diff --git a/physics/fire_driver_mod.F90 b/physics/fire_driver_mod.F90
index ce059d2..ca57a53 100644
--- a/physics/fire_driver_mod.F90
+++ b/physics/fire_driver_mod.F90
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ subroutine Init_fire_components (grid, config_flags)
       end select
       call grid%ros_param%Init (grid%ifms, grid%ifme, grid%jfms, grid%jfme)
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         call Extrapol_var_at_bdys (grid%ifms, grid%ifme, grid%jfms, grid%jfme, grid%ifds, grid%ifde, &
             grid%jfds, grid%jfde, grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), &
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ subroutine Init_fire_components (grid, config_flags)
         call grid%ros_param%Set_params (grid%ifms, grid%ifme, grid%jfms, grid%jfme, grid%i_start(ij), grid%i_end(ij), &
             grid%j_start(ij), grid%j_end(ij), grid%fuels, grid%nfuel_cat, grid%fmc_g)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
     end subroutine Init_fire_components
 
diff --git a/physics/fire_model_mod.F90 b/physics/fire_model_mod.F90
index 7c2e333..08a4523 100644
--- a/physics/fire_model_mod.F90
+++ b/physics/fire_model_mod.F90
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
           grid%lfn_out, grid%tign_g, grid%ros, grid%uf, grid%vf, grid%dzdxf, grid%dzdyf, grid%ros_param)
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Stop_if_close_to_bdy...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -76,8 +78,11 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
 
         call Stop_if_close_to_bdy (ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, jfds, ifde, jfde, grid%lfn_out)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Update_ignition_times...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -87,8 +92,12 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
         call Update_ignition_times (ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, jfds, ifde, jfde, &
             time_start, grid%dt, grid%lfn, grid%lfn_out, grid%tign_g)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
+
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Calc_flame_length...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -98,6 +107,7 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
         call Calc_flame_length (ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
             grid%ros, grid%ros_param%iboros, grid%flame_length, grid%ros_front, grid%fire_area)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Reinit_level_set...')
       if (config_flags%fire_lsm_reinit) call Reinit_level_set (grid%num_tiles, grid%i_start, grid%i_end, grid%j_start, grid%j_end, &
@@ -107,6 +117,8 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
            grid%lfn_s1, grid%lfn_s2, grid%lfn_s3, grid%lfn_out, grid%tign_g)
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Copy_lfnout_to_lfn...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -115,8 +127,11 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
 
         call Copy_lfnout_to_lfn (ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, grid%lfn_out, grid%lfn)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
  
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Ignite_prescribed_fires...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -125,8 +140,11 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
 
         call Ignite_prescribed_fires (grid, config_flags, time_start, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Calc_fuel_left...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -136,8 +154,11 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
             grid%lfn,grid%tign_g,grid%fuel_time, time_start + grid%dt, grid%fuel_frac, grid%fire_area, &
             grid%fuel_frac_burnt_dt)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Calc_fire_fluxes...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -146,8 +167,11 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
         call Calc_fire_fluxes (grid%dt, grid, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, &
             ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, grid%fuel_load_g, grid%fuel_frac_burnt_dt, grid%fgrnhfx, grid%fgrnqfx)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('calling Calc_smoke_emissions...')
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, grid%num_tiles
         ifts = grid%i_start(ij)
         ifte = grid%i_end(ij)
@@ -156,6 +180,7 @@ subroutine Advance_fire_model (config_flags, grid)
 
         call Calc_smoke_emissions (grid, config_flags, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('Leaving Advance_fire_model...')
 
diff --git a/physics/fmc_wrffire_mod.F90 b/physics/fmc_wrffire_mod.F90
index 01d7420..7110ac9 100644
--- a/physics/fmc_wrffire_mod.F90
+++ b/physics/fmc_wrffire_mod.F90
@@ -176,19 +176,28 @@ subroutine Advance_fmc_model (this, fmoist_freq, fmoist_dt, itimestep, dt, ifms,
       end if
 
       if (this%run_advance_moisture) then
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           call this%Advance_moisture_classes (itimestep == 1, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, i_start(ij), i_end(ij), j_start(ij), j_end(ij), &
               fire_rain, fire_t2, fire_q2, fire_psfc, fire_rain_old, fire_t2_old, fire_q2_old, fire_psfc_old, fire_rh_fire, fuelmc_g)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           call this%Average_moisture_classes (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, i_start(ij), i_end(ij), j_start(ij), j_end(ij), nfuel_cat, fmc_g)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           call ros_param%Set_params (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, i_start(ij), i_end(ij), j_start(ij), j_end(ij), &
               fuels, nfuel_cat, fmc_g)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
       end if
 
     end subroutine Advance_fmc_model
diff --git a/physics/level_set_mod.F90 b/physics/level_set_mod.F90
index d1eedfe..a7bdb29 100644
--- a/physics/level_set_mod.F90
+++ b/physics/level_set_mod.F90
@@ -288,14 +288,16 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
 
         ! to store tendency (rhs of the level set pde)
       real, dimension(ifms:ifme, jfms:jfme) :: tend
-      real :: tbound2, tbound3
+      real :: tbound2, tbound3, tbound_thread, tbound_min
       integer :: i, j, ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte
-      character (len = :), allocatable :: msg
+      character (len = 128) :: msg
       logical, parameter :: DEBUG_LOCAL = .false.
 
 
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('Entering sub Prop_level_set...')
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -307,10 +309,14 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
         ! Runge-Kutta step 1
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('call Calc_tend_ls 1...')
 
+      tbound_min = huge(tbound_min)
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, tbound_thread) SHARED(tbound_min)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -320,9 +326,15 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
         call Calc_tend_ls (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, &
             ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ts, dt, dx, dy, fire_upwinding, &
             fire_viscosity, fire_viscosity_bg, fire_viscosity_band, &
-            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_0, tbound, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_0, tbound_thread, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+
+        tbound_min = min(tbound_min, tbound_thread)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
+      tbound = tbound_min
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -335,10 +347,14 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
         ! Runge-Kutta step 2
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('call Calc_tend_ls 2...')
 
+      tbound_min = huge(tbound_min)
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, tbound_thread) SHARED(tbound_min)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -348,9 +364,15 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
         call Calc_tend_ls (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, &
             ifms,ifme,jfms,jfme, ts + dt, dt, dx, dy, fire_upwinding, &
             fire_viscosity, fire_viscosity_bg, fire_viscosity_band, &
-            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_1, tbound2, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_1, tbound_thread, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+
+            tbound_min = min(tbound_min, tbound_thread)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
+      tbound2 = tbound_min
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -363,10 +385,14 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
         ! Runge-Kutta step 3
       if (DEBUG_LOCAL) call Print_message ('call Calc_tend_ls 3...')
 
+      tbound_min = huge(tbound_min)
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, tbound_thread) SHARED(tbound_min)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -376,9 +402,15 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
         call Calc_tend_ls (ifds,ifde,jfds,jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, &
             ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ts + dt, dt, dx, dy, fire_upwinding, &
             fire_viscosity, fire_viscosity_bg, fire_viscosity_band, &
-            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_2, tbound3, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+            fire_viscosity_ngp, fire_lsm_band_ngp, lfn_2, tbound_thread, tend, ros, uf, vf, dzdxf, dzdyf, ros_model)
+
+        tbound_min = min(tbound_min, tbound_thread)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
+      tbound3 = tbound_min
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -390,13 +422,14 @@ subroutine Prop_level_set (ifds, ifde, jfds, jfde, ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, &
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
         ! CFL check, tbound is the max allowed time step
-      tbound = min (tbound, tbound2, tbound3)
+      tbound = min(min(tbound, tbound2), tbound3)
 
       if (dt > tbound) then
         !$omp critical
-        write (msg, '(2(a, f10.2))') 'CFL violation: time step ', dt, ' > bound =', tbound
+        write (msg, '(a, f10.2, a, f10.2)') 'CFL violation: time step ', dt, ' > bound =', tbound
         call Stop_simulation (msg)
         !$omp end critical
       end if
@@ -439,6 +472,8 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
       threshold_hlu = fire_lsm_band_ngp * dx
 
         ! Define S0 based on current lfn values
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -452,7 +487,10 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
  
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -462,6 +500,7 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
         call Extrapol_var_at_bdys (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, ifde, &
             jfds, jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, lfn_s3)
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
       dt_s = 0.01 * dx
                   dt_s = 0.0001 * dx
@@ -470,6 +509,8 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
         ! 1 iter each time step is enoguh
       Loop_iter: do nts = 1, fire_lsm_reinit_iter
           ! Runge-Kutta step 1
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -481,7 +522,10 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
               lfn_s0, lfn_s3, lfn_s3, lfn_s1, 1.0 / 3.0, & ! sign funcition, initial ls, current stage ls, next stage advanced ls, RK coefficient
               fire_upwinding_reinit)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
  
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -491,8 +535,11 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
           call Extrapol_var_at_bdys (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, ifde, &
               jfds, jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, lfn_s1)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
           ! Runge-Kutta step 2
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -504,7 +551,10 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
               lfn_s0, lfn_s3, lfn_s1, lfn_s2, 1.0 / 2.0, &
               fire_upwinding_reinit)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -514,8 +564,11 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
           call Extrapol_var_at_bdys (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, ifde, &
               jfds, jfde, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, lfn_s2)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
           ! Runge-Kutta step 3
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -527,7 +580,10 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
               lfn_s0, lfn_s3, lfn_s2, lfn_s3, 1.0, &
               fire_upwinding_reinit)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
+        !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+        !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
         do ij = 1, num_tiles
           ifts = i_start(ij)
           ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -537,8 +593,11 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
           call Extrapol_var_at_bdys (ifms, ifme, jfms, jfme, ifds, ifde, &
               jfds,jfde,  ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, lfn_s3)
         end do
+        !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
       end do Loop_iter
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, num_tiles
         ifts = i_start(ij)
         ifte = i_end(ij)
@@ -554,6 +613,7 @@ subroutine Reinit_level_set (num_tiles, i_start, i_end, j_start, j_end, ifms, if
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
     end subroutine Reinit_level_set
 
diff --git a/state/state_mod.F90 b/state/state_mod.F90
index 7430efb..a8fa021 100644
--- a/state/state_mod.F90
+++ b/state/state_mod.F90
@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@ subroutine Convert_scottburgan_to_anderson (this)
       integer :: i, j, ij, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte
 
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, this%num_tiles
         ifts = this%i_start(ij)
         ifte = this%i_end(ij)
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ subroutine Convert_scottburgan_to_anderson (this)
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
     end subroutine Convert_scottburgan_to_anderson
 
@@ -456,6 +459,8 @@ subroutine Init_fuel_vars (this)
       integer :: ij, i, j, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte, k
 
 
+      !$OMP PARALLEL DO   &
+      !$OMP PRIVATE (ij, i, j, k, ifts, ifte, jfts, jfte)
       do ij = 1, this%num_tiles
         ifts = this%i_start(ij)
         ifte = this%i_end(ij)
@@ -478,6 +483,7 @@ subroutine Init_fuel_vars (this)
           end do
         end do
       end do
+      !$OMP END PARALLEL DO
 
     end subroutine Init_fuel_vars