feat(eks): support for Kubernetes version 1.30 (aws#30454)

### Issue # (if applicable)

- Similar to aws#29040, this PR adds 1.30 support.
- Update all existing integ tests for `V1_29` and make sure they deploy with `V1_30`.

DependOn:
- [x] cdklabs/awscdk-asset-kubectl#838
- [x] cdklabs/awscdk-asset-kubectl#860

Closes aws#30443

### Reason for this change



### Description of changes



### Description of how you validated changes

```ts
export class EksClusterLatestVersion extends Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props: StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    const vpc = new ec2.Vpc(this, 'Vpc', { natGateways: 1 });
    const mastersRole = new iam.Role(this, 'Role', {
      assumedBy: new iam.AccountRootPrincipal(),
    });

    // create eks.Cluster of the latest k8s version
    new eks.Cluster(this, 'Cluster', {
      vpc,
      mastersRole,
      version: eks.KubernetesVersion.V1_30,
      kubectlLayer: new KubectlV30Layer(this, 'KubectlLayer'),
      defaultCapacity: 1,
    });
  }
}
```

$ kubectl get no
NAME                           STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
ip-172-31-3-166.ec2.internal   Ready    <none>   5m38s   v1.30.0-eks-036c24b



### Checklist
- [x] My code adheres to the [CONTRIBUTING GUIDE](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [DESIGN GUIDELINES](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/docs/DESIGN_GUIDELINES.md)

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: pahud

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/package.json

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     "@aws-cdk/integ-tests-alpha": "0.0.0",
     "@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v24": "^2.0.242",
     "@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v29": "^2.0.0",
+    "@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v30": "^2.0.0",
     "aws-cdk-lib": "0.0.0",
     "aws-sdk": "^2.1610.0",
     "aws-sdk-mock": "5.6.0",

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ-tests-kubernetes-version.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 import * as lambda from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-lambda';
 import { KubectlV24Layer } from '@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v24';
 import { KubectlV29Layer } from '@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v29';
+import { KubectlV30Layer } from '@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v30';
 import { Construct } from 'constructs';
 import * as eks from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-eks';
 
-const versionMap: { [key: string]: any } = {
-  1.24: KubectlV24Layer,
-  1.29: KubectlV29Layer,
+// This object maps Kubernetes version strings to their corresponding
+// KubectlLayerVersion constructor functions. This allows us to dynamically
+// create the appropriate KubectlLayerVersion instance based on the
+// Kubernetes version.
+const versionMap: { [key: string]: new (scope: Construct, id: string) => lambda.ILayerVersion } = {
+  '1.24': KubectlV24Layer,
+  '1.29': KubectlV29Layer,
+  '1.30': KubectlV30Layer,
 };
 
 export function getClusterVersionConfig(scope: Construct, version?: eks.KubernetesVersion) {

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-al2023-nodegroup.js.snapshot/asset.9202bb21d52e07810fc1da0f6acf2dcb75a40a43a9a2efbcfc9ae39535c6260c.zip renamed to packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-al2023-nodegroup.js.snapshot/asset.22de69e75b55e15d4d49905d8a4901edd66d1367f617c2a01ac6e86ca2b7eb84.zip

@@ -434,9 +434,9 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "b5925bba477fd1ac27c3a695a9f6ece293bd0ae6940bc65a5b99008ab54f60f7.zip"
+     "S3Key": "bfbdea4d45250c8162c204fe0687cb775e24d61c895ad89e4ca6e9a7fc90b0f0.zip"
     },
-    "Description": "/opt/kubectl/kubectl 1.29; /opt/helm/helm 3.14",
+    "Description": "/opt/kubectl/kubectl 1.30; /opt/helm/helm 3.15",
     "LicenseInfo": "Apache-2.0"
    }
   },
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@
      ]
     },
     "Config": {
-     "version": "1.29",
+     "version": "1.30",
      "roleArn": {
       "Fn::GetAtt": [
        "ClusterRoleFA261979",
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@
        {
         "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
        },
-       "/471fe4d6391a89009b531814efc9974653ad7582640370a65c9c1295e6f5e4bc.json"
+       "/f60bb443f247dda63ec8772a7627d54d50a56350ed4e8c906bc15e8272052a12.json"
       ]
      ]
     }
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@
        {
         "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
        },
-       "/b950d200e14479f797ff28cd9b5f20f6292b459a527fd88842f706bd93ec4e88.json"
+       "/5ae608f2a0d8bc3f9dbe5f1a3254a5e50e17eb42f6cf3459a3687bcd7f00db86.json"
       ]
      ]
     }

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-cluster-tags.js.snapshot/asset.50e6a6d5235d43d18ee2c14240b7030d65fbbaceccb0547fcb880284cd4970f3/index.js renamed to packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-al2023-nodegroup.js.snapshot/asset.98b432f1b1df9de4026df7e718c23783d833d67973da5291085b4dc7be1a568a/index.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "9202bb21d52e07810fc1da0f6acf2dcb75a40a43a9a2efbcfc9ae39535c6260c.zip"
+     "S3Key": "22de69e75b55e15d4d49905d8a4901edd66d1367f617c2a01ac6e86ca2b7eb84.zip"
     },
     "Description": "/opt/nodejs/node_modules/proxy-agent"
    }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "71aae489e8a9171b4e9c4ed9b264e3dad2dd3abfa40efb57071906931624ca52.zip"
+     "S3Key": "98b432f1b1df9de4026df7e718c23783d833d67973da5291085b4dc7be1a568a.zip"
     },
     "Description": "onEvent handler for EKS cluster resource provider",
     "Environment": {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "71aae489e8a9171b4e9c4ed9b264e3dad2dd3abfa40efb57071906931624ca52.zip"
+     "S3Key": "98b432f1b1df9de4026df7e718c23783d833d67973da5291085b4dc7be1a568a.zip"
     },
     "Description": "isComplete handler for EKS cluster resource provider",
     "Environment": {

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-al2023-nodegroup.js.snapshot/asset.1471fa6f2876749a13de79989efc6651c9768d3173ef5904947e87504f8d7069/apply/__init__.py renamed to packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-eks/test/integ.eks-al2023-nodegroup.js.snapshot/asset.abc70c90ded969d12235ca11768293cb20557cff54518518480c0d9fb344a098/apply/__init__.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "1471fa6f2876749a13de79989efc6651c9768d3173ef5904947e87504f8d7069.zip"
+     "S3Key": "abc70c90ded969d12235ca11768293cb20557cff54518518480c0d9fb344a098.zip"
     },
     "Description": "onEvent handler for EKS kubectl resource provider",
     "Handler": "index.handler",