1a87573228b417","created_at":1780006248.0,"error":null,"incomplete_details":null,"instructions":null,"metadata":null,"model":"Qwen3.5-35B-A3B","object":"response","output":[{"id":"msg_94d02431b92d481ca6f905c10f688251","content":[{"annotations":[],"text":"由在线校对团队制作\nhttp://www.pgdp.net（本文件由互联网档案馆/美国图书馆慷慨提供的图像制作而成）\n\n叛乱的最后日子。\n\n纽约第二骑兵队（哈里斯轻骑兵）\n1865 年 4 月 8 日和 9 日\n在阿波马托克斯车站和阿波马托克斯法院\n\n作者\n阿兰森·M·兰多尔\n\n美国第一炮兵上校（原纽约第二骑兵上校），志愿军少将（荣誉晋升）\n\n加利福尼亚州，阿尔卡特拉斯岛，\n1886 年。\n\n叛乱的最后日子。\n\n1864 年至 1865 年的冬季，纽约第二骑兵队（哈里斯轻骑兵）驻扎在弗吉尼亚州温彻斯特附近的罗姆尼公路上。阿兰森·M·兰多尔，美国第一炮兵上校，担任该团团长。该团与第一康涅狄格团、第二俄亥俄团和第三新泽西团共同组成了骑兵军第一师第一旅。该师由乔治·A·卡斯特将军指挥；该旅由 A.C.M. 佩宁顿上校指挥，他当时是美国第二炮兵上校，也是第三新泽西骑兵上校。1865 年 2 月 27 日，米里特和卡斯特的师，以及米勒（美国第四炮兵）和伍德鲁夫（美国第二炮兵）的炮兵连，全部在谢里登将军的指挥下，离开了温彻斯特及其周边的冬季营地。在取得一系列辉煌的胜利、无与伦比的行军和好运之后，他们于 3 月 27 日在彼得斯堡前线与波托马克军团会合。纽约第二骑兵队在这场伟大而成功的突袭中，分享了大量的荣耀与苦难。在五岔口、深溪和塞勒斯溪，该团不仅保持了其英勇和值得称颂的记录，还进一步增添了其盛名。在 4 月 8 日阿波马托克斯车站那场温和而欢愉的交锋中，它达到了荣耀的巅峰，并以其大胆的行动触及了名声的顶峰。在那一天，它展现了惊人的英勇，取得了与战争中任何单一战役一样富有成果的成功。通过强行突破叛军防线并截断李将军的军队，它极大地促成了次日——即北弗吉尼亚邦联军队投降——的结果。\n\n* * * * *\n\n4 月 7 日夜间，我们在布法罗河畔扎营。8 日清晨出发，我们在普罗瑟普特车站跨越了林奇堡铁路，直奔阿波马托克斯车站，预计我们将在此打击，甚至拦截李将军正在撤退、分崩离析的军队。踪迹新鲜，追击热烈。每个人的眼中都洋溢着喜悦，因为大家都感到结局已近，我们衷心希望自己能获得这光荣的机会，给予最后一击。大约中午时分，该团被调离以俘获据称在阿波马托克斯某处渡口的一股敌军。发现了一些数百名敌人，他们无武装、半饥半饿、是掉队者，毫无斗志，于是将他们移交给宪兵队长。该团重新归入纵队，我接到命令，率团向位于纵队前端的卡斯特将军报到。遵照此令报到后，卡斯特将军告诉我，他的侦察兵报告称在阿波马托克斯车站有三列大型列车，装满了供应叛军的物资；他预计在此处附近与米里特的师会合；他的命令是在此等待米里特加入；他自早晨起未收到米里特的消息，并已派军官去联络，但如果半小时内仍未收到消息，他希望我率团夺取列车，并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。谈话间，我们清晰地但微弱地听到了机车的汽笛声，纵队随即向前移动，纽约第二骑兵队位于先头。当我们接近车站时，汽笛声变得越来越清晰，一名侦察兵报告列车正在迅速卸货，且叛军先头部队正穿过阿波马托克斯法院。尽管卡斯特的命令是在接触敌人之前与米里特会合，但这里却是一个给予决定性打击的机会，如果成功，将增添他的声誉和荣耀；如果不成功，米里特很快就会赶来帮他脱困。我们的情绪非常激动，但被克制住了。所有人都看到了截断敌人的极端重要性。又一声汽笛，更近更清晰，另一名侦察兵决定了局势。我接到命令迅速前往阿波马托克斯车站，夺取那里的列车，并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。卡斯特将军骑马来到我身边，把手放在我的肩膀上说：“冲吧，老伙计，别让任何东西阻止你；现在是你扬名立万的机会。鼓舞士气；我会跟在你后面。”该团以慢步离开纵队，速度越来越快，直到我们看到了正准备开走的列车，随即我们欢呼着冲向车站，瞬间俘获了三列列车及其守卫部队。我呼叫工程师和司炉来接管列车，当时我周围至少有十几名士兵主动请缨。我挑选了所需人数，命令列车向后撤退，后来我得知这些列车被奥德将军的军团作为战利品认领。车厢里装满了军需物资，其中一部分已被卸下，叛军先头部队正以此款待自己，当我们出其不意地扑向他们时。\n\n当该团在冲锋后重整旗鼓时，敌人用各种火炮——野战炮和攻城炮——对其进行了猛烈的射击，但由于该团被茂密的树林遮蔽，未受敌人视线，因此造成的损害很小。我立即向卡斯特将军和佩宁顿上校通报了我的胜利，随即向前推进——我的先头部队正在积极进行散兵战——并率领全团以战斗队形骑马跟进。先头部队很快被敌人阻挡，敌人依托在茂密的次生松树林中匆忙构筑的工事进行防御。由于胜利而意气风发，渴望夺取林奇堡公路，沿路有巨大的马车和攻城列车正在快速移动，该团接到命令发起冲锋。三次尝试突破敌军防线，但都失败了。佩宁顿上校率领旅的其他部队到达战场，随后全体发起冲锋，但依然失败。接着，卡斯特率领整个师尝试，但也失败了。冲锋、再冲锋，现在成了命令，但却是零星进行的，缺乏组织且极度混乱。卡斯特将军在这里、那里、无处不在，用欢呼声和咒骂声催促士兵前进。巨大的战利品似乎就在他的掌握之中，失去它似乎令人惋惜；但叛军步兵死死坚守，而我们的四周，他们的炮兵不断喷射出死亡与毁灭。米里特和夜幕正迅速逼近，因此，一旦组织起任何规模的部队，无论多小，都被投入冲锋，结果却是在混乱和损失中溃退。我确信这种作战方式不会带来成功，并担心敌人会转入进攻，而在我们混乱无序的状态下，这必将导致灾难。天黑后不久，我找到卡斯特将军，对他说，如果让他把团集结起来，我可以突破叛军防线。他激动地回答：“别管你的团；抓住你能找到的任何东西，包括牵马人，全部冲过去：我们必须在今晚拿下公路。”根据这一命令，我很快组织起一支部队，主要由纽约第二骑兵队组成，但也包含部分其他团，在黑暗中难以分辨。凭借这支队伍，我沿着一条狭窄的小路发起冲锋，通向一片开阔地，叛军炮兵就部署在那里。当冲锋纵队从树林中冲出时，六盏明亮的灯光突然在我们正前方闪烁。一阵霰弹如龙卷风般扫过我们的头顶，下一瞬间我们已冲入炮兵阵地。防线被突破，敌人溃败。卡斯特率领整个师穿过缺口，蜂拥而至，乘胜追击，既不俘虏也不缴获火炮，直到通往林奇堡的道路——挤满了马车和炮兵——落入我们手中。随后我们急转向右，直奔阿波马托克斯法院；但在到达之前，我们发现了叛军数千个营火，追击因此受阻。敌人已扎营，自以为通往林奇堡的路线依然畅通；他们做梦也没想到我们的骑兵已直接横亘在他们的路径上，直到我们的一些士兵冲进阿波马托克斯法院，不幸的是，纽约第十五骑兵队副团长鲁特上校在那里立即被哨兵击毙。在我们占领道路后，骑兵军的其他师前来支援，但为时已晚，无法参与战斗。\n\n由于夜间攻击，我们的各团混杂在一起，花了数小时才重新整编。整编完成后，我们 marched 靠近火车站并宿营。\n\n那一夜充满了极大的焦虑。我们躺在地上休息，却无法入睡。我们知道步兵正在赶快来支援我们，但如果他们在日出前未能与我们会合，我们的骑兵防线将被击溃，叛军将逃脱，而我们为截断他们通往林奇堡之路所付出的所有艰苦努力都将付诸东流。黎明时分，我被大声的欢呼声唤醒，被告知奥德军团正在迅速赶来，并在我军骑兵后方展开队形。不久后我们上马，向阿波马托克斯法院公路方向移动，那里枪声渐起；但突然我们的方向改变，整个骑兵军以疾驰速度转向我们防线右侧，穿过叛军阵地与我们正在迅速集结的步兵大军之间。当我们沿着步兵前线疾驰而过时，他们以欢呼和喜悦的喊声迎接我们。在多处，我们不得不“穿过”围绕法院的敌军炮火，但这反而增添了场景的紧张感，因为我们感到这是敌人做最后挣扎、强作镇定的垂死努力；我们知道这次我们抓住了他们，北弗吉尼亚那支骄傲的军队终于在我们的掌控之中。当我们以几乎冲锋的速度前进时，突然被投降的消息叫停。谢里登将军及其参谋骑马赶到，随即匆匆赶往法院；但就在他们离开我们之后，一群叛军骑兵向他们开火，同时也向我们开火，我们立即予以还击，很快将其击溃。随后我们列队准备向叛军步兵发起冲锋；但在号角吹响冲锋号时，一名举着白旗的军官从叛军防线中骑马出来，我们随即停住。我们及时停住是幸运的，因为如果我们冲锋，就会被扫入永恒，因为在我们正前方有一条小溪，溪对岸是一个叛军旅，已构筑工事，炮兵就位，火炮已装填双份霰弹。以骑兵冲锋这样强大的阵列，将导致几乎全军覆没。停住后，我们得知正在安排李将军全军投降的初步事宜。听到这个消息，欢呼声接连响起，持续了片刻，随后一切又变得像什么都没发生过一样安静。我与卡斯特和佩宁顿骑马穿过两军之间，遇到了一些前来见我们的旧识叛军。其中，我记得弗吉尼亚的李（吉姆莱特）和北卡罗来纳的考恩。我看到卡德穆斯·威尔科克斯将军就在小溪对面，正像他在西点军校任教官时习惯的那样，低头来回踱步。我向他呼喊，但他毫无反应，只是敌意地瞥了我一眼。\n\n当我们正在讨论投降的可能条款时，李将军身着全套制服，由一名参谋陪同，与格兰特将军的参谋巴布科克将军一起，从法院骑马向我们防线驶来。当他经过我们时，我们都举手脱帽致敬，他优雅地回礼。\n\n当天晚些时候，叛军阵营中响起了响亮而持续的欢呼声，我们的防线随之响应并回声阵阵，直到空气都被欢呼声撕裂，随后又突然平息。投降已成定局，叛军对他们获得的极其宽大的条款欣喜若狂。我们的士兵卸下武器，靠近叛军防线，将口粮分给半饥半饿的敌人，并进行了安静友好的交谈。没有虚张声势，也没有吹牛夸口，只有对叛乱被粉碎、战争结束的宁静满足。事实上，许多叛军似乎和我们一样高兴。偶尔会遇到一个阴沉不满的表情；但总的来说，我们遇到的是笑脸，以及急切准备与我们握手的双手，尤其是如果手中拿着食物或饮料的话。投降后，我与佩宁顿上校及其他人骑马前往法院，参观了举行投降仪式的房屋，寻找一些纪念物。我们发现，在我们到达之前，所有东西都已被拿走。举行投降仪式的房屋主人威尔默·麦克莱恩先生告诉我们，他在马纳萨斯的农场曾发生过第一次布尔溪战役。我请他在我的日记上签名，为此，令他非常惊讶的是，我给了他一美元。其他人也照此办理，我听说他因此获得了一笔可观的“黄金收获”。\n\n虽然该师的所有团都在这两天中分享了大量的荣耀，但没有任何团在伟大而光荣事迹的记录上能超越纽约第二骑兵队。该团的军官和士兵昂首挺胸，在收到来自四面八方的祝贺和赞扬时，感到无比自豪，这是完全应该的。他们感到自己尽到了职责，给了那个“摇摇欲坠的巨人”致命一击，使其瘫倒在他们的脚下，希望它永远不再站起来。\n\n校对者注：\n\n以下错字已更正：\n“crowed”更正为\"crowded\"（第 7 页）\n\"on on\"更正为\"on\"（第 9 页）\n\"unusal\"更正为\"unusual\"（第 9 页）\n\n古腾堡项目《叛乱的最后日子》结束，作者：阿兰森·M·兰多尔\n\n***","type":"output_text","logprobs":null}],"role":"assistant","status":"completed","type":"message"}],"parallel_tool_calls":true,"temperature":0.0,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_p":null,"background":null,"conversation":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"prompt_cache_key":null,"reasoning":null,"safety_identifier":null,"service_tier":null,"status":null,"text":null,"top_logprobs":null,"truncation":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":3690,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0},"output_tokens":2828,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":0},"total_tokens":6518},"user":null},"reward":0.7631636074611119,"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","doc_id":"Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol","generation":"由在线校对团队制作\nhttp://www.pgdp.net（本文件由互联网档案馆/美国图书馆慷慨提供的图像制作而成）\n\n叛乱的最后日子。\n\n纽约第二骑兵队（哈里斯轻骑兵）\n1865 年 4 月 8 日和 9 日\n在阿波马托克斯车站和阿波马托克斯法院\n\n作者\n阿兰森·M·兰多尔\n\n美国第一炮兵上校（原纽约第二骑兵上校），志愿军少将（荣誉晋升）\n\n加利福尼亚州，阿尔卡特拉斯岛，\n1886 年。\n\n叛乱的最后日子。\n\n1864 年至 1865 年的冬季，纽约第二骑兵队（哈里斯轻骑兵）驻扎在弗吉尼亚州温彻斯特附近的罗姆尼公路上。阿兰森·M·兰多尔，美国第一炮兵上校，担任该团团长。该团与第一康涅狄格团、第二俄亥俄团和第三新泽西团共同组成了骑兵军第一师第一旅。该师由乔治·A·卡斯特将军指挥；该旅由 A.C.M. 佩宁顿上校指挥，他当时是美国第二炮兵上校，也是第三新泽西骑兵上校。1865 年 2 月 27 日，米里特和卡斯特的师，以及米勒（美国第四炮兵）和伍德鲁夫（美国第二炮兵）的炮兵连，全部在谢里登将军的指挥下，离开了温彻斯特及其周边的冬季营地。在取得一系列辉煌的胜利、无与伦比的行军和好运之后，他们于 3 月 27 日在彼得斯堡前线与波托马克军团会合。纽约第二骑兵队在这场伟大而成功的突袭中，分享了大量的荣耀与苦难。在五岔口、深溪和塞勒斯溪，该团不仅保持了其英勇和值得称颂的记录，还进一步增添了其盛名。在 4 月 8 日阿波马托克斯车站那场温和而欢愉的交锋中，它达到了荣耀的巅峰，并以其大胆的行动触及了名声的顶峰。在那一天，它展现了惊人的英勇，取得了与战争中任何单一战役一样富有成果的成功。通过强行突破叛军防线并截断李将军的军队，它极大地促成了次日——即北弗吉尼亚邦联军队投降——的结果。\n\n* * * * *\n\n4 月 7 日夜间，我们在布法罗河畔扎营。8 日清晨出发，我们在普罗瑟普特车站跨越了林奇堡铁路，直奔阿波马托克斯车站，预计我们将在此打击，甚至拦截李将军正在撤退、分崩离析的军队。踪迹新鲜，追击热烈。每个人的眼中都洋溢着喜悦，因为大家都感到结局已近，我们衷心希望自己能获得这光荣的机会，给予最后一击。大约中午时分，该团被调离以俘获据称在阿波马托克斯某处渡口的一股敌军。发现了一些数百名敌人，他们无武装、半饥半饿、是掉队者，毫无斗志，于是将他们移交给宪兵队长。该团重新归入纵队，我接到命令，率团向位于纵队前端的卡斯特将军报到。遵照此令报到后，卡斯特将军告诉我，他的侦察兵报告称在阿波马托克斯车站有三列大型列车，装满了供应叛军的物资；他预计在此处附近与米里特的师会合；他的命令是在此等待米里特加入；他自早晨起未收到米里特的消息，并已派军官去联络，但如果半小时内仍未收到消息，他希望我率团夺取列车，并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。谈话间，我们清晰地但微弱地听到了机车的汽笛声，纵队随即向前移动，纽约第二骑兵队位于先头。当我们接近车站时，汽笛声变得越来越清晰，一名侦察兵报告列车正在迅速卸货，且叛军先头部队正穿过阿波马托克斯法院。尽管卡斯特的命令是在接触敌人之前与米里特会合，但这里却是一个给予决定性打击的机会，如果成功，将增添他的声誉和荣耀；如果不成功，米里特很快就会赶来帮他脱困。我们的情绪非常激动，但被克制住了。所有人都看到了截断敌人的极端重要性。又一声汽笛，更近更清晰，另一名侦察兵决定了局势。我接到命令迅速前往阿波马托克斯车站，夺取那里的列车，并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。卡斯特将军骑马来到我身边，把手放在我的肩膀上说：“冲吧，老伙计，别让任何东西阻止你；现在是你扬名立万的机会。鼓舞士气；我会跟在你后面。”该团以慢步离开纵队，速度越来越快，直到我们看到了正准备开走的列车，随即我们欢呼着冲向车站，瞬间俘获了三列列车及其守卫部队。我呼叫工程师和司炉来接管列车，当时我周围至少有十几名士兵主动请缨。我挑选了所需人数，命令列车向后撤退，后来我得知这些列车被奥德将军的军团作为战利品认领。车厢里装满了军需物资，其中一部分已被卸下，叛军先头部队正以此款待自己，当我们出其不意地扑向他们时。\n\n当该团在冲锋后重整旗鼓时，敌人用各种火炮——野战炮和攻城炮——对其进行了猛烈的射击，但由于该团被茂密的树林遮蔽，未受敌人视线，因此造成的损害很小。我立即向卡斯特将军和佩宁顿上校通报了我的胜利，随即向前推进——我的先头部队正在积极进行散兵战——并率领全团以战斗队形骑马跟进。先头部队很快被敌人阻挡，敌人依托在茂密的次生松树林中匆忙构筑的工事进行防御。由于胜利而意气风发，渴望夺取林奇堡公路，沿路有巨大的马车和攻城列车正在快速移动，该团接到命令发起冲锋。三次尝试突破敌军防线，但都失败了。佩宁顿上校率领旅的其他部队到达战场，随后全体发起冲锋，但依然失败。接着，卡斯特率领整个师尝试，但也失败了。冲锋、再冲锋，现在成了命令，但却是零星进行的，缺乏组织且极度混乱。卡斯特将军在这里、那里、无处不在，用欢呼声和咒骂声催促士兵前进。巨大的战利品似乎就在他的掌握之中，失去它似乎令人惋惜；但叛军步兵死死坚守，而我们的四周，他们的炮兵不断喷射出死亡与毁灭。米里特和夜幕正迅速逼近，因此，一旦组织起任何规模的部队，无论多小，都被投入冲锋，结果却是在混乱和损失中溃退。我确信这种作战方式不会带来成功，并担心敌人会转入进攻，而在我们混乱无序的状态下，这必将导致灾难。天黑后不久，我找到卡斯特将军，对他说，如果让他把团集结起来，我可以突破叛军防线。他激动地回答：“别管你的团；抓住你能找到的任何东西，包括牵马人，全部冲过去：我们必须在今晚拿下公路。”根据这一命令，我很快组织起一支部队，主要由纽约第二骑兵队组成，但也包含部分其他团，在黑暗中难以分辨。凭借这支队伍，我沿着一条狭窄的小路发起冲锋，通向一片开阔地，叛军炮兵就部署在那里。当冲锋纵队从树林中冲出时，六盏明亮的灯光突然在我们正前方闪烁。一阵霰弹如龙卷风般扫过我们的头顶，下一瞬间我们已冲入炮兵阵地。防线被突破，敌人溃败。卡斯特率领整个师穿过缺口，蜂拥而至，乘胜追击，既不俘虏也不缴获火炮，直到通往林奇堡的道路——挤满了马车和炮兵——落入我们手中。随后我们急转向右，直奔阿波马托克斯法院；但在到达之前，我们发现了叛军数千个营火，追击因此受阻。敌人已扎营，自以为通往林奇堡的路线依然畅通；他们做梦也没想到我们的骑兵已直接横亘在他们的路径上，直到我们的一些士兵冲进阿波马托克斯法院，不幸的是，纽约第十五骑兵队副团长鲁特上校在那里立即被哨兵击毙。在我们占领道路后，骑兵军的其他师前来支援，但为时已晚，无法参与战斗。\n\n由于夜间攻击，我们的各团混杂在一起，花了数小时才重新整编。整编完成后，我们 marched 靠近火车站并宿营。\n\n那一夜充满了极大的焦虑。我们躺在地上休息，却无法入睡。我们知道步兵正在赶快来支援我们，但如果他们在日出前未能与我们会合，我们的骑兵防线将被击溃，叛军将逃脱，而我们为截断他们通往林奇堡之路所付出的所有艰苦努力都将付诸东流。黎明时分，我被大声的欢呼声唤醒，被告知奥德军团正在迅速赶来，并在我军骑兵后方展开队形。不久后我们上马，向阿波马托克斯法院公路方向移动，那里枪声渐起；但突然我们的方向改变，整个骑兵军以疾驰速度转向我们防线右侧，穿过叛军阵地与我们正在迅速集结的步兵大军之间。当我们沿着步兵前线疾驰而过时，他们以欢呼和喜悦的喊声迎接我们。在多处，我们不得不“穿过”围绕法院的敌军炮火，但这反而增添了场景的紧张感，因为我们感到这是敌人做最后挣扎、强作镇定的垂死努力；我们知道这次我们抓住了他们，北弗吉尼亚那支骄傲的军队终于在我们的掌控之中。当我们以几乎冲锋的速度前进时，突然被投降的消息叫停。谢里登将军及其参谋骑马赶到，随即匆匆赶往法院；但就在他们离开我们之后，一群叛军骑兵向他们开火，同时也向我们开火，我们立即予以还击，很快将其击溃。随后我们列队准备向叛军步兵发起冲锋；但在号角吹响冲锋号时，一名举着白旗的军官从叛军防线中骑马出来，我们随即停住。我们及时停住是幸运的，因为如果我们冲锋，就会被扫入永恒，因为在我们正前方有一条小溪，溪对岸是一个叛军旅，已构筑工事，炮兵就位，火炮已装填双份霰弹。以骑兵冲锋这样强大的阵列，将导致几乎全军覆没。停住后，我们得知正在安排李将军全军投降的初步事宜。听到这个消息，欢呼声接连响起，持续了片刻，随后一切又变得像什么都没发生过一样安静。我与卡斯特和佩宁顿骑马穿过两军之间，遇到了一些前来见我们的旧识叛军。其中，我记得弗吉尼亚的李（吉姆莱特）和北卡罗来纳的考恩。我看到卡德穆斯·威尔科克斯将军就在小溪对面，正像他在西点军校任教官时习惯的那样，低头来回踱步。我向他呼喊，但他毫无反应，只是敌意地瞥了我一眼。\n\n当我们正在讨论投降的可能条款时，李将军身着全套制服，由一名参谋陪同，与格兰特将军的参谋巴布科克将军一起，从法院骑马向我们防线驶来。当他经过我们时，我们都举手脱帽致敬，他优雅地回礼。\n\n当天晚些时候，叛军阵营中响起了响亮而持续的欢呼声，我们的防线随之响应并回声阵阵，直到空气都被欢呼声撕裂，随后又突然平息。投降已成定局，叛军对他们获得的极其宽大的条款欣喜若狂。我们的士兵卸下武器，靠近叛军防线，将口粮分给半饥半饿的敌人，并进行了安静友好的交谈。没有虚张声势，也没有吹牛夸口，只有对叛乱被粉碎、战争结束的宁静满足。事实上，许多叛军似乎和我们一样高兴。偶尔会遇到一个阴沉不满的表情；但总的来说，我们遇到的是笑脸，以及急切准备与我们握手的双手，尤其是如果手中拿着食物或饮料的话。投降后，我与佩宁顿上校及其他人骑马前往法院，参观了举行投降仪式的房屋，寻找一些纪念物。我们发现，在我们到达之前，所有东西都已被拿走。举行投降仪式的房屋主人威尔默·麦克莱恩先生告诉我们，他在马纳萨斯的农场曾发生过第一次布尔溪战役。我请他在我的日记上签名，为此，令他非常惊讶的是，我给了他一美元。其他人也照此办理，我听说他因此获得了一笔可观的“黄金收获”。\n\n虽然该师的所有团都在这两天中分享了大量的荣耀，但没有任何团在伟大而光荣事迹的记录上能超越纽约第二骑兵队。该团的军官和士兵昂首挺胸，在收到来自四面八方的祝贺和赞扬时，感到无比自豪，这是完全应该的。他们感到自己尽到了职责，给了那个“摇摇欲坠的巨人”致命一击，使其瘫倒在他们的脚下，希望它永远不再站起来。\n\n校对者注：\n\n以下错字已更正：\n“crowed”更正为\"crowded\"（第 7 页）\n\"on on\"更正为\"on\"（第 9 页）\n\"unusal\"更正为\"unusual\"（第 9 页）\n\n古腾堡项目《叛乱的最后日子》结束，作者：阿兰森·M·兰多尔\n\n***","comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":105,"misaligned_seg":2,"spans":[{"src":"Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at","tgt":"由在线校对团队制作","comet_qe":0.7038840651512146,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)","tgt":"http://www.pgdp.net（本文件由互联网档案馆/美国图书馆慷慨提供的图像制作而成）","comet_qe":0.8570417165756226,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","tgt":"叛乱的最后日子。","comet_qe":0.8474681377410889,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY (HARRIS' LIGHT)","tgt":"纽约第二骑兵队（哈里斯轻骑兵）","comet_qe":0.8021107912063599,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT","tgt":"1865 年 4 月 8 日和 9 日","comet_qe":0.2962345778942108,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.","tgt":"在阿波马托克斯车站和阿波马托克斯法院","comet_qe":0.2893555164337158,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"BY","tgt":"作者","comet_qe":0.47143861651420593,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"ALANSON M. RANDOL","tgt":"阿兰森·M·兰多尔","comet_qe":0.8571774363517761,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._","tgt":"美国第一炮兵上校（原纽约第二骑兵上校），志愿军少将（荣誉晋升）","comet_qe":0.728298544883728,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,","tgt":"加利福尼亚州，阿尔卡特拉斯岛，","comet_qe":0.8503879308700562,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"1886.","tgt":"1886 年。","comet_qe":0.8692426085472107,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","tgt":"叛乱的最后日子。","comet_qe":0.8474681377410889,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"During the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry was in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike.","tgt":"1864 年至 1865 年的冬季,纽约第二骑兵队(哈里斯轻骑兵)驻扎在弗吉尼亚州温彻斯特附近的罗姆尼公路上。","comet_qe":0.8111470341682434,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Alanson M. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the","tgt":"阿兰森·M·兰多尔,美国第一炮兵上校,担任该团团长。","comet_qe":0.825995922088623,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"regiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New Jersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The","tgt":"该团与第一康涅狄格团、第二俄亥俄团和第三新泽西团共同组成了骑兵军第一师第一旅。","comet_qe":0.8266674280166626,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"division was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C. M. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New Jersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt and Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery) and Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of General Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,","tgt":"该师由乔治·A·卡斯特将军指挥;该旅由 A.C.M. 佩宁顿上校指挥,他当时是美国第二炮兵上校,也是第三新泽西骑兵上校。1865 年 2 月 27 日,米里特和卡斯特的师,以及米勒(美国第四炮兵)和伍德鲁夫(美国第二炮兵)的炮兵连,全部在谢里登将军的指挥下,离开了温彻斯特及其周边的冬季营地。","comet_qe":0.8201444149017334,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"and, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and fortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the 27th of March.","tgt":"在取得一系列辉煌的胜利、无与伦比的行军和好运之后,他们于 3 月 27 日在彼得斯堡前线与波托马克军团会合。","comet_qe":0.8278632760047913,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories and miseries of this great and successful raid.","tgt":"纽约第二骑兵队在这场伟大而成功的突袭中,分享了大量的荣耀与苦难。","comet_qe":0.8300044536590576,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At Five Forks, Deep Creek, and Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious record, but added to its great renown.","tgt":"在五岔口、深溪和塞勒斯溪,该团不仅保持了其英勇和值得称颂的记录,还进一步增添了其盛名。","comet_qe":0.8333975672721863,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At the gentle and joyous passage of arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax of its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.","tgt":"在 4 月 8 日阿波马托克斯车站那场温和而欢愉的交锋中,它达到了荣耀的巅峰,并以其大胆的行动触及了名声的顶峰。","comet_qe":0.7802133560180664,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as pregnant with good results as any single action of the war.","tgt":"在那一天,它展现了惊人的英勇,取得了与战争中任何单一战役一样富有成果的成功。","comet_qe":0.8215762972831726,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By forcing a passage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed largely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.","tgt":"通过强行突破叛军防线并截断李将军的军队,它极大地促成了次日——即北弗吉尼亚邦联军队投降——的结果。","comet_qe":0.820075273513794,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"* * * * *","tgt":"* * * * *","comet_qe":0.7761257886886597,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an early hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect Station, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would strike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail","tgt":"4 月 7 日夜间,我们在布法罗河畔扎营。8 日清晨出发,我们在普罗瑟普特车站跨越了林奇堡铁路,直奔阿波马托克斯车站,预计我们将在此打击,甚至拦截李将军正在撤退、分崩离析的军队。","comet_qe":0.7812523245811462,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"was fresh and the chase hot.","tgt":"踪迹新鲜,追击热烈。","comet_qe":0.5226520299911499,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that the end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the glorious opportunity of striking the final blow.","tgt":"每个人的眼中都洋溢着喜悦,因为大家都感到结局已近,我们衷心希望自己能获得这光荣的机会,给予最后一击。","comet_qe":0.8294347524642944,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"About noon the regiment was detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the crossings of the Appomattox.","tgt":"大约中午时分,该团被调离以俘获据称在阿波马托克斯某处渡口的一股敌军。","comet_qe":0.8174433708190918,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved, stragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the Provost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to report with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting","tgt":"发现了一些数百名敌人,他们无武装、半饥半饿、是掉队者,毫无斗志,于是将他们移交给宪兵队长。","comet_qe":0.524075448513031,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"in compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts had reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with supplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction with Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here till Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and had sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from him in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the","tgt":"该团重新归入纵队,我接到命令,率团向位于纵队前端的卡斯特将军报到。遵照此令报到后,卡斯特将军告诉我,他的侦察兵报告称在阿波马托克斯车站有三列大型列车,装满了供应叛军的物资;他预计在此处附近与米里特的师会合;他的命令是在此等待米里特加入;他自早晨起未收到米里特的消息,并已派军官去联络,但如果半小时内仍未收到消息,他希望我率团夺取列车,并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。","comet_qe":0.688622772693634,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"trains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"While talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly heard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in advance.","tgt":"谈话间,我们清晰地但微弱地听到了机车的汽笛声,纵队随即向前移动,纽约第二骑兵队位于先头。","comet_qe":0.7872982025146484,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As we neared the station the whistles became more and more distinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the advance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.","tgt":"当我们接近车站时,汽笛声变得越来越清晰,一名侦察兵报告列车正在迅速卸货,且叛军先头部队正穿过阿波马托克斯法院。","comet_qe":0.8203403353691101,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Although Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before coming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive blow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not, Merritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape.","tgt":"尽管卡斯特的命令是在接触敌人之前与米里特会合,但这里却是一个给予决定性打击的机会,如果成功,将增添他的声誉和荣耀;如果不成功,米里特很快就会赶来帮他脱困。","comet_qe":0.7977989912033081,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our excitement was intense, but subdued.","tgt":"我们的情绪非常激动,但被克制住了。","comet_qe":0.8423881530761719,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All saw the vital importance of heading off the enemy.","tgt":"所有人都看到了截断敌人的极端重要性。","comet_qe":0.8111273050308228,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the question.","tgt":"又一声汽笛,更近更清晰,另一名侦察兵决定了局势。","comet_qe":0.7066715955734253,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the trains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.","tgt":"我接到命令迅速前往阿波马托克斯车站,夺取那里的列车,并尽可能占领通往林奇堡的公路。","comet_qe":0.7975296378135681,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"General Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my shoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is the chance for your stars.","tgt":"卡斯特将军骑马来到我身边,把手放在我的肩膀上说:“冲吧,老伙计,别让任何东西阻止你;现在是你扬名立万的机会。","comet_qe":0.8023226857185364,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment left the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we caught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a cheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three trains of cars, with the force guarding them.","tgt":"鼓舞士气;我会跟在你后面。”该团以慢步离开纵队,速度越来越快,直到我们看到了正准备开走的列车,随即我们欢呼着冲向车站,瞬间俘获了三列列车及其守卫部队。","comet_qe":0.801643967628479,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I called for engineers and firemen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men around me offered their services.","tgt":"我呼叫工程师和司炉来接管列车,当时我周围至少有十几名士兵主动请缨。","comet_qe":0.7942019701004028,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I chose the number required, and ordered the trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were claimed as captures by General Ord's corps.","tgt":"我挑选了所需人数,命令列车向后撤退,后来我得知这些列车被奥德将军的军团作为战利品认领。","comet_qe":0.8247308731079102,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The cars were loaded with commissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the rebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly down on them.","tgt":"车厢里装满了军需物资,其中一部分已被卸下,叛军先头部队正以此款待自己,当我们出其不意地扑向他们时。","comet_qe":0.726020336151123,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a fierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did but little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by a dense woods.","tgt":"当该团在冲锋后重整旗鼓时,敌人用各种火炮——野战炮和攻城炮——对其进行了猛烈的射击,但由于该团被茂密的树林遮蔽,未受敌人视线,因此造成的损害很小。","comet_qe":0.8350610136985779,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel Pennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily skirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.","tgt":"我立即向卡斯特将军和佩宁顿上校通报了我的胜利,随即向前推进——我的先头部队正在积极进行散兵战——并率领全团以战斗队形骑马跟进。","comet_qe":0.7687652707099915,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily constructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.","tgt":"先头部队很快被敌人阻挡,敌人依托在茂密的次生松树林中匆忙构筑的工事进行防御。","comet_qe":0.7817455530166626,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Flushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which immense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was ordered to charge.","tgt":"由于胜利而意气风发,渴望夺取林奇堡公路,沿路有巨大的马车和攻城列车正在快速移动,该团接到命令发起冲锋。","comet_qe":0.745610237121582,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Three times did it try to break through the enemy's lines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest of the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed.","tgt":"三次尝试突破敌军防线,但都失败了。佩宁顿上校率领旅的其他部队到达战场,随后全体发起冲锋,但依然失败。","comet_qe":0.8298364281654358,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then Custer, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed.","tgt":"接着,卡斯特率领整个师尝试,但也失败了。","comet_qe":0.8376023769378662,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Charge and charge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without organization and in great disorder.","tgt":"冲锋、再冲锋,现在成了命令,但却是零星进行的,缺乏组织且极度混乱。","comet_qe":0.717507541179657,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"General Custer was here, there, and everywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths.","tgt":"卡斯特将军在这里、那里、无处不在,用欢呼声和咒骂声催促士兵前进。","comet_qe":0.8155432939529419,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The great prize was so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel infantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and destruction on every side of us.","tgt":"巨大的战利品似乎就在他的掌握之中,失去它似乎令人惋惜;但叛军步兵死死坚守,而我们的四周,他们的炮兵不断喷射出死亡与毁灭。","comet_qe":0.7824491858482361,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Merritt and night were fast coming on, so as soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward, only to recoil in confusion and loss.","tgt":"米里特和夜幕正迅速逼近,因此,一旦组织起任何规模的部队,无论多小,都被投入冲锋,结果却是在混乱和损失中溃退。","comet_qe":0.768693208694458,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Confident that this mode of fighting would not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the offensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I","tgt":"我确信这种作战方式不会带来成功,并担心敌人会转入进攻,而在我们混乱无序的状态下,这必将导致灾难。","comet_qe":0.8468144536018372,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"went to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would let me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He","tgt":"天黑后不久,我找到卡斯特将军,对他说,如果让他把团集结起来,我可以突破叛军防线。","comet_qe":0.8306163549423218,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"excitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"you can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold of the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by me, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other regiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge down a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery","tgt":"他激动地回答:“别管你的团;抓住你能找到的任何东西,包括牵马人,全部冲过去:我们必须在今晚拿下公路。”根据这一命令,我很快组织起一支部队,主要由纽约第二骑兵队组成,但也包含部分其他团,在黑暗中难以分辨。凭借这支队伍,我沿着一条狭窄的小路发起冲锋,通向一片开阔地,叛军炮兵就部署在那里。","comet_qe":0.5949888229370117,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"was posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright lights suddenly flashed directly before us.","tgt":"当冲锋纵队从树林中冲出时,六盏明亮的灯光突然在我们正前方闪烁。","comet_qe":0.7452881336212158,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A toronado of canister-shot swept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery.","tgt":"一阵霰弹如龙卷风般扫过我们的头顶,下一瞬间我们已冲入炮兵阵地。","comet_qe":0.801798939704895,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The line was broken, and the enemy routed.","tgt":"防线被突破,敌人溃败。","comet_qe":0.8671385645866394,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Custer, with the whole division, now pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither prisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and artillery, was in our possession.","tgt":"卡斯特率领整个师穿过缺口,蜂拥而至,乘胜追击,既不俘虏也不缴获火炮,直到通往林奇堡的道路——挤满了马车和炮兵——落入我们手中。","comet_qe":0.7491430044174194,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We then turned short to the right and headed for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we discovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit was checked.","tgt":"随后我们急转向右,直奔阿波马托克斯法院;但在到达之前,我们发现了叛军数千个营火,追击因此受阻。","comet_qe":0.8029624223709106,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his route to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that our cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our men dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant Colonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a picket guard.","tgt":"敌人已扎营,自以为通往林奇堡的路线依然畅通;他们做梦也没想到我们的骑兵已直接横亘在他们的路径上,直到我们的一些士兵冲进阿波马托克斯法院,不幸的是,纽约第十五骑兵队副团长鲁特上校在那里立即被哨兵击毙。","comet_qe":0.8223936557769775,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After we had seized the road, we were joined by other divisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late to take part in the fight.","tgt":"在我们占领道路后,骑兵军的其他师前来支援,但为时已晚,无法参与战斗。","comet_qe":0.8460207581520081,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Owing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took hours to reorganize them.","tgt":"由于夜间攻击,我们的各团混杂在一起,花了数小时才重新整编。","comet_qe":0.8655025959014893,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When this was effected, we marched near to the railroad station and bivouacked.","tgt":"整编完成后,我们 marched 靠近火车站并宿营。","comet_qe":0.5862610936164856,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That night was passed in great anxiety.","tgt":"那一夜充满了极大的焦虑。","comet_qe":0.8251907825469971,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We threw ourselves on the ground to rest, but not to sleep.","tgt":"我们躺在地上休息,却无法入睡。","comet_qe":0.8410788774490356,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We knew that the infantry was hastening to our assistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line would be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work to head them off from Lynchburg.","tgt":"我们知道步兵正在赶快来支援我们,但如果他们在日出前未能与我们会合,我们的骑兵防线将被击溃,叛军将逃脱,而我们为截断他们通往林奇堡之路所付出的所有艰苦努力都将付诸东流。","comet_qe":0.8465303182601929,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"About daybreak I was aroused by loud hurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming in rear of our cavalry.","tgt":"黎明时分,我被大声的欢呼声唤醒,被告知奥德军团正在迅速赶来,并在我军骑兵后方展开队形。","comet_qe":0.8208615183830261,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Soon after we were in the saddle and moving towards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing lively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry corps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the position of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who","tgt":"不久后我们上马,向阿波马托克斯法院公路方向移动,那里枪声渐起;但突然我们的方向改变,整个骑兵军以疾驰速度转向我们防线右侧,穿过叛军阵地与我们正在迅速集结的步兵大军之间。","comet_qe":0.7997757196426392,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"greeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.","tgt":"当我们沿着步兵前线疾驰而过时,他们以欢呼和喜悦的喊声迎接我们。","comet_qe":0.7738815546035767,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's guns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest of the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy to put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at last Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy.","tgt":"在多处,我们不得不“穿过”围绕法院的敌军炮火,但这反而增添了场景的紧张感,因为我们感到这是敌人做最后挣扎、强作镇定的垂死努力;我们知道这次我们抓住了他们,北弗吉尼亚那支骄傲的军队终于在我们的掌控之中。","comet_qe":0.7229545712471008,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While moving at almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of a surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste for the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a party of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly replied, and soon put them to flight.","tgt":"当我们以几乎冲锋的速度前进时,突然被投降的消息叫停。谢里登将军及其参谋骑马赶到,随即匆匆赶往法院;但就在他们离开我们之后,一群叛军骑兵向他们开火,同时也向我们开火,我们立即予以还击,很快将其击溃。","comet_qe":0.8053794503211975,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our lines were then formed for a charge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the charge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we halted.","tgt":"随后我们列队准备向叛军步兵发起冲锋;但在号角吹响冲锋号时,一名举着白旗的军官从叛军防线中骑马出来,我们随即停住。","comet_qe":0.836707592010498,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we charged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front was a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched, with batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have","tgt":"我们及时停住是幸运的,因为如果我们冲锋,就会被扫入永恒,因为在我们正前方有一条小溪,溪对岸是一个叛军旅,已构筑工事,炮兵就位,火炮已装填双份霰弹。","comet_qe":0.7111753225326538,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"charged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost total annihilation.","tgt":"以骑兵冲锋这样强大的阵列,将导致几乎全军覆没。","comet_qe":0.5511136054992676,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After we had halted, we were informed that preliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.","tgt":"停住后,我们得知正在安排李将军全军投降的初步事宜。","comet_qe":0.8374804854393005,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon all became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred.","tgt":"听到这个消息,欢呼声接连响起,持续了片刻,随后一切又变得像什么都没发生过一样安静。","comet_qe":0.8242344856262207,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I rode forward between the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends among the rebels, who came out to see us.","tgt":"我与卡斯特和佩宁顿骑马穿过两军之间,遇到了一些前来见我们的旧识叛军。","comet_qe":0.7855596542358398,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Among them, I remember Lee (Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina.","tgt":"其中,我记得弗吉尼亚的李(吉姆莱特)和北卡罗来纳的考恩。","comet_qe":0.855798065662384,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I saw General Cadmus Wilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the ground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point.","tgt":"我看到卡德穆斯·威尔科克斯将军就在小溪对面,正像他在西点军校任教官时习惯的那样,低头来回踱步。","comet_qe":0.8000069260597229,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I called to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a hostile manner.","tgt":"我向他呼喊,但他毫无反应,只是敌意地瞥了我一眼。","comet_qe":0.8781525492668152,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General Lee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General Babcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our lines.","tgt":"当我们正在讨论投降的可能条款时,李将军身着全套制服,由一名参谋陪同,与格兰特将军的参谋巴布科克将军一起,从法院骑马向我们防线驶来。","comet_qe":0.7908833026885986,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he","tgt":"当他经过我们时,我们都举手脱帽致敬,他优雅地回礼。","comet_qe":0.7784366011619568,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"gracefully returned. Later in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels, which was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with cheers, when all as suddenly subsided.","tgt":"当天晚些时候,叛军阵营中响起了响亮而持续的欢呼声,我们的防线随之响应并回声阵阵,直到空气都被欢呼声撕裂,随后又突然平息。","comet_qe":0.7056827545166016,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The surrender was a fixed fact, and the rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received.","tgt":"投降已成定局,叛军对他们获得的极其宽大的条款欣喜若狂。","comet_qe":0.8397874236106873,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our men, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations with the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.","tgt":"我们的士兵卸下武器,靠近叛军防线,将口粮分给半饥半饿的敌人,并进行了安静友好的交谈。","comet_qe":0.8609148263931274,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that the rebellion was crushed, and the war ended.","tgt":"没有虚张声势,也没有吹牛夸口,只有对叛乱被粉碎、战争结束的宁静满足。","comet_qe":0.8414590954780579,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In fact, many of the rebels seemed as much pleased as we were.","tgt":"事实上,许多叛军似乎和我们一样高兴。","comet_qe":0.8640573024749756,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now and then one would meet a surly, dissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands eager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to eat or drink.","tgt":"偶尔会遇到一个阴沉不满的表情;但总的来说,我们遇到的是笑脸,以及急切准备与我们握手的双手,尤其是如果手中拿着食物或饮料的话。","comet_qe":0.784223735332489,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with Colonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender had taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion.","tgt":"投降后,我与佩宁顿上校及其他人骑马前往法院,参观了举行投降仪式的房屋,寻找一些纪念物。","comet_qe":0.8544268012046814,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We found that everything had been appropriated before our arrival.","tgt":"我们发现,在我们到达之前,所有东西都已被拿走。","comet_qe":0.8291570544242859,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Mr. Wilmer McLean, in whose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at Manassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought.","tgt":"举行投降仪式的房屋主人威尔默·麦克莱恩先生告诉我们,他在马纳萨斯的农场曾发生过第一次布尔溪战役。","comet_qe":0.8412456512451172,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I asked him to write his name in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.","tgt":"我请他在我的日记上签名,为此,令他非常惊讶的是,我给了他一美元。","comet_qe":0.8590821027755737,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Others did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden harvest.","tgt":"其他人也照此办理,我听说他因此获得了一笔可观的“黄金收获”。","comet_qe":0.8085069060325623,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories of these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record of great and glorious deeds.","tgt":"虽然该师的所有团都在这两天中分享了大量的荣耀,但没有任何团在伟大而光荣事迹的记录上能超越纽约第二骑兵队。","comet_qe":0.8144232034683228,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Well might its officers and men carry their heads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the congratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides.","tgt":"该团的军官和士兵昂首挺胸,在收到来自四面八方的祝贺和赞扬时,感到无比自豪,这是完全应该的。","comet_qe":0.7606414556503296,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They felt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that laid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.","tgt":"他们感到自己尽到了职责,给了那个“摇摇欲坠的巨人”致命一击,使其瘫倒在他们的脚下,希望它永远不再站起来。","comet_qe":0.7955930829048157,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Transcriber's Note:","tgt":"校对者注：","comet_qe":0.8361656665802002,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The following misprints have been corrected:","tgt":"以下错字已更正：","comet_qe":0.8422558307647705,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)","tgt":"“crowed”更正为\"crowded\"（第 7 页）","comet_qe":0.7086780071258545,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)","tgt":"\"on on\"更正为\"on\"（第 9 页）","comet_qe":0.6817165613174438,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)","tgt":"\"unusal\"更正为\"unusual\"（第 9 页）","comet_qe":0.6427551507949829,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"End of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol","tgt":"古腾堡项目《叛乱的最后日子》结束，作者：阿兰森·M·兰多尔","comet_qe":0.7716579437255859,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"***","tgt":"***","comet_qe":0.7939302921295166,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false}],"segale_error":null,"_ng_task_index":528,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}} +{"responses_create_params":{"background":null,"include":null,"input":[{"content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to German.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only German.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** \n","role":"user","type":"message"}],"instructions":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"metadata":null,"model":null,"parallel_tool_calls":true,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"reasoning":null,"service_tier":null,"store":null,"temperature":0.0,"text":null,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_logprobs":null,"top_p":null,"truncation":null,"user":null,"stream":null},"response":{"id":"resp_7d5b5c6930f940d1b0fc7e1c644d2644","created_at":1780006252.0,"error":null,"incomplete_details":null,"instructions":null,"metadata":null,"model":"Qwen3.5-35B-A3B","object":"response","output":[{"id":"msg_5c342561be894bfb9a0bcae74e3c468b","content":[{"annotations":[],"text":"Herausgegeben vom Online Distributed Proofreading Team unter\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (Diese Datei wurde aus Bildern erstellt,\ndie großzügig vom Internet Archive/American Libraries zur Verfügung gestellt wurden.)\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\nTHE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n(HARRIS' LIGHT)\nBEI APPOMATTOX STATION UND APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE,\n8. UND 9. APRIL 1865.\n\nVON\nALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n_Major der 1. US-Artillerie (zuvor Oberst des 2. New York Kavallerie), Brigadegeneral a. D., US-Freiwilligenarmee._\n\nALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n1886.\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\nIm Winter 1864/65 hielt sich das 2. New York (Harris' Light) Kavallerie-Regiment in den Winterquartieren in der Nähe von Winchester, Virginia, an der Romney-Straße auf. Alanson M. Randol, Hauptmann der 1. US-Artillerie, war Oberst des Regiments, das zusammen mit dem 1. Connecticut, dem 2. Ohio und dem 3. New Jersey die erste Brigade der dritten Division des Kavalleriekorps bildete. Die Division wurde von General George A. Custer kommandiert; die Brigade von A. C. M. Pennington, Hauptmann der 2. US-Artillerie und Oberst des 3. New Jersey Kavallerie-Regiments. Am 27. Februar 1865 verließen die Divisionen von Merritt und Custer mit den Batterien von Miller (4. US-Artillerie) und Woodruff (2. US-Artillerie), alle unter dem Befehl von General Sheridan, ihre Winterquartiere in und um Winchester und schlossen sich nach einer Reihe glänzender Siege und unübertroffener Märsche und Glücksfälle am 27. März der Armee des Potomac vor Petersburg an. Das 2. New York Kavallerie-Regiment teilte in großem Maße die Ruhm und das Leid dieses großen und erfolgreichen Streifzugs. Bei Five Forks, Deep Creek und Sailors Creek bewahrte es nicht nur seine tapfere und verdienstvolle Bilanz, sondern vergrößerte seinen großen Ruhm. Bei dem sanften und freudigen Waffenwechsel an der Appomattox Station am 8. April erreichte es den Höhepunkt seines Ruhms und berührte durch seine kühnen Taten den Gipfel des Ruhms. An diesem Tag vollbrachte es Wunder der Tapferkeit und errang Erfolge, die so fruchtbar an guten Ergebnissen waren wie jede einzelne Aktion des Krieges. Durch das Erzwingen eines Durchbruchs durch die feindlichen Linien und das Abfangen von Lees Armee trug es maßgeblich zu dem Ergebnis bei, das am nächsten Tag folgte – der Kapitulation der konföderierten Armee von Nord-Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn der Nacht des 7. April lagerten wir am Buffalo River. Am frühen Morgen des 8. überquerten wir die Eisenbahnstrecke von Lynchburg an der Prospect Station und marschierten auf die Appomattox Station zu, wo wir erwarteten, Lees zurückweichende, sich auflösende Armee zu treffen oder zumindest abzufangen. Die Spur war frisch und die Verfolgung heiß. Freude leuchtete in jedem Auge, denn alle spürten, dass das Ende nahe rückte, und wir hofften innig, dass uns die glorreiche Gelegenheit zuteil werden möge, den letzten Schlag zu führen. Etwa um die Mittagszeit wurde das Regiment abgetrennt, um eine feindliche Truppe zu ergreifen, die sich angeblich an einer der Überquerungen des Appomattox befand. Einige wenige Hundert, unbewaffnet, halb verhungert, Deserteure, ohne Kampfeswillen, wurden gefunden und dem Provost Marshal übergeben. Nachdem es seinen Platz in der Kolonne wieder eingenommen hatte, erhielt ich den Befehl, mich mit dem Regiment bei General Custer zu melden, der sich an der Spitze befand. Bei der Meldung gemäß diesem Befehl teilte mir General Custer mit, dass seine Späher drei große Züge von Waggons an der Appomattox Station gemeldet hätten, beladen mit Vorräten für die konföderierte Armee; dass er erwarte, sich in der Nähe dieses Punktes mit der Division von Merritt zu vereinigen; dass sein Befehl laute, hier zu warten, bis Merritt ihn erreiche; dass er seit dem Morgen nichts von ihm gehört habe und einen Offizier gesandt habe, um mit ihm zu kommunizieren, aber wenn er innerhalb einer halben Stunde nichts von ihm höre, wolle er, dass ich mein Regiment nehme und die Waggonszüge ergreife und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg erreiche und halte. Während wir sprachen, wurde die Pfeife der Lokomotive deutlich, aber schwach gehört, und die Kolonne wurde sofort vorwärts bewegt, wobei das 2. New York an der Spitze stand. Als wir uns der Station näherten, wurden die Pfeifen immer deutlicher, und ein Späher berichtete, dass die Züge sich schnell entluden und dass die Vorhut der konföderierten Armee durch das Appomattox Court House zog. Obwohl Custers Befehl lautete, sich vor dem Kontakt mit dem Feind mit Merritt zu vereinigen, bot sich hier eine Chance, einen entscheidenden Schlag zu führen, der, falls erfolgreich, seinen Ruhm und seine Ehre vergrößern würde, und falls nicht, Merritt bald herbeieilen würde, um ihn aus der Klemme zu helfen. Unsere Aufregung war intensiv, aber unterdrückt. Alle erkannten die lebenswichtige Bedeutung, den Feind abzufangen. Eine weitere Pfeife, näher und klarer, und ein weiterer Späher entschieden die Frage. Ich erhielt den Befehl, schnell zur Appomattox Station vorzurücken, die Züge dort zu ergreifen und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg in Besitz zu nehmen. General Custer ritt an meine Seite und legte seine Hand auf meine Schulter, sagte: „Geh rein, alter Freund, lass dich von nichts aufhalten; jetzt ist die Chance für deine Sterne. Bring sie in Schwung; ich komme hinterher.\" Das Regiment verließ die Kolonne im langsamen Trab, der immer schneller wurde, bis wir die Waggons erblickten, die sich darauf vorbereiteten, wegzufahren, woraufhin wir mit einem Freudenschrei auf die Station stürmten und in einem Augenblick die drei Waggonszüge mit der sie bewachenden Truppe erbeuteten. Ich forderte Ingenieure und Heizer auf, die Züge zu übernehmen, woraufhin mindestens ein Dutzend meiner Männer um mich herum ihre Dienste anbot. Ich wählte die benötigte Anzahl und befahl, die Züge nach hinten zu fahren, wo ich später erfuhr, dass sie vom Korps von General Ord als Beute beansprucht wurden. Die Waggons waren mit Verpflegungsvorräten beladen, ein Teil davon war bereits entladen worden, wovon sich die konföderierte Vorhut gerade bewirtete, als wir so unerwartet auf sie stürzten.\n\nWährend sich das Regiment nach dem Angriff sammelte, eröffnete der Feind ein heftiges Feuer mit allen Arten von Geschützen – Feld- und Belagerungsgeschützen –, was jedoch wenig Schaden anrichtete, da das Regiment durch einen dichten Wald vor dem Blick des Feindes geschützt war. Ich sandte sofort eine Meldung an General Custer und Oberst Pennington über meinen Erfolg, rückte vor – meine Vorhut war eifrig im Gefecht – und folgte mit dem Regiment in Schlachtordnung, zu Pferd. Die Vorhut wurde bald vom Feind aufgehalten, der sich hinter hastig errichteten Schanzen in einem dichten Wald aus zweitem Kiefernbestand verschanzt hatte. Berauscht vom Erfolg und begierig, die Straße nach Lynchburg zu erreichen, entlang derer riesige Wagen- und Belagerungszüge sich schnell bewegten, wurde das Regiment zum Angriff befohlen. Dreimal versuchte es, die feindlichen Linien zu durchbrechen, aber es scheiterte. Oberst Pennington traf mit dem Rest der Brigade auf dem Schlachtfeld ein, woraufhin insgesamt ein Sturmangriff unternommen wurde, der jedoch scheiterte. Dann versuchte Custer mit der ganzen Division, aber auch er scheiterte. Angriff und erneut Angriff war nun der Befehl, aber er wurde in kleinen Trümmern, ohne Organisation und in großer Unordnung ausgeführt. General Custer war hier, dort und überall, trieb die Männer mit Freudenschreien und Flüchen vorwärts. Der große Preis war so nahe in seiner Reichweite, dass es eine Schande schien, ihn zu verlieren; aber die konföderierte Infanterie hielt hart und fest, während seine Artillerie an jeder Seite von uns Tod und Zerstörung ausstieß. Merritt und die Nacht rückten schnell voran, daher wurde, sobald eine Truppe, wie klein auch immer, organisiert war, sie nach vorne geworfen, nur um in Verwirrung und Verlust zurückzuweichen. Zuversichtlich, dass diese Art des Kampfes uns keinen Erfolg bringen würde, und befürchtend, dass der Feind die Offensive ergreifen könnte, was in unserem desorganisierten Zustand zu einer Katastrophe führen müsste, ging ich kurz nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit zu General Custer und sagte zu ihm, dass, wenn er mir erlaube, mein Regiment zu sammeln, ich die konföderierte Linie durchbrechen könnte. Er erregt erwiderte: „Kümmere dich nicht um dein Regiment; nimm alles und jedes, was du finden kannst, auch die Pferdehalter, und brich durch: wir müssen heute Abend die Straße in Besitz nehmen.\" Auf diesen Befehl hin wurde bald eine Truppe von mir organisiert, die hauptsächlich aus dem 2. New York bestand, aber teilweise aus anderen Regimentern, die in der Dunkelheit nicht zu unterscheiden waren. Damit unternahm ich einen Angriff einen engen Weg hinunter, der zu einem offenen Feld führte, auf dem die konföderierte Artillerie postiert war. Als die angreifende Kolonne aus dem Wald hervorkam, flammten plötzlich sechs helle Lichter direkt vor uns auf. Ein Tornado aus Kartätschen schoss über unsere Köpfe, und im nächsten Augenblick waren wir in der Batterie. Die Linie wurde durchbrochen, und der Feind wurde in die Flucht geschlagen. Custer drängte mit der ganzen Division nun durch die Lücke durcheinander in heißer Verfolgung, hielt weder für Gefangene noch für Geschütze an, bis die Straße nach Lynchburg, überfüllt mit Wagen und Artillerie, in unserem Besitz war. Dann drehten wir kurz nach rechts und marschierten auf das Appomattox Court House zu; aber kurz bevor wir es erreichten, entdeckten wir die Tausende von Lagerfeuern der konföderierten Armee, und die Verfolgung wurde eingestellt. Der Feind hatte sich in einem vermeintlichen Sicherheitsgefühl gelagert, dass sein Weg nach Lynchburg noch offen vor ihm liege; und er ahnte wenig, dass unsere Kavallerie sich direkt in seinem Weg postiert hatte, bis einige unserer Männer in das Appomattox Court House stürmten, wo leider Oberstleutnant Root vom 15. New York Kavallerie-Regiments sofort von einer Vorpostenwache getötet wurde. Nachdem wir die Straße gesichert hatten, schlossen sich uns andere Divisionen des Kavalleriekorps an, die zu unserer Hilfe kamen, aber zu spät, um am Kampf teilzunehmen.\n\nAufgrund des Nachtangriffs waren unsere Regimenter so durcheinandergeraten, dass es Stunden dauerte, sie wieder zu organisieren. Als dies geschehen war, marschierten wir in der Nähe des Bahnhofes und bezogen ein Nachtlager.\n\nDiese Nacht wurde in großer Angst verbracht. Wir warfen uns auf den Boden, um zu ruhen, aber nicht zu schlafen. Wir wussten, dass die Infanterie eilte, uns zu Hilfe zu kommen, aber es sei denn, sie schloss sich uns vor Sonnenaufgang an, würde unsere Kavallerielinie weggefegt werden, und die Rebellen würden trotz all unserer harten Arbeit, sie von Lynchburg abzuhalten, entkommen. Etwa bei Tagesanbruch wurde ich durch laute Hurrahs geweckt und erhielt die Nachricht, dass Ords Korps sich schnell näherte und sich hinter unserer Kavallerie formierte. Bald darauf waren wir im Sattel und bewegten uns in Richtung der Straße nach Appomattox Court House, wo das Feuer lebhafter wurde; aber plötzlich änderte sich unsere Richtung, und das gesamte Kavalleriekorps ritt im Galopp nach rechts unserer Linie, vorbei zwischen der Position der Rebellen und den sich schnell formierenden Massen unserer Infanterie, die uns mit Freudenschreien und Jubelrufen begrüßten, als wir an ihrer Front entlang galoppierten. An mehreren Stellen mussten wir uns dem „Durchgang durch den Galgen\" aus dem Feuer der Geschütze des Feindes, die um das Court House postiert waren, stellen, aber dies fügte nur dem Interesse der Szene hinzu, denn wir fühlten, dass es der letzte sterbende Versuch des Feindes war, ein tapferes Gesicht zu zeigen; wir wussten, dass wir sie diesmal hatten und dass Lees stolze Armee von Nord-Virginia endlich in unserer Gewalt war. Während wir uns mit fast einer Angriffsgeschwindigkeit bewegten, wurden wir plötzlich durch Meldungen über eine Kapitulation zum Halt gebracht. General Sheridan und sein Stab ritten herbei und eilten in großer Eile zum Court House; aber kurz nachdem sie uns verlassen hatten, wurden sie von einer Gruppe konföderierter Kavallerie beschossen, die auch auf uns feuerte, woraufhin wir prompt erwiderten und sie bald zur Flucht brachten. Unsere Linien wurden dann für einen Angriff auf die konföderierte Infanterie gebildet; aber während die Trompeten den Angriff bliesen, ritt ein Offizier mit einer weißen Flagge aus den feindlichen Linien heraus, und wir hielten an. Es war glücklich für uns, dass wir anhielten, als wir es taten, denn hätten wir angegriffen, wären wir in die Ewigkeit geschleudert worden, denn direkt vor uns lag ein Bach, auf der anderen Seite dessen sich eine konföderierte Brigade verschanzt befand, mit Batterien in Position, die Geschütze doppelt mit Kartätschen geladen. Einen solchen formidablen Aufmarsch zu Pferd anzugreifen, hätte fast zur totalen Vernichtung geführt. Nachdem wir angehalten hatten, wurden wir informiert, dass Vorbereitungen für die Kapitulation von Lees ganzer Armee getroffen wurden. Bei dieser Nachricht zerrissen Hurrahs nach Hurrahs für einige Momente die Luft, als bald alles so ruhig wurde, als wäre nichts Ungewöhnliches geschehen. Ich ritt zwischen den Linien mit Custer und Pennington vorwärts und traf mehrere alte Freunde unter den Rebellen, die herauskamen, um uns zu sehen. Unter ihnen erinnere ich mich an Lee (Gimlet) aus Virginia und Cowan aus North Carolina. Ich sah General Cadmus Wilcox gerade jenseits des Baches, wie er hin und her ging, mit den Augen auf den Boden gerichtet, genau so, wie es seine Gewohnheit war, als er Instructor an der West Point war. Ich rief ihn an, aber er achtete nicht darauf, außer dass er mich feindselig anblickte.\n\nWährend wir so über die wahrscheinlichen Bedingungen der Kapitulation diskutierten, ritten General Lee, in voller Uniform, begleitet von einem seiner Stabsoffiziere, und General Babcock vom Stab von General Grant vom Court House in Richtung unserer Linien. Als er an uns vorbeikam, hoben wir alle unsere Mützen zum Gruß, den er anmutig erwiderte.\n\nSpäter am Tag wurde unter den Rebellen lautes und anhaltendes Gejubel gehört, das von unseren Linien aufgenommen und widerhallt wurde, bis die Luft von Jubelrufen zerrissen wurde, als alles ebenso plötzlich wieder verstummte. Die Kapitulation war eine feststehende Tatsache, und die Rebellen waren über die sehr liberalen Bedingungen, die sie erhalten hatten, überglücklich. Unsere Männer, ohne Waffen, näherten sich den feindlichen Linien und teilten ihre Rationen mit dem halb verhungerten Feind und führten ruhige, freundliche Gespräche. Es gab kein Gebläse noch Prahlerei, nichts als ruhige Zufriedenheit, dass die Rebellion gebrochen und der Krieg beendet war. In der Tat schienen viele der Rebellen ebenso erfreut zu sein wie wir. Ab und zu traf man einen mürrischen, unzufriedenen Blick; aber im Allgemeinen trafen wir lächelnde Gesichter und Hände, die begierig und bereit waren, unsere eigenen zu ergreifen, besonders wenn sie etwas zu essen oder zu trinken enthielten. Nach der Kapitulation ritt ich mit Oberst Pennington und anderen zum Court House und besuchte das Haus, in dem die Kapitulation stattgefunden hatte, auf der Suche nach einem Andenken an die Gelegenheit. Wir fanden, dass alles vor unserer Ankunft angeeignet worden war. Herr Wilmer McLean, in dessen Haus die Kapitulation stattfand, informierte uns, dass auf seinem Bauernhof in Manassas die erste Schlacht von Bull Run geschlagen wurde. Ich bat ihn, seinen Namen in mein Tagebuch zu schreiben, wofür ich ihm, zu seiner großen Überraschung, einen Dollar gab. Andere taten dasselbe, und mir wurde gesagt, dass er auf diese Weise eine reiche goldene Ernte erhielt.\n\nWährend alle Regimenter der Division in großem Maße an dem Ruhm dieser beiden Tage teilhatten, übertraf keines das 2. New York Kavallerie-Regiment in seiner Bilanz großer und glorreicher Taten. Mit Recht konnten ihre Offiziere und Männer ihre Köpfe hoch tragen und sich mit Stolz erheben, als sie die Glückwünsche und Lobeshymnen erhielten, die ihnen von allen Seiten zuteil wurden. Sie fühlten, dass sie ihre Pflicht getan und dem „wankenden Riesen\" einen Schlag versetzt hatten, der ihn zu ihren Füßen niedergestreckt hatte, von dem man hofft, dass er sich nie wieder erheben wird.\n\nAnmerkung des Abschreibers:\n\nDie folgenden Druckfehler wurden korrigiert:\n„crowed\" korrigiert zu „crowded\" (Seite 7)\n„on on\" korrigiert zu „on\" (Seite 9)\n„unusal\" korrigiert zu „unusual\" (Seite 9)\n\nEnde von Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, von Alanson M. Randol","type":"output_text","logprobs":null}],"role":"assistant","status":"completed","type":"message"}],"parallel_tool_calls":true,"temperature":0.0,"tool_choice":"auto","tools":[],"top_p":null,"background":null,"conversation":null,"max_output_tokens":30000,"max_tool_calls":null,"previous_response_id":null,"prompt":null,"prompt_cache_key":null,"reasoning":null,"safety_identifier":null,"service_tier":null,"status":null,"text":null,"top_logprobs":null,"truncation":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":3690,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0},"output_tokens":4182,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":0},"total_tokens":7872},"user":null},"reward":0.7699517591132058,"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"de_DE","doc_id":"Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol","generation":"Herausgegeben vom Online Distributed Proofreading Team unter\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (Diese Datei wurde aus Bildern erstellt,\ndie großzügig vom Internet Archive/American Libraries zur Verfügung gestellt wurden.)\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\nTHE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n(HARRIS' LIGHT)\nBEI APPOMATTOX STATION UND APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE,\n8. UND 9. APRIL 1865.\n\nVON\nALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n_Major der 1. US-Artillerie (zuvor Oberst des 2. New York Kavallerie), Brigadegeneral a. D., US-Freiwilligenarmee._\n\nALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n1886.\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\nIm Winter 1864/65 hielt sich das 2. New York (Harris' Light) Kavallerie-Regiment in den Winterquartieren in der Nähe von Winchester, Virginia, an der Romney-Straße auf. Alanson M. Randol, Hauptmann der 1. US-Artillerie, war Oberst des Regiments, das zusammen mit dem 1. Connecticut, dem 2. Ohio und dem 3. New Jersey die erste Brigade der dritten Division des Kavalleriekorps bildete. Die Division wurde von General George A. Custer kommandiert; die Brigade von A. C. M. Pennington, Hauptmann der 2. US-Artillerie und Oberst des 3. New Jersey Kavallerie-Regiments. Am 27. Februar 1865 verließen die Divisionen von Merritt und Custer mit den Batterien von Miller (4. US-Artillerie) und Woodruff (2. US-Artillerie), alle unter dem Befehl von General Sheridan, ihre Winterquartiere in und um Winchester und schlossen sich nach einer Reihe glänzender Siege und unübertroffener Märsche und Glücksfälle am 27. März der Armee des Potomac vor Petersburg an. Das 2. New York Kavallerie-Regiment teilte in großem Maße die Ruhm und das Leid dieses großen und erfolgreichen Streifzugs. Bei Five Forks, Deep Creek und Sailors Creek bewahrte es nicht nur seine tapfere und verdienstvolle Bilanz, sondern vergrößerte seinen großen Ruhm. Bei dem sanften und freudigen Waffenwechsel an der Appomattox Station am 8. April erreichte es den Höhepunkt seines Ruhms und berührte durch seine kühnen Taten den Gipfel des Ruhms. An diesem Tag vollbrachte es Wunder der Tapferkeit und errang Erfolge, die so fruchtbar an guten Ergebnissen waren wie jede einzelne Aktion des Krieges. Durch das Erzwingen eines Durchbruchs durch die feindlichen Linien und das Abfangen von Lees Armee trug es maßgeblich zu dem Ergebnis bei, das am nächsten Tag folgte – der Kapitulation der konföderierten Armee von Nord-Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nIn der Nacht des 7. April lagerten wir am Buffalo River. Am frühen Morgen des 8. überquerten wir die Eisenbahnstrecke von Lynchburg an der Prospect Station und marschierten auf die Appomattox Station zu, wo wir erwarteten, Lees zurückweichende, sich auflösende Armee zu treffen oder zumindest abzufangen. Die Spur war frisch und die Verfolgung heiß. Freude leuchtete in jedem Auge, denn alle spürten, dass das Ende nahe rückte, und wir hofften innig, dass uns die glorreiche Gelegenheit zuteil werden möge, den letzten Schlag zu führen. Etwa um die Mittagszeit wurde das Regiment abgetrennt, um eine feindliche Truppe zu ergreifen, die sich angeblich an einer der Überquerungen des Appomattox befand. Einige wenige Hundert, unbewaffnet, halb verhungert, Deserteure, ohne Kampfeswillen, wurden gefunden und dem Provost Marshal übergeben. Nachdem es seinen Platz in der Kolonne wieder eingenommen hatte, erhielt ich den Befehl, mich mit dem Regiment bei General Custer zu melden, der sich an der Spitze befand. Bei der Meldung gemäß diesem Befehl teilte mir General Custer mit, dass seine Späher drei große Züge von Waggons an der Appomattox Station gemeldet hätten, beladen mit Vorräten für die konföderierte Armee; dass er erwarte, sich in der Nähe dieses Punktes mit der Division von Merritt zu vereinigen; dass sein Befehl laute, hier zu warten, bis Merritt ihn erreiche; dass er seit dem Morgen nichts von ihm gehört habe und einen Offizier gesandt habe, um mit ihm zu kommunizieren, aber wenn er innerhalb einer halben Stunde nichts von ihm höre, wolle er, dass ich mein Regiment nehme und die Waggonszüge ergreife und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg erreiche und halte. Während wir sprachen, wurde die Pfeife der Lokomotive deutlich, aber schwach gehört, und die Kolonne wurde sofort vorwärts bewegt, wobei das 2. New York an der Spitze stand. Als wir uns der Station näherten, wurden die Pfeifen immer deutlicher, und ein Späher berichtete, dass die Züge sich schnell entluden und dass die Vorhut der konföderierten Armee durch das Appomattox Court House zog. Obwohl Custers Befehl lautete, sich vor dem Kontakt mit dem Feind mit Merritt zu vereinigen, bot sich hier eine Chance, einen entscheidenden Schlag zu führen, der, falls erfolgreich, seinen Ruhm und seine Ehre vergrößern würde, und falls nicht, Merritt bald herbeieilen würde, um ihn aus der Klemme zu helfen. Unsere Aufregung war intensiv, aber unterdrückt. Alle erkannten die lebenswichtige Bedeutung, den Feind abzufangen. Eine weitere Pfeife, näher und klarer, und ein weiterer Späher entschieden die Frage. Ich erhielt den Befehl, schnell zur Appomattox Station vorzurücken, die Züge dort zu ergreifen und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg in Besitz zu nehmen. General Custer ritt an meine Seite und legte seine Hand auf meine Schulter, sagte: „Geh rein, alter Freund, lass dich von nichts aufhalten; jetzt ist die Chance für deine Sterne. Bring sie in Schwung; ich komme hinterher.\" Das Regiment verließ die Kolonne im langsamen Trab, der immer schneller wurde, bis wir die Waggons erblickten, die sich darauf vorbereiteten, wegzufahren, woraufhin wir mit einem Freudenschrei auf die Station stürmten und in einem Augenblick die drei Waggonszüge mit der sie bewachenden Truppe erbeuteten. Ich forderte Ingenieure und Heizer auf, die Züge zu übernehmen, woraufhin mindestens ein Dutzend meiner Männer um mich herum ihre Dienste anbot. Ich wählte die benötigte Anzahl und befahl, die Züge nach hinten zu fahren, wo ich später erfuhr, dass sie vom Korps von General Ord als Beute beansprucht wurden. Die Waggons waren mit Verpflegungsvorräten beladen, ein Teil davon war bereits entladen worden, wovon sich die konföderierte Vorhut gerade bewirtete, als wir so unerwartet auf sie stürzten.\n\nWährend sich das Regiment nach dem Angriff sammelte, eröffnete der Feind ein heftiges Feuer mit allen Arten von Geschützen – Feld- und Belagerungsgeschützen –, was jedoch wenig Schaden anrichtete, da das Regiment durch einen dichten Wald vor dem Blick des Feindes geschützt war. Ich sandte sofort eine Meldung an General Custer und Oberst Pennington über meinen Erfolg, rückte vor – meine Vorhut war eifrig im Gefecht – und folgte mit dem Regiment in Schlachtordnung, zu Pferd. Die Vorhut wurde bald vom Feind aufgehalten, der sich hinter hastig errichteten Schanzen in einem dichten Wald aus zweitem Kiefernbestand verschanzt hatte. Berauscht vom Erfolg und begierig, die Straße nach Lynchburg zu erreichen, entlang derer riesige Wagen- und Belagerungszüge sich schnell bewegten, wurde das Regiment zum Angriff befohlen. Dreimal versuchte es, die feindlichen Linien zu durchbrechen, aber es scheiterte. Oberst Pennington traf mit dem Rest der Brigade auf dem Schlachtfeld ein, woraufhin insgesamt ein Sturmangriff unternommen wurde, der jedoch scheiterte. Dann versuchte Custer mit der ganzen Division, aber auch er scheiterte. Angriff und erneut Angriff war nun der Befehl, aber er wurde in kleinen Trümmern, ohne Organisation und in großer Unordnung ausgeführt. General Custer war hier, dort und überall, trieb die Männer mit Freudenschreien und Flüchen vorwärts. Der große Preis war so nahe in seiner Reichweite, dass es eine Schande schien, ihn zu verlieren; aber die konföderierte Infanterie hielt hart und fest, während seine Artillerie an jeder Seite von uns Tod und Zerstörung ausstieß. Merritt und die Nacht rückten schnell voran, daher wurde, sobald eine Truppe, wie klein auch immer, organisiert war, sie nach vorne geworfen, nur um in Verwirrung und Verlust zurückzuweichen. Zuversichtlich, dass diese Art des Kampfes uns keinen Erfolg bringen würde, und befürchtend, dass der Feind die Offensive ergreifen könnte, was in unserem desorganisierten Zustand zu einer Katastrophe führen müsste, ging ich kurz nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit zu General Custer und sagte zu ihm, dass, wenn er mir erlaube, mein Regiment zu sammeln, ich die konföderierte Linie durchbrechen könnte. Er erregt erwiderte: „Kümmere dich nicht um dein Regiment; nimm alles und jedes, was du finden kannst, auch die Pferdehalter, und brich durch: wir müssen heute Abend die Straße in Besitz nehmen.\" Auf diesen Befehl hin wurde bald eine Truppe von mir organisiert, die hauptsächlich aus dem 2. New York bestand, aber teilweise aus anderen Regimentern, die in der Dunkelheit nicht zu unterscheiden waren. Damit unternahm ich einen Angriff einen engen Weg hinunter, der zu einem offenen Feld führte, auf dem die konföderierte Artillerie postiert war. Als die angreifende Kolonne aus dem Wald hervorkam, flammten plötzlich sechs helle Lichter direkt vor uns auf. Ein Tornado aus Kartätschen schoss über unsere Köpfe, und im nächsten Augenblick waren wir in der Batterie. Die Linie wurde durchbrochen, und der Feind wurde in die Flucht geschlagen. Custer drängte mit der ganzen Division nun durch die Lücke durcheinander in heißer Verfolgung, hielt weder für Gefangene noch für Geschütze an, bis die Straße nach Lynchburg, überfüllt mit Wagen und Artillerie, in unserem Besitz war. Dann drehten wir kurz nach rechts und marschierten auf das Appomattox Court House zu; aber kurz bevor wir es erreichten, entdeckten wir die Tausende von Lagerfeuern der konföderierten Armee, und die Verfolgung wurde eingestellt. Der Feind hatte sich in einem vermeintlichen Sicherheitsgefühl gelagert, dass sein Weg nach Lynchburg noch offen vor ihm liege; und er ahnte wenig, dass unsere Kavallerie sich direkt in seinem Weg postiert hatte, bis einige unserer Männer in das Appomattox Court House stürmten, wo leider Oberstleutnant Root vom 15. New York Kavallerie-Regiments sofort von einer Vorpostenwache getötet wurde. Nachdem wir die Straße gesichert hatten, schlossen sich uns andere Divisionen des Kavalleriekorps an, die zu unserer Hilfe kamen, aber zu spät, um am Kampf teilzunehmen.\n\nAufgrund des Nachtangriffs waren unsere Regimenter so durcheinandergeraten, dass es Stunden dauerte, sie wieder zu organisieren. Als dies geschehen war, marschierten wir in der Nähe des Bahnhofes und bezogen ein Nachtlager.\n\nDiese Nacht wurde in großer Angst verbracht. Wir warfen uns auf den Boden, um zu ruhen, aber nicht zu schlafen. Wir wussten, dass die Infanterie eilte, uns zu Hilfe zu kommen, aber es sei denn, sie schloss sich uns vor Sonnenaufgang an, würde unsere Kavallerielinie weggefegt werden, und die Rebellen würden trotz all unserer harten Arbeit, sie von Lynchburg abzuhalten, entkommen. Etwa bei Tagesanbruch wurde ich durch laute Hurrahs geweckt und erhielt die Nachricht, dass Ords Korps sich schnell näherte und sich hinter unserer Kavallerie formierte. Bald darauf waren wir im Sattel und bewegten uns in Richtung der Straße nach Appomattox Court House, wo das Feuer lebhafter wurde; aber plötzlich änderte sich unsere Richtung, und das gesamte Kavalleriekorps ritt im Galopp nach rechts unserer Linie, vorbei zwischen der Position der Rebellen und den sich schnell formierenden Massen unserer Infanterie, die uns mit Freudenschreien und Jubelrufen begrüßten, als wir an ihrer Front entlang galoppierten. An mehreren Stellen mussten wir uns dem „Durchgang durch den Galgen\" aus dem Feuer der Geschütze des Feindes, die um das Court House postiert waren, stellen, aber dies fügte nur dem Interesse der Szene hinzu, denn wir fühlten, dass es der letzte sterbende Versuch des Feindes war, ein tapferes Gesicht zu zeigen; wir wussten, dass wir sie diesmal hatten und dass Lees stolze Armee von Nord-Virginia endlich in unserer Gewalt war. Während wir uns mit fast einer Angriffsgeschwindigkeit bewegten, wurden wir plötzlich durch Meldungen über eine Kapitulation zum Halt gebracht. General Sheridan und sein Stab ritten herbei und eilten in großer Eile zum Court House; aber kurz nachdem sie uns verlassen hatten, wurden sie von einer Gruppe konföderierter Kavallerie beschossen, die auch auf uns feuerte, woraufhin wir prompt erwiderten und sie bald zur Flucht brachten. Unsere Linien wurden dann für einen Angriff auf die konföderierte Infanterie gebildet; aber während die Trompeten den Angriff bliesen, ritt ein Offizier mit einer weißen Flagge aus den feindlichen Linien heraus, und wir hielten an. Es war glücklich für uns, dass wir anhielten, als wir es taten, denn hätten wir angegriffen, wären wir in die Ewigkeit geschleudert worden, denn direkt vor uns lag ein Bach, auf der anderen Seite dessen sich eine konföderierte Brigade verschanzt befand, mit Batterien in Position, die Geschütze doppelt mit Kartätschen geladen. Einen solchen formidablen Aufmarsch zu Pferd anzugreifen, hätte fast zur totalen Vernichtung geführt. Nachdem wir angehalten hatten, wurden wir informiert, dass Vorbereitungen für die Kapitulation von Lees ganzer Armee getroffen wurden. Bei dieser Nachricht zerrissen Hurrahs nach Hurrahs für einige Momente die Luft, als bald alles so ruhig wurde, als wäre nichts Ungewöhnliches geschehen. Ich ritt zwischen den Linien mit Custer und Pennington vorwärts und traf mehrere alte Freunde unter den Rebellen, die herauskamen, um uns zu sehen. Unter ihnen erinnere ich mich an Lee (Gimlet) aus Virginia und Cowan aus North Carolina. Ich sah General Cadmus Wilcox gerade jenseits des Baches, wie er hin und her ging, mit den Augen auf den Boden gerichtet, genau so, wie es seine Gewohnheit war, als er Instructor an der West Point war. Ich rief ihn an, aber er achtete nicht darauf, außer dass er mich feindselig anblickte.\n\nWährend wir so über die wahrscheinlichen Bedingungen der Kapitulation diskutierten, ritten General Lee, in voller Uniform, begleitet von einem seiner Stabsoffiziere, und General Babcock vom Stab von General Grant vom Court House in Richtung unserer Linien. Als er an uns vorbeikam, hoben wir alle unsere Mützen zum Gruß, den er anmutig erwiderte.\n\nSpäter am Tag wurde unter den Rebellen lautes und anhaltendes Gejubel gehört, das von unseren Linien aufgenommen und widerhallt wurde, bis die Luft von Jubelrufen zerrissen wurde, als alles ebenso plötzlich wieder verstummte. Die Kapitulation war eine feststehende Tatsache, und die Rebellen waren über die sehr liberalen Bedingungen, die sie erhalten hatten, überglücklich. Unsere Männer, ohne Waffen, näherten sich den feindlichen Linien und teilten ihre Rationen mit dem halb verhungerten Feind und führten ruhige, freundliche Gespräche. Es gab kein Gebläse noch Prahlerei, nichts als ruhige Zufriedenheit, dass die Rebellion gebrochen und der Krieg beendet war. In der Tat schienen viele der Rebellen ebenso erfreut zu sein wie wir. Ab und zu traf man einen mürrischen, unzufriedenen Blick; aber im Allgemeinen trafen wir lächelnde Gesichter und Hände, die begierig und bereit waren, unsere eigenen zu ergreifen, besonders wenn sie etwas zu essen oder zu trinken enthielten. Nach der Kapitulation ritt ich mit Oberst Pennington und anderen zum Court House und besuchte das Haus, in dem die Kapitulation stattgefunden hatte, auf der Suche nach einem Andenken an die Gelegenheit. Wir fanden, dass alles vor unserer Ankunft angeeignet worden war. Herr Wilmer McLean, in dessen Haus die Kapitulation stattfand, informierte uns, dass auf seinem Bauernhof in Manassas die erste Schlacht von Bull Run geschlagen wurde. Ich bat ihn, seinen Namen in mein Tagebuch zu schreiben, wofür ich ihm, zu seiner großen Überraschung, einen Dollar gab. Andere taten dasselbe, und mir wurde gesagt, dass er auf diese Weise eine reiche goldene Ernte erhielt.\n\nWährend alle Regimenter der Division in großem Maße an dem Ruhm dieser beiden Tage teilhatten, übertraf keines das 2. New York Kavallerie-Regiment in seiner Bilanz großer und glorreicher Taten. Mit Recht konnten ihre Offiziere und Männer ihre Köpfe hoch tragen und sich mit Stolz erheben, als sie die Glückwünsche und Lobeshymnen erhielten, die ihnen von allen Seiten zuteil wurden. Sie fühlten, dass sie ihre Pflicht getan und dem „wankenden Riesen\" einen Schlag versetzt hatten, der ihn zu ihren Füßen niedergestreckt hatte, von dem man hofft, dass er sich nie wieder erheben wird.\n\nAnmerkung des Abschreibers:\n\nDie folgenden Druckfehler wurden korrigiert:\n„crowed\" korrigiert zu „crowded\" (Seite 7)\n„on on\" korrigiert zu „on\" (Seite 9)\n„unusal\" korrigiert zu „unusual\" (Seite 9)\n\nEnde von Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, von Alanson M. Randol","comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":108,"misaligned_seg":1,"spans":[{"src":"Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at","tgt":"Herausgegeben vom Online Distributed Proofreading Team unter","comet_qe":0.7815151810646057,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images","tgt":"http://www.pgdp.net (Diese Datei wurde aus Bildern erstellt,","comet_qe":0.8476582765579224,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)","tgt":"die großzügig vom Internet Archive/American Libraries zur Verfügung gestellt wurden.)","comet_qe":0.7951985597610474,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","tgt":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","comet_qe":0.7216008305549622,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY","tgt":"THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY","comet_qe":0.3760066032409668,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"(HARRIS' LIGHT)","tgt":"(HARRIS' LIGHT)","comet_qe":0.5956178903579712,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.","tgt":"BEI APPOMATTOX STATION UND APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, 8. UND 9. APRIL 1865.","comet_qe":0.8197236657142639,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"BY ALANSON M. RANDOL","tgt":"VON ALANSON M. RANDOL","comet_qe":0.8535699844360352,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"_Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York Cavalry), Bvt.","tgt":"_Major der 1. US-Artillerie (zuvor Oberst des 2. New York Kavallerie), Brigadegeneral a.","comet_qe":0.7860739231109619,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Brig-General, U. S. Vols._","tgt":"D., US-Freiwilligenarmee._","comet_qe":0.5547298192977905,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,","tgt":"ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,","comet_qe":0.6749178171157837,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"1886.","tgt":"1886.","comet_qe":0.8592820167541504,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","tgt":"LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.","comet_qe":0.7216008305549622,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"During the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry was in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike.","tgt":"Im Winter 1864/65 hielt sich das 2. New York (Harris' Light) Kavallerie-Regiment in den Winterquartieren in der Nähe von Winchester, Virginia, an der Romney-Straße auf.","comet_qe":0.7864558100700378,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Alanson M. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the regiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New Jersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps.","tgt":"Alanson M. Randol, Hauptmann der 1. US-Artillerie, war Oberst des Regiments, das zusammen mit dem 1. Connecticut, dem 2. Ohio und dem 3. New Jersey die erste Brigade der dritten Division des Kavalleriekorps bildete.","comet_qe":0.8339433670043945,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The division was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C. M. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New Jersey Cavalry.","tgt":"Die Division wurde von General George A. Custer kommandiert; die Brigade von A. C. M. Pennington, Hauptmann der 2. US-Artillerie und Oberst des 3. New Jersey Kavallerie-Regiments.","comet_qe":0.8315359354019165,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt and Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery) and Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of General Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester, and, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and fortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the 27th of March.","tgt":"Am 27. Februar 1865 verließen die Divisionen von Merritt und Custer mit den Batterien von Miller (4. US-Artillerie) und Woodruff (2. US-Artillerie), alle unter dem Befehl von General Sheridan, ihre Winterquartiere in und um Winchester und schlossen sich nach einer Reihe glänzender Siege und unübertroffener Märsche und Glücksfälle am 27. März der Armee des Potomac vor Petersburg an. Das 2.","comet_qe":0.7637467384338379,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories and miseries of this great and successful raid.","tgt":"New York Kavallerie-Regiment teilte in großem Maße die Ruhm und das Leid dieses großen und erfolgreichen Streifzugs.","comet_qe":0.6964841485023499,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At Five Forks, Deep Creek, and Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious record, but added to its great renown.","tgt":"Bei Five Forks, Deep Creek und Sailors Creek bewahrte es nicht nur seine tapfere und verdienstvolle Bilanz, sondern vergrößerte seinen großen Ruhm.","comet_qe":0.8474661707878113,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At the gentle and joyous passage of arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax of its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.","tgt":"Bei dem sanften und freudigen Waffenwechsel an der Appomattox Station am 8. April erreichte es den Höhepunkt seines Ruhms und berührte durch seine kühnen Taten den Gipfel des Ruhms.","comet_qe":0.8286792039871216,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as pregnant with good results as any single action of the war.","tgt":"An diesem Tag vollbrachte es Wunder der Tapferkeit und errang Erfolge, die so fruchtbar an guten Ergebnissen waren wie jede einzelne Aktion des Krieges.","comet_qe":0.8026500344276428,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"By forcing a passage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed largely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.","tgt":"Durch das Erzwingen eines Durchbruchs durch die feindlichen Linien und das Abfangen von Lees Armee trug es maßgeblich zu dem Ergebnis bei, das am nächsten Tag folgte – der Kapitulation der konföderierten Armee von Nord-Virginia.","comet_qe":0.8323155641555786,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"* * * * *","tgt":"* * * * *","comet_qe":0.7761257886886597,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"On the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River.","tgt":"In der Nacht des 7. April lagerten wir am Buffalo River.","comet_qe":0.8537882566452026,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Moving at an early hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect Station, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would strike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army.","tgt":"Am frühen Morgen des 8. überquerten wir die Eisenbahnstrecke von Lynchburg an der Prospect Station und marschierten auf die Appomattox Station zu, wo wir erwarteten, Lees zurückweichende, sich auflösende Armee zu treffen oder zumindest abzufangen.","comet_qe":0.8125550746917725,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The trail was fresh and the chase hot.","tgt":"Die Spur war frisch und die Verfolgung heiß.","comet_qe":0.6992642879486084,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that the end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the glorious opportunity of striking the final blow.","tgt":"Freude leuchtete in jedem Auge, denn alle spürten, dass das Ende nahe rückte, und wir hofften innig, dass uns die glorreiche Gelegenheit zuteil werden möge, den letzten Schlag zu führen.","comet_qe":0.8195291757583618,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"About noon the regiment was detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the crossings of the Appomattox.","tgt":"Etwa um die Mittagszeit wurde das Regiment abgetrennt, um eine feindliche Truppe zu ergreifen, die sich angeblich an einer der Überquerungen des Appomattox befand.","comet_qe":0.8317986726760864,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved, stragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the Provost Marshall.","tgt":"Einige wenige Hundert, unbewaffnet, halb verhungert, Deserteure, ohne Kampfeswillen, wurden gefunden und dem Provost Marshal übergeben.","comet_qe":0.753699779510498,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to report with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting","tgt":"Nachdem es seinen Platz in der Kolonne wieder eingenommen hatte, erhielt ich den Befehl, mich mit dem Regiment bei General Custer zu melden, der sich an der Spitze befand.","comet_qe":0.7906517386436462,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"in compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts had reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with supplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction with Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here till Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and had sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from him in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the","tgt":"Bei der Meldung gemäß diesem Befehl teilte mir General Custer mit, dass seine Späher drei große Züge von Waggons an der Appomattox Station gemeldet hätten, beladen mit Vorräten für die konföderierte Armee; dass er erwarte, sich in der Nähe dieses Punktes mit der Division von Merritt zu vereinigen; dass sein Befehl laute, hier zu warten, bis Merritt ihn erreiche; dass er seit dem Morgen nichts von ihm gehört habe und einen Offizier gesandt habe, um mit ihm zu kommunizieren, aber wenn er innerhalb einer halben Stunde nichts von ihm höre, wolle er, dass ich mein Regiment nehme und die Waggonszüge ergreife und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg erreiche und halte.","comet_qe":0.6654280424118042,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"trains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.","tgt":"","comet_qe":0.0,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":true},{"src":"While talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly heard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in advance.","tgt":"Während wir sprachen, wurde die Pfeife der Lokomotive deutlich, aber schwach gehört, und die Kolonne wurde sofort vorwärts bewegt, wobei das 2. New York an der Spitze stand.","comet_qe":0.7485514283180237,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As we neared the station the whistles became more and more distinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the advance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.","tgt":"Als wir uns der Station näherten, wurden die Pfeifen immer deutlicher, und ein Späher berichtete, dass die Züge sich schnell entluden und dass die Vorhut der konföderierten Armee durch das Appomattox Court House zog.","comet_qe":0.7427334189414978,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Although Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before coming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive blow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not, Merritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape.","tgt":"Obwohl Custers Befehl lautete, sich vor dem Kontakt mit dem Feind mit Merritt zu vereinigen, bot sich hier eine Chance, einen entscheidenden Schlag zu führen, der, falls erfolgreich, seinen Ruhm und seine Ehre vergrößern würde, und falls nicht, Merritt bald herbeieilen würde, um ihn aus der Klemme zu helfen.","comet_qe":0.8047501444816589,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our excitement was intense, but subdued.","tgt":"Unsere Aufregung war intensiv, aber unterdrückt.","comet_qe":0.8477367758750916,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"All saw the vital importance of heading off the enemy.","tgt":"Alle erkannten die lebenswichtige Bedeutung, den Feind abzufangen.","comet_qe":0.7836302518844604,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the question.","tgt":"Eine weitere Pfeife, näher und klarer, und ein weiterer Späher entschieden die Frage.","comet_qe":0.6459949612617493,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the trains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.","tgt":"Ich erhielt den Befehl, schnell zur Appomattox Station vorzurücken, die Züge dort zu ergreifen und, wenn möglich, die Straße nach Lynchburg in Besitz zu nehmen.","comet_qe":0.7664855718612671,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"General Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my shoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is the chance for your stars.","tgt":"General Custer ritt an meine Seite und legte seine Hand auf meine Schulter, sagte: „Geh rein, alter Freund, lass dich von nichts aufhalten; jetzt ist die Chance für deine Sterne.","comet_qe":0.8049191236495972,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\"","tgt":"Bring sie in Schwung; ich komme hinterher.\"","comet_qe":0.6448405981063843,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The regiment left the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we caught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a cheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three trains of cars, with the force guarding them.","tgt":"Das Regiment verließ die Kolonne im langsamen Trab, der immer schneller wurde, bis wir die Waggons erblickten, die sich darauf vorbereiteten, wegzufahren, woraufhin wir mit einem Freudenschrei auf die Station stürmten und in einem Augenblick die drei Waggonszüge mit der sie bewachenden Truppe erbeuteten.","comet_qe":0.7906253337860107,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I called for engineers and firemen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men around me offered their services.","tgt":"Ich forderte Ingenieure und Heizer auf, die Züge zu übernehmen, woraufhin mindestens ein Dutzend meiner Männer um mich herum ihre Dienste anbot.","comet_qe":0.8071612119674683,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I chose the number required, and ordered the trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were claimed as captures by General Ord's corps.","tgt":"Ich wählte die benötigte Anzahl und befahl, die Züge nach hinten zu fahren, wo ich später erfuhr, dass sie vom Korps von General Ord als Beute beansprucht wurden.","comet_qe":0.8282322883605957,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The cars were loaded with commissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the rebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly down on them.","tgt":"Die Waggons waren mit Verpflegungsvorräten beladen, ein Teil davon war bereits entladen worden, wovon sich die konföderierte Vorhut gerade bewirtete, als wir so unerwartet auf sie stürzten.","comet_qe":0.6594205498695374,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a fierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did but little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by a dense woods.","tgt":"Während sich das Regiment nach dem Angriff sammelte, eröffnete der Feind ein heftiges Feuer mit allen Arten von Geschützen – Feld- und Belagerungsgeschützen –, was jedoch wenig Schaden anrichtete, da das Regiment durch einen dichten Wald vor dem Blick des Feindes geschützt war.","comet_qe":0.8315601348876953,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel Pennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily skirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.","tgt":"Ich sandte sofort eine Meldung an General Custer und Oberst Pennington über meinen Erfolg, rückte vor – meine Vorhut war eifrig im Gefecht – und folgte mit dem Regiment in Schlachtordnung, zu Pferd.","comet_qe":0.7586464881896973,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily constructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.","tgt":"Die Vorhut wurde bald vom Feind aufgehalten, der sich hinter hastig errichteten Schanzen in einem dichten Wald aus zweitem Kiefernbestand verschanzt hatte.","comet_qe":0.7617709636688232,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Flushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which immense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was ordered to charge.","tgt":"Berauscht vom Erfolg und begierig, die Straße nach Lynchburg zu erreichen, entlang derer riesige Wagen- und Belagerungszüge sich schnell bewegten, wurde das Regiment zum Angriff befohlen.","comet_qe":0.773604154586792,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Three times did it try to break through the enemy's lines, but failed.","tgt":"Dreimal versuchte es, die feindlichen Linien zu durchbrechen, aber es scheiterte.","comet_qe":0.8712986707687378,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest of the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed.","tgt":"Oberst Pennington traf mit dem Rest der Brigade auf dem Schlachtfeld ein, woraufhin insgesamt ein Sturmangriff unternommen wurde, der jedoch scheiterte.","comet_qe":0.7552138566970825,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Then Custer, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed.","tgt":"Dann versuchte Custer mit der ganzen Division, aber auch er scheiterte.","comet_qe":0.809506893157959,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Charge and charge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without organization and in great disorder.","tgt":"Angriff und erneut Angriff war nun der Befehl, aber er wurde in kleinen Trümmern, ohne Organisation und in großer Unordnung ausgeführt.","comet_qe":0.666001558303833,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"General Custer was here, there, and everywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths.","tgt":"General Custer war hier, dort und überall, trieb die Männer mit Freudenschreien und Flüchen vorwärts.","comet_qe":0.7533943057060242,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The great prize was so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel infantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and destruction on every side of us.","tgt":"Der große Preis war so nahe in seiner Reichweite, dass es eine Schande schien, ihn zu verlieren; aber die konföderierte Infanterie hielt hart und fest, während seine Artillerie an jeder Seite von uns Tod und Zerstörung ausstieß.","comet_qe":0.7817932963371277,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Merritt and night were fast coming on, so as soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward, only to recoil in confusion and loss.","tgt":"Merritt und die Nacht rückten schnell voran, daher wurde, sobald eine Truppe, wie klein auch immer, organisiert war, sie nach vorne geworfen, nur um in Verwirrung und Verlust zurückzuweichen.","comet_qe":0.7345230579376221,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Confident that this mode of fighting would not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the offensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I went to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would let me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He","tgt":"Zuversichtlich, dass diese Art des Kampfes uns keinen Erfolg bringen würde, und befürchtend, dass der Feind die Offensive ergreifen könnte, was in unserem desorganisierten Zustand zu einer Katastrophe führen müsste, ging ich kurz nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit zu General Custer und sagte zu ihm, dass, wenn er mir erlaube, mein Regiment zu sammeln, ich die konföderierte Linie durchbrechen könnte.","comet_qe":0.8438287973403931,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"excitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything you can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold of the pike to-night.\"","tgt":"Er erregt erwiderte: „Kümmere dich nicht um dein Regiment; nimm alles und jedes, was du finden kannst, auch die Pferdehalter, und brich durch: wir müssen heute Abend die Straße in Besitz nehmen.\"","comet_qe":0.6654328107833862,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by me, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other regiments, undistinguishable in the darkness.","tgt":"Auf diesen Befehl hin wurde bald eine Truppe von mir organisiert, die hauptsächlich aus dem 2. New York bestand, aber teilweise aus anderen Regimentern, die in der Dunkelheit nicht zu unterscheiden waren.","comet_qe":0.8304808139801025,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"With this I made a charge down a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery was posted.","tgt":"Damit unternahm ich einen Angriff einen engen Weg hinunter, der zu einem offenen Feld führte, auf dem die konföderierte Artillerie postiert war.","comet_qe":0.8232520818710327,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright lights suddenly flashed directly before us.","tgt":"Als die angreifende Kolonne aus dem Wald hervorkam, flammten plötzlich sechs helle Lichter direkt vor uns auf.","comet_qe":0.7950544953346252,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"A toronado of canister-shot swept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The","tgt":"Ein Tornado aus Kartätschen schoss über unsere Köpfe, und im nächsten Augenblick waren wir in der Batterie.","comet_qe":0.7063755989074707,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"line was broken, and the enemy routed.","tgt":"Die Linie wurde durchbrochen, und der Feind wurde in die Flucht geschlagen.","comet_qe":0.7891542911529541,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Custer, with the whole division, now pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither prisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and artillery, was in our possession.","tgt":"Custer drängte mit der ganzen Division nun durch die Lücke durcheinander in heißer Verfolgung, hielt weder für Gefangene noch für Geschütze an, bis die Straße nach Lynchburg, überfüllt mit Wagen und Artillerie, in unserem Besitz war.","comet_qe":0.6984632015228271,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We then turned short to the right and headed for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we discovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit was checked.","tgt":"Dann drehten wir kurz nach rechts und marschierten auf das Appomattox Court House zu; aber kurz bevor wir es erreichten, entdeckten wir die Tausende von Lagerfeuern der konföderierten Armee, und die Verfolgung wurde eingestellt.","comet_qe":0.8251553177833557,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his route to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that our cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our men dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant Colonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a picket guard.","tgt":"Der Feind hatte sich in einem vermeintlichen Sicherheitsgefühl gelagert, dass sein Weg nach Lynchburg noch offen vor ihm liege; und er ahnte wenig, dass unsere Kavallerie sich direkt in seinem Weg postiert hatte, bis einige unserer Männer in das Appomattox Court House stürmten, wo leider Oberstleutnant Root vom 15. New York Kavallerie-Regiments sofort von einer Vorpostenwache getötet wurde.","comet_qe":0.7597165703773499,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After we had seized the road, we were joined by other divisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late to take part in the fight.","tgt":"Nachdem wir die Straße gesichert hatten, schlossen sich uns andere Divisionen des Kavalleriekorps an, die zu unserer Hilfe kamen, aber zu spät, um am Kampf teilzunehmen.","comet_qe":0.8577861189842224,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Owing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took hours to reorganize them.","tgt":"Aufgrund des Nachtangriffs waren unsere Regimenter so durcheinandergeraten, dass es Stunden dauerte, sie wieder zu organisieren.","comet_qe":0.8644031882286072,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"When this was effected, we marched near to the railroad station and bivouacked.","tgt":"Als dies geschehen war, marschierten wir in der Nähe des Bahnhofes und bezogen ein Nachtlager.","comet_qe":0.7953193187713623,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"That night was passed in great anxiety.","tgt":"Diese Nacht wurde in großer Angst verbracht.","comet_qe":0.8655077219009399,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We threw ourselves on the ground to rest, but not to sleep.","tgt":"Wir warfen uns auf den Boden, um zu ruhen, aber nicht zu schlafen.","comet_qe":0.8539184331893921,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We knew that the infantry was hastening to our assistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line would be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work to head them off from Lynchburg.","tgt":"Wir wussten, dass die Infanterie eilte, uns zu Hilfe zu kommen, aber es sei denn, sie schloss sich uns vor Sonnenaufgang an, würde unsere Kavallerielinie weggefegt werden, und die Rebellen würden trotz all unserer harten Arbeit, sie von Lynchburg abzuhalten, entkommen.","comet_qe":0.8213223218917847,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"About daybreak I was aroused by loud hurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming in rear of our cavalry.","tgt":"Etwa bei Tagesanbruch wurde ich durch laute Hurrahs geweckt und erhielt die Nachricht, dass Ords Korps sich schnell näherte und sich hinter unserer Kavallerie formierte.","comet_qe":0.8256620764732361,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Soon after we were in the saddle and moving towards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing lively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry corps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the position of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who greeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.","tgt":"Bald darauf waren wir im Sattel und bewegten uns in Richtung der Straße nach Appomattox Court House, wo das Feuer lebhafter wurde; aber plötzlich änderte sich unsere Richtung, und das gesamte Kavalleriekorps ritt im Galopp nach rechts unserer Linie, vorbei zwischen der Position der Rebellen und den sich schnell formierenden Massen unserer Infanterie, die uns mit Freudenschreien und Jubelrufen begrüßten, als wir an ihrer Front entlang galoppierten.","comet_qe":0.8089317083358765,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's guns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest of the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy to put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at last Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy.","tgt":"An mehreren Stellen mussten wir uns dem „Durchgang durch den Galgen\" aus dem Feuer der Geschütze des Feindes, die um das Court House postiert waren, stellen, aber dies fügte nur dem Interesse der Szene hinzu, denn wir fühlten, dass es der letzte sterbende Versuch des Feindes war, ein tapferes Gesicht zu zeigen; wir wussten, dass wir sie diesmal hatten und dass Lees stolze Armee von Nord-Virginia endlich in unserer Gewalt war.","comet_qe":0.7429420351982117,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While moving at almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of a surrender.","tgt":"Während wir uns mit fast einer Angriffsgeschwindigkeit bewegten, wurden wir plötzlich durch Meldungen über eine Kapitulation zum Halt gebracht.","comet_qe":0.8174546360969543,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste for the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a party of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly replied, and soon put them to flight.","tgt":"General Sheridan und sein Stab ritten herbei und eilten in großer Eile zum Court House; aber kurz nachdem sie uns verlassen hatten, wurden sie von einer Gruppe konföderierter Kavallerie beschossen, die auch auf uns feuerte, woraufhin wir prompt erwiderten und sie bald zur Flucht brachten.","comet_qe":0.8209868669509888,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our lines were then formed for a charge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the charge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we halted.","tgt":"Unsere Linien wurden dann für einen Angriff auf die konföderierte Infanterie gebildet; aber während die Trompeten den Angriff bliesen, ritt ein Offizier mit einer weißen Flagge aus den feindlichen Linien heraus, und wir hielten an.","comet_qe":0.7904356718063354,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we charged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front was a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched, with batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have","tgt":"Es war glücklich für uns, dass wir anhielten, als wir es taten, denn hätten wir angegriffen, wären wir in die Ewigkeit geschleudert worden, denn direkt vor uns lag ein Bach, auf der anderen Seite dessen sich eine konföderierte Brigade verschanzt befand, mit Batterien in Position, die Geschütze doppelt mit Kartätschen geladen.","comet_qe":0.7136330604553223,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"charged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost total annihilation.","tgt":"Einen solchen formidablen Aufmarsch zu Pferd anzugreifen, hätte fast zur totalen Vernichtung geführt.","comet_qe":0.513034999370575,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After we had halted, we were informed that preliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.","tgt":"Nachdem wir angehalten hatten, wurden wir informiert, dass Vorbereitungen für die Kapitulation von Lees ganzer Armee getroffen wurden.","comet_qe":0.8535443544387817,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"At this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon all became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred.","tgt":"Bei dieser Nachricht zerrissen Hurrahs nach Hurrahs für einige Momente die Luft, als bald alles so ruhig wurde, als wäre nichts Ungewöhnliches geschehen.","comet_qe":0.5077747106552124,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I rode forward between the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends among the rebels, who came out to see us.","tgt":"Ich ritt zwischen den Linien mit Custer und Pennington vorwärts und traf mehrere alte Freunde unter den Rebellen, die herauskamen, um uns zu sehen.","comet_qe":0.8307416439056396,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Among them, I remember Lee (Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina.","tgt":"Unter ihnen erinnere ich mich an Lee (Gimlet) aus Virginia und Cowan aus North Carolina.","comet_qe":0.8650367856025696,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I saw General Cadmus Wilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the ground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point.","tgt":"Ich sah General Cadmus Wilcox gerade jenseits des Baches, wie er hin und her ging, mit den Augen auf den Boden gerichtet, genau so, wie es seine Gewohnheit war, als er Instructor an der West Point war.","comet_qe":0.8192233443260193,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I called to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a hostile manner.","tgt":"Ich rief ihn an, aber er achtete nicht darauf, außer dass er mich feindselig anblickte.","comet_qe":0.8660953044891357,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General Lee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General Babcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our lines.","tgt":"Während wir so über die wahrscheinlichen Bedingungen der Kapitulation diskutierten, ritten General Lee, in voller Uniform, begleitet von einem seiner Stabsoffiziere, und General Babcock vom Stab von General Grant vom Court House in Richtung unserer Linien.","comet_qe":0.8335864543914795,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he","tgt":"Als er an uns vorbeikam, hoben wir alle unsere Mützen zum Gruß, den er anmutig erwiderte.","comet_qe":0.7675820589065552,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"gracefully returned. Later in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels, which was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with cheers, when all as suddenly subsided.","tgt":"Später am Tag wurde unter den Rebellen lautes und anhaltendes Gejubel gehört, das von unseren Linien aufgenommen und widerhallt wurde, bis die Luft von Jubelrufen zerrissen wurde, als alles ebenso plötzlich wieder verstummte.","comet_qe":0.6805195212364197,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The surrender was a fixed fact, and the rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received.","tgt":"Die Kapitulation war eine feststehende Tatsache, und die Rebellen waren über die sehr liberalen Bedingungen, die sie erhalten hatten, überglücklich.","comet_qe":0.8630799651145935,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Our men, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations with the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.","tgt":"Unsere Männer, ohne Waffen, näherten sich den feindlichen Linien und teilten ihre Rationen mit dem halb verhungerten Feind und führten ruhige, freundliche Gespräche.","comet_qe":0.8613499402999878,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"There was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that the rebellion was crushed, and the war ended.","tgt":"Es gab kein Gebläse noch Prahlerei, nichts als ruhige Zufriedenheit, dass die Rebellion gebrochen und der Krieg beendet war.","comet_qe":0.8268095254898071,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"In fact, many of the rebels seemed as much pleased as we were.","tgt":"In der Tat schienen viele der Rebellen ebenso erfreut zu sein wie wir.","comet_qe":0.8722653388977051,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Now and then one would meet a surly, dissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands eager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to eat or drink.","tgt":"Ab und zu traf man einen mürrischen, unzufriedenen Blick; aber im Allgemeinen trafen wir lächelnde Gesichter und Hände, die begierig und bereit waren, unsere eigenen zu ergreifen, besonders wenn sie etwas zu essen oder zu trinken enthielten.","comet_qe":0.8182008266448975,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with Colonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender had taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion.","tgt":"Nach der Kapitulation ritt ich mit Oberst Pennington und anderen zum Court House und besuchte das Haus, in dem die Kapitulation stattgefunden hatte, auf der Suche nach einem Andenken an die Gelegenheit.","comet_qe":0.8527623414993286,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"We found that everything had been appropriated before our arrival.","tgt":"Wir fanden, dass alles vor unserer Ankunft angeeignet worden war.","comet_qe":0.8129380941390991,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Mr. Wilmer McLean, in whose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at Manassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought.","tgt":"Herr Wilmer McLean, in dessen Haus die Kapitulation stattfand, informierte uns, dass auf seinem Bauernhof in Manassas die erste Schlacht von Bull Run geschlagen wurde.","comet_qe":0.7659394145011902,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"I asked him to write his name in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.","tgt":"Ich bat ihn, seinen Namen in mein Tagebuch zu schreiben, wofür ich ihm, zu seiner großen Überraschung, einen Dollar gab.","comet_qe":0.8710043430328369,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Others did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden harvest.","tgt":"Andere taten dasselbe, und mir wurde gesagt, dass er auf diese Weise eine reiche goldene Ernte erhielt.","comet_qe":0.8459343314170837,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"While all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories of these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record of great and glorious deeds.","tgt":"Während alle Regimenter der Division in großem Maße an dem Ruhm dieser beiden Tage teilhatten, übertraf keines das 2. New York Kavallerie-Regiment in seiner Bilanz großer und glorreicher Taten.","comet_qe":0.8427474498748779,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Well might its officers and men carry their heads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the congratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides.","tgt":"Mit Recht konnten ihre Offiziere und Männer ihre Köpfe hoch tragen und sich mit Stolz erheben, als sie die Glückwünsche und Lobeshymnen erhielten, die ihnen von allen Seiten zuteil wurden.","comet_qe":0.7909733057022095,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"They felt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that laid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.","tgt":"Sie fühlten, dass sie ihre Pflicht getan und dem „wankenden Riesen\" einen Schlag versetzt hatten, der ihn zu ihren Füßen niedergestreckt hatte, von dem man hofft, dass er sich nie wieder erheben wird.","comet_qe":0.7556552290916443,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"Transcriber's Note:","tgt":"Anmerkung des Abschreibers:","comet_qe":0.8030754327774048,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"The following misprints have been corrected:","tgt":"Die folgenden Druckfehler wurden korrigiert:","comet_qe":0.8567584156990051,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)","tgt":"„crowed\" korrigiert zu „crowded\" (Seite 7)","comet_qe":0.6661801338195801,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)","tgt":"„on on\" korrigiert zu „on\" (Seite 9)","comet_qe":0.7122681736946106,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"\"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)","tgt":"„unusal\" korrigiert zu „unusual\" (Seite 9)","comet_qe":0.6883327960968018,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false},{"src":"End of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol ***","tgt":"Ende von Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, von Alanson M. Randol","comet_qe":0.8101503849029541,"hallucinated":false,"deleted":false}],"segale_error":null,"_ng_task_index":28,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}} diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_agent_metrics.json b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_agent_metrics.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a2b6dc78af --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_agent_metrics.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"mean/reward":0.6962612928365987,"mean/comet_qe":0.6962612928365987,"mean/lang_fidelity":1.0,"mean/total_seg":225.6,"mean/misaligned_seg":6.4,"mean/input_tokens":4970.4,"mean/output_tokens":4471.8,"mean/total_tokens":9442.2,"max/reward":0.7699517591132058,"max/comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"max/lang_fidelity":1.0,"max/total_seg":523.0,"max/misaligned_seg":20.0,"max/input_tokens":6227.0,"max/output_tokens":6036.0,"max/total_tokens":11794.0,"min/reward":0.5150581796014286,"min/comet_qe":0.5150581796014286,"min/lang_fidelity":1.0,"min/total_seg":105.0,"min/misaligned_seg":1.0,"min/input_tokens":3690.0,"min/output_tokens":2828.0,"min/total_tokens":6518.0,"median/reward":0.7631636074611119,"median/comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"median/lang_fidelity":1.0,"median/total_seg":155.0,"median/misaligned_seg":3.0,"median/input_tokens":5487.0,"median/output_tokens":4561.0,"median/total_tokens":10239.0,"std/reward":0.11023467535511049,"std/comet_qe":0.11023467535511049,"std/lang_fidelity":0.0,"std/total_seg":174.59610534029673,"std/misaligned_seg":7.829431652425353,"std/input_tokens":1198.4449507591075,"std/output_tokens":1153.1752685520098,"std/total_tokens":2179.076914659049,"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}}] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4be367fe78 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_materialized_inputs.jsonl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "de_DE", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "German", "doc_id": "Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1886, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31974", "responses_create_params": {"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to German.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only German.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** \n"}], "max_output_tokens": 30000, "temperature": 0.0}, "agent_ref": {"name": "longmt_pg19_agent"}, "_ng_task_index": 28, "_ng_rollout_index": 0} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "es_MX", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "Spanish", "doc_id": "The-Fascinating-Boston-by-Alfonso-Josephs-Sheafe", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1913, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37443", "responses_create_params": {"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Spanish.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Spanish.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** \n"}], "max_output_tokens": 30000, "temperature": 0.0}, "agent_ref": {"name": "longmt_pg19_agent"}, "_ng_task_index": 142, "_ng_rollout_index": 0} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "zh_CN", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "Chinese", "doc_id": "Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1886, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31974", "responses_create_params": {"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** \n"}], "max_output_tokens": 30000, "temperature": 0.0}, "agent_ref": {"name": "longmt_pg19_agent"}, "_ng_task_index": 528, "_ng_rollout_index": 0} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE VISION\n\nOF\n\nHELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE\n\n\n\n\n\nBY\n\nDANTE ALIGHIERI\n\n\n\nTRANSLATED BY\n\nTHE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "zh_CN", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "Chinese", "doc_id": "The-Vision-of-Hell-Part-10-by-Dante-Alighieri", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1892, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8788", "responses_create_params": {"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE VISION\n\nOF\n\nHELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE\n\n\n\n\n\nBY\n\nDANTE ALIGHIERI\n\n\n\nTRANSLATED BY\n\nTHE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** \n"}], "max_output_tokens": 30000, "temperature": 0.0}, "agent_ref": {"name": "longmt_pg19_agent"}, "_ng_task_index": 597, "_ng_rollout_index": 0} +{"text": "\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** ", "source_language": "en", "target_language": "zh_CN", "source_lang_name": "English", "target_lang_name": "Chinese", "doc_id": "A-Doctor-of-the-Old-School-Part-1-by-Ian-Maclaren", "seg_id": 1, "publication_date": 1895, "url": "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9315", "responses_create_params": {"input": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** \n"}], "max_output_tokens": 30000, "temperature": 0.0}, "agent_ref": {"name": "longmt_pg19_agent"}, "_ng_task_index": 598, "_ng_rollout_index": 0} diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_reward_profiling.jsonl b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_reward_profiling.jsonl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2026a1c4a --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/data/example_rollouts_reward_profiling.jsonl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +{"_ng_task_index":28,"mean/reward":0.7699517591132058,"mean/comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"mean/lang_fidelity":1.0,"mean/total_seg":108.0,"mean/misaligned_seg":1.0,"mean/input_tokens":3690.0,"mean/output_tokens":4182.0,"mean/total_tokens":7872.0,"max/reward":0.7699517591132058,"max/comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"max/lang_fidelity":1.0,"max/total_seg":108.0,"max/misaligned_seg":1.0,"max/input_tokens":3690.0,"max/output_tokens":4182.0,"max/total_tokens":7872.0,"min/reward":0.7699517591132058,"min/comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"min/lang_fidelity":1.0,"min/total_seg":108.0,"min/misaligned_seg":1.0,"min/input_tokens":3690.0,"min/output_tokens":4182.0,"min/total_tokens":7872.0,"median/reward":0.7699517591132058,"median/comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"median/lang_fidelity":1.0,"median/total_seg":108.0,"median/misaligned_seg":1.0,"median/input_tokens":3690.0,"median/output_tokens":4182.0,"median/total_tokens":7872.0,"std/reward":0.0,"std/comet_qe":0.0,"std/lang_fidelity":0.0,"std/total_seg":0.0,"std/misaligned_seg":0.0,"std/input_tokens":0.0,"std/output_tokens":0.0,"std/total_tokens":0.0,"sample":{"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"de_DE","source_lang_name":"English","target_lang_name":"German","doc_id":"Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol","seg_id":1,"publication_date":1886,"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31974","responses_create_params":{"input":[{"role":"user","content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to German.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only German.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** \n"}],"max_output_tokens":30000,"temperature":0.0},"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}},"num_rollouts":1,"expected_num_rollouts":1,"missing_num_rollouts":0,"reward_profile_completion_pct":100.0,"rollout_infos":[{"rollout_id":"28:0","_ng_task_index":28,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"reward":0.7699517591132058,"input_tokens":3690,"output_tokens":4182,"total_tokens":7872,"comet_qe":0.7699517591132058,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":108,"misaligned_seg":1}]} +{"_ng_task_index":142,"mean/reward":0.7667728444946467,"mean/comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"mean/lang_fidelity":1.0,"mean/total_seg":237.0,"mean/misaligned_seg":6.0,"mean/input_tokens":5758.0,"mean/output_tokens":6036.0,"mean/total_tokens":11794.0,"max/reward":0.7667728444946467,"max/comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"max/lang_fidelity":1.0,"max/total_seg":237.0,"max/misaligned_seg":6.0,"max/input_tokens":5758.0,"max/output_tokens":6036.0,"max/total_tokens":11794.0,"min/reward":0.7667728444946467,"min/comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"min/lang_fidelity":1.0,"min/total_seg":237.0,"min/misaligned_seg":6.0,"min/input_tokens":5758.0,"min/output_tokens":6036.0,"min/total_tokens":11794.0,"median/reward":0.7667728444946467,"median/comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"median/lang_fidelity":1.0,"median/total_seg":237.0,"median/misaligned_seg":6.0,"median/input_tokens":5758.0,"median/output_tokens":6036.0,"median/total_tokens":11794.0,"std/reward":0.0,"std/comet_qe":0.0,"std/lang_fidelity":0.0,"std/total_seg":0.0,"std/misaligned_seg":0.0,"std/input_tokens":0.0,"std/output_tokens":0.0,"std/total_tokens":0.0,"sample":{"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"es_MX","source_lang_name":"English","target_lang_name":"Spanish","doc_id":"The-Fascinating-Boston-by-Alfonso-Josephs-Sheafe","seg_id":1,"publication_date":1913,"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37443","responses_create_params":{"input":[{"role":"user","content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Spanish.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Spanish.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was\nproduced from images generously made available by the\nLibrary of Congress)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\n THE FASCINATING\n BOSTON\n\n How to Dance and How to Teach the\n Popular New Social Favorite\n\n _By_\n ALFONSO JOSEPHS SHEAFE\n Master of Dancing\n\n _Translator and Editor of\n Zorn's Grammar of the Art of Dancing_\n\n\n Boston, Mass.\n THE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY\n New York: G. Schirmer, Incorporated\n\n Copyright, 1913, by\n THE BOSTON MUSIC CO.\n For all countries\n\n\n B. M. Co. 3366\n\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n Page\n\nFOREWORD 1\n\nTHE BOSTON\n THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS 5\n THE POSITION OF THE PARTNERS 8\n THE STEP OF THE BOSTON 12\n THE LONG BOSTON 22\n THE SHORT BOSTON 23\n THE OPEN BOSTON 24\n THE BOSTON DIP 25\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT 27\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE 28\n\nTHE TANGO 29\n\n\n\n\nTHE FASCINATING BOSTON\n\n\n\n\nFOREWORD\n\n\nSince the introduction of the waltz, more than a hundred years ago, it\nhas held the first place in the esteem of dancers throughout the\ncivilized world. There has appeared, however, a new claimant for the\nplace--one that possesses all the qualities that go to make a social\nfavorite, and has the additional advantages of greater ease of\nexecution, and wider possibilities of adaptation.\n\nThis is the BOSTON--not, as many persons suppose, a new creation nor\nindeed is it a novelty even to the American public, for it was\nintroduced here more than a generation ago; but the great popularity of\nthe Two-Step, which had just then come into vogue, and was fast gaining\nfavor under the influence of such brilliant compositions as the\nquick-step marches by Sousa, operated against its immediate acceptance.\n\nOne of the reasons why the Boston should prove today a more attractive\ndance than any other, is the fact that now there are more captivating\nairs written for this particular form of dance than for any other, and\nas the Two-Step, in its time, found its most powerful ally in the music\nto which it was adapted, the Boston has today the persuasive\nintercession of such languorous and haunting melodies as \"Love's\nAwakening\" and \"On the Wings of Dream,\" by Danglas; Sinibaldi's\n\"Thrill,\" and others.\n\nGeneral taste has gradually found out the superior charm of the Boston;\nthe pendulum of public favor has again swung in the direction of skilful\ndancing.\n\nThe recent revival of the Waltz in its proper form, has brought with it\na larger appreciation of the more worthy and graceful social dances,\nand the entire world now recognizes the wonderful beauty of the Boston,\nand has welcomed it as a real competitor.\n\nThe Boston is not a Waltz, yet it is the perfection of it. It is one of\nthose paradoxical things which, while it is impossible to be classified,\ncontains all that is to be found in almost any other dance. Even the\npersons who have so long and so loyally clung to other forms of dancing,\nand have abated none in their zeal for their favorites, have been\nunconsciously, and perhaps unwillingly, charmed by the seductiveness of\nthe Boston, until they now freely declare the new dance to be the\nsuperior of the Waltz. Therefore it is safe to say that the Boston will,\neventually, supersede the Waltz altogether.\n\nWe demand a dance which combines ease of execution with attractive\nmovement. That is just what the Boston does, and perhaps more. It is so\nsimple in construction that, when acquired, it becomes natural, and its\nperfect adaptability assures it lasting popularity.\n\nOwing to the urgent request of many of his pupils and colleagues, the\nauthor has undertaken this little book in the hope that it will meet the\nrequirements of both teachers and students, and help to assure the\nproper appreciation of what is in reality the most delightful and\nartistic social dance since the Minuet.\n\n\nTHE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS\n\nIn order that the reader may the more readily understand the\ndescriptions given in this book, we will explain the five fundamental\npositions upon which the art of dancing rests.\n\nIn the 1st position, the feet are together, heel against heel.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 2nd position, the heels are separated sidewise, and on the same\nline.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 3rd position, the heel of one foot touches the middle of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 4th position, the feet are separated as in walking, either\ndirectly forward or directly backward.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn the 5th position, the heel of one foot touches the point of the\nother.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nIn all these positions the feet must be turned outward to form not less\nthan a right angle.\n\n\nTHE POSITIONS OF THE PARTNERS\n\nMuch, if not all, of the adverse criticism of the Boston which has been\noffered by educators, parents and other responsible objectors, has been\ndirected at the relative positions of the partners. This is, in fact, no\nmore than the general rule as regards the Social Round Dance, with the\npossible exception that the positions have been sometimes distorted by\nattempts to copy the freer forms of dancing that have been presented\nupon the stage.\n\nThe Round Dance demands that a certain fixed grouping of the partners be\nmaintained in order that the rotation around a common moving centre may\nbe accomplished, and it is here that the most serious problem is to be\nfound.\n\nThe dancing profession long ago undertook to settle upon arbitrary\ngroupings satisfactory to the needs of the dancers, and conforming to\nall the requirements of propriety and hygienic exercise.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nActing upon this basis, the reputable teachers of dancing throughout the\nworld have adopted and promulgated three fundamental groupings for the\nRound Dance which are so constructed as to provide the greatest ease of\nexecution and freedom of action. They are known as the Waltz Position,\nthe Open Position, and the Side Position of the Waltz. All round dances\nare executed in one or another of these groupings, which are not only\naccepted by all good teachers, but, with the exception of certain minor\nand unimportant variations, rigidly adhered to in all their work.\n\nIn the Waltz Position the partners stand facing one another, with\nshoulders parallel, and looking over one another's right shoulder.\nSpecial attention must be paid to the parallel position of the\nshoulders, in order to fit the individual movements of the partners\nalong the line of direction.\n\nThe gentleman places his right hand lightly upon the lady's back, at a\npoint about half-way across, between the waist-line and the\nshoulder-blades. The fingers are so rounded as to permit the free\ncirculation of air between the palm of the hand and the lady's back, and\nshould not be spread.\n\nThe lady places her left hand lightly upon the gentleman's arm, allowing\nher fore-arm to rest gently upon his arm. The partners stand at an easy\ndistance from one another, inclining toward the common centre very\nslightly. The free hands are lightly joined at the side. This is merely\nto provide occupation for the disengaged arms, and the gentleman holds\nthe tip of the lady's hand lightly in the bended fingers of his own.\nGuiding is accomplished by the gentleman through a slight lifting of his\nright elbow.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE OPEN POSITION\n\nThe Open Position needs no explanation, and can be readily understood\nfrom the illustration facing page 8.\n\n\nTHE SIDE POSITION OF THE WALTZ\n\nThe side position of the Waltz differs from the Waltz Position only in\nthe fact that the partners stand side by side and with the engaged arms\nmore widely extended. The free arms are held as in the frontispiece. In\nthe actual rotation this position naturally resolves itself into the\nregular Waltz Position.\n\n\nTHE STEP OF THE BOSTON\n\nThe preparatory step of the Boston differs materially from that of any\nother Social Dance. There is _only one position_ of the feet in the\nBoston--the 4th. That is to say, the feet are separated one from the\nother as in walking.\n\nOn the first count of the measure the whole leg swings freely, and as a\nunit, from the hip, and the foot is put down practically flat upon the\nfloor, where it immediately receives the entire weight of the body\n_perpendicularly_. The weight is held entirely upon this foot during the\nremainder of the measure, whether it be in 3/4 or 2/4 time.\n\nThe following preparatory exercises must be practiced forward and\nbackward until the movements become natural, before proceeding.\n\nIn going backward, the foot must be carried to the rear as far as\npossible, and the weight must always be perpendicular to the supporting\nfoot.\n\nThese movements are identical with walking, and except the particular\ncare which must be bestowed upon the placing of the foot on the first\ncount of the measure, they require no special degree of attention.\n\nOn the second count the free leg swings forward until the knee has\nbecome entirely straightened, and is held, suspended, during the third\ncount of the measure. This should be practiced, first with the weight\nresting upon the entire sole of the supporting foot, and then, when this\nhas been perfectly accomplished, the same exercise may be supplemented\nby raising the heel (of the supporting foot) on the second count and\nlowering it on the third count. _Great care must be taken not to divide\nthe weight._\n\nFor the purpose of instruction, it is well to practice these steps to\nMazurka music, because of the clearness of the count.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nWhen the foregoing exercises have been so fully mastered as to become,\nin a sense, muscular habits, we may, with safety, add the next feature.\nThis consists in touching the floor with the point of the free foot, at\na point as far forward or backward as can be done without dividing the\nweight, on the second count of the measure. Thus, we have accomplished,\nas it were, an interrupted, or, at least, an arrested step, and this is\nthe true essence of the Boston.\n\nToo great care cannot be expended upon this phase of the step, and it\nmust be practiced over and over again, both forward and backward, until\nthe movement has become second nature. All this must precede any attempt\nto turn.\n\nThe turning of the Boston is simplicity itself, but it is, nevertheless,\nthe one point in the instruction which is most bothersome to\nlearners. The turn is executed upon the ball of _the supporting foot_,\nand consists in twisting half round without lifting either foot from the\nground. In this, the weight is held altogether upon the supporting foot,\nand there is no crossing.\n\nIn carrying the foot forward for the second movement, the knees must\npass close to one another, and care must be taken that _the entire half\nturn comes upon the last count of the measure_.\n\nTo sum up:--\n\nStarting with the weight upon the left foot, step forward, placing the\nentire weight upon the right foot, as in the illustration facing page 14\n(count 1); swing left leg quickly forward, straightening the left knee\nand raising the right heel, and touch the floor with the extended left\nfoot as in the illustration facing page 16, but without placing any\nweight upon that foot (count 2); execute a half-turn to the left,\nbackward, upon the ball of the supporting (right) foot, at the same time\nlowering the right heel, and finish as in the illustration opposite page\n18 (count 3). One measure.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nStarting again, this time with the weight wholly upon the right foot,\nand with the left leg extended backward, and the point of the left foot\nlightly touching the floor, step backward, throwing the weight entirely\nupon the left foot which sinks to a position flat upon the floor, as\nshown in the illustration facing page 21, (count 4); carry the right\nfoot quickly backward, and touch with the point as far back as possible\nupon the line of direction without dividing the weight, at the same time\nraising the left heel as in the illustration facing page 22, (count 5);\nand complete the rotation by executing a half-turn to the right,\nforward, upon the ball of the left foot, simultaneously lowering the\nleft heel, and finishing as in the illustration facing page 24, (count\n6).\n\n\nTHE REVERSE\n\nThe reverse of the step should be acquired at the same time as the\nrotation to the right, and it is, therefore, of great importance to\nalternate from the right to the left rotation from the beginning of the\nturning exercise. The reverse itself, that is to say, the act of\nalternating is effected in a single measure without turning (see\npreparatory exercise, page 13) which may be taken backward by the\ngentleman and forward by the lady, whenever they have completed a whole\nturn.\n\nThe mechanism of the reverse turn is exactly the same as that of the\nturn to the right, except that it is accomplished with the other foot,\nand in the opposite direction.\n\nThere is no better or more efficacious exercise to perfect the Boston,\nthan that which is made up of one complete turn to the right, a measure\nto reverse, and a complete turn to the left. This should be practised\nuntil one has entirely mastered the motion and rhythm of the dance. The\nwriter has used this exercise in all his work, and finds it not only\nhelpful and interesting to the pupil, but of special advantage in\nobviating the possibility of dizziness, and the consequent\nunpleasantness and loss of time.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nAfter acquiring a degree of ease in the execution of these movements to\nMazurka music, it is advisable to vary the rhythm by the introduction of\nSpanish or other clearly accented Waltz music, before using the more\nliquid compositions of Strauss or such modern song waltzes as those of\nDanglas, Sinibaldi, etc.\n\nIt is one of the remarkable features of the Boston that the weight is\nalways opposite the line of direction--that is to say, in going forward,\nthe weight is retained upon the rear foot, and in going backward, the\nweight is always upon the front foot (direction always radiates from the\ndancer). Thus, in proceeding around the room, the weight must always be\nheld back, instead of inclining slightly forward as in the other round\ndances. This seeming contradiction of forces lends to the Boston a\nunique charm which is to be found in no other dance.\n\nAs the dancer becomes more familiar with the Boston, the movement\nbecomes so natural that little or no thought need be paid to technique,\nin order to develop the peculiar grace of it.\n\nThe fact of its being a dance altogether in one position calls for\ngreater skill in the execution of the Boston, than would be the case if\nthere were other changes and contrasts possible, just as it is more\ndifficult to play a melody upon a violin of only one string.\n\nThe Boston, in its completed form, resolves itself into a sort of\nwalking movement, so natural and easy that it may be enjoyed for a\nwhole evening without more fatigue than would be the result of a single\nhour of the Waltz and Two-Step.\n\nAside from the attractiveness of the Boston as a social dance, its\nphysical benefits are more positive than those of any other Round Dance\nthat we have ever had. The action is so adjusted as to provide the\nmaximum of muscular exercise and the minimum of physical effort. This\ntends towards the conservation of energy, and produces and maintains, at\nthe same time an evenness of blood pressure and circulation. The\nmovements also necessitate a constant exercise of the ankles and insteps\nwhich is very strengthening to those parts, and cannot fail to raise and\nsupport the arch of the foot.\n\nTaken from any standpoint, the Boston is one of the most worthy forms of\nthe social dance ever devised, and the distortions of position which\nare now occasionally practiced must soon give way to the genuinely\nrefining influence of the action.\n\n [Illustration]\n\nOf the various forms of the Boston, there is little to be said beyond\nthe description of the manner of their execution, which will be treated\nin the following pages.\n\nIt is hoped that this book will help toward a more complete\nunderstanding of the beauties and attractions of the Boston, and further\nthe proper appreciation of it.\n\n\n_All descriptions of dances given in this book relate to the lady's\npart. The gentleman's is exactly the same, but in the countermotion._\n\n\nTHE LONG BOSTON\n\nThe ordinary form of the Boston as described in the foregoing pages is\ncommonly known as the \"Long\" Boston to distinguish it from other forms\nand variations. It is danced in 3/4 time, either Waltz or Mazurka, and\nat any tempo desired. As this is the fundamental form of the Boston, it\nshould be thoroughly acquired before undertaking any other.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE SHORT BOSTON\n\nThe \"Short\" Boston differs from the \"Long\" Boston only in measure. It is\ndanced in either 2/4 or 6/8 time, and the first movement (in 2/4 time)\noccupies the duration of a quarter-note. The second and third movements\neach occupy the duration of an eighth-note. Thus, there exists between\nthe \"Long\" and the \"Short\" Boston the same difference as between the\nWaltz and the Galop. In the more rapid forms of the \"Short\" Boston, the\nrising and sinking upon the second and third movements naturally take\nthe form of a hop or skip. The dance is more enjoyable and less\nfatiguing in moderate tempo.\n\n\nTHE OPEN BOSTON\n\nThe \"Open\" Boston contains two parts of eight measures each. The first\npart is danced in the positions shown in the illustrations facing pages\n8 and 10, and the second part consists of 8 measures of the \"Long\"\nBoston.\n\nIn the first part, the dancers execute three Boston steps forward,\nwithout turning, and one Boston step turning (towards the partner) to\nface directly backward (1/2 turn). 4 measures.\n\nThis is followed by three Boston steps backward (without turning) in the\nposition shown in the illustration facing page 10, followed by one\nBoston step turning (toward the partner) and finishing in regular Waltz\nPosition for the execution of the second part.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTHE BOSTON DIP\n\nThe \"Dip\" is a combination dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time, and contains 4\nmeasures of the \"Long\" Boston, preceded by 4 measures, as follows:\n\nStanding upon the left foot, step directly to the side, and transfer the\nweight to the right foot (count 1); swing the left leg to the right in\nfront of the right, at the same time raising the right heel (count 2);\nlower the right heel (count 3); return the left foot to its original\nplace where it receives the weight (count 4); swing the right leg across\nin front of the left, raising the left heel (count 5); and lower the\nleft heel (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nSwing the right foot to the right, and put it down directly at the side\nof the left (count 1); hop on the right foot and swing the left across\nin front (count 2); fall back upon the right foot (count 3); put down\nthe left foot, crossing in front of the right, and transfer weight to it\n(count 4); with right foot step a whole step to the right (count 5); and\nfinish by bringing the left foot against the right, where it receives\nthe weight (count 6). 2 measures.\n\nIn executing the hop upon counts 2 and 3 of the third measure, the\nmovement must be so far delayed that the falling back will exactly\ncoincide with the third count of the music.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TURKEY TROT\n\n_Preparation:--Side Position of the Waltz._\n\n\nDuring the first four measures take four Boston steps without turning\n(lady forward, gentleman backward), and bending the supporting knee,\nstretch the free foot backward, (lady's left, gentleman's right) as\nshown in the illustration opposite. 4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nExecute four drawing steps to the side (lady's right, gentleman's left)\nswaying the shoulders and body in the direction of the drawn foot, and\npointing with the free foot upon the fourth, as shown in figure.\n4 meas.\n\nRepeat in opposite direction. 4 meas.\n\nEight whole turns, Short Boston or Two-Step. 16 meas.\n\nRepeat at will.\n\n * * * * *\n\n A splendid specimen for this dance will be found in \"The Gobbler\" by\n J. Monroe.\n\n\n\n\nTHE AEROPLANE GLIDE\n\n\nThe \"Aeroplane Glide\" is very similar to the Boston Dip. It is supposed\nto represent the start of the flight of an aeroplane, and derives its\nname from that fact.\n\nThe sole difference between the \"Dip\" and \"Aeroplane\" consists in the\nsix running steps which make up the first two measures. Of these running\nsteps, which are executed sidewise and with alternate crossings, before\nand behind, only the fourth, at the beginning of the second measure\nrequires special description. Upon this step, the supporting knee is\nnoticeably bended to coincide with the accent of the music.\n\nThe rest of the dance is identical with the \"Dip\". (See page 25.)\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\n\n\nTHE TANGO\n\n\nThe Tango is a Spanish American dance which contains much of the\npeculiar charm of the other Spanish dances, and its execution depends\nlargely upon the ability of the dancers so to grasp the rhythm of the\nmusic as to interpret it by their movements. The steps are all simple,\nand the dancers are permitted to vary or improvise the figures at will.\n\nOf these figures the two which follow are most common, and lend\nthemselves most readily to verbal description.\n\n\nTANGO No. 1\n\nThe partners face one another as in Waltz Position. The gentleman takes\nthe lady's right hand in his left, and, stretching the arms to the full\nextent, holding them at the shoulder height, he places her right hand\nupon his left shoulder, and holds it there, as in the illustration\nopposite page 30.\n\nIn starting, the gentleman throws his right shoulder slightly back and\nsteps directly backward with his left foot, while the lady follows\nforward with her right. In this manner both continue two steps, crossing\none foot over the other and then execute a half-turn in the same\ndirection. This is followed by four measures of the Two-Step and the\nwhole is repeated at will. 8 measures.\n\n [Illustration]\n\n\nTANGO No. 2\n\nThis variant starts from the same position as Tango No. 1. The gentleman\ntakes two steps backward with the lady following forward, and then two\nsteps to the side (the lady's right and the gentleman's left) and two\nsteps in the opposite direction to the original position.\n8 measures.\n\nThese steps to the side should be marked by the swaying of the bodies as\nthe feet are drawn together on the second count of the measure, and the\nwhole is followed by 8 measures of the Two-Step. Repeat all as desired.\n\n\n\n\nIDEAL MUSIC FOR THE \"BOSTON\"\n\n\nPIANO SOLO\n\n(_Also to be had for Full or Small Orchestra_)\n\nLOVE'S AWAKENING _J. Danglas_ .60\nON THE WINGS OF DREAM _J. Danglas_ .60\nFRISSON (Thrill!) _S. Sinibaldi_ .50\nLOVE'S TRIUMPH _A. Daniele_ .60\nDOUCEMENT _G. Robert_ .60\nVIENNOISE _A. Duval_ .60\n\nThese selected numbers have attained success, not alone for their\nattractions of melody and rich harmony, but for their rhythmical\nflexibility and perfect adaptedness to the \"Boston.\"\n\n\nFOR THE TURKEY TROT\n\nEspecially recommended\n\nTHE GOBBLER _J. Monroe_ .50\n\n\nAny of the foregoing compositions will be supplied on receipt of\none-half the list price. Postage two cents extra for each copy.\n\n\nPUBLISHED BY\n\nTHE BOSTON MUSIC COMPANY 26 & 28 WEST ST., BOSTON, MASS.\n\n\n\n\nTRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:\n\n\n Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_.\n\n Punctuation has been corrected without note.\n\n Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows:\n Page 8: duplicate word \"the\" removed\n Page 23: duplicate word \"and\" removed\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Fascinating Boston, by Alfonso Josephs Sheafe\n\n*** \n"}],"max_output_tokens":30000,"temperature":0.0},"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}},"num_rollouts":1,"expected_num_rollouts":1,"missing_num_rollouts":0,"reward_profile_completion_pct":100.0,"rollout_infos":[{"rollout_id":"142:0","_ng_task_index":142,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"reward":0.7667728444946467,"input_tokens":5758,"output_tokens":6036,"total_tokens":11794,"comet_qe":0.7667728444946467,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":237,"misaligned_seg":6}]} +{"_ng_task_index":528,"mean/reward":0.7631636074611119,"mean/comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"mean/lang_fidelity":1.0,"mean/total_seg":105.0,"mean/misaligned_seg":2.0,"mean/input_tokens":3690.0,"mean/output_tokens":2828.0,"mean/total_tokens":6518.0,"max/reward":0.7631636074611119,"max/comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"max/lang_fidelity":1.0,"max/total_seg":105.0,"max/misaligned_seg":2.0,"max/input_tokens":3690.0,"max/output_tokens":2828.0,"max/total_tokens":6518.0,"min/reward":0.7631636074611119,"min/comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"min/lang_fidelity":1.0,"min/total_seg":105.0,"min/misaligned_seg":2.0,"min/input_tokens":3690.0,"min/output_tokens":2828.0,"min/total_tokens":6518.0,"median/reward":0.7631636074611119,"median/comet_qe":0.7631636074611119,"median/lang_fidelity":1.0,"median/total_seg":105.0,"median/misaligned_seg":2.0,"median/input_tokens":3690.0,"median/output_tokens":2828.0,"median/total_tokens":6518.0,"std/reward":0.0,"std/comet_qe":0.0,"std/lang_fidelity":0.0,"std/total_seg":0.0,"std/misaligned_seg":0.0,"std/input_tokens":0.0,"std/output_tokens":0.0,"std/total_tokens":0.0,"sample":{"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. Randol\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","source_lang_name":"English","target_lang_name":"Chinese","doc_id":"Last-Days-of-the-Rebellion-by-Alanson-M.-Randol","seg_id":1,"publication_date":1886,"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31974","responses_create_params":{"input":[{"role":"user","content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Archive/American\nLibraries.)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n LAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n THE SECOND NEW YORK CAVALRY\n (HARRIS' LIGHT)\n AT APPOMATTOX STATION AND APPOMATTOX COURT\n HOUSE, APRIL 8 and 9, 1865.\n\n\n BY\n ALANSON M. RANDOL\n\n _Major First U. S. Artillery (late Colonel Second New York\n Cavalry), Bvt. Brig-General, U. S. Vols._\n\n\n ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CAL.,\n 1886.\n\n\n\n\nLAST DAYS OF THE REBELLION.\n\n\nDuring the winter of 1864-5 the Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry\nwas in winter quarters near Winchester, Va., on the Romney pike. Alanson\nM. Randol, Captain First United States Artillery, was colonel of the\nregiment, which, with the First Connecticut, Second Ohio, and Third New\nJersey, constituted the first brigade, third division, cavalry corps. The\ndivision was commanded by General George A. Custer; the brigade by A. C.\nM. Pennington, Captain Second United States Artillery, Colonel Third New\nJersey Cavalry. On the 27th of February, 1865, the divisions of Merritt\nand Custer, with the batteries of Miller (Fourth United States Artillery)\nand Woodruff (Second United States Artillery), all under command of\nGeneral Sheridan, left their winter quarters in and around Winchester,\nand, after a series of splendid victories, and unsurpassed marches and\nfortunes, joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg on the\n27th of March. The Second New York Cavalry shared largely in the glories\nand miseries of this great and successful raid. At Five Forks, Deep Creek,\nand Sailors Creek, it not only maintained its gallant and meritorious\nrecord, but added to its great renown. At the gentle and joyous passage\nof arms at Appomattox Station, on the 8th of April, it reached the climax\nof its glory, and, by its deeds of daring, touched the pinnacle of fame.\nOn that day it performed prodigies of valor, and achieved successes as\npregnant with good results as any single action of the war. By forcing a\npassage through the rebel lines and heading off Lee's army, it contributed\nlargely to the result that followed the next day--the surrender of the\nConfederate Army of Northern Virginia.\n\n * * * * *\n\nOn the night of the 7th of April we camped on Buffalo River. Moving at an\nearly hour on the 8th, we crossed the Lynchburg Railroad at Prospect\nStation, and headed for Appomattox Station, where it was expected we would\nstrike, if not intercept, Lee's retreating, disintegrating army. The trail\nwas fresh and the chase hot. Joy beamed in every eye, for all felt that\nthe end was drawing near, and we earnestly hoped that ours might be the\nglorious opportunity of striking the final blow. About noon the regiment\nwas detached to capture a force of the enemy said to be at one of the\ncrossings of the Appomattox. Some few hundreds, unarmed, half-starved,\nstragglers, with no fight in them, were found, and turned over to the\nProvost Marshall. Resuming its place in the column, I received orders to\nreport with the regiment to General Custer, who was at its head. Reporting\nin compliance with this order, General Custer informed me that his scouts\nhad reported three large trains of cars at Appomattox Station, loaded with\nsupplies for the rebel army; that he expected to have made a junction\nwith Merritt's division near this point; that his orders were to wait here\ntill Merritt joined him; that he had not heard from him since morning, and\nhad sent an officer to communicate with him, but if he did not hear from\nhim in half an hour, he wished me to take my regiment and capture the\ntrains of cars, and, if possible, reach and hold the pike to Lynchburg.\nWhile talking, the whistle of the locomotive was distinctly but faintly\nheard, and the column was at once moved forward, the Second New York in\nadvance. As we neared the station the whistles became more and more\ndistinct, and a scout reported the trains rapidly unloading, and that the\nadvance of the rebel army was passing through Appomattox Court House.\nAlthough Custer's orders were to make a junction with Merritt before\ncoming in contact with the enemy, here was a chance to strike a decisive\nblow, which, if successful, would add to his renown and glory, and if not,\nMerritt would soon be up to help him out of the scrape. Our excitement was\nintense, but subdued. All saw the vital importance of heading off the\nenemy. Another whistle, nearer and clearer, and another scout decided the\nquestion. I was ordered to move rapidly to Appomattox Station, seize the\ntrains there, and, if possible, get possession of the Lynchburg pike.\nGeneral Custer rode up alongside of me and, laying his hand on my\nshoulder, said, \"Go in, old fellow, don't let anything stop you; now is\nthe chance for your stars. Whoop 'em up; I'll be after you.\" The regiment\nleft the column at a slow trot, which became faster and faster until we\ncaught sight of the cars, which were preparing to move away, when, with a\ncheer, we charged down on the station, capturing in an instant the three\ntrains of cars, with the force guarding them. I called for engineers and\nfiremen to take charge of the trains, when at least a dozen of my men\naround me offered their services. I chose the number required, and ordered\nthe trains to be run to the rear, where I afterwards learned they were\nclaimed as captures by General Ord's corps. The cars were loaded with\ncommissary stores, a portion of which had been unloaded, on which the\nrebel advance were regaling themselves when we pounced so unexpectedly\ndown on them.\n\nWhile the regiment was rallying after the charge, the enemy opened on it a\nfierce fire from all kinds of guns--field and siege--which, however, did\nbut little damage, as the regiment was screened from the enemy's sight by\na dense woods. I at once sent notification to General Custer and Colonel\nPennington of my success, moved forward--my advance busily\nskirmishing--and followed with the regiment in line of battle, mounted.\nThe advance was soon checked by the enemy formed behind hastily\nconstructed intrenchments in a dense wood of the second growth of pine.\nFlushed with success and eager to gain the Lynchburg pike, along which\nimmense wagon and siege trains were rapidly moving, the regiment was\nordered to charge. Three times did it try to break through the enemy's\nlines, but failed. Colonel Pennington arrived on the field with the rest\nof the brigade, when, altogether, a rush was made, but it failed. Then\nCuster, with the whole division, tried it, but he, too, failed. Charge and\ncharge again, was now the order, but it was done in driblets, without\norganization and in great disorder. General Custer was here, there, and\neverywhere, urging the men forward with cheers and oaths. The great prize\nwas so nearly in his grasp that it seemed a pity to lose it; but the rebel\ninfantry held on hard and fast, while his artillery belched out death and\ndestruction on every side of us. Merritt and night were fast coming on, so\nas soon as a force, however small, was organized, it was hurled forward,\nonly to recoil in confusion and loss. Confident that this mode of fighting\nwould not bring us success, and fearful lest the enemy should assume the\noffensive, which, in our disorganized state, must result in disaster, I\nwent to General Custer soon after dark, and said to him that if he would\nlet me get my regiment together, I could break through the rebel line. He\nexcitedly replied, \"Never mind your regiment; take anything and everything\nyou can find, horse-holders and all, and break through: we must get hold\nof the pike to-night.\" Acting on this order, a force was soon organized by\nme, composed chiefly of the Second New York, but in part of other\nregiments, undistinguishable in the darkness. With this I made a charge\ndown a narrow lane, which led to an open field where the rebel artillery\nwas posted. As the charging column debouched from the woods, six bright\nlights suddenly flashed directly before us. A toronado of canister-shot\nswept over our heads, and the next instant we were in the battery. The\nline was broken, and the enemy routed. Custer, with the whole division,\nnow pressed through the gap pell-mell, in hot pursuit, halting for neither\nprisoners nor guns, until the road to Lynchburg, crowded with wagons and\nartillery, was in our possession. We then turned short to the right and\nheaded for the Appomattox Court House; but just before reaching it we\ndiscovered the thousands of camp fires of the rebel army, and the pursuit\nwas checked. The enemy had gone into camp, in fancied security that his\nroute to Lynchburg was still open before him; and he little dreamed that\nour cavalry had planted itself directly across his path, until some of our\nmen dashed into Appomattox Court House, where, unfortunately, Lieutenant\nColonel Root, of the Fifteenth New York Cavalry, was instantly killed by a\npicket guard. After we had seized the road, we were joined by other\ndivisions of the cavalry corps which came to our assistance, but too late\nto take part in the fight.\n\nOwing to the night attack, our regiments were so mixed up that it took\nhours to reorganize them. When this was effected, we marched near to the\nrailroad station and bivouacked.\n\nThat night was passed in great anxiety. We threw ourselves on the ground\nto rest, but not to sleep. We knew that the infantry was hastening to our\nassistance, but unless they joined us before sunrise, our cavalry line\nwould be brushed away, and the rebels would escape after all our hard work\nto head them off from Lynchburg. About daybreak I was aroused by loud\nhurrahs, and was told that Ord's corps was coming up rapidly, and forming\nin rear of our cavalry. Soon after we were in the saddle and moving\ntowards the Appomattox Court House road, where the firing was growing\nlively; but suddenly our direction was changed, and the whole cavalry\ncorps rode at a gallop to the right of our line, passing between the\nposition of the rebels and the rapidly forming masses of our infantry, who\ngreeted us with cheers and shouts of joy as we galloped along their front.\nAt several places we had to \"run the gauntlet\" of fire from the enemy's\nguns posted around the Court House, but this only added to the interest\nof the scene, for we felt it to be the last expiring effort of the enemy\nto put on a bold front; we knew that we had them this time, and that at\nlast Lee's proud army of Northern Virginia was at our mercy. While moving\nat almost a charging gait we were suddenly brought to a halt by reports of\na surrender. General Sheridan and his staff rode up, and left in hot haste\nfor the Court House; but just after leaving us, they were fired into by a\nparty of rebel cavalry, who also opened fire on us, to which we promptly\nreplied, and soon put them to flight. Our lines were then formed for a\ncharge on the rebel infantry; but while the bugles were sounding the\ncharge, an officer with a white flag rode out from the rebel lines, and we\nhalted. It was fortunate for us that we halted when we did, for had we\ncharged we would have been swept into eternity, as directly in our front\nwas a creek, on the other side of which was a rebel brigade, entrenched,\nwith batteries in position, the guns double shotted with canister. To have\ncharged this formidable array, mounted, would have resulted in almost\ntotal annihilation. After we had halted, we were informed that\npreliminaries were being arranged for the surrender of Lee's whole army.\nAt this news, cheer after cheer rent the air for a few moments, when soon\nall became as quiet as if nothing unusual had occurred. I rode forward\nbetween the lines with Custer and Pennington, and met several old friends\namong the rebels, who came out to see us. Among them, I remember Lee\n(Gimlet), of Virginia, and Cowan, of North Carolina. I saw General Cadmus\nWilcox just across the creek, walking to and fro with his eyes on the\nground, just as was his wont when he was instructor at West Point. I\ncalled to him, but he paid no attention, except to glance at me in a\nhostile manner.\n\nWhile we were thus discussing the probable terms of the surrender, General\nLee, in full uniform, accompanied by one of his staff, and General\nBabcock, of General Grant's staff, rode from the Court House towards our\nlines. As he passed us, we all raised our caps in salute, which he\ngracefully returned.\n\nLater in the day loud and continuous cheering was heard among the rebels,\nwhich was taken up and echoed by our lines until the air was rent with\ncheers, when all as suddenly subsided. The surrender was a fixed fact, and\nthe rebels were overjoyed at the very liberal terms they had received. Our\nmen, without arms, approached the rebel lines, and divided their rations\nwith the half-starved foe, and engaged in quiet, friendly conversation.\nThere was no bluster nor braggadocia,--nothing but quiet contentment that\nthe rebellion was crushed, and the war ended. In fact, many of the rebels\nseemed as much pleased as we were. Now and then one would meet a surly,\ndissatisfied look; but, as a general thing, we met smiling faces and hands\neager and ready to grasp our own, especially if they contained anything to\neat or drink. After the surrender, I rode over to the Court House with\nColonel Pennington and others and visited the house in which the surrender\nhad taken place, in search of some memento of the occasion. We found that\neverything had been appropriated before our arrival. Mr. Wilmer McLean, in\nwhose house the surrender took place, informed us that on his farm at\nManassas the first battle of Bull Run was fought. I asked him to write his\nname in my diary, for which, much to his surprise. I gave him a dollar.\nOthers did the same, and I was told that he thus received quite a golden\nharvest.\n\nWhile all of the regiments of the division shared largely in the glories\nof these two days, none excelled the Second New York Cavalry in its record\nof great and glorious deeds. Well might its officers and men carry their\nheads high, and feel elated with pride as they received the\ncongratulations and commendations showered on them from all sides. They\nfelt they had done their duty, and given the \"tottering giant\" a blow that\nlaid him prostrate at their feet, never, it is to be hoped, to rise again.\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's Note:\n\nThe following misprints have been corrected:\n \"crowed\" corrected to \"crowded\" (page 7)\n \"on on\" corrected to \"on\" (page 9)\n \"unusal\" corrected to \"unusual\" (page 9)\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's Last Days of the Rebellion, by Alanson M. 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H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","source_lang_name":"English","target_lang_name":"Chinese","doc_id":"The-Vision-of-Hell-Part-10-by-Dante-Alighieri","seg_id":1,"publication_date":1892,"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8788","responses_create_params":{"input":[{"role":"user","content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by David Widger\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE VISION\n\nOF\n\nHELL, PURGATORY, AND PARADISE\n\n\n\n\n\nBY\n\nDANTE ALIGHIERI\n\n\n\nTRANSLATED BY\n\nTHE REV. H. F. CARY, M.A.\n\n\n\nHELL\n\nOR THE INFERNO\n\n\nPart 10\n\n\nCantos 32 - 34\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXII\n\nCOULD I command rough rhimes and hoarse, to suit\nThat hole of sorrow, o'er which ev'ry rock\nHis firm abutment rears, then might the vein\nOf fancy rise full springing: but not mine\nSuch measures, and with falt'ring awe I touch\nThe mighty theme; for to describe the depth\nOf all the universe, is no emprize\nTo jest with, and demands a tongue not us'd\nTo infant babbling. But let them assist\nMy song, the tuneful maidens, by whose aid\nAmphion wall'd in Thebes, so with the truth\nMy speech shall best accord. Oh ill-starr'd folk,\nBeyond all others wretched! who abide\nIn such a mansion, as scarce thought finds words\nTo speak of, better had ye here on earth\nBeen flocks or mountain goats. As down we stood\nIn the dark pit beneath the giants' feet,\nBut lower far than they, and I did gaze\nStill on the lofty battlement, a voice\nBespoke me thus: \"Look how thou walkest. Take\nGood heed, thy soles do tread not on the heads\nOf thy poor brethren.\" Thereupon I turn'd,\nAnd saw before and underneath my feet\nA lake, whose frozen surface liker seem'd\nTo glass than water. Not so thick a veil\nIn winter e'er hath Austrian Danube spread\nO'er his still course, nor Tanais far remote\nUnder the chilling sky. Roll'd o'er that mass\nHad Tabernich or Pietrapana fall'n,\n\nNot e'en its rim had creak'd. As peeps the frog\nCroaking above the wave, what time in dreams\nThe village gleaner oft pursues her toil,\nSo, to where modest shame appears, thus low\nBlue pinch'd and shrin'd in ice the spirits stood,\nMoving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.\nHis face each downward held; their mouth the cold,\nTheir eyes express'd the dolour of their heart.\n\nA space I look'd around, then at my feet\nSaw two so strictly join'd, that of their head\nThe very hairs were mingled. \"Tell me ye,\nWhose bosoms thus together press,\" said I,\n\"Who are ye?\" At that sound their necks they bent,\nAnd when their looks were lifted up to me,\nStraightway their eyes, before all moist within,\nDistill'd upon their lips, and the frost bound\nThe tears betwixt those orbs and held them there.\nPlank unto plank hath never cramp clos'd up\nSo stoutly. Whence like two enraged goats\nThey clash'd together; them such fury seiz'd.\n\nAnd one, from whom the cold both ears had reft,\nExclaim'd, still looking downward: \"Why on us\nDost speculate so long? If thou wouldst know\nWho are these two, the valley, whence his wave\nBisenzio s, did for its master own\nTheir sire Alberto, and next him themselves.\nThey from one body issued; and throughout\nCaina thou mayst search, nor find a shade\nMore worthy in congealment to be fix'd,\nNot him, whose breast and shadow Arthur's land\nAt that one blow dissever'd, not Focaccia,\nNo not this spirit, whose o'erjutting head\nObstructs my onward view: he bore the name\nOf Mascheroni: Tuscan if thou be,\nWell knowest who he was: and to cut short\nAll further question, in my form behold\nWhat once was Camiccione. I await\nCarlino here my kinsman, whose deep guilt\nShall wash out mine.\" A thousand visages\nThen mark'd I, which the keen and eager cold\nHad shap'd into a doggish grin; whence creeps\nA shiv'ring horror o'er me, at the thought\nOf those frore shallows. While we journey'd on\nToward the middle, at whose point unites\nAll heavy substance, and I trembling went\nThrough that eternal chillness, I know not\nIf will it were or destiny, or chance,\nBut, passing 'midst the heads, my foot did strike\nWith violent blow against the face of one.\n\n\"Wherefore dost bruise me?\" weeping, he exclaim'd,\n\"Unless thy errand be some fresh revenge\nFor Montaperto, wherefore troublest me?\"\n\nI thus: \"Instructor, now await me here,\nThat I through him may rid me of my doubt.\nThenceforth what haste thou wilt.\" The teacher paus'd,\nAnd to that shade I spake, who bitterly\nStill curs'd me in his wrath. \"What art thou, speak,\nThat railest thus on others?\" He replied:\n\"Now who art thou, that smiting others' cheeks\nThrough Antenora roamest, with such force\nAs were past suff'rance, wert thou living still?\"\n\n\"And I am living, to thy joy perchance,\"\nWas my reply, \"if fame be dear to thee,\nThat with the rest I may thy name enrol.\"\n\n\"The contrary of what I covet most,\"\nSaid he, \"thou tender'st: hence; nor vex me more.\nIll knowest thou to flatter in this vale.\"\n\nThen seizing on his hinder scalp, I cried:\n\"Name thee, or not a hair shall tarry here.\"\n\n\"Rend all away,\" he answer'd, \"yet for that\nI will not tell nor show thee who I am,\nThough at my head thou pluck a thousand times.\"\n\nNow I had grasp'd his tresses, and stript off\nMore than one tuft, he barking, with his eyes\nDrawn in and downward, when another cried,\n\"What ails thee, Bocca? Sound not loud enough\nThy chatt'ring teeth, but thou must bark outright?\nWhat devil wrings thee?\"--\"Now,\" said I, \"be dumb,\nAccursed traitor! to thy shame of thee\nTrue tidings will I bear.\"--\"Off,\" he replied,\n\"Tell what thou list; but as thou escape from hence\nTo speak of him whose tongue hath been so glib,\nForget not: here he wails the Frenchman's gold.\n'Him of Duera,' thou canst say, 'I mark'd,\nWhere the starv'd sinners pine.' If thou be ask'd\nWhat other shade was with them, at thy side\nIs Beccaria, whose red gorge distain'd\nThe biting axe of Florence. Farther on,\nIf I misdeem not, Soldanieri bides,\nWith Ganellon, and Tribaldello, him\nWho op'd Faenza when the people slept.\"\n\nWe now had left him, passing on our way,\nWhen I beheld two spirits by the ice\nPent in one hollow, that the head of one\nWas cowl unto the other; and as bread\nIs raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost\nDid so apply his fangs to th' other's brain,\nWhere the spine joins it. Not more furiously\nOn Menalippus' temples Tydeus gnaw'd,\nThan on that skull and on its garbage he.\n\n\"O thou who show'st so beastly sign of hate\n'Gainst him thou prey'st on, let me hear,\" said I\n\"The cause, on such condition, that if right\nWarrant thy grievance, knowing who ye are,\nAnd what the colour of his sinning was,\nI may repay thee in the world above,\nIf that, wherewith I speak be moist so long.\"\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIII\n\nHIS jaws uplifting from their fell repast,\nThat sinner wip'd them on the hairs o' th' head,\nWhich he behind had mangled, then began:\n\"Thy will obeying, I call up afresh\nSorrow past cure, which but to think of wrings\nMy heart, or ere I tell on't. But if words,\nThat I may utter, shall prove seed to bear\nFruit of eternal infamy to him,\nThe traitor whom I gnaw at, thou at once\nShalt see me speak and weep. Who thou mayst be\nI know not, nor how here below art come:\nBut Florentine thou seemest of a truth,\nWhen I do hear thee. Know I was on earth\nCount Ugolino, and th' Archbishop he\nRuggieri. Why I neighbour him so close,\nNow list. That through effect of his ill thoughts\nIn him my trust reposing, I was ta'en\nAnd after murder'd, need is not I tell.\nWhat therefore thou canst not have heard, that is,\nHow cruel was the murder, shalt thou hear,\nAnd know if he have wrong'd me. A small grate\nWithin that mew, which for my sake the name\nOf famine bears, where others yet must pine,\nAlready through its opening sev'ral moons\nHad shown me, when I slept the evil sleep,\nThat from the future tore the curtain off.\nThis one, methought, as master of the sport,\nRode forth to chase the gaunt wolf and his whelps\nUnto the mountain, which forbids the sight\nOf Lucca to the Pisan. With lean brachs\nInquisitive and keen, before him rang'd\nLanfranchi with Sismondi and Gualandi.\nAfter short course the father and the sons\nSeem'd tir'd and lagging, and methought I saw\nThe sharp tusks gore their sides. When I awoke\nBefore the dawn, amid their sleep I heard\nMy sons (for they were with me) weep and ask\nFor bread. Right cruel art thou, if no pang\nThou feel at thinking what my heart foretold;\nAnd if not now, why use thy tears to flow?\nNow had they waken'd; and the hour drew near\nWhen they were wont to bring us food; the mind\nOf each misgave him through his dream, and I\nHeard, at its outlet underneath lock'd up\nThe' horrible tower: whence uttering not a word\nI look'd upon the visage of my sons.\nI wept not: so all stone I felt within.\nThey wept: and one, my little Anslem, cried:\n\"Thou lookest so! Father what ails thee?\" Yet\nI shed no tear, nor answer'd all that day\nNor the next night, until another sun\nCame out upon the world. When a faint beam\nHad to our doleful prison made its way,\nAnd in four countenances I descry'd\nThe image of my own, on either hand\nThrough agony I bit, and they who thought\nI did it through desire of feeding, rose\nO' th' sudden, and cried, 'Father, we should grieve\nFar less, if thou wouldst eat of us: thou gav'st\nThese weeds of miserable flesh we wear,\n\n'And do thou strip them off from us again.'\nThen, not to make them sadder, I kept down\nMy spirit in stillness. That day and the next\nWe all were silent. Ah, obdurate earth!\nWhy open'dst not upon us? When we came\nTo the fourth day, then Geddo at my feet\nOutstretch'd did fling him, crying, 'Hast no help\nFor me, my father!' There he died, and e'en\nPlainly as thou seest me, saw I the three\nFall one by one 'twixt the fifth day and sixth:\n\n\"Whence I betook me now grown blind to grope\nOver them all, and for three days aloud\nCall'd on them who were dead. Then fasting got\nThe mastery of grief.\" Thus having spoke,\n\nOnce more upon the wretched skull his teeth\nHe fasten'd, like a mastiff's 'gainst the bone\nFirm and unyielding. Oh thou Pisa! shame\nOf all the people, who their dwelling make\nIn that fair region, where th' Italian voice\nIs heard, since that thy neighbours are so slack\nTo punish, from their deep foundations rise\nCapraia and Gorgona, and dam up\nThe mouth of Arno, that each soul in thee\nMay perish in the waters! What if fame\nReported that thy castles were betray'd\nBy Ugolino, yet no right hadst thou\nTo stretch his children on the rack. For them,\nBrigata, Ugaccione, and the pair\nOf gentle ones, of whom my song hath told,\nTheir tender years, thou modern Thebes! did make\nUncapable of guilt. Onward we pass'd,\nWhere others skarf'd in rugged folds of ice\nNot on their feet were turn'd, but each revers'd.\n\nThere very weeping suffers not to weep;\nFor at their eyes grief seeking passage finds\nImpediment, and rolling inward turns\nFor increase of sharp anguish: the first tears\nHang cluster'd, and like crystal vizors show,\nUnder the socket brimming all the cup.\n\nNow though the cold had from my face dislodg'd\nEach feeling, as 't were callous, yet me seem'd\nSome breath of wind I felt. \"Whence cometh this,\"\nSaid I, \"my master? Is not here below\nAll vapour quench'd?\"--\"'Thou shalt be speedily,\"\nHe answer'd, \"where thine eye shall tell thee whence\nThe cause descrying of this airy shower.\"\n\nThen cried out one in the chill crust who mourn'd:\n\"O souls so cruel! that the farthest post\nHath been assign'd you, from this face remove\nThe harden'd veil, that I may vent the grief\nImpregnate at my heart, some little space\nEre it congeal again!\" I thus replied:\n\"Say who thou wast, if thou wouldst have mine aid;\nAnd if I extricate thee not, far down\nAs to the lowest ice may I descend!\"\n\n\"The friar Alberigo,\" answered he,\n\"Am I, who from the evil garden pluck'd\nIts fruitage, and am here repaid, the date\nMore luscious for my fig.\"--\"Hah!\" I exclaim'd,\n\"Art thou too dead!\"--\"How in the world aloft\nIt fareth with my body,\" answer'd he,\n\"I am right ignorant. Such privilege\nHath Ptolomea, that ofttimes the soul\nDrops hither, ere by Atropos divorc'd.\nAnd that thou mayst wipe out more willingly\nThe glazed tear-drops that o'erlay mine eyes,\nKnow that the soul, that moment she betrays,\nAs I did, yields her body to a fiend\nWho after moves and governs it at will,\nTill all its time be rounded; headlong she\nFalls to this cistern. And perchance above\nDoth yet appear the body of a ghost,\nWho here behind me winters. Him thou know'st,\nIf thou but newly art arriv'd below.\nThe years are many that have pass'd away,\nSince to this fastness Branca Doria came.\"\n\n\"Now,\" answer'd I, \"methinks thou mockest me,\nFor Branca Doria never yet hath died,\nBut doth all natural functions of a man,\nEats, drinks, and sleeps, and putteth raiment on.\"\n\nHe thus: \"Not yet unto that upper foss\nBy th' evil talons guarded, where the pitch\nTenacious boils, had Michael Zanche reach'd,\nWhen this one left a demon in his stead\nIn his own body, and of one his kin,\nWho with him treachery wrought. But now put forth\nThy hand, and ope mine eyes.\" I op'd them not.\nIll manners were best courtesy to him.\n\nAh Genoese! men perverse in every way,\nWith every foulness stain'd, why from the earth\nAre ye not cancel'd? Such an one of yours\nI with Romagna's darkest spirit found,\nAs for his doings even now in soul\nIs in Cocytus plung'd, and yet doth seem\nIn body still alive upon the earth.\n\n\n\n\nCANTO XXXIV\n\n\"THE banners of Hell's Monarch do come forth\nTowards us; therefore look,\" so spake my guide,\n\"If thou discern him.\" As, when breathes a cloud\nHeavy and dense, or when the shades of night\nFall on our hemisphere, seems view'd from far\nA windmill, which the blast stirs briskly round,\nSuch was the fabric then methought I saw,\n\nTo shield me from the wind, forthwith I drew\nBehind my guide: no covert else was there.\n\nNow came I (and with fear I bid my strain\nRecord the marvel) where the souls were all\nWhelm'd underneath, transparent, as through glass\nPellucid the frail stem. Some prone were laid,\nOthers stood upright, this upon the soles,\nThat on his head, a third with face to feet\nArch'd like a bow. When to the point we came,\nWhereat my guide was pleas'd that I should see\nThe creature eminent in beauty once,\nHe from before me stepp'd and made me pause.\n\n\"Lo!\" he exclaim'd, \"lo Dis! and lo the place,\nWhere thou hast need to arm thy heart with strength.\"\n\nHow frozen and how faint I then became,\nAsk me not, reader! for I write it not,\nSince words would fail to tell thee of my state.\nI was not dead nor living. Think thyself\nIf quick conception work in thee at all,\nHow I did feel. That emperor, who sways\nThe realm of sorrow, at mid breast from th' ice\nStood forth; and I in stature am more like\nA giant, than the giants are in his arms.\nMark now how great that whole must be, which suits\nWith such a part. If he were beautiful\nAs he is hideous now, and yet did dare\nTo scowl upon his Maker, well from him\nMay all our mis'ry flow. Oh what a sight!\nHow passing strange it seem'd, when I did spy\nUpon his head three faces: one in front\nOf hue vermilion, th' other two with this\nMidway each shoulder join'd and at the crest;\nThe right 'twixt wan and yellow seem'd: the left\nTo look on, such as come from whence old Nile\nStoops to the lowlands. Under each shot forth\nTwo mighty wings, enormous as became\nA bird so vast. Sails never such I saw\nOutstretch'd on the wide sea. No plumes had they,\nBut were in texture like a bat, and these\nHe flapp'd i' th' air, that from him issued still\nThree winds, wherewith Cocytus to its depth\nWas frozen. At six eyes he wept: the tears\nAdown three chins distill'd with bloody foam.\nAt every mouth his teeth a sinner champ'd\nBruis'd as with pond'rous engine, so that three\nWere in this guise tormented. But far more\nThan from that gnawing, was the foremost pang'd\nBy the fierce rending, whence ofttimes the back\nWas stript of all its skin. \"That upper spirit,\nWho hath worse punishment,\" so spake my guide,\n\"Is Judas, he that hath his head within\nAnd plies the feet without. Of th' other two,\nWhose heads are under, from the murky jaw\nWho hangs, is Brutus: lo! how he doth writhe\nAnd speaks not! Th' other Cassius, that appears\nSo large of limb. But night now re-ascends,\nAnd it is time for parting. All is seen.\"\n\nI clipp'd him round the neck, for so he bade;\nAnd noting time and place, he, when the wings\nEnough were op'd, caught fast the shaggy sides,\nAnd down from pile to pile descending stepp'd\nBetween the thick fell and the jagged ice.\n\nSoon as he reach'd the point, whereat the thigh\nUpon the swelling of the haunches turns,\nMy leader there with pain and struggling hard\nTurn'd round his head, where his feet stood before,\nAnd grappled at the fell, as one who mounts,\nThat into hell methought we turn'd again.\n\n\"Expect that by such stairs as these,\" thus spake\nThe teacher, panting like a man forespent,\n\"We must depart from evil so extreme.\"\nThen at a rocky opening issued forth,\nAnd plac'd me on a brink to sit, next join'd\nWith wary step my side. I rais'd mine eyes,\nBelieving that I Lucifer should see\nWhere he was lately left, but saw him now\nWith legs held upward. Let the grosser sort,\nWho see not what the point was I had pass'd,\nBethink them if sore toil oppress'd me then.\n\n\"Arise,\" my master cried, \"upon thy feet.\nThe way is long, and much uncouth the road;\nAnd now within one hour and half of noon\nThe sun returns.\" It was no palace-hall\nLofty and luminous wherein we stood,\nBut natural dungeon where ill footing was\nAnd scant supply of light. \"Ere from th' abyss\nI sep'rate,\" thus when risen I began,\n\"My guide! vouchsafe few words to set me free\nFrom error's thralldom. Where is now the ice?\nHow standeth he in posture thus revers'd?\nAnd how from eve to morn in space so brief\nHath the sun made his transit?\" He in few\nThus answering spake: \"Thou deemest thou art still\nOn th' other side the centre, where I grasp'd\nTh' abhorred worm, that boreth through the world.\nThou wast on th' other side, so long as I\nDescended; when I turn'd, thou didst o'erpass\nThat point, to which from ev'ry part is dragg'd\nAll heavy substance. Thou art now arriv'd\nUnder the hemisphere opposed to that,\nWhich the great continent doth overspread,\nAnd underneath whose canopy expir'd\nThe Man, that was born sinless, and so liv'd.\nThy feet are planted on the smallest sphere,\nWhose other aspect is Judecca. Morn\nHere rises, when there evening sets: and he,\nWhose shaggy pile was scal'd, yet standeth fix'd,\nAs at the first. On this part he fell down\nFrom heav'n; and th' earth, here prominent before,\nThrough fear of him did veil her with the sea,\nAnd to our hemisphere retir'd. Perchance\nTo shun him was the vacant space left here\nBy what of firm land on this side appears,\nThat sprang aloof.\" There is a place beneath,\nFrom Belzebub as distant, as extends\nThe vaulted tomb, discover'd not by sight,\nBut by the sound of brooklet, that descends\nThis way along the hollow of a rock,\nWhich, as it winds with no precipitous course,\nThe wave hath eaten. By that hidden way\nMy guide and I did enter, to return\nTo the fair world: and heedless of repose\nWe climbed, he first, I following his steps,\nTill on our view the beautiful lights of heav'n\nDawn'd through a circular opening in the cave:\nThus issuing we again beheld the stars.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's The Vision of Hell, Part 10, by Dante Alighieri\n\n*** \n"}],"max_output_tokens":30000,"temperature":0.0},"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}},"num_rollouts":1,"expected_num_rollouts":1,"missing_num_rollouts":0,"reward_profile_completion_pct":100.0,"rollout_infos":[{"rollout_id":"597:0","_ng_task_index":597,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"reward":0.5150581796014286,"input_tokens":5487,"output_tokens":4752,"total_tokens":10239,"comet_qe":0.5150581796014286,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":523,"misaligned_seg":20}]} +{"_ng_task_index":598,"mean/reward":0.6663600735126003,"mean/comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"mean/lang_fidelity":1.0,"mean/total_seg":155.0,"mean/misaligned_seg":3.0,"mean/input_tokens":6227.0,"mean/output_tokens":4561.0,"mean/total_tokens":10788.0,"max/reward":0.6663600735126003,"max/comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"max/lang_fidelity":1.0,"max/total_seg":155.0,"max/misaligned_seg":3.0,"max/input_tokens":6227.0,"max/output_tokens":4561.0,"max/total_tokens":10788.0,"min/reward":0.6663600735126003,"min/comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"min/lang_fidelity":1.0,"min/total_seg":155.0,"min/misaligned_seg":3.0,"min/input_tokens":6227.0,"min/output_tokens":4561.0,"min/total_tokens":10788.0,"median/reward":0.6663600735126003,"median/comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"median/lang_fidelity":1.0,"median/total_seg":155.0,"median/misaligned_seg":3.0,"median/input_tokens":6227.0,"median/output_tokens":4561.0,"median/total_tokens":10788.0,"std/reward":0.0,"std/comet_qe":0.0,"std/lang_fidelity":0.0,"std/total_seg":0.0,"std/misaligned_seg":0.0,"std/input_tokens":0.0,"std/output_tokens":0.0,"std/total_tokens":0.0,"sample":{"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** ","source_language":"en","target_language":"zh_CN","source_lang_name":"English","target_lang_name":"Chinese","doc_id":"A-Doctor-of-the-Old-School-Part-1-by-Ian-Maclaren","seg_id":1,"publication_date":1895,"url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9315","responses_create_params":{"input":[{"role":"user","content":"You are a professional translator.\nYour task is to translate a long document from English to Chinese.\nPreserve the paragraph structure and ordering of the source text and keep the translation approximately aligned at the sentence level.\nYou may merge, split, or slightly reorder sentences, but you must keep the translation structurally close to the source.\n\nOutput only the translation, using only Chinese.\nDo not ask questions. \nDo not add a preamble.\nDo not add commentary.\nDo not stop until the whole document is translated.\n\nSource document:\n\n\n\n\nProduced by Juliet Sutherland, David Widger and PG Distributed\nProofreaders\n\n\n\n\n\n A DOCTOR OF THE OLD SCHOOL\n\n by Ian Maclaren\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n Book I.\n\n\n\nPREFACE\n\nIt is with great good will that I write this short preface to the\nedition of \"A Doctor of the Old School\" (which has been illustrated by\nMr. Gordon after an admirable and understanding fashion) because there\nare two things that I should like to say to my readers, being also my\nfriends.\n\nOne, is to answer a question that has been often and fairly asked. Was\nthere ever any doctor so self-forgetful and so utterly Christian as\nWilliam MacLure? To which I am proud to reply, on my conscience: Not one\nman, but many in Scotland and in the South country. I will dare prophecy\nalso across the sea.\n\nIt has been one man's good fortune to know four country doctors, not one\nof whom was without his faults--Weelum was not perfect--but who, each\none, might have sat for my hero. Three are now resting from their\nlabors, and the fourth, if he ever should see these lines, would never\nidentify himself.\n\nThen I desire to thank my readers, and chiefly the medical profession\nfor the reception given to the Doctor of Drumtochty.\n\nFor many years I have desired to pay some tribute to a class whose\nservice to the community was known to every countryman, but after the\ntale had gone forth my heart failed. For it might have been despised\nfor the little grace of letters in the style and because of the outward\nroughness of the man. But neither his biographer nor his circumstances\nhave been able to obscure MacLure who has himself won all honest hearts,\nand received afresh the recognition of his more distinguished brethren.\nFrom all parts of the English-speaking world letters have come in\ncommendation of Weelum MacLure, and many were from doctors who had\nreceived new courage. It is surely more honor than a new writer could\never have deserved to receive the approbation of a profession whose\ncharity puts us all to shame.\n\nMay I take this first opportunity to declare how deeply my heart has\nbeen touched by the favor shown to a simple book by the American people,\nand to express my hope that one day it may be given me to see you face\nto face.\n\nIAN MACLAREN. Liverpool, Oct. 4, 1895.\n\n\n\n\n A GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\n\n\nI\n\nA GENERAL PRACTITIONER\n\nDrumtochty was accustomed to break every law of health, except wholesome\nfood and fresh air, and yet had reduced the Psalmist's farthest limit to\nan average life-rate. Our men made no difference in their clothes for\nsummer or winter, Drumsheugh and one or two of the larger farmers\ncondescending to a topcoat on Sabbath, as a penalty of their position,\nand without regard to temperature. They wore their blacks at a funeral,\nrefusing to cover them with anything, out of respect to the deceased,\nand standing longest in the kirkyard when the north wind was blowing\nacross a hundred miles of snow. If the rain was pouring at the Junction,\nthen Drumtochty stood two minutes longer through sheer native dourness\ntill each man had a cascade from the tail of his coat, and hazarded the\nsuggestion, halfway to Kildrummie, that it had been \"a bit scrowie,\"\na \"scrowie\" being as far short of a \"shoor\" as a \"shoor\" fell below\n\"weet.\"\n\n[Illustration: SANDY STEWART \"NAPPED\" STONES]\n\nThis sustained defiance of the elements provoked occasional judgments in\nthe shape of a \"hoast\" (cough), and the head of the house was then\nexhorted by his women folk to \"change his feet\" if he had happened to\nwalk through a burn on his way home, and was pestered generally with\nsanitary precautions. It is right to add that the gudeman treated such\nadvice with contempt, regarding it as suitable for the effeminacy of\ntowns, but not seriously intended for Drumtochty. Sandy Stewart \"napped\"\nstones on the road in his shirt sleeves, wet or fair, summer and winter,\ntill he was persuaded to retire from active duty at eighty-five, and he\nspent ten years more in regretting his hastiness and criticising his\nsuccessor. The ordinary course of life, with fine air and contented\nminds, was to do a full share of work till seventy, and then to look\nafter \"orra\" jobs well into the eighties, and to \"slip awa\" within sight\nof ninety. Persons above ninety were understood to be acquitting\nthemselves with credit, and assumed airs of authority, brushing aside\nthe opinions of seventy as immature, and confirming their conclusions\nwith illustrations drawn from the end of last century.\n\nWhen Hillocks' brother so far forgot himself as to \"slip awa\"\nat sixty, that worthy man was scandalized, and offered laboured\nexplanations at the \"beerial.\"\n\n\"It's an awfu' business ony wy ye look at it, an' a sair trial tae us\na'. A' never heard tell o' sic a thing in oor family afore, an' it's no\neasy accoontin' for't.\n\n\"The gudewife was sayin' he wes never the same sin' a weet nicht he lost\nhimsel on the muir and slept below a bush; but that's neither here nor\nthere. A'm thinkin' he sappit his constitution thae twa years he wes\ngrieve aboot England. That wes thirty years syne, but ye're never the\nsame aifter thae foreign climates.\"\n\nDrumtochty listened patiently to Hillocks' apology, but was not\nsatisfied.\n\n\"It's clean havers about the muir. Losh keep's, we've a' sleepit oot and\nnever been a hair the waur.\n\n\"A' admit that England micht hae dune the job; it's no cannie stravagin'\nyon wy frae place tae place, but Drums never complained tae me if he hed\nbeen nippit in the Sooth.\"\n\nThe parish had, in fact, lost confidence in Drums after his wayward\nexperiment with a potato-digging machine, which turned out a lamentable\nfailure, and his premature departure confirmed our vague impression of\nhis character.\n\n\"He's awa noo,\" Drumsheugh summed up, after opinion had time to form;\n\"an' there were waur fouk than Drums, but there's nae doot he was a wee\nflichty.\"\n\nWhen illness had the audacity to attack a Drumtochty man, it was\ndescribed as a \"whup,\" and was treated by the men with a fine\nnegligence. Hillocks was sitting in the post-office one afternoon when\nI looked in for my letters, and the right side of his face was blazing\nred. His subject of discourse was the prospects of the turnip \"breer,\"\nbut he casually explained that he was waiting for medical advice.\n\n\"The gudewife is keepin' up a ding-dong frae mornin' till nicht aboot ma\nface, and a'm fair deaved (deafened), so a'm watchin' for MacLure tae\nget a bottle as he comes wast; yon's him noo.\"\n\nThe doctor made his diagnosis from horseback on sight, and stated the\nresult with that admirable clearness which endeared him to Drumtochty.\n\n\"Confoond ye, Hillocks, what are ye ploiterin' aboot here for in the\nweet wi' a face like a boiled beet? ye no ken that ye've a titch o'\nthe rose (erysipelas), and ocht tae be in the hoose? Gae hame wi' ye\nafore a' leave the bit, and send a haflin for some medicine. Ye donnerd\nidiot, are ye ettlin tae follow Drums afore yir time?\" And the medical\nattendant of Drumtochty continued his invective till Hillocks started,\nand still pursued his retreating figure with medical directions of a\nsimple and practical character.\n\n[Illustration: \"THE GUDEWIFE IS KEEPIN' UP A DING-DONG\"]\n\n\"A'm watchin', an' peety ye if ye pit aff time. Keep yir bed the\nmornin', and dinna show yir face in the fields till a' see ye. A'll gie\nye a cry on Monday--sic an auld fule--but there's no are o' them tae\nmind anither in the hale pairish.\"\n\nHillocks' wife informed the kirkyaird that the doctor \"gied the gudeman\nan awfu' clear-in',\" and that Hillocks \"wes keepin' the hoose,\" which\nmeant that the patient had tea breakfast, and at that time was wandering\nabout the farm buildings in an easy undress with his head in a plaid.\n\nIt was impossible for a doctor to earn even the most modest competence\nfrom a people of such scandalous health, and so MacLure had annexed\nneighbouring parishes. His house--little more than a cottage--stood on\nthe roadside among the pines towards the head of our Glen, and from this\nbase of operations he dominated the wild glen that broke the wall of the\nGrampians above Drumtochty--where the snow drifts were twelve feet deep\nin winter, and the only way of passage at times was the channel of the\nriver--and the moorland district westwards till he came to the Dunleith\nsphere of influence, where there were four doctors and a hydropathic.\nDrumtochty in its length, which was eight miles, and its breadth, which\nwas four, lay in his hand; besides a glen behind, unknown to the world,\nwhich in the night time he visited at the risk of life, for the way\nthereto was across the big moor with its peat holes and treacherous\nbogs. And he held the land eastwards towards Muirtown so far as Geordie,\nthe Drumtochty post, travelled every day, and could carry word that the\ndoctor was wanted. He did his best for the need of every man, woman and\nchild in this wild, straggling district, year in, year out, in the snow\nand in the heat, in the dark and in the light, without rest, and without\nholiday for forty years.\n\nOne horse could not do the work of this man, but we liked best to see\nhim on his old white mare, who died the week after her master, and the\npassing of the two did our hearts good. It was not that he rode\nbeautifully, for he broke every canon of art, flying with his arms,\nstooping till he seemed to be speaking into Jess's ears, and rising in\nthe saddle beyond all necessity. But he could rise faster, stay longer\nin the saddle, and had a firmer grip with his knees than any one I ever\nmet, and it was all for mercy's sake. When the reapers in harvest time\nsaw a figure whirling past in a cloud of dust, or the family at the foot\nof Glen Urtach, gathered round the fire on a winter's night, heard the\nrattle of a horse's hoofs on the road, or the shepherds, out after the\nsheep, traced a black speck moving across the snow to the upper glen,\nthey knew it was the doctor, and, without being conscious of it, wished\nhim God speed.\n\n[Illustration]\n\nBefore and behind his saddle were strapped the instruments and medicines\nthe doctor might want, for he never knew what was before him. There were\nno specialists in Drumtochty, so this man had to do everything as best\nhe could, and as quickly. He was chest doctor and doctor for every other\norgan as well; he was accoucheur and surgeon; he was oculist and aurist;\nhe was dentist and chloroformist, besides being chemist and druggist.\nIt was often told how he was far up Glen Urtach when the feeders of the\nthreshing mill caught young Burnbrae, and how he only stopped to change\nhorses at his house, and galloped all the way to Burnbrae, and flung\nhimself off his horse and amputated the arm, and saved the lad's life.\n\n\"You wud hae thocht that every meenut was an hour,\" said Jamie Soutar,\nwho had been at the threshing, \"an' a'll never forget the puir lad lying\nas white as deith on the floor o' the loft, wi' his head on a sheaf, an'\nBurnbrae haudin' the bandage ticht an' prayin' a' the while, and the\nmither greetin' in the corner.\n\n\"'Will he never come?' she cries, an' a' heard the soond o' the horse's\nfeet on the road a mile awa in the frosty air.\n\n\"'The Lord be praised!' said Burnbrae, and a' slippit doon the ladder\nas the doctor came skelpin' intae the close, the foam fleein' frae his\nhorse's mooth.\n\n\"Whar is he?' wes a' that passed his lips, an' in five meenuts he hed\nhim on the feedin' board, and wes at his wark--sic wark, neeburs--but he\ndid it weel. An' ae thing a' thocht rael thochtfu' o' him: he first sent\naff the laddie's mither tae get a bed ready.\n\n\"Noo that's feenished, and his constitution 'ill dae the rest,\" and he\ncarried the lad doon the ladder in his airms like a bairn, and laid him\nin his bed, and waits aside him till he wes sleepin', and then says he:\n'Burnbrae, yir gey lad never tae say 'Collie, will yelick?' for a' hevna\ntasted meat for saxteen hoors.'\n\n\"It was michty tae see him come intae the yaird that day, neeburs; the\nverra look o' him wes victory.\"\n\n[Illustration: \"THE VERRA LOOK O' HIM WES VICTORY\"]\n\nJamie's cynicism slipped off in the enthusiasm of this reminiscence, and\nhe expressed the feeling of Drumtochty. No one sent for MacLure save in\ngreat straits, and the sight of him put courage in sinking hearts. But\nthis was not by the grace of his appearance, or the advantage of a good\nbedside manner. A tall, gaunt, loosely made man, without an ounce of\nsuperfluous flesh on his body, his face burned a dark brick color by\nconstant exposure to the weather, red hair and beard turning grey,\nhonest blue eyes that look you ever in the face, huge hands with wrist\nbones like the shank of a ham, and a voice that hurled his salutations\nacross two fields, he suggested the moor rather than the drawing-room.\nBut what a clever hand it was in an operation, as delicate as a woman's,\nand what a kindly voice it was in the humble room where the shepherd's\nwife was weeping by her man's bedside. He was \"ill pitten the gither\" to\nbegin with, but many of his physical defects were the penalties of his\nwork, and endeared him to the Glen. That ugly scar that cut into his\nright eyebrow and gave him such a sinister expression, was got one night\nJess slipped on the ice and laid him insensible eight miles from home.\nHis limp marked the big snowstorm in the fifties, when his horse missed\nthe road in Glen Urtach, and they rolled together in a drift. MacLure\nescaped with a broken leg and the fracture of three ribs, but he never\nwalked like other men again. He could not swing himself into the saddle\nwithout making two attempts and holding Jess's mane. Neither can you\n\"warstle\" through the peat bogs and snow drifts for forty winters\nwithout a touch of rheumatism. But they were honorable scars, and for\nsuch risks of life men get the Victoria Cross in other fields.\n\n[Illustration: \"FOR SUCH RISKS OF LIFE MEN GET THE VICTORIA CROSS IN\nOTHER FIELDS\"]\n\nMacLure got nothing but the secret affection of the Glen, which knew\nthat none had ever done one-tenth as much for it as this ungainly,\ntwisted, battered figure, and I have seen a Drumtochty face\nsoften at the sight of MacLure limping to his horse.\n\nMr. Hopps earned the ill-will of the Glen for ever by criticising\nthe doctor's dress, but indeed it would have filled any townsman with\namazement. Black he wore once a year, on Sacrament Sunday, and, if\npossible, at a funeral; topcoat or waterproof never. His jacket and\nwaistcoat were rough homespun of Glen Urtach wool, which threw off the\nwet like a duck's back, and below he was clad in shepherd's tartan\ntrousers, which disappeared into unpolished riding boots. His shirt was\ngrey flannel, and he was uncertain about a collar, but certain as to a\ntie which he never had, his beard doing instead, and his hat was soft\nfelt of four colors and seven different shapes. His point of distinction\nin dress was the trousers, and they were the subject of unending\nspeculation.\n\n\"Some threep that he's worn thae eedentical pair the last twenty year,\nan' a' mind masel him gettin' a tear ahint, when he was crossin' oor\npalin', and the mend's still veesible.\n\n\"Ithers declare 'at he's got a wab o' claith, and hes a new pair made in\nMuirtown aince in the twa year maybe, and keeps them in the garden till\nthe new look wears aff.\n\n\"For ma ain pairt,\" Soutar used to declare, \"a' canna mak up my mind,\nbut there's ae thing sure, the Glen wud not like tae see him withoot\nthem: it wud be a shock tae confidence. There's no muckle o' the check\nleft, but ye can aye tell it, and when ye see thae breeks comin' in ye\nken that if human pooer can save yir bairn's life it 'ill be dune.\"\n\nThe confidence of the Glen--and tributary states--was unbounded, and\nrested partly on long experience of the doctor's resources, and partly\non his hereditary connection.\n\n\"His father was here afore him,\" Mrs. Macfadyen used to explain; \"atween\nthem they've hed the countyside for weel on tae a century; if MacLure\ndisna understand oor constitution, wha dis, a' wud like tae ask?\"\n\nFor Drumtochty had its own constitution and a special throat disease, as\nbecame a parish which was quite self-contained between the woods and the\nhills, and not dependent on the lowlands either for its diseases or its\ndoctors.\n\n\"He's a skilly man, Doctor MacLure,\" continued my friend Mrs. Macfayden,\nwhose judgment on sermons or anything else was seldom at fault; \"an'\na kind-hearted, though o' coorse he hes his faults like us a', an' he\ndisna tribble the Kirk often.\n\n\"He aye can tell what's wrang wi' a body, an' maistly he can put ye\nricht, and there's nae new-fangled wys wi' him: a blister for the\nootside an' Epsom salts for the inside dis his wark, an' they say\nthere's no an herb on the hills he disna ken.\n\n\"If we're tae dee, we're tae dee; an' if we're tae live, we're tae live,\"\nconcluded Elspeth, with sound Calvinistic logic; \"but a'll say this\nfor the doctor, that whether yir tae live or dee, he can aye keep up a\nsharp meisture on the skin.\"\n\n\"But he's no veera ceevil gin ye bring him when there's naethin' wrang,\"\nand Mrs. Macfayden's face reflected another of Mr. Hopps' misadventures\nof which Hillocks held the copyright.\n\n\"Hopps' laddie ate grosarts (gooseberries) till they hed to sit up a'\nnicht wi' him, an' naethin' wud do but they maun hae the doctor, an' he\nwrites 'immediately' on a slip o' paper.\n\n\"Weel, MacLure had been awa a' nicht wi' a shepherd's wife Dunleith wy,\nand he comes here withoot drawin' bridle, mud up tae the cen.\n\n\"'What's a dae here, Hillocks?\" he cries; 'it's no an accident, is't?'\nand when he got aff his horse he cud hardly stand wi' stiffness and\ntire.\n\n\"'It's nane o' us, doctor; it's Hopps' laddie; he's been eatin' ower\nmony berries.'\n\n[Illustration: \"HOPPS' LADDIE ATE GROSARTS\"]\n\n\"If he didna turn on me like a tiger.\n\n\" ye mean tae say----'\n\n\"'Weesht, weesht,' an' I tried tae quiet him, for Hopps wes comin' oot.\n\n\"'Well, doctor,' begins he, as brisk as a magpie, 'you're here at last;\nthere's no hurry with you Scotchmen. My boy has been sick all night, and\nI've never had one wink of sleep. You might have come a little quicker,\nthat's all I've got to say.'\n\n\"We've mair tae dae in Drumtochty than attend tae every bairn that hes a\nsair stomach,' and a' saw MacLure wes roosed.\n\n\"'I'm astonished to hear you speak. Our doctor at home always says to\nMrs. 'Opps \"Look on me as a family friend, Mrs. 'Opps, and send for me\nthough it be only a headache.\"'\n\n\"'He'd be mair sparin' o' his offers if he hed four and twenty mile tae\nlook aifter. There's naethin' wrang wi' yir laddie but greed. Gie him a\ngude dose o' castor oil and stop his meat for a day, an' he 'ill be a'\nricht the morn.'\n\n\"'He 'ill not take castor oil, doctor. We have given up those barbarous\nmedicines.'\n\n\"'Whatna kind o' medicines hae ye noo in the Sooth?'\n\n\"'Well, you see, Dr. MacLure, we're homoeopathists, and I've my little\nchest here,' and oot Hopps comes wi' his boxy.\n\n\"'Let's see't,' an' MacLure sits doon and taks oot the bit bottles, and\nhe reads the names wi' a lauch every time.\n\n\"'Belladonna; did ye ever hear the like? Aconite; it cowes a'. Nux\nVomica. What next? Weel, ma mannie,' he says tae Hopps, 'it's a fine\nploy, and ye 'ill better gang on wi' the Nux till it's dune, and gie him\nony ither o' the sweeties he fancies.\n\n\"'Noo, Hillocks, a' maun be aff tae see Drumsheugh's grieve, for he's\ndoon wi' the fever, and it's tae be a teuch fecht. A' hinna time tae\nwait for dinner; gie me some cheese an' cake in ma haund, and Jess 'ill\ntak a pail o' meal an' water.\n\n\"'Fee; a'm no wantin' yir fees, man; wi' that boxy ye dinna need a\ndoctor; na, na, gie yir siller tae some puir body, Maister Hopps,' an'\nhe was doon the road as hard as he cud lick.\"\n\nHis fees were pretty much what the folk chose to give him, and he\ncollected them once a year at Kildrummie fair.\n\n\"Well, doctor, what am a' awin' ye for the wife and bairn? Ye 'ill need\nthree notes for that nicht ye stayed in the hoose an' a' the veesits.\"\n\n\"Havers,\" MacLure would answer, \"prices are low, a'm hearing; gie's\nthirty shillings.\"\n\n\"No, a'll no, or the wife 'ill tak ma ears off,\" and it was settled for\ntwo pounds. Lord Kilspindie gave him a free house and fields, and one\nway or other, Drumsheugh told me, the doctor might get in about L150.\na year, out of which he had to pay his old housekeeper's wages and a\nboy's, and keep two horses, besides the cost of instruments and books,\nwhich he bought through a friend in Edinburgh with much judgment.\n\nThere was only one man who ever complained of the doctor's charges, and\nthat was the new farmer of Milton, who was so good that he was above\nboth churches, and held a meeting in his barn. (It was Milton the Glen\nsupposed at first to be a Mormon, but I can't go into that now.) He\noffered MacLure a pound less than he asked, and two tracts, whereupon\nMacLure expressed his opinion of Milton, both from a theological and\nsocial standpoint, with such vigor and frankness that an attentive\naudience of Drumtochty men could hardly contain themselves. Jamie Soutar\nwas selling his pig at the time, and missed the meeting, but he hastened\nto condole with Milton, who was complaining everywhere of the doctor's\nlanguage.\n\n[Illustration]\n\n\"Ye did richt tae resist him; it 'ill maybe roose the Glen tae mak a\nstand; he fair hands them in bondage.\n\n\"Thirty shillings for twal veesits, and him no mair than seeven mile\nawa, an' a'm telt there werena mair than four at nicht.\n\n\"Ye 'ill hae the sympathy o' the Glen, for a' body kens yir as free wi'\nyir siller as yir tracts.\n\n\"Wes't 'Beware o' gude warks' ye offered him? Man, ye choose it weel,\nfor he's been colleckin' sae mony thae forty years, a'm feared for him.\n\n\"A've often thocht oor doctor's little better than the Gude Samaritan,\nan' the Pharisees didna think muckle o' his chance aither in this warld\nor that which is tae come.\"\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of Project Gutenberg's A Doctor of the Old School, Part 1, by Ian Maclaren\n\n*** \n"}],"max_output_tokens":30000,"temperature":0.0},"agent_ref":{"name":"longmt_pg19_agent"}},"num_rollouts":1,"expected_num_rollouts":1,"missing_num_rollouts":0,"reward_profile_completion_pct":100.0,"rollout_infos":[{"rollout_id":"598:0","_ng_task_index":598,"_ng_rollout_index":0,"reward":0.6663600735126003,"input_tokens":6227,"output_tokens":4561,"total_tokens":10788,"comet_qe":0.6663600735126003,"lang_fidelity":1.0,"total_seg":155,"misaligned_seg":3}]} diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/requirements.txt b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ee87d63cf --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +-e nemo-gym[dev] @ ../../ +# SEGALE: forked from bc19b2b with numpy==1.23.5 → >=1.23.5 to resolve +# the pandas==2.2.3 conflict (pandas requires numpy>=1.26.0). +segale @ git+https://github.com/jeffwillette/SEGALE.git@c89cd75a7aaba17ba52bbd0c971cb690cb178753 +# Match segale's torch==2.5.0 pin to avoid uv resolution conflict. +# torch 2.5.x targets CUDA 12 (not 13), same concern as wmt_translation. +# torchmetrics imports pkg_resources which setuptools 81 removed; pin <81. +setuptools>=70,<81 +torch==2.5.0 +torchvision==0.20.0 +# Cython lets pyximport JIT-compile vecalign/dp_core.pyx for Python 3.12. +# The bundled .so in the SEGALE repo is cpython-310 only; pyximport writes +# a cpython-312 .so into the installed package dir on first import and caches +# it there for all subsequent workers. +Cython>=3.0 +# SEGALE judge models +# Forked from facebookresearch/LASER: fairseq removed from install_requires, +# fairseq imports wrapped in try/except so the module loads without fairseq +# (which conflicts with nemo-gym's omegaconf>=2.1 requirement). +laser-encoders @ git+https://github.com/jeffwillette/LASER.git@14ba8c31efe48c351333ff0159fe2d25a6aaee37 +ersatz @ git+https://github.com/jeffwillette/ersatz.git@c31d420837326b2654354df3eb006e3e3d073057 +unbabel-comet>=2.2 +# Utilities +scipy +joblib +langdetect +sacrebleu[ja,ko]>=2.4 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/segale_actor.py b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/segale_actor.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8675a79ce --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/segale_actor.py @@ -0,0 +1,420 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +"""SEGALE Ray actor pool for the longmt_eval resource server. + +Mirrors the wmt_translation CometActor pattern. Each _SegaleActor holds +LASER2 and COMETKiwi resident in GPU memory across calls. + +Call _build_segale_actor_class() once after Ray.init() to get the remote +class, then instantiate one actor per GPU on the gym node. +""" + +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging +import os +import shutil +import sys +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Dict, List, Optional + +import ray + + +LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def _mirror_python(cache_env_var: str, default_cache: str) -> Path: + """Mirror the venv's uv Python install to a shared-FS path for Ray workers. + + Identical strategy to wmt_translation/app.py: uv ships python-build- + standalone binaries whose absolute paths change across containers. Copying + the whole python root to a stable shared-FS location lets remote Ray + workers find a py_executable that resolves at runtime. + """ + venv_python = Path(sys.executable).resolve() + if not venv_python.exists(): + raise RuntimeError(f"sys.executable not found: {venv_python}") + uv_python_root = venv_python.parent.parent + + cache_root = Path(os.environ.get(cache_env_var, default_cache)) + mirrored_root = cache_root / uv_python_root.name + mirrored_bin = mirrored_root / "bin" / venv_python.name + + if not mirrored_bin.exists(): + LOG.info("Mirroring uv Python %s -> %s for cross-node Ray actors", uv_python_root, mirrored_root) + mirrored_root.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + tmp = mirrored_root.with_suffix(".tmp") + if tmp.exists(): + shutil.rmtree(tmp) + shutil.copytree(uv_python_root, tmp, symlinks=True) + tmp.rename(mirrored_root) + + return mirrored_bin + + +def _build_segale_actor_class(actors_per_gpu: int = 1, use_extra_gpu: bool = False): + """Build the _SegaleActor @ray.remote class. Must be called after Ray.init(). + + Built lazily so importing this module does not require Ray to be + initialised (mirrors _build_comet_actor_class in wmt_translation/app.py). + + actors_per_gpu controls how many actors share one physical GPU. + + use_extra_gpu selects the Ray resource mode: + False (default): actors claim fractional num_gpus so Ray manages + CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. Use this when the gym runs its own Ray cluster + with dedicated GPU nodes (HTTP-separated from vLLM). + True: actors claim the custom extra_gpu resource (num_gpus=0) and manage + GPU visibility themselves via RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. + Use this when the gym joins the vLLM Ray cluster and a separate node has + been registered with `ray start --resources='{"extra_gpu": N}'`. + """ + mirrored_bin = _mirror_python( + "LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", + "/opt/Gym/.cache/longmt-python", + ) + + venv_dir = Path(sys.executable).parent.parent + site_packages = venv_dir / "lib" / "python3.12" / "site-packages" + + env_vars: Dict[str, str] = { + "PYTHONPATH": f"{site_packages}:{os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', '')}", + } + if use_extra_gpu: + # Ray thinks this node has 0 GPUs; preserve physical CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES + # so the actor can still access its assigned GPU directly. + env_vars["RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "1" + for key in ("HF_HOME", "HF_HUB_OFFLINE", "HF_HUB_CACHE", "LASER_HOME", "ERSATZ", "TRANSFORMERS_CACHE"): + if os.environ.get(key): + env_vars[key] = os.environ[key] + + gpu_fraction = 1 / actors_per_gpu + if use_extra_gpu: + ray_kwargs = dict(num_gpus=0, resources={"extra_gpu": gpu_fraction}) + else: + ray_kwargs = dict(num_gpus=gpu_fraction) + + class _SegaleActorImpl: # pragma: no cover – needs live Ray cluster + CUDA + def __init__( + self, + gpu_idx: int, + comet_model: str, + comet_batch_size: int, + embed_batch_size: int, + ): + import torch + from comet import download_model, load_from_checkpoint + from ersatz.split import EvalModel as ErsatzModel + from ersatz.utils import get_model_path + from laser_encoders import LaserEncoderPipeline + + assert torch.cuda.is_available(), "SegaleActor requires CUDA." + n = torch.cuda.device_count() + self._gpu_idx = gpu_idx + self._device = f"cuda:{gpu_idx % n}" + self._lightning_devices = [gpu_idx % n] + self._embed_batch_size = embed_batch_size + self._comet_batch_size = comet_batch_size + LOG.info( + "SegaleActor[%d] placement: device_count=%d CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=%r device=%s", + gpu_idx, + n, + os.environ.get("CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"), + self._device, + ) + + laser_home = os.environ.get("LASER_HOME") + LOG.info("SegaleActor[%d]: loading LASER2 from %s", gpu_idx, laser_home) + self._laser = LaserEncoderPipeline(laser="laser2", model_dir=laser_home) + + LOG.info("SegaleActor[%d]: loading COMETKiwi %s on %s", gpu_idx, comet_model, self._device) + ckpt = download_model(comet_model) + self._comet = load_from_checkpoint(ckpt) + self._comet.to(self._device).eval() + + LOG.info("SegaleActor[%d]: loading ersatz segmenter", gpu_idx) + from ersatz.candidates import MultilingualPunctuation + + self._ersatz = ErsatzModel(get_model_path("default-multilingual")) + self._ersatz.device = torch.device("cpu") + self._ersatz_candidates = MultilingualPunctuation() + LOG.info("SegaleActor[%d]: ready", gpu_idx) + + # langdetect: seed once for determinism; map our locale codes to ISO 639-1. + # ar_AE is intentionally absent — our datasets use ar_EG / ar_SA. + try: + from langdetect import DetectorFactory + + DetectorFactory.seed = 0 + except ImportError: + pass + self._lang_map: Dict[str, str] = { + "ar_EG": "ar", + "ar_SA": "ar", + "bg_BG": "bg", + "bn_IN": "bn", + "ca_ES": "ca", + "cs_CZ": "cs", + "da_DK": "da", + "de_DE": "de", + "el_GR": "el", + "es_MX": "es", + "et_EE": "et", + "fa_IR": "fa", + "fi_FI": "fi", + "fil_PH": "tl", + "fr_CA": "fr", + "fr_FR": "fr", + "gu_IN": "gu", + "he_IL": "he", + "hi_IN": "hi", + "hr_HR": "hr", + "hu_HU": "hu", + "id_ID": "id", + "it_IT": "it", + "ja_JP": "ja", + "kn_IN": "kn", + "ko_KR": "ko", + "lt_LT": "lt", + "lv_LV": "lv", + "ml_IN": "ml", + "mr_IN": "mr", + "nl_NL": "nl", + "no_NO": "no", + "pa_IN": "pa", + "pl_PL": "pl", + "pt_BR": "pt", + "pt_PT": "pt", + "ro_RO": "ro", + "ru_RU": "ru", + "sk_SK": "sk", + "sl_SI": "sl", + "sv_SE": "sv", + "sw_KE": "sw", + "sw_TZ": "sw", + "ta_IN": "ta", + "te_IN": "te", + "th_TH": "th", + "tr_TR": "tr", + "uk_UA": "uk", + "ur_PK": "ur", + "vi_VN": "vi", + "zh_CN": "zh-cn", + "zh_TW": "zh-tw", + } + + def ping(self) -> bool: + return True + + def score(self, source_text: str, mt_text: str, target_language: str) -> Dict: + """Run the full 3-phase SEGALE pipeline for one document pair. + + Returns a dict with comet_qe, lang_fidelity, total_seg, + misaligned_seg, and error (None on success). + """ + import tempfile + + import numpy as np + import segale_align as sa + + # Module globals must be set before any segale_align function call. + sa.VERBOSE = 0 + sa.SPACY = "ersatz" + sa.STOP_JUMP = 0.15 + sa.COST_MIN = 0.30 + sa.COST_MAX = 0.30 + + lang_fidelity = self._lang_fidelity(mt_text, target_language) + empty = { + "comet_qe": 0.0, + "lang_fidelity": lang_fidelity, + "total_seg": 0, + "misaligned_seg": 0, + "error": None, + } + + import time as _time + + _t0 = _time.perf_counter() + + # Phase 1: segment + src_sents = self._segment_ersatz(source_text) + mt_sents = self._segment_ersatz(mt_text) + if not src_sents or not mt_sents: + return empty + _t1 = _time.perf_counter() + LOG.info( + "SEGALE timing [%d]: ersatz segment %.1fs src=%d mt=%d sents", + self._gpu_idx, + _t1 - _t0, + len(src_sents), + len(mt_sents), + ) + + # Phase 1: overlaps via stub encoder (CPU-only pass) + class _Stub: + def encode_sentences(self, sentences): + return np.empty(1, dtype=np.float32) + + stub = _Stub() + src_overlaps, _ = sa.generate_overlap_and_embedding(src_sents, stub, None, max_size=8) + mt_overlaps, _ = sa.generate_overlap_and_embedding(mt_sents, stub, None, max_size=8) + _t2 = _time.perf_counter() + LOG.info( + "SEGALE timing [%d]: overlap gen %.1fs src=%d mt=%d overlaps", + self._gpu_idx, + _t2 - _t1, + len(src_overlaps), + len(mt_overlaps), + ) + + # Phase 1: LASER2 encode (length-sorted for GPU efficiency) + all_overlaps = src_overlaps + mt_overlaps + sort_idx = np.argsort([len(s) for s in all_overlaps]) + restore_idx = np.empty(len(sort_idx), dtype=np.int64) + restore_idx[sort_idx] = np.arange(len(sort_idx)) + + sorted_embeds: List = [] + for i in range(0, len(sort_idx), self._embed_batch_size): + batch = [all_overlaps[j] for j in sort_idx[i : i + self._embed_batch_size]] + sorted_embeds.extend(self._laser.encode_sentences(batch)) + + all_embeds = np.array(sorted_embeds)[restore_idx] + src_embed = all_embeds[: len(src_overlaps)] + mt_embed = all_embeds[len(src_overlaps) :] + _t3 = _time.perf_counter() + LOG.info( + "SEGALE timing [%d]: LASER2 encode %.1fs %d overlaps device=%s", + self._gpu_idx, + _t3 - _t2, + len(all_overlaps), + getattr(getattr(self._laser, "encoder", None), "use_cuda", "?"), + ) + + # Phase 2: vecalign alignment + with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: + alignments = sa.run_vecalign_explore( + "\n".join(src_sents), + "\n".join(mt_sents), + "\n".join(src_overlaps), + "\n".join(mt_overlaps), + src_embed, + mt_embed, + "doc", + tmpdir, + max_size=8, + ) + _t4 = _time.perf_counter() + LOG.info( + "SEGALE timing [%d]: vecalign %.1fs %d alignments", + self._gpu_idx, + _t4 - _t3, + len(alignments) if alignments else 0, + ) + + if not alignments: + return empty + + spans = [ + { + "src": " ".join(src_sents[i] for i in si) if si else "", + "tgt": " ".join(mt_sents[i] for i in ti) if ti else "", + } + for si, ti in alignments + ] + + # Phase 3: COMETKiwi scoring + comet_spans = self._comet_score(spans) + _t5 = _time.perf_counter() + LOG.info( + "SEGALE timing [%d]: COMETKiwi %.1fs %d spans total=%.1fs", + self._gpu_idx, + _t5 - _t4, + len(spans), + _t5 - _t0, + ) + all_comet = [s["comet_qe"] for s in comet_spans] + + return { + "comet_qe": sum(all_comet) / len(all_comet) if all_comet else 0.0, + "lang_fidelity": lang_fidelity, + "total_seg": len(comet_spans), + "misaligned_seg": sum(1 for s in comet_spans if s["deleted"] or s["hallucinated"]), + "spans": comet_spans, + "error": None, + } + + def _comet_score(self, spans: List[Dict]) -> List[Dict]: + result: List[Dict] = [] + comet_data: List[Dict] = [] + comet_indices: List[int] = [] + for s in spans: + has_src = bool(s["src"]) + has_tgt = bool(s["tgt"]) + if not has_src and not has_tgt: + continue # drop both-empty spans entirely + elif has_src and has_tgt: + comet_indices.append(len(result)) + comet_data.append({"src": s["src"], "mt": s["tgt"]}) + result.append( + {"src": s["src"], "tgt": s["tgt"], "comet_qe": 0.0, "hallucinated": False, "deleted": False} + ) + elif not has_tgt: + result.append( + {"src": s["src"], "tgt": s["tgt"], "comet_qe": 0.0, "hallucinated": False, "deleted": True} + ) + else: + result.append( + {"src": s["src"], "tgt": s["tgt"], "comet_qe": 0.0, "hallucinated": True, "deleted": False} + ) + if comet_data: + out = self._comet.predict( + comet_data, + batch_size=self._comet_batch_size, + devices=self._lightning_devices, + ) + for idx, score in zip(comet_indices, out.scores): + result[idx]["comet_qe"] = float(score) + return result + + def _segment_ersatz(self, text: str) -> List[str]: + sentences = [] + for line in text.splitlines(): + line = line.strip() + if not line: + continue + for output in self._ersatz.parallel_evaluation( + line, batch_size=16, candidates=self._ersatz_candidates + ): + if output is not None: + sentences.extend(s.strip() for s in output.splitlines() if s.strip()) + return sentences + + def _lang_fidelity(self, text: str, target_language: str) -> Optional[float]: + if not text or len(text) < 50: + return 1.0 + expected = self._lang_map.get(target_language) + if expected is None: + return None + try: + from langdetect import detect + except ImportError: + return 1.0 + chunks = [text[i : i + 500] for i in range(0, len(text), 500)] + if len(chunks) > 1 and len(chunks[-1]) < 100: + chunks = chunks[:-1] + correct = detected = 0 + for chunk in chunks: + try: + correct += detect(chunk) == expected + detected += 1 + except Exception: + pass + return correct / detected if detected else 1.0 + + _SegaleActor = ray.remote( + **ray_kwargs, + runtime_env={"py_executable": str(mirrored_bin), "env_vars": env_vars}, + )(_SegaleActorImpl) + return _SegaleActor diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/tests/__init__.py b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/tests/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 diff --git a/resources_servers/longmt_eval/tests/test_app.py b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/tests/test_app.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b9cd5bb73 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources_servers/longmt_eval/tests/test_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +import sys +from pathlib import Path +from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch + +import pytest +from app import ( + LongmtEvalConfig, + LongmtEvalServer, + LongmtEvalVerifyRequest, + _assert_no_reasoning, +) + +from nemo_gym.openai_utils import NeMoGymResponse +from nemo_gym.server_utils import ServerClient + + +def _make_response(text: str) -> NeMoGymResponse: + return NeMoGymResponse( + id="resp_test", + created_at=0.0, + model="dummy", + object="response", + output=[ + { + "id": "msg_test", + "content": [{"annotations": [], "text": text, "type": "output_text"}], + "role": "assistant", + "status": "completed", + "type": "message", + } + ], + parallel_tool_calls=True, + tool_choice="auto", + tools=[], + ) + + +def _make_server( + compute_segale: bool = False, + assert_no_reasoning: bool = False, + comet_num_shards: int = 4, +) -> LongmtEvalServer: + config = LongmtEvalConfig( + host="0.0.0.0", + port=8080, + entrypoint="", + name="", + compute_segale=compute_segale, + assert_no_reasoning=assert_no_reasoning, + comet_num_shards=comet_num_shards, + ) + return LongmtEvalServer(config=config, server_client=MagicMock(spec=ServerClient)) + + +def _make_request( + text: str, + generation: str, + target_language: str = "de_DE", + source_language: str = "en", +) -> LongmtEvalVerifyRequest: + return LongmtEvalVerifyRequest( + responses_create_params={ + "input": [{"role": "user", "content": f"Translate: {text}"}], + "parallel_tool_calls": False, + "temperature": 0, + }, + response=_make_response(generation), + text=text, + source_language=source_language, + target_language=target_language, + doc_id="test-doc-1", + ) + + +class TestAssertNoReasoning: + def test_passes_clean_text(self) -> None: + _assert_no_reasoning("Die Sonne geht auf.") + + def test_passes_empty(self) -> None: + _assert_no_reasoning("") + + def test_raises_on_open_tag(self) -> None: + with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="reasoning tags"): + _assert_no_reasoning("still thinking") + + def test_raises_on_close_tag(self) -> None: + with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="reasoning tags"): + _assert_no_reasoning("Reasoning.\n\nDie Sonne") + + def test_raises_on_both_tags(self) -> None: + with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="reasoning tags"): + _assert_no_reasoning("rDie Sonne") + + +class TestVerify: + async def test_empty_generation_scores_zero(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + request = _make_request(text="The sun rose.", generation="", target_language="de_DE") + result = await server.verify(request) + assert result.reward == 0.0 + assert result.generation == "" + + async def test_non_empty_generation_zero_reward_without_segale(self) -> None: + server = _make_server(compute_segale=False) + request = _make_request( + text="The sun rose over the hills.", + generation="Die Sonne ging über die Hügel auf.", + target_language="de_DE", + ) + result = await server.verify(request) + # compute_segale=False always returns 0.0 without touching the actor pool. + assert result.reward == 0.0 + assert result.generation == "Die Sonne ging über die Hügel auf." + + async def test_assert_no_reasoning_raises_on_think_tags(self) -> None: + server = _make_server(compute_segale=False, assert_no_reasoning=True) + request = _make_request( + text="The sun rose over the hills.", + generation="let me think\nDie Sonne ging über die Hügel auf.", + target_language="de_DE", + ) + with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="reasoning tags"): + await server.verify(request) + + async def test_assert_no_reasoning_raises_on_unterminated_open_tag(self) -> None: + server = _make_server(compute_segale=False, assert_no_reasoning=True) + request = _make_request( + text="The sun rose.", + generation="Still thinking, no close tag.", + target_language="de_DE", + ) + with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="reasoning tags"): + await server.verify(request) + + async def test_assert_no_reasoning_passes_clean_output(self) -> None: + server = _make_server(compute_segale=False, assert_no_reasoning=True) + translation = "Die Sonne ging über die Hügel auf." + request = _make_request( + text="The sun rose over the hills.", + generation=translation, + target_language="de_DE", + ) + result = await server.verify(request) + assert result.generation == translation + + async def test_whitespace_only_generation_scores_zero(self) -> None: + server = _make_server(compute_segale=False) + request = _make_request(text="The sun rose.", generation=" \n ", target_language="de_DE") + result = await server.verify(request) + assert result.reward == 0.0 + assert result.generation == "" + + +class TestComputeMetrics: + def test_empty_tasks(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + assert server.compute_metrics([]) == {} + + def test_skips_rollouts_with_empty_generation(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [ + [{"generation": "", "target_language": "de_DE", "comet_qe": 0.9}], + [{"generation": None, "target_language": "de_DE", "comet_qe": 0.9}], + ] + result = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + assert result == {} + + def test_per_language_comet_aggregation(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [ + [ + { + "generation": "Die Sonne.", + "target_language": "de_DE", + "comet_qe": 0.8, + "lang_fidelity": 1.0, + "total_seg": 2, + "misaligned_seg": 0, + }, + { + "generation": "Le soleil.", + "target_language": "fr_FR", + "comet_qe": 0.9, + "lang_fidelity": 1.0, + "total_seg": 1, + "misaligned_seg": 0, + }, + ], + [ + { + "generation": "Der Mond.", + "target_language": "de_DE", + "comet_qe": 0.6, + "lang_fidelity": 0.9, + "total_seg": 1, + "misaligned_seg": 1, + }, + ], + ] + m = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + # de_DE: mean(0.8, 0.6) = 0.7 + assert m["de_DE"]["comet_qe"] == pytest.approx(0.7) + assert m["de_DE"]["n_docs"] == 2 + assert m["de_DE"]["total_seg"] == 3 + assert m["de_DE"]["misaligned_seg"] == 1 + assert m["de_DE"]["misaligned_rate"] == pytest.approx(1 / 3) + # fr_FR: single value + assert m["fr_FR"]["comet_qe"] == pytest.approx(0.9) + assert m["fr_FR"]["n_docs"] == 1 + # overall_comet_qe: mean(0.8, 0.9, 0.6) = 0.7667 + assert m["overall_comet_qe"] == pytest.approx((0.8 + 0.9 + 0.6) / 3) + + def test_missing_comet_qe_excluded_from_mean(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [ + [ + {"generation": "Die Sonne.", "target_language": "de_DE", "comet_qe": 0.8}, + {"generation": "Der Mond.", "target_language": "de_DE"}, # no comet_qe + ], + ] + m = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + # Only the row with comet_qe contributes. + assert m["de_DE"]["comet_qe"] == pytest.approx(0.8) + assert m["de_DE"]["n_docs"] == 2 + + def test_no_comet_qe_in_any_row(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [ + [{"generation": "Die Sonne.", "target_language": "de_DE"}], + ] + m = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + assert m["de_DE"]["comet_qe"] is None + assert "overall_comet_qe" not in m + + def test_lang_fidelity_aggregation(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [ + [ + {"generation": "Die Sonne.", "target_language": "de_DE", "lang_fidelity": 0.8}, + {"generation": "Der Mond.", "target_language": "de_DE", "lang_fidelity": 1.0}, + ] + ] + m = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + assert m["de_DE"]["lang_fidelity"] == pytest.approx(0.9) + + def test_misaligned_rate_zero_when_no_segments(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + tasks = [[{"generation": "Die Sonne.", "target_language": "de_DE"}]] + m = server.compute_metrics(tasks) + assert m["de_DE"]["misaligned_rate"] is None + + def test_get_key_metrics_returns_per_language_comet(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + metrics = { + "de_DE": {"comet_qe": 0.82, "n_docs": 5}, + "fr_FR": {"comet_qe": None, "n_docs": 3}, + "ja_JP": {"comet_qe": 0.75, "n_docs": 2}, + "overall_comet_qe": 0.79, + } + key = server.get_key_metrics(metrics) + assert key == {"de_DE": 0.82, "ja_JP": 0.75} + + def test_get_key_metrics_empty(self) -> None: + server = _make_server() + assert server.get_key_metrics({}) == {} + + +class TestBuildSegaleActorClass: + """Unit tests for _build_segale_actor_class() in segale_actor.py. + + The inner @ray.remote class requires a live Ray cluster + GPUs, so we mock + ray.remote to capture decoration kwargs and verify the setup logic. + """ + + def _stub_ray_remote(self, captured: dict): + def _ray_remote(**decorator_kwargs): + captured["decorator_kwargs"] = decorator_kwargs + + def _decorate(cls_or_fn): + class _Decorated: + _wrapped = cls_or_fn + + @staticmethod + def remote(*args, **kwargs): + raise AssertionError("actor must not instantiate in unit tests") + + return _Decorated + + return _decorate + + return _ray_remote + + def _fake_venv(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Path: + uv_root = tmp_path / "uv" / "cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu" + venv_bin = tmp_path / "venv" / ".venv" / "bin" + venv_bin.mkdir(parents=True) + (uv_root / "bin").mkdir(parents=True) + real_python = uv_root / "bin" / "python3.12" + real_python.write_text("") + fake_python = venv_bin / "python3.12" + fake_python.symlink_to(real_python) + (venv_bin.parent / "lib" / "python3.12" / "site-packages").mkdir(parents=True) + return fake_python + + def test_fractional_gpu_mode_by_default(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """use_extra_gpu=False: actors claim fractional num_gpus, no extra_gpu resource.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + mirror_root = tmp_path / "mirror_cache" + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(mirror_root)) + monkeypatch.setenv("HF_HOME", "/tmp/hf_home") + monkeypatch.setenv("PYTHONPATH", "/existing/pp") + + captured = {} + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote(captured))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class(actors_per_gpu=2, use_extra_gpu=False) + + kw = captured["decorator_kwargs"] + assert kw["num_gpus"] == pytest.approx(0.5) # 1 / actors_per_gpu + assert "resources" not in kw + + def test_extra_gpu_mode(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """use_extra_gpu=True: actors claim extra_gpu resource with num_gpus=0.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + mirror_root = tmp_path / "mirror_cache" + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(mirror_root)) + + captured = {} + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote(captured))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class(actors_per_gpu=4, use_extra_gpu=True) + + kw = captured["decorator_kwargs"] + assert kw["num_gpus"] == 0 + assert kw["resources"] == {"extra_gpu": pytest.approx(0.25)} # 1/4 + + def test_propagates_env_vars_and_pins_py_executable(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """runtime_env must propagate HF_HOME, LASER_HOME, site-packages on PYTHONPATH, + and pin py_executable to the cross-node-mirrored Python.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + mirror_root = tmp_path / "mirror_cache" + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(mirror_root)) + monkeypatch.setenv("HF_HOME", "/tmp/hf_home") + monkeypatch.setenv("LASER_HOME", "/tmp/laser_home") + monkeypatch.setenv("PYTHONPATH", "/existing/pp") + + captured = {} + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote(captured))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class() + + env = captured["decorator_kwargs"]["runtime_env"]["env_vars"] + assert "site-packages" in env["PYTHONPATH"] + assert "/existing/pp" in env["PYTHONPATH"] + assert env["HF_HOME"] == "/tmp/hf_home" + assert env["LASER_HOME"] == "/tmp/laser_home" + + py_exec = captured["decorator_kwargs"]["runtime_env"]["py_executable"] + assert py_exec.startswith(str(mirror_root)) + assert py_exec.endswith("bin/python3.12") + assert (mirror_root / "cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu" / "bin" / "python3.12").exists() + + def test_extra_gpu_sets_noset_cuda_env_var(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """use_extra_gpu=True must set RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(tmp_path / "mirror")) + + captured = {} + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote(captured))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class(use_extra_gpu=True) + + env = captured["decorator_kwargs"]["runtime_env"]["env_vars"] + assert env["RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] == "1" + + def test_fractional_gpu_does_not_set_noset_cuda(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """use_extra_gpu=False must NOT set RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(tmp_path / "mirror")) + + captured = {} + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote(captured))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class(use_extra_gpu=False) + + env = captured["decorator_kwargs"]["runtime_env"]["env_vars"] + assert "RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES" not in env + + def test_reuses_existing_mirror_without_recopy(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """Second call skips copytree when the mirror already exists.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + mirror_root = tmp_path / "mirror_cache" + (mirror_root / "cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu" / "bin").mkdir(parents=True) + (mirror_root / "cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu" / "bin" / "python3.12").write_text("") + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(mirror_root)) + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote({}))) + + import shutil as shutil_mod + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + with patch.object(shutil_mod, "copytree") as mock_copy: + _build_segale_actor_class() + mock_copy.assert_not_called() + + def test_cleans_stale_tmp_before_copy(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """A leftover .tmp from an interrupted mirror run must be cleared first.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + fake_python = self._fake_venv(tmp_path) + mirror_root = tmp_path / "mirror_cache" + stale_tmp = mirror_root / "cpython-3.12.tmp" + stale_tmp.mkdir(parents=True) + (stale_tmp / "leftover.txt").write_text("from prior run") + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(fake_python)) + monkeypatch.setenv("LONGMT_EVAL_PY_CACHE", str(mirror_root)) + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote({}))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + _build_segale_actor_class() + + assert not stale_tmp.exists() + assert (mirror_root / "cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu" / "bin" / "python3.12").exists() + + def test_raises_if_sys_executable_missing(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None: + """If sys.executable points at a nonexistent path, raise RuntimeError immediately.""" + import segale_actor as sa_module + + monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "executable", str(tmp_path / "does_not_exist")) + monkeypatch.setattr(sa_module, "ray", MagicMock(remote=self._stub_ray_remote({}))) + + from segale_actor import _build_segale_actor_class + + with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="not found"): + _build_segale_actor_class()