diff --git a/Compiler/src/ssair/ir.jl b/Compiler/src/ssair/ir.jl
index 743e26cb230bb..1461bad65d1bc 100644
--- a/Compiler/src/ssair/ir.jl
+++ b/Compiler/src/ssair/ir.jl
@@ -1684,7 +1684,10 @@ function process_node!(compact::IncrementalCompact, result_idx::Int, inst::Instr
                 stmt = ssa_rename[stmt.id]
             end
         elseif isa(stmt, NewSSAValue)
-            stmt = SSAValue(stmt.id)
+            if stmt.id > 0
+                # Negative ids reference new_new_nodes and must remain NewSSAValue.
+                stmt = SSAValue(stmt.id)
+            end
         else
             # Constant assign, replace uses of this ssa value with its result
         end
diff --git a/Compiler/test/irpasses.jl b/Compiler/test/irpasses.jl
index 98c7915d0043c..da0a31a260614 100644
--- a/Compiler/test/irpasses.jl
+++ b/Compiler/test/irpasses.jl
@@ -2134,3 +2134,19 @@ let src = code_typed1((Vector{Any},)) do xs
     end
     @test count(iscall((src, Core.svec)), src.code) == 1
 end
+
+# Negative NewSSAValue ids must be preserved during compaction
+function f_57827(op, init, x)
+    v = op(init, x)
+    i = 0
+    while i < 1
+        v = op(v, x)
+        i += 1
+    end
+    return v
+end
+let rf = (acc, x) -> ifelse(x > acc[1], (x,), (acc[1],))
+    @test f_57827(rf, (0.0,), 1) === (1,)
+    ir = first(only(Base.code_ircode(f_57827, (typeof(rf), Tuple{Float64}, Int64); optimize_until="CC: SROA")))
+    @test ir isa Compiler.IRCode
+end