bpart: Skip inserting image backedges while we're generating a pkgimage (#58843)

Should speed up deeply nested precompiles by skipping unnecessary work
here.

PR is against #58830 to avoid conflicts, but semantically independent.

Author: Keno

base/invalidation.jl

@@ -206,6 +206,10 @@ function scan_new_method!(method::Method, image_backedges_only::Bool)
 end
 
 function scan_new_methods!(extext_methods::Vector{Any}, internal_methods::Vector{Any}, image_backedges_only::Bool)
+    if image_backedges_only && Base.generating_output(true)
+        # Replacing image bindings is forbidden during incremental precompilation - skip backedge insertion
+        return
+    end
     for method in internal_methods
         if isa(method, Method)
            scan_new_method!(method, image_backedges_only)

src/module.c

@@ -1669,8 +1669,14 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT jl_binding_partition_t *jl_replace_binding_locked2(jl_binding_t *b,
     // Until the first such replacement, we can fast-path validation.
     // For these purposes, we consider the `Main` module to be a non-sysimg module.
     // This is legal, because we special case the `Main` in check_safe_import_from.
-    if (jl_object_in_image((jl_value_t*)b) && b->globalref->mod != jl_main_module && jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_first_image_replacement_world) == ~(size_t)0)
+    if (jl_object_in_image((jl_value_t*)b) && b->globalref->mod != jl_main_module && jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_first_image_replacement_world) == ~(size_t)0) {
+        // During incremental compilation replacement of image bindings is forbidden;
+        // We use this to avoid inserting backedges while loading pkgimages.
+        // `check_safe_newbinding` checks an equivalent condition on `b->globalref->mod`,
+        // but doesn't quite query `jl_object_in_image`, so assert here to be extra sure.
+        assert(!(jl_options.incremental && jl_generating_output()));
         jl_atomic_store_relaxed(&jl_first_image_replacement_world, new_world);
+    }
 
     assert(jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&b->partitions) == old_bpart);
     jl_binding_partition_t *new_bpart = new_binding_partition();