diff --git a/src/EventSourcingTests/FetchForWriting/fetch_for_writing_and_projection_metadata_for_inline_projections.cs b/src/EventSourcingTests/FetchForWriting/fetch_for_writing_and_projection_metadata_for_inline_projections.cs
index 6ed265700c..898c5baea4 100644
--- a/src/EventSourcingTests/FetchForWriting/fetch_for_writing_and_projection_metadata_for_inline_projections.cs
+++ b/src/EventSourcingTests/FetchForWriting/fetch_for_writing_and_projection_metadata_for_inline_projections.cs
@@ -120,6 +120,48 @@ public async Task can_use_version_metadata_on_existing_stream_with_expected_vers
         ProjectionWithVersions.VersionsSeen.ShouldBe([5, 6, 7, 8]);
 
     }
+
+    // Regression for #4481: when an Evolve-based inline projection's stream is
+    // fetched via FetchForWriting and no events are appended, an unrelated
+    // document insert in the same session was failing with
+    // JasperFx.ConcurrencyException because the empty stream still flowed
+    // through the inline-projection Apply step and queued a storage operation
+    // that did an optimistic-concurrency check against the unchanged version.
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task fetch_for_writing_without_appending_does_not_block_unrelated_inserts()
+    {
+        StoreOptions(opts =>
+        {
+            opts.Projections.Add<ProjectionWithVersions>(ProjectionLifecycle.Inline);
+            opts.Schema.For<UnrelatedDoc>().Identity(x => x.Id);
+        });
+
+        var streamId = Guid.NewGuid();
+
+        await using (var session = theStore.LightweightSession())
+        {
+            session.Events.StartStream<VersionedGuy>(streamId, new AEvent(), new BEvent());
+            await session.SaveChangesAsync();
+        }
+
+        await using (var session = theStore.LightweightSession())
+        {
+            // Fetch the stream but deliberately do not append any new events.
+            await session.Events.FetchForWriting<VersionedGuy>(streamId);
+
+            // Insert an unrelated document on the same session.
+            session.Store(new UnrelatedDoc { Id = streamId, Note = "no new events" });
+
+            // Should NOT throw — the empty stream must not propagate an
+            // optimistic-concurrency check on the unchanged aggregate.
+            await session.SaveChangesAsync();
+        }
+
+        await using var verify = theStore.QuerySession();
+        var unrelated = await verify.LoadAsync<UnrelatedDoc>(streamId);
+        unrelated.ShouldNotBeNull();
+        unrelated.Note.ShouldBe("no new events");
+    }
 }
 
 public class ProjectionWithVersions : SingleStreamProjection<VersionedGuy, Guid>
@@ -166,3 +208,9 @@ public class VersionedGuy
 
     public int Version { get; set; }
 }
+
+public class UnrelatedDoc
+{
+    public Guid Id { get; set; }
+    public string Note { get; set; } = "";
+}
diff --git a/src/Marten/Events/QuickEventAppender.cs b/src/Marten/Events/QuickEventAppender.cs
index baabef6d3c..22886ed176 100644
--- a/src/Marten/Events/QuickEventAppender.cs
+++ b/src/Marten/Events/QuickEventAppender.cs
@@ -85,9 +85,14 @@ public async Task ProcessEventsAsync(EventGraph eventGraph, DocumentSessionBase
     {
         registerOperationsForStreams(eventGraph, session);
 
+        // Issue #4481: only pass streams that actually have events. See the
+        // matching guard in RichEventAppender.ProcessEventsAsync for context.
+        var streamsWithEvents = session.WorkTracker.Streams.Where(x => x.Events.Any()).ToList();
+        if (streamsWithEvents.Count == 0) return;
+
         foreach (var projection in inlineProjections)
         {
-            await projection.ApplyAsync(session, session.WorkTracker.Streams.ToList(), token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await projection.ApplyAsync(session, streamsWithEvents, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Marten/Events/RichEventAppender.cs b/src/Marten/Events/RichEventAppender.cs
index c400449b87..10618c5aae 100644
--- a/src/Marten/Events/RichEventAppender.cs
+++ b/src/Marten/Events/RichEventAppender.cs
@@ -80,9 +80,24 @@ public async Task ProcessEventsAsync(EventGraph eventGraph, DocumentSessionBase
         }
 
         // TODO -- look for opportunities to batch up the requests here too!
-        foreach (var projection in inlineProjections)
+        //
+        // Issue #4481: only pass streams that actually have events. An empty
+        // stream (e.g. FetchForWriting<TAggregate> called without any
+        // subsequent AppendOne/AppendMany) used to slip through here and
+        // trigger an inline projection's snapshot-write path on the unchanged
+        // aggregate, raising a JasperFx.ConcurrencyException on the next
+        // SaveChangesAsync for any other work on the same session. The
+        // upstream JasperFx aggregation base's `AppliesTo(eventTypes)`
+        // returns `true` unconditionally when the projection has no
+        // statically-known event types (Evolve-only projections), so the
+        // empty stream was not being filtered downstream.
+        var streamsWithEvents = session.WorkTracker.Streams.Where(x => x.Events.Any()).ToList();
+        if (streamsWithEvents.Count > 0)
         {
-            await projection.ApplyAsync(session, session.WorkTracker.Streams.ToList(), token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            foreach (var projection in inlineProjections)
+            {
+                await projection.ApplyAsync(session, streamsWithEvents, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
         }
     }
 }