oldindex.tex

\def\see{{\it see\ }}
\def\seealso{{\it see also\ }}
\def\tsrefs{vii, 2, 20, 31, 40, 48, 53}
\def\sigidrefs{13, 33, 50}
\def\zeroexptuplerefs{56, 62} % included in \zerotuplerefs
\def\zeropattuplerefs{57, 64} % included in \zerotuplerefs
\def\zerotuplerefs{56, 57, 62, 64}
\def\tupleexprefs{56, 62}
\def\tuplepatrefs{57, 64}
\def\parexprefs{10, 21, 41, 62}
\def\parpatrefs{8, 26, 45, 64}
\def\mulrefs{68}
\def\dotdotdotrefs{8, 26, 27, 46, 64}
\def\underscorewildrefs{8, 26, 45, 64}
\def\recrefs{3, 9, 10, 24, 44, 55}
\def\bracestyexprefs{8, 27, 64}
\def\scopefixityrefs{6, 11}
\def\scopeexpltyvarsrefs{9, 18, 22, 55, 87}
\def\typabbrinsigsrefs{12, 13, 59, 76--77}
\def\stridasstrexprefs{13, 31, 49}
\def\funcapprefs{13, 31, 32, 49, 58, 78}
\def\startyperefs{57, 64}
\def\sequenceexprefs{56, 62}
\def\recordexprefs{10, 21, 41, 62}
\def\recordpatrefs{8, 26, 46, 64}
\def\funtyperefs{3, 8, 27, 64}
\def\unaryminusrefs{3, 68}
\def\hashrefs{56, 62}
\def\Lambdarefs{16, 17, 18, 23, 25, 29, 33, 34}
\def\typefunctionrefs{18, 27, 34}
\def\commentrefs{4, 5, 86}
\def\eqtynamerefs{15, 17, 20, 24, 33, 34, 79, 80}
\def\eqtyvarrefs{5, 15, 17, 18, 19, 65}
\def\infixapplrefs{6, 60, 62, 86}
\def\vidinatexprefs{10, 21, 41, 62}
\def\vidinatpatrefs{8, 26, 45, 64}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}{Index}}
\label{index-sec}
\begin{theindex}
Concepts\note{\thenewpreface}{The Index has been revised; it is not accurate for
the version that has marginal notes.}
 that are associated with a
special name (e.g, a meta-variable or a mathematical symbol)
are listed under both the special name and the full name,
often with the former entry being a $\see$ reference to the latter.
For example, ``value binding'' is indexed as follows:
\indexspace

\item $\valbind$. \see value binding
\item ValBind (value bindings), 7
\item $\cdots$
\item value binding ($\valbind$), 7, 8, 10, 24, 44
\subitem recursive (\boxml{rec}), \recrefs 
\subitem simple, 10, 24, 39, 44
\indexspace

Items are ordered lexicographically, by extending the 
usual alphabetical ordering on letters using the rule
{\it space} $=$ {\it hyphen} $<$ {\it symbol or greek letter}  $<$ {\it digit} $<$ {\it latin letter}.
Upper and lower case letters are regarded as equal and font does not affect
ordering.

Adjective-noun compounds are normally found under the noun. For example,
``non-expansive expression'' is found under ``expression''.

The index includes concepts and identifiers
which were present in the 1990 Definition but are absent in SML '96.

\indexspace

\item \verb+(   )+
\subitem around expression, \parexprefs
\subitem around pattern, \parpatrefs
\subitem in sequence,  \sequenceexprefs
\subitem in tuple expression, \tupleexprefs
\subitem in tuple pattern, \tuplepatrefs
\subitem in type expression, 8, 27
\item \verb+[   ]+, 56, 57, 62, 64
\item \verb+{   }+
\subitem in atomic expression, \recordexprefs
\subitem in pattern, \recordpatrefs
\subitem in record type expression, \bracestyexprefs
\item \verb+(*  *)+ (comment brackets), \commentrefs
\item $\langle\ \rangle$. \see option 
\item \verb+()+ (0-tuple), \zerotuplerefs
\item $\emptymap$ (empty map), 15
\item \verb+,+ (comma), 3, 7, 56, 57, 60, 62, 64
\item \verb+;+ (semicolon), 3, 10, 13, 14, 53, 56, 62, 63, 87
\item \verb+.+ (period) 
\subitem in real constants, 3
\subitem in long identifiers, 4
\item \verb+...+ (wildcard pattern row), \dotdotdotrefs
\item \verb+_+ (underbar) 
\subitem in identifier, 5
\subitem wildcard pattern, \underscorewildrefs
\item \verb+|+
\subitem in identifier, 5
\subitem reserved word, 3, 10, 62, 63, 64
\item \verb+=+ 
\subitem basic value (value equality), 38, 66
\subitem in identifier, 5
\subitem reserved word, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64
\subitem the identifier, 5, 65, 66
\item $\ra$, vii, 2, 20, 31, 40, 48, 53
\item $\rightarrow$. \see function type
\item $\finfun{}{}$ (finite map), 16
\item \verb+=>+, 3
\subitem in a match rule, 10, 62
\item \verb+->+, \funtyperefs
\item \verb+~+, \unaryminusrefs
\item \verb+"+, 3
\item \verb+\"+, 4
\item \verb+\+, 3, 5
\item \verb+\\+, 4
\item \verb+!+, 5, 88
\item \verb+%+, 5
\item \verb+&+, 5
\item \verb+$+, 5
\item \verb+#+
\subitem in character constant, 4
\subitem in record field selection, \hashrefs
\subitem in identifier, 5
\item \verb(+(, 5, 68
\item \verb+-+, 5, 68
\item \verb+/+, 5, 68
\item \verb+:+ 
\subitem in identifier, 5
\subitem reserved word, 3, 10, 13, 14, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64
\subitem \seealso structure expression; expression
\item \verb+::+, 9, 12, 56, 65, 66, 87
\item \verb+:=+. \see assignment
\item \verb+:>+, 11, 13, 58 
\subitem \seealso structure expression
\item \verb+<+, 5, 68
\item \verb+>+, 5, 68
\item \verb+<=+, 68
\item \verb+>=+, 68
\item \verb+<>+, 88
\item \verb+?+, 5
\item \verb+@+, 5, 88
\item \verb+'+, 5
\item \verb+`+, 5
\item \verb+^+, 5, 88
\item \verb+*+, 5
\subitem in type expression, \startyperefs
\subitem multiplication, \mulrefs
\item $+$. \see modification
\item $\oplus$, 17
\item $\lambda$. \see expression, {\tt fn}
\item $\Lambda$ (in type function), \Lambdarefs
\item $\forall$ (in type scheme), 17, 18, 19
\subitem \seealso generalisation; polymorphism
\item $\alpha$. \see type variable 
\item $\varrho$. \see row type 

\item $\tau$. \see type 

\item $\tauk$. \see type vector
\item $\tych$. \see type scheme
\item $\longtych$. \see type scheme
\item $\downarrow$. \see restriction
\item $\typefcn$. \see type function 
\item $(\theta,\VE)$. \see type structure 
\item $\typefcnk$. \see type function 
\item $\sig$. \see signature 
\item $\newlongsig{}$. \see signature 
\item $\funsig$. \see functor signature 
\item $\newlongfunsig{}$. \see functor signature
\item $\tyrea$ (formerly type realisation), 81
\item $\strrea$ (formerly structure realisation), 81
\item $\rea$. \see type realisation
\item $\geq$. \see instance 
\item $\succ$. \see generalisation; enrichment
\item $\ts$ (turnstile), \tsrefs
\item $\tsdyn$ (evaluation), 53
\item $\tsstat$ (elaboration), 53
\item {\tt 0w}. \see word constant
\item {\tt 0wx}. \see word constant
\item {\tt 0x}. \see integer constant
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf A}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $a$. \see address 
\item \verb+\a+, 3
\item $\Abs$ (abstype operation), 20, 23
\item {\tt abs}, 68
\item {\tt Abs}, 88
\item {\tt abstraction}, 77
\item $\ABSTYPE$, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration
\item addition of numbers (\ml{+}), 5, 68
\item $\Addr$ (addresses), 37
\item address ($\A$), 37, 46
\subitem fresh, 42
\item admissibility, 85
\item alphabets (in string and character constants), 3, 4
\item $\AND$, 3, 10, 13, 14, 58, 59, 63 
\item \ANDALSO, 3
\subitem\seealso expression
\item appending lists (\verb+@+), 88
\item $\apexp$ (application expression), 60, 62
\item application
\subitem infixed, \infixapplrefs
\subitem of {\tt :=}, 42
\subitem of basic value ($\APPLY$), 42
\subitem of exception name, 41
\subitem of function closure, 42
\subitem of functor, \funcapprefs
\subitem of {\tt ref}, 42
\subitem of type function, \typefunctionrefs
\subitem of value constructor, 41
\item $\APPLY$. \see application 
\item {\tt arctan}, 88
\item arity 
\subitem of type function, 17
\subitem of type name, 15
\item arrow type. \see function type
\item \AS, 3
\subitem \seealso atomic pattern, layered
\item assignment (\ml{:=}), 38, 42, 65, 66
\item $\atexp$. \see atomic expression
\item atomic expression (\atexp), 7, 10, 41, 62
\subitem \verb+()+ (0-tuple, unit value), \zeroexptuplerefs
\subitem as expression, 10, 22, 41, 62
\subitem \boxml{let}, 10, 21, 41, 62, 84
\subitem list expression  (\verb+[  ,+$\cdots$\verb+, ]+), 56, 62
\subitem long value identifier, \vidinatexprefs
\subitem parenthesised (\verb+(  )+), \parexprefs
\subitem record expression, \recordexprefs
\subitem record selector (\verb+#+{\it lab}), \hashrefs
\subitem sequence expression  (\verb+(  ;+$\cdots$\verb+; )+), \sequenceexprefs
\subitem tuple expression (\verb+(  ,+$\cdots$\verb+, )+), \tupleexprefs
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item atomic pattern ($\atpat$), 7, 8, 26, 45, 64
\subitem \verb+()+ (0-tuple), \zeropattuplerefs
\subitem as pattern, 8, 26, 46, 64
\subitem list pattern (\verb+[  ,+$\cdots$\verb+, ]+), 57, 64
\subitem long value identifier, \vidinatpatrefs
\subitem parenthesised (\verb+(  )+), \parpatrefs
\subitem record pattern, \recordpatrefs
\subitem tuple pattern (\verb+(  ,+$\cdots$\verb+, )+), \tuplepatrefs
\subitem wildcard (\verb+_+),  \underscorewildrefs
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item $\atpat$. \see atomic pattern
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf B}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $b$. \see value 
\item \verb+\b+, 3 
\item $\B$. \see basis 
\item $\B_0$ (initial basis) 
\subitem dynamic, 66, 88
\subitem static, 65, 88
\item bare language, 1
\item $\BasExc$ (basic exception names), 39
\item basis ($\B$), 1
\subitem combined, 1, 53
\subitem dynamic, 1, 47, 53, 66
\subitem initial. \see $B_0$
\subitem static, 1, 21, 29, 31, 53, 65
\item $\Basis$ (bases), 29, 47
\item Basis Library, 2, 4, 75, 88
\item $\BasVal$ (basic values), 37, 88
\item $\Bdyn$ (dynamic basis), 53
\item {\tt Bind} (exception), 39, 44, 65, 66
\item $\BOOL$, 65, 66
\item bound names, 29, 30
\item $\Bstat$ (static basis), 53
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf C}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item \verb+c+ (value constructor status), 15, 16
\subitem \seealso identifier status descriptor; value identifier
\item $\C$. \see context
\item CAML, 72
\item Caml Light, 73, 76
\item \CASE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item $\CE$ (constructor environment), 82 
\item {\tt char} (the type), 15, 65, 66
\item Char (overloading class), 67
\item character constant, 4
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item {\tt chr}, 88
\item {\tt Chr}, 88
\item CLEAR, 70, 71
\item $\cl{}{}$ (closure of types etc.), 19, 23, 25, 33, 35
\item \verb+close_in+, 88
\item \verb+close_out+, 88
\item closure. \see function closure; functor closure; $\cl{}{}$; closure rules
\item closure rules (signatures and functors), 87
\item coercion of numbers (\ml{real}), 88
\item comment in program, \commentrefs
\item Commentary on Standard ML, vii
\item composition of functions (\ml{o}), 88
\item $\con$ (value constructor), 82
\item $\Con$ (value constructors), 82
\item $\constrs$. \see constructor binding
\item $\ConBind$ (constructor bindings), 7
\item concatenating strings (\verb+^+), 88
\item $\condesc$. \see constructor description
\item ConDesc (constructor descriptions), 12
\item $\ConEnv$ (constructor environments), 82
\item ``consing'' an element onto a list. \see \ml{::}
\item consistency, 85
\item constant, special. \see special constant 
\item constructor binding ($\constrs$), 7, 10, 25, 45, 63
\item constructor description ($\condesc$), 12, 14, 35, 52
\item constructor environment ($\CE$), 82
\item $\ConsType$ (constructed types), 16
\item context ($\C$), 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 32
\item $\Context$ (contexts), 16
\item control character, 3
\item Core Language, 1
\subitem dynamic semantics, 37--46
\subitem static semantics, 15--28
\subitem syntax, 3--10, 54
\item Core Language Programs, 54
\item {\tt cos}, 88
\item cover, 81
\item cycle-freedom, 86
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf D}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item \DATATYPE, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration; specification
\item datatype binding ($\datbind$), 7, 8, 10, 25, 44, 63
\item datatype declaration. \see declaration
\item datatype description ($\datdesc$), 12, 14, 35, 51
\item datatype replication. \see declaration; specification
\item datatype specification. \see specification
\item $\datbind$. \see datatype binding
\item DatBind (datatype bindings), 7
\item $\datdesc$. \see datatype description
\item DatDesc (datatype descriptions), 12
\item $\dec$. \see declaration
\item Dec (declarations), 7
\item decimal notation. \see integer constant; word constant
\item declaration ($\dec$), 7, 10, 23--24, 43--44, 63
\subitem \boxml{abstype}, 3, 10, 23, 44, 57, 63
\subitem as structure-level declaration, 13, 32, 49
\subitem datatype replication, 10, 23, 43, 63, 82--84
\subitem \boxml{datatype}, 3, 10, 23, 43, 57, 63
\subitem empty, 10, 23, 44, 63
\subitem \boxml{exception}, 3, 10, 23, 44, 63
\subitem function (\boxml{fun}), 3, 55, 57, 63
\subitem \boxml{infix}, 3, 6, 10, 63
\subitem \boxml{infrixr}, 3, 6, 10, 63
\subitem \boxml{local}, 3, 10, 23, 44, 63
\subitem \boxml{nonfix}, 3, 6, 10, 63
\subitem \boxml{open}, 3, 10, 23, 44, 63
\subitem sequential (\boxml{;}), 3, 10, 24, 44, 63
\subitem \boxml{type}, 3, 10, 23, 43, 63
\subitem value (\boxml{val}), 3, 10, 23, 43, 63
\subitem \seealso structure-level declaration; top-level declaration
\item dereferencing (\ml{!}), 88
\item derived forms, 1, 7, 55--59
\item {\tt Diff}, 88
\item digit 
\subitem in identifier, 5
\subitem in integer- and real constants, 3
\item {\tt div}, 68
\item {\tt Div}, 88
\item division of reals (\ml{/}), 68
\item \DO, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item $\Dom$ (domain), 15
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf E}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $\exval$. \see exception value
\item $\ise$ (exception constructor status), 15, 16
\item \seealso identifier status descriptor; value identifier
\item $[\exval]$. \see packet 
\item \verb+e+\ (exponent), 3
\item \verb+E+\ (exponent), 3
\item $\E$. \see environment 
\item Edinburgh ML, 72
\item $\EE$ (exception constructor environment), 82
\item elaboration, 1, 2, 21
\item \ELSE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item $\e$. \see exception name
\item \END, 3, 10, 13, 56, 57, 62, 63
\item \verb+end_of_stream+, 88
\item enrichment ($\succ$), 30, 31, 82
\item $\excs$. \see exception name set
\item $\Env$ (environments), 16, 38
\item environment ($E$)
\subitem dynamic, 38, 39, 41--46, 47, 48, 49-50, 66
\subitem principal, 85
\subitem static, 16, 17, 21, 23--24, 29, 30, 31--36
\item \EQTYPE, 11
\subitem \seealso specification
\item equality 
\subitem admit equality, 15, 17, 20, 29, 33, 34, 65
\subitem maximise equality, 20, 23, 34
\subitem on abstract types, 20
\subitem of structures (sharing), 78
\subitem of values. \see \boxml{=}
\subitem respect equality, 20
\item equality attribute 
\subitem of type name, \eqtynamerefs
\subitem of type variable, \eqtyvarrefs
\item equality type, 17, 65
\item equality type function, 18
\item equality type specification. \see specification
\item equality type variable, \eqtyvarrefs
\item escape sequence, 3--4
\item EtyVar (equality type variables), 5, 15 
\item evaluation, vi, 1, 2, 40, 49
\item $\exnbind$. \see exception binding
\item ExBind (exception bindings), 7
\item \EXCEPTION, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration; specification
\item exception binding ($\exnbind$), 7, 8, 10, 25, 44, 63
\item exception constructor, 16, 82
\subitem \seealso value identifier
\item exception constructor environment ($\EE$), 82 
\item exception convention, 40
\item exception declaration. \see declaration.
\item exception description ($\exndesc$), 12, 14, 35, 52
\item exception name ($\e$), 37
\subitem fresh, 37, 45
\subitem as value, 38
\item exception name set ($\excs$), 38, 45
\item exception packet. \see packet 
\item exception specification. \see specification
\item exception value ($\exval$), 38, 42
\item $\exn$ (exception constructor), 82
\item $\Exn$ (exception constructors), 82
\item $\ExnEnv$ (exception constructor environments), 82
\item $\exndesc$. \see exception description
\item ExDesc (exception descriptions), 12
\item execution, 1, 53
\item $\EXCN$, 22, 65, 66
\item $\Exc$ (exception names), 37
\item $\ExcSet$ (exception name sets), 38
\item $\exp$. \see expression
\item Exp (expressions), 7
\item {\tt exp} (exponential), 88
\item {\tt Exp} (exception), 88
\item {\tt explode} (operation on strings), 88
\item expression ($\exp$), 7, 10, 62
\subitem application, 10, 22, 62
\subitem \boxml{case}, 56, 62
\subitem conditional ($\boxml{if}\cdots\boxml{then}\cdots\boxml{else}$), 56, 62
\subitem expansive, 19, 20, 81
\subitem explicitly typed (\boxml{:}),  10, 22, 62
\subitem \boxml{handle}, 10, 22, 40, 42, 62
\subitem infixed, 10, 62
\subitem lambda-abstraction (\boxml{fn}), 10, 22, 42, 62
\subitem non-expansive, 19, 20, 81, 86
\subitem \boxml{raise}, 10, 22, 42, 62
\subitem sequential and (\boxml{andalso}), 56, 62
\subitem sequential or (\boxml{orelse}), 56, 62
\subitem \boxml{while}$\cdots$\boxml{do}, 56, 62
\subitem \seealso atomic expression
\item expression row ($\labexps$), 7, 8, 10, 22, 41, 62
\item $\labexps$. \see expression row
\item ExpRow (expression rows), 7
\item $\ExVal$ (exception values), 38
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf F}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $\F$. \see functor environment
\item \verb+\f+, 3
\item $\FAIL$ (failure in pattern matching), 37, 45, 46
\item \FALSE, 9, 12, 56, 65, 66, 87
\item FAM (Functional Abstract Machine), 72
\item FcnClosure (function closures), 38, 39
\item $\finfun{}{}$ (finite map), 16
\item $\Fin$ (finite subset), 16
\item {\tt floor}, 88
\item {\tt Floor}, 88
\item \FN ($\lambda$), 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item formatting character, 4
\item \FUN, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration
\item $\funbind$. \see functor binding
\item FunBind (functor bindings), 12
\item function closure, 38, 39, 42
\item function declaration. \see declaration
\item function type ($\rightarrow$), 16, 22, 25, 26, 27, 35, 65
\item function type expression (\verb+->+), \funtyperefs
\item function-value binding ($\fvalbind$), 55, 57, 63
\subitem exhaustive, 28
\item \FUNCTOR, 11
\item \seealso functor declaration
\item functor application, \funcapprefs
\item functor binding ($\funbind$), 12, 14, 36, 52, 58
\item functor closure, 47
\item functor declaration ($\fundec$), 12, 14, 35, 52, 58
\subitem in top-level declaration, 14, 36, 52
\item functor description, 87
\item functor environment ($\F$)
\subitem dynamic, 47, 49, 52
\subitem static, 29, 31, 35, 36
\item functor identifier ($\funid$), 11
\item functor signature ($\funsig$), 29, 30, 31, 32, 36
\item functor signature expression, 87
\item functor signature matching, 87
\item functor specification, 87
\item $\FunctorClosure$ (functor closures), 47
\item $\fundec$ (functor declaration), 12, 14, 35, 52
\item FunDec (functor declarations), 12
\item $\fundesc$ (functor description), 87
\item FunDesc (functor descriptions), 87
\item $\FunEnv$ (functor environments), 29, 47
\item $\funid$. \see functor identifier
\item $\FunId$ (functor identifiers), 11
\item FunSig (functor signatures), 29
\item $\funsigexp$ (functor signature expression), 87
\item FunSigExp (functor signature expressions), 87
\item $\funspec$ (functor specification), 87
\item FunSpec (functor specifications), 87
\item $\FunType$ (function types), 16
\item FvalBind (function-value bindings), 55
\item $\fvalbind$. \see function-value binding
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf G}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $\G$. \see signature environment
\item generalisation ($\succ$), 18, 21, 26, 30
\item grammar,
\subitem for the Core, 7--10
\subitem for Modules, 11--14
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf H}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item \HANDLE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item hexadecimal notation. \see integer constant; word constant
\item HOPE, 70, 71
\indexspace
\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf I}\hfil}
\indexspace
\item $\I$ \see interface
\item $\IB$ \see interface basis
\item identifier ($\id$), 4--5, 11
\subitem alphanumeric, 5
\subitem long, 4 
\subitem qualified, 4, 5
\subitem rebinding of, 8--9, 12, 24
\subitem symbolic, 5
\subitem \seealso  atomic expression; atomic pattern; value identifier
\item IdStatus (identifier status descriptors), 15
\item identifier status descriptor ({\tt v}, {\tt c}, {\tt e}), 
\subitem defined, 15, 16
\subitem dynamic semantics, 39, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 66
\subitem motivated, 82
\subitem signature matching, 30, 82
\subitem static semantics, 19, 21, 25, 26, 27, 30, 35
\item \IF, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item implementation, 72--74
\item {\tt implode} (string operation), 88
\item $\In$ (injection), 17
\item \IN, 3, 13, 62, 63
\item \INCLUDE, 11
\subitem \seealso specification
\item inference rules 
\subitem dynamic semantics (Core), 40--46
\subitem dynamic semantics (Modules), 48--52
\subitem programs, 54
\subitem static semantics (Core), 21--27
\subitem static semantics (Modules), 31--36
\item $\inexp$ (infix expression), 60, 62
\item InfExp (infix expressions), 60, 62
\item \INFIX, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration
\item infix identifier, \infixapplrefs
\subitem associativity, 6, 86
\subitem precedence, 6
\subitem scope of fixity directive, \scopefixityrefs
\subitem \seealso expression; pattern
\item \INFIXR, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration
\item injection (\In), 17
\item {\tt input}, 88
\item input/output, 88
\item instance ($\geq$) 
\subitem in matching, 30, 31
\subitem of functor signature, 30, 31, 32
\subitem of signature, 30, 31, 
\item $\INSTREAM$, 88
\item $\INT$, 15, 65, 66
\item Int (overloading class), 67
\item $\Int$ (interfaces), 47
\item $\IntBasis$ (interface bases), 47
\item integer constant, 3
\subitem decimal notation, 3
\subitem hexadecimal notation, 3
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item $\Inter$, 47--48
\item interaction, 1, 53--54
\item interface ($\I$), 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
\item interface basis ($\IB$), 47, 48, 50, 51, 52
\item {\tt Interrupt}, 88
\item {\tt Io}, 88
\item ISWIM, 69
\item {\tt it}, 9, 12, 58, 87
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf K}\hfil}

\indexspace
\item keyword. \see reserved word
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf L}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item L (left associative), 6, 8
\item $\lab$. \see record label
\item $\Lab$ (record labels), 4
\item lambda-abstraction ({\tt fn}). \see expression
\item Lazy ML, 72
\item LCF, 69, 72
\item \LET, 3
\subitem \seealso atomic expression; structure expression
\item letter in identifer, 5
\item lexical analysis, 5
\item libraries, 65, 75
\subitem \seealso Basis Library
\item LISP, 69
\item $\LIST$, 65, 66
\item list reversal (\ml{rev}), 88
\item literal. \see special constant
\item {\tt ln}, 88
\item {\tt Ln}, 88
\item \LOCAL, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration; structure-level declaration
\item {\tt lookahead}, 88
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf M}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\m$ (structure name), 81
\item $\M$ (structure name set), 81
\item \ml{map}, 88
\item match ($\match$), 7, 10, 23, 43, 62
\subitem exhaustive, 28, 39
\subitem in function closure, 38, 39, 42
\subitem irredundant, 28, 39
\item $\Match$ (matches), 7
\item {\tt Match} (exception), 39, 42, 65, 66
\item match rule ($\mrule$), 7, 10, 23, 43, 62
\item matching 
\subitem signatures. \see signature matching 
\subitem functor signatures, 87
\item maximise equality. \see type environment
\item $\mem$. \see memory
\item $\Mem$ (memories), 38
\item memory ($\mem$), 38, 42, 46
\item ML Kit, 73
\item MLWorks, 73
\item {\tt mod}, 68
\item {\tt Mod}, 88
\item modification ($+$) 
\subitem of finite maps, 16
\subitem of environments, 17
\item module, v
\subitem \seealso structure-level declaration; functor declaration; 
\item Modules, 1
\item Moscow ML, 73
\item $\mrule$.  \see match rule.
\item Mrule (match rules), 7
\item multiplication of numbers (\ml{*}), \mulrefs
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf N}\hfil}

\indexspace
\item \verb+\n+ (newline), 3
\item name. \see exception name; type name; structure name
\item Natural Semantics, 2
\item {\tt Neg}, 88
\item negation of booleans (\ml{not}), 88
\item negation of numbers (\verb+~+), \unaryminusrefs
\item \NIL, 9, 12, 65, 66, 87
\item \NONFIX, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration
\item \ml{not}, 88
\item Num (overloading class), 67
\item NumTxt (overloading class), 67
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf O}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item \ml{o} (function composition), 88
\item $\of{}{}$ (projection), 17, 29
\item $\OF$, 3
\subitem in $\CASE$ expression, 57, 62
\subitem in constructor binding, 10
\subitem in constructor description, 14
\subitem in exception binding, 10
\subitem in exception description, 14
\item \OP,
\subitem before value identifier, 6, 10, 63
\subitem in constructor binding, 10
\item opaque signature constraint. \see structure expression
\item \OPEN, 3 
\subitem \seealso declaration; specification
\item \verb+open_in+, 88
\item \verb+open_out+, 88
\item option, 7, 21
\subitem first ($\langle\ \rangle$), 21
\subitem second ($\langle\langle\ \rangle\rangle$), 21
\item {\tt ord} (of string), 88
\item {\tt Ord}, 88
\item \ORELSE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item {\tt output}, 88
\item $\OUTSTREAM$, 88
\item overloading, 67-68, 88
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf P}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\p$. \see packet 
\item $\Pack$ (packets), 38
\item packet ($\p$), 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 54
\item parsing, 1, 60, 61
\item $\pat$. \see pattern.
\item Pat (patterns), 7
\item $\labpats$. \see pattern row.
\item PatRow (pattern rows), 7
\item pattern ($\pat$), 7, 8, 46, 64
\subitem constructed, 8, 26, 46, 64
\subitem exhaustive and irredundant, 28
\subitem infix, 8, 64
\subitem typed (\boxml{:}), 8, 26, 64
\subitem layered (\boxml{as}), 8, 27, 46, 57, 64
\subitem \seealso atomic pattern
\item pattern matching, 27, 28, 45-46
\subitem with $\REF$, 46
\item pattern row ($\labpats$), 7, 8, 26, 46, 64
\subitem wildcard(\boxml{...}), \dotdotdotrefs
\item Poly/ML, 72
\item polymorphism, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 30, 69-70, 71, 81 
\item POP2, 69
\item POPLOG, 74
\item precedence, 6
\item principal types, v, 85
\item printable character, 3
\item {\tt Prod}, 88
\item program ($\program$), 1, 53, 58
\item Program (programs), 1, 53
\item projection ($\of{}{}$), 17, 29
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf Q}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item {\tt Quot}, 88
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf R}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\r$. \see record
\item \verb+\r+, 3
\item R (right associative), 6, 8 
\item \RAISE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item $\Ran$ (range), 15
\item Real (overloading class), 67
\item $\REAL$
\subitem the type, 15, 65, 66, 88
\subitem coercion, 88
\item real constant, 3, 9, 65, 88
\item realisation. \see type realisation
\item RealNum (overloading class), 67
\item $\REC$, \recrefs
\subitem \seealso value binding
\item $\Rec$ (recursion operator), 39, 42, 44
\item Record (records), 38
\item record ($\r$), 38, 41, 46
\subitem \seealso row type; expression row; pattern row
\item record label ($\lab$), 4, 5, 8, 64
\item record selector (\ml{\#}\ {\it lab}), \hashrefs
\item record type. \see row type
\item record type expression, \bracestyexprefs
\item recursion. \see $\REC$; $\Rec$; $\FUN$ 
\item $\REF$ 
\subitem the type constructor, 9, 12, 65, 66, 87
\subitem the type name, 17, 20, 65
\subitem the value constructor, 9, 12, 19, 42, 46, 65, 66, 87
\item references
\subitem creation. \see $\REF$
\subitem dereferencing. \see $\REF$
\subitem polymorphic, 19, 70, 81
\item renaming
\subitem of type names, 29, 32
\subitem of type variables, 18
\item reserved word, 3, 11
\item respect equality (see equality) 
\item restrictions 
\subitem closure rules, 87
\subitem syntactic (Core), 8--9, 27--28
\subitem syntactic (Modules), 12
\item \ml{rev}, 88
\item row type ($\varrho$), 16, 22, 26, 27
\item RowType, 16
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf S}\hfil}

\indexspace
\item $\s$. \see state
\item {\SCon} (special constants), 4
\item {\scon}. \see special constant 
\item scope 
\subitem of fixity directive, \scopefixityrefs
\subitem of explicit type variable, \scopeexpltyvarsrefs
\subitem of constructorhood. \see identifier status descriptor
\item $\SE$ \see structure environment 
\item semantic object, 6, 15
\subitem compound (Core, Dynamic), 37--38
\subitem compound (Core, Static), 15--16
\subitem compound (Modules, Dynamic), 47
\subitem compound (Modules, Static), 29
\subitem simple (Dynamic), 37
\subitem simple (Static), 15
\subitem well-formed, 20, 33
\item semantics
\subitem of Core, 15--28, 37--46
\subitem of Modules, 29--36, 47--52
\subitem of Programs, 53--54
\item sentence, \tsrefs
\item \SHARING, 3
\subitem \seealso specification
\item $\SI$. \see structure interface
\item side-condition, 21
\item side-effect, 49, 54
\subitem \seealso assignment; \boxml{ref}
\item \SIG, 11
\subitem \seealso signature expression
\item $\Sig$ (signatures), 29
\item $\sigbind$. \see signature binding
\item SigBind (signature bindings), 12
\item $\sigdec$. \see signature declaration
\item SigDec (signature declarations), 12
\item $\SigEnv$ (signature environments), 29, 47
\item $\sigexp$. \see signature expression
\item SigExp (signature expressions), 12
\item $\sigid$. \see signature identifier
\item $\SigId$ (signature identifiers), 11
\item signature ($\sig$), 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 48
\subitem principal, 76, 86
\subitem type-explicit, 81
\item \SIGNATURE, 11
\subitem \seealso signature declaration
\item signature binding ($\sigbind$), 12, 13, 33, 50
\item signature declaration ($\sigdec$), 12, 13, 33, 50
\subitem in top-level declaration, 14, 36, 52
\item signature environment ($\G$) 
\subitem dynamic, 47, 48, 50, 52
\subitem static, 29, 33, 36
\item signature expression ($\sigexp$), 12, 13, 32-33, 50
\subitem basic (\boxml{sig}$\cdots$\boxml{end}), 13, 32, 50
\subitem signature identifier, \sigidrefs
\subitem type realisation (\boxml{where type}), 13, 33, 47, 76--77
\item signature identifier ($\sigid$), 11
\subitem as signature expression, \sigidrefs
\item signature instantiation. \see instance 
\item signature matching, 30, 31, 32
\subitem \seealso structure expression (\boxml{:} and \boxml{:>})
\item {\tt sin}, 88
\item {\tt size} (of strings), 88
\item $\spec$. \see specification
\item Spec (specifications), 12
\item special constant (\scon), 4, 15, 86
\subitem as atomic expression, 8, 21, 41, 62
\subitem as atomic pattern, 8, 26, 45, 64
\item special value ($\sv$), 37
\item specification ($\spec$), 12, 14, 33-34, 50-51
\subitem \boxml{datatype}, 14, 33, 50
\subitem datatype replication (\boxml{datatype} $\cdots$ \linebreak
\boxml{= datatype}), 14, 33, 51
\subitem empty, 14, 34, 51
\subitem equality type (\boxml{eqtype}), 14, 33, 50
\subitem \boxml{exception}, 14, 34, 51
\subitem \boxml{include}, 14, 34, 51, 59, 77
\subitem \boxml{local}, 87
\subitem \boxml{open}, 87
\subitem sequential (\boxml{;}), 14, 34, 51, 87
\subitem \boxml{structure}, 14, 34, 51
\subitem structure sharing (\boxml{sharing}), 55--56, 59, 80
\subitem \boxml{type}, 14, 33, 50
\subitem type abbreviations in, \typabbrinsigsrefs
\subitem type sharing (\boxml{sharing type}), 14, 34, 47, 78--80
\subitem value (\boxml{val}), 14, 33, 50
\item {\tt sqrt} (square root), 88
\item {\tt Sqrt}, 88
\item Standard ML (SML), iv, 69--75
\subitem Bare language, 1
\subitem Core language, 1, 54, 69--70
\subitem history of, 69--75
\subitem implementations, 72--74
\subitem learning about, vii
\subitem Modules, 1, 70--71
\subitem origins of, 69
\subitem Programs, 1, 54
\subitem revision of, iii, 76--88
\subitem semantics, 74--75
\item Standard ML of New Jersey, 73
\item state ($\s$), 38, 40, 42, 46, 49, 53, 54
\item $\State$, 38
\item state convention, 40, 42
\item \verb+std_in+, 88
\item \verb+std_out+, 88
\item $\strbind$. \see structure binding
\item StrBind (structure bindings), 12
\item $\strdec$. \see structure-level declaration
\item StrDec (structure-level declarations), 12
\item $\strdesc$. \see structure description
\item StrDesc (structure descriptions), 12
\item stream (input/output),  88
\item $\StrEnv$ (structure environments), 16, 38
\item $\strexp$. \see  structure expression
\item $\StrExp$ (structure expressions), 12
\item $\strid$. \see structure identifier
\item $\StrId$ (structure identifiers), 4
\item String (overloading class), 67
\item $\STRING$, 15, 65, 66
\item string constant, 3
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item StrInt (structure interfaces), 47
\item $\STRUCT$, 11
\subitem \seealso structure expression
\item structure (semantic object), 29
\item $\STRUCTURE$, 11
\subitem \seealso structure-level declaration; specification
\item structure binding ($\strbind$), 12, 32, 50, 58
\item structure declaration. \see structure-level declaration
\item structure description ($\strdesc$), 12, 14, 35, 52
\item structure environment ($\SE$) 
\subitem dynamic, 38, 48, 50, 66
\subitem static, 16,  17, 29, 30, 32, 35, 65
\item structure expression ($\strexp$), 12, 13, 31-32, 49
\subitem basic (\boxml{struct}$\cdots$\boxml{end}), 13, 31, 49
\subitem functor application, \funcapprefs
\subitem \boxml{let}, 13, 31, 49
\subitem long structure identifier, \stridasstrexprefs
\subitem opaque signature constraint (\boxml{:>}), 13, 31, 49, 58, 77--78
\subitem transparent signature constraint (\boxml{:}), 13, 31, 49, 58, 77--78
\item structure identifier ($\strid$), 4
\subitem as structure expression, \stridasstrexprefs
\item structure interface ($\SI$), 47, 48, 52
\item structure-level declaration ($\strdec$), 12, 13, 32, 49--50
\subitem empty, 13, 32, 50
\subitem in top-level declaration, 14, 36, 52
\subitem local (\boxml{local}$\cdots$\boxml{in}$\cdots$\boxml{end}), 13, 32, 50
\subitem of structure (\boxml{structure}), 13, 32, 49
\subitem sequential (\boxml{;}), 13, 32, 50
\subitem \seealso declaration; structure binding
\item structure name ($m$), 81
\item structure realisation ($\strrea$), 81
\item structure specification. \see specification
\item subtraction of numbers (\ml{-}), 68
\item {\tt Sum}, 88
\item {\SVal} (special values), 37
\item $\Supp$ (support), 29
\item $\sv$. \see special value
\item syntactic sugar. \see derived form
\item symbol, 5
\item syntax,
\subitem of Core, 3--10, 37
\subitem of Modules, 11-14
\subitem of Programs, 53
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf T}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\t$. \see type name
\item $\T$. \see type name set
\item $\TE$. \see type environment
\item textbooks, vii
\item \THEN, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item $T\!I$. \see type interface
\item TIL, 74
\item $\topdec$. \see top-level declaration
\item TopDec (top-level declarations), 12
\item top-level declaration ($\topdec$),
\subitem in program, 53--54
\subitem sequential (no \boxml{;}), 14, 36, 52
\item $\TRUE$, 9, 12, 56, 65,  66, 87
\item truncation of reals (\ml{floor}), 88
\item tuple. \see atomic expression; atomic pattern
\item $\ty$. \see type expression
\item Ty (type expressions), 7
\item $\tycon$. \see type constructor
\item $\TyCon$ (type constructors), 4
\item $\TyEnv$ (type environments), 16, 38
\item TyInt (type interfaces), 47
\item $\TyNames$ (type names), 15
\item $\TyNamesFcn$ (free type names), 16, 21, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36
\item $\TyNameSets$ (type name sets), 16
\item $\typbind$. \see type binding
\item TypBind (type bindings), 7
\item $\typdesc$. \see type description
\item TypDesc (type descriptions), 12
\item type ($\tau$), 16, 17, 18, 19, 21--23, 25--27, 33, 34, 35, 65
\subitem constructed ($\tau^{(k)}t$), 16, 17, 18, 20, 25, 26
\subitem as type scheme, 18
\subitem default, 67
\subitem imperative, 69
\subitem principal, v, 85
\subitem product, \startyperefs
\subitem \seealso type expression; function type
\item $\Type$ (types), 16
\item $\TYPE$, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration; specification
\item $\scontype$ (function on special constants), 15, 21
\item type abbreviation in signature, \typabbrinsigsrefs
\item type binding ($\typbind$),  7, 8, 10, 25, 44, 63
\item type constraint (\verb+:+). \see expression; pattern 
\item type constructor ($\tycon$), 4
\item type constructor name. \see type name 
\item type declaration. \see declaration
\item type description ($\typdesc$), 12, 14, 35, 51
\item type environment ($\TE$)
\subitem dynamic, 38,  43, 44, 48, 83
\subitem respect equality, 20, 80
\subitem maximise equality, 20, 23, 34
\subitem static, 16, 20, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 65
\item type explication, 81
\item type expression ($\ty$), 7, 8, 27, 57, 64
\item type-expression row ($\labtys$), 7, 8, 27, 64
\item type function ($\typefcn$), \Lambdarefs
\subitem application of, \typefunctionrefs
\subitem equality of, 17
\item type inference, 5
\subitem \seealso elaboration
\item type interface ($T\!I$), 47, 48, 50, 51, 83
\item type name ($\t$), 15
\subitem equality attribute of, \eqtynamerefs
\subitem flexible, 33, 34, 79
\subitem fresh, 23, 24, 32, 34, 35
\subitem in constructed type, 26
\subitem in initial basis, 65
\subitem in type structure, 20, 23, 33, 34, 35
\subitem substitution for, 18, 29, 30, 33, 34
\subitem within functor body, 36
\item type name set ($T$), 16, 17, 21, 24
\subitem in signatures,  29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36
\subitem \seealso type name, fresh
\item type realisation ($\rea$), 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 81
\item type scheme ($\tych$), 16
\subitem generalising a type ($\sigma\succ\tau$), 18, 21, 26
\subitem generalising a type scheme ($\sigma\succ\sigma'$), 18, 30
\subitem equality of, 18
\item type sharing. \see specification
\item type specification. \see specification
\item type structure $(\theta,\VE)$, 16, 23, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 48
\subitem enrichment, 30
\subitem in initial basis, 65
\subitem respect equality, 20, 80
\subitem well-formed, 20
\item type variable ($\tyvar$, $\alpha$), 4, 5, 15
\subitem applicative, 81
\subitem equality, \eqtyvarrefs
\subitem explicit, \scopeexpltyvarsrefs
\subitem imperative, 81
\subitem implicitly scoped, 9, 18
\subitem in type expression, 8, 27
\subitem unquarded, 18
\item type variable set ($U$), 16, 23
\item type vector ($\tauk$), 16
\item $\TypeFcn$ (type functions), 16
\item $\TypeScheme$ (type schemes), 16
\item $\labtys$. \see type-expression row
\item TyRow (type-expression rows), 7
\item $\TyStr$ (type structures), 16
\item $\tyvar$.  \see type variable
\item $\TyVar$ (type variables), 4, 15, 16
\item $\TyVarFcn$ (free type variables), 16, 20, 36
\item $\tyvarseq$ (type variable sequence), 7, 8, 12
\item $\TyVarSet$, 16
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf U}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\U$. \see type variable set
\item \verb+\u+, 4
\item $\UNIT$, 65, 66
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf V}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\V$. \see value
\item \verb+\v+, 3
\item {\tt v} (value constructor status), 15, 16
\subitem \seealso identifier status descriptor; value identifier
\item $\sconval$ (function on special constants), 37
\item $\Val$ (values), 38
\item $\VAL$, 3, 9, 18
\subitem \seealso declaration; specification
\item $\valbind$. \see value binding
\item ValBind (value bindings), 7
\item $\valdesc$. \see value description
\item ValDesc (value descriptions), 12
\item value ($v$), 38, 41--46, 47, 66
\subitem basic ($b$), 37, 38, 42
\item ValEnv (value environments), 16, 38
\item ValInt (value interfaces), 47
\item value binding ($\valbind$), 7, 8, 10, 24, 44
\subitem recursive (\boxml{rec}), \recrefs
\subitem simple, 10, 24, 39, 44
\item value constructor, 16, 82
\subitem \seealso value identifier
\item value declaration. \see declaration
\item value description ($\valdesc$), 12, 14, 34, 51
\item value environment ($\VE$),
\subitem dynamic, 38, 39, 41,  44--46, 48, 66
\subitem static, 16, 17, 20, 23--27, 30, 33--35, 48, 65
\item value identifier ($\vid$, $\longvid$), 4, 8, 82
\subitem as atomic expression, \vidinatexprefs
\subitem as atomic pattern, \vidinatpatrefs
\subitem as value, 38, 41, 45, 46, 66
\subitem status of ({\tt c}, {\tt v}, {\tt e}), \see identifier status descriptor
\item value interface ($\VI$), 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 82
\item value polymorphism, 81
\item value variable, 16, 82
\subitem \seealso value identifier
\item value specification. \see specification
\item $\var$ (value variable) , 82
\item $\Var$ (value variables), 82
\item $\VarEnv$ (variable environments), 82
\item variable. \see value variable
\item variable environment ($\VE$), 82
\item $\VE$ (variable environment), 82
\item $\VI$. \see value interface
\item $\vid$. \see value identifier
\item VId (value identifiers), 4, 82
\item view of a structure, 47
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf W}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item warnings,  28
\item well-formedness

\subitem of assembly, 20, 33, 86
\subitem of functor signature, 86
\subitem of signature, 86
\subitem of type structure, 20, 86
\item \WHILE, 3
\subitem \seealso expression
\item wildcard pattern (\verb+_+), \underscorewildrefs
\item wildcard pattern row (\verb+...+), \dotdotdotrefs
\item \WITH, 3
\subitem \seealso declaration, {\tt abstype}
\item \WITHTYPE, 3, 55, 57
\item Word (overloading class), 67
\item \boxml{word} (the type), 15, 65, 66
\item word constant, 3
\subitem decimal notation, 3
\subitem hexadecimal notation, 3
\subitem \seealso special constant
\item WordInd (overloading class), 67
\indexspace

\parbox{64mm}{\hfil{\large\bf Y}\hfil}

\indexspace

\item $\Yield$, 29
\end{theindex}