InteractiveUtils.jl: fixes issue where subtypes resolves bindings and causes deprecation warnings (#56306)

The current version of `subtypes` will throw deprecation errors even if
no one is using the deprecated bindings.

A similar bug was fixed in Aqua.jl -
https://github.com/JuliaTesting/Aqua.jl/pull/89/files

See discussion here: 

- JuliaIO/ImageMagick.jl#235 (for identifying
the problem)
- simonster/Reexport.jl#42 (for pointing to
the issue in Aqua.jl)
- https://github.com/JuliaTesting/Aqua.jl/pull/89/files (for the fix in
Aqua.jl)

This adds the `isbindingresolved` test to the `subtypes` function to
avoid throwing deprecation warnings. It also adds a test to check that
this doesn't happen.

---

On the current master branch (before the fix), the added test shows: 
 
```
WARNING: using deprecated binding InternalModule.MyOldType in OuterModule.
, use MyType instead.
Subtypes and deprecations: Test Failed at /home/dgleich/devextern/julia/usr/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Test/src/Test.jl:932
  Expression: isempty(stderr_content)
   Evaluated: isempty("WARNING: using deprecated binding InternalModule.MyOldType in OuterModule.\n, use MyType instead.\n")
Test Summary:             | Fail  Total  Time
Subtypes and deprecations |    1      1  2.8s
ERROR: LoadError: Some tests did not pass: 0 passed, 1 failed, 0 errored, 0 broken.
in expression starting at /home/dgleich/devextern/julia/stdlib/InteractiveUtils/test/runtests.jl:841
ERROR: Package InteractiveUtils errored during testing
```

---

Using the results of this pull request:

```
@test_nowarn subtypes(Integer);
```

passes without error. The other tests pass too.

Author: dgleich

stdlib/InteractiveUtils/src/InteractiveUtils.jl

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export apropos, edit, less, code_warntype, code_llvm, code_native, methodswith,
 import Base.Docs.apropos
 
 using Base: unwrap_unionall, rewrap_unionall, isdeprecated, Bottom, summarysize,
-    signature_type, format_bytes
+    signature_type, format_bytes, isbindingresolved
 using Base.Libc
 using Markdown
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ function _subtypes_in!(mods::Array, x::Type)
         m = pop!(mods)
         xt = xt::DataType
         for s in names(m, all = true)
-            if isdefined(m, s) && !isdeprecated(m, s)
+            if isbindingresolved(m, s) && !isdeprecated(m, s) && isdefined(m, s)
                 t = getfield(m, s)
                 dt = isa(t, UnionAll) ? unwrap_unionall(t) : t
                 if isa(dt, DataType)

stdlib/InteractiveUtils/test/runtests.jl

@@ -823,3 +823,22 @@ end
 @testset "Docstrings" begin
     @test isempty(Docs.undocumented_names(InteractiveUtils))
 end
+
+# issue https://github.com/JuliaIO/ImageMagick.jl/issues/235
+module OuterModule
+    module InternalModule
+        struct MyType
+            x::Int
+        end
+
+        Base.@deprecate_binding MyOldType MyType
+
+        export MyType
+    end
+    using .InternalModule
+    export MyType, MyOldType
+end # module
+@testset "Subtypes and deprecations" begin
+    using .OuterModule
+    @test_nowarn subtypes(Integer);
+end