stb_ds.h

/* stb_ds.h - v0.67 - public domain data structures - Sean Barrett 2019

   This is a single-header-file library that provides easy-to-use
   dynamic arrays and hash tables for C (also works in C++).

   For a gentle introduction:
http://nothings.org/stb_ds

To use this library, do this in *one* C or C++ file:
#define STB_DS_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_ds.h"

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents
Compile-time options
License
Documentation
Notes
Notes - Dynamic arrays
Notes - Hash maps
Credits

COMPILE-TIME OPTIONS

#define STBDS_NO_SHORT_NAMES

This flag needs to be set globally.

By default stb_ds exposes shorter function names that are not qualified
with the "stbds_" prefix. If these names conflict with the names in your
code, define this flag.

#define STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4

This flag only needs to be set in the file containing #define STB_DS_IMPLEMENTATION.

By default stb_ds.h hashes using a weaker variant of SipHash and a custom hash for
4- and 8-byte keys. On 64-bit platforms, you can define the above flag to force
stb_ds.h to use specification-compliant SipHash-2-4 for all keys. Doing so makes
hash table insertion about 20% slower on 4- and 8-byte keys, 5% slower on
64-byte keys, and 10% slower on 256-byte keys on my test computer.

#define STBDS_REALLOC(context,ptr,size) better_realloc
#define STBDS_FREE(context,ptr)         better_free

These defines only need to be set in the file containing #define STB_DS_IMPLEMENTATION.

By default stb_ds uses stdlib realloc() and free() for memory management. You can
substitute your own functions instead by defining these symbols. You must either
define both, or neither. Note that at the moment, 'context' will always be NULL.
@TODO add an array/hash initialization function that takes a memory context pointer.

#define STBDS_UNIT_TESTS

Defines a function stbds_unit_tests() that checks the functioning of the data structures.

Note that on older versions of gcc (e.g. 5.x.x) you may need to build with '-std=c++0x'
(or equivalentally '-std=c++11') when using anonymous structures as seen on the web
page or in STBDS_UNIT_TESTS.

LICENSE

Placed in the public domain and also MIT licensed.
See end of file for detailed license information.

DOCUMENTATION

Dynamic Arrays

Non-function interface:

Declare an empty dynamic array of type T
T* foo = NULL;

Access the i'th item of a dynamic array 'foo' of type T, T* foo:
foo[i]

Functions (actually macros)

    arrfree:
    void arrfree(T*);
    Frees the array.

    arrlen:
    ptrdiff_t arrlen(T*);
    Returns the number of elements in the array.

    arrlenu:
    size_t arrlenu(T*);
    Returns the number of elements in the array as an unsigned type.

    arrpop:
T arrpop(T* a)
    Removes the final element of the array and returns it.

    arrput:
    T arrput(T* a, T b);
    Appends the item b to the end of array a. Returns b.

    arrins:
    T arrins(T* a, int p, T b);
    Inserts the item b into the middle of array a, into a[p],
    moving the rest of the array over. Returns b.

    arrinsn:
    void arrinsn(T* a, int p, int n);
    Inserts n uninitialized items into array a starting at a[p],
    moving the rest of the array over.

    arraddnptr:
T* arraddnptr(T* a, int n)
    Appends n uninitialized items onto array at the end.
    Returns a pointer to the first uninitialized item added.

    arraddnindex:
size_t arraddnindex(T* a, int n)
    Appends n uninitialized items onto array at the end.
    Returns the index of the first uninitialized item added.

    arrdel:
    void arrdel(T* a, int p);
    Deletes the element at a[p], moving the rest of the array over.

    arrdeln:
    void arrdeln(T* a, int p, int n);
    Deletes n elements starting at a[p], moving the rest of the array over.

    arrdelswap:
    void arrdelswap(T* a, int p);
    Deletes the element at a[p], replacing it with the element from
    the end of the array. O(1) performance.

    arrsetlen:
    void arrsetlen(T* a, int n);
    Changes the length of the array to n. Allocates uninitialized
    slots at the end if necessary.

    arrsetcap:
    size_t arrsetcap(T* a, int n);
    Sets the length of allocated storage to at least n. It will not
    change the length of the array.

    arrcap:
    size_t arrcap(T* a);
    Returns the number of total elements the array can contain without
    needing to be reallocated.

    Hash maps & String hash maps

    Given T is a structure type: struct { TK key; TV value; }. Note that some
    functions do not require TV value and can have other fields. For string
    hash maps, TK must be 'char *'.

    Special interface:

    stbds_rand_seed:
    void stbds_rand_seed(size_t seed);
    For security against adversarially chosen data, you should seed the
    library with a strong random number. Or at least seed it with time().

    stbds_hash_string:
    size_t stbds_hash_string(char *str, size_t seed);
    Returns a hash value for a string.

    stbds_hash_bytes:
    size_t stbds_hash_bytes(void *p, size_t len, size_t seed);
    These functions hash an arbitrary number of bytes. The function
    uses a custom hash for 4- and 8-byte data, and a weakened version
    of SipHash for everything else. On 64-bit platforms you can get
    specification-compliant SipHash-2-4 on all data by defining
    STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4, at a significant cost in speed.

    Non-function interface:

    Declare an empty hash map of type T
    T* foo = NULL;

    Access the i'th entry in a hash table T* foo:
    foo[i]

    Function interface (actually macros):

        hmfree
        shfree
        void hmfree(T*);
        void shfree(T*);
        Frees the hashmap and sets the pointer to NULL.

        hmlen
    shlen
    ptrdiff_t hmlen(T*)
ptrdiff_t shlen(T*)
    Returns the number of elements in the hashmap.

    hmlenu
    shlenu
    size_t hmlenu(T*)
size_t shlenu(T*)
    Returns the number of elements in the hashmap.

    hmgeti
    shgeti
    hmgeti_ts
    ptrdiff_t hmgeti(T*, TK key)
    ptrdiff_t shgeti(T*, char* key)
ptrdiff_t hmgeti_ts(T*, TK key, ptrdiff_t tempvar)
    Returns the index in the hashmap which has the key 'key', or -1
    if the key is not present.

    hmget
    hmget_ts
    shget
    TV hmget(T*, TK key)
    TV shget(T*, char* key)
TV hmget_ts(T*, TK key, ptrdiff_t tempvar)
    Returns the value corresponding to 'key' in the hashmap.
    The structure must have a 'value' field

    hmgets
    shgets
    T hmgets(T*, TK key)
T shgets(T*, char* key)
    Returns the structure corresponding to 'key' in the hashmap.

    hmgetp
    shgetp
    hmgetp_ts
    hmgetp_null
    shgetp_null
    T* hmgetp(T*, TK key)
    T* shgetp(T*, char* key)
    T* hmgetp_ts(T*, TK key, ptrdiff_t tempvar)
    T* hmgetp_null(T*, TK key)
T* shgetp_null(T*, char *key)
    Returns a pointer to the structure corresponding to 'key' in
    the hashmap. Functions ending in "_null" return NULL if the key
    is not present in the hashmap; the others return a pointer to a
    structure holding the default value (but not the searched-for key).

    hmdefault
    shdefault
    TV hmdefault(T*, TV value)
TV shdefault(T*, TV value)
    Sets the default value for the hashmap, the value which will be
    returned by hmget/shget if the key is not present.

    hmdefaults
    shdefaults
    TV hmdefaults(T*, T item)
TV shdefaults(T*, T item)
    Sets the default struct for the hashmap, the contents which will be
    returned by hmgets/shgets if the key is not present.

    hmput
    shput
    TV hmput(T*, TK key, TV value)
TV shput(T*, char* key, TV value)
    Inserts a <key,value> pair into the hashmap. If the key is already
    present in the hashmap, updates its value.

    hmputs
    shputs
    T hmputs(T*, T item)
T shputs(T*, T item)
    Inserts a struct with T.key into the hashmap. If the struct is already
    present in the hashmap, updates it.

    hmdel
    shdel
    int hmdel(T*, TK key)
int shdel(T*, char* key)
    If 'key' is in the hashmap, deletes its entry and returns 1.
    Otherwise returns 0.

    Function interface (actually macros) for strings only:

    sh_new_strdup
    void sh_new_strdup(T*);
    Overwrites the existing pointer with a newly allocated
    string hashmap which will automatically allocate and free
    each string key using realloc/free

    sh_new_arena
    void sh_new_arena(T*);
    Overwrites the existing pointer with a newly allocated
    string hashmap which will automatically allocate each string
    key to a string arena. Every string key ever used by this
    hash table remains in the arena until the arena is freed.
    Additionally, any key which is deleted and reinserted will
    be allocated multiple times in the string arena.

    NOTES

    * These data structures are realloc'd when they grow, and the macro
    "functions" write to the provided pointer. This means: (a) the pointer
    must be an lvalue, and (b) the pointer to the data structure is not
    stable, and you must maintain it the same as you would a realloc'd
    pointer. For example, if you pass a pointer to a dynamic array to a
    function which updates it, the function must return back the new
    pointer to the caller. This is the price of trying to do this in C.

    * The following are the only functions that are thread-safe on a single data
    structure, i.e. can be run in multiple threads simultaneously on the same
    data structure
    hmlen        shlen
    hmlenu       shlenu
    hmget_ts     shget_ts
    hmgeti_ts    shgeti_ts
    hmgets_ts    shgets_ts

    * You iterate over the contents of a dynamic array and a hashmap in exactly
    the same way, using arrlen/hmlen/shlen:

    for (i=0; i < arrlen(foo); ++i)
    ... foo[i] ...

    * All operations except arrins/arrdel are O(1) amortized, but individual
    operations can be slow, so these data structures may not be suitable
    for real time use. Dynamic arrays double in capacity as needed, so
    elements are copied an average of once. Hash tables double/halve
their size as needed, with appropriate hysteresis to maintain O(1)
    performance.

    NOTES - DYNAMIC ARRAY

    * If you know how long a dynamic array is going to be in advance, you can avoid
    extra memory allocations by using arrsetlen to allocate it to that length in
    advance and use foo[n] while filling it out, or arrsetcap to allocate the memory
    for that length and use arrput/arrpush as normal.

    * Unlike some other versions of the dynamic array, this version should
    be safe to use with strict-aliasing optimizations.

    NOTES - HASH MAP

    * For compilers other than GCC and clang (e.g. Visual Studio), for hmput/hmget/hmdel
    and variants, the key must be an lvalue (so the macro can take the address of it).
    Extensions are used that eliminate this requirement if you're using C99 and later
    in GCC or clang, or if you're using C++ in GCC. But note that this can make your
    code less portable.

    * To test for presence of a key in a hashmap, just do 'hmgeti(foo,key) >= 0'.

    * The iteration order of your data in the hashmap is determined solely by the
    order of insertions and deletions. In particular, if you never delete, new
    keys are always added at the end of the array. This will be consistent
    across all platforms and versions of the library. However, you should not
    attempt to serialize the internal hash table, as the hash is not consistent
    between different platforms, and may change with future versions of the library.

    * Use sh_new_arena() for string hashmaps that you never delete from. Initialize
    with NULL if you're managing the memory for your strings, or your strings are
    never freed (at least until the hashmap is freed). Otherwise, use sh_new_strdup().
    @TODO: make an arena variant that garbage collects the strings with a trivial
    copy collector into a new arena whenever the table shrinks / rebuilds. Since
    current arena recommendation is to only use arena if it never deletes, then
    this can just replace current arena implementation.

    * If adversarial input is a serious concern and you're on a 64-bit platform,
    enable STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4 (see the 'Compile-time options' section), and pass
    a strong random number to stbds_rand_seed.

    * The default value for the hash table is stored in foo[-1], so if you
    use code like 'hmget(T,k)->value = 5' you can accidentally overwrite
    the value stored by hmdefault if 'k' is not present.

    CREDITS

    Sean Barrett -- library, idea for dynamic array API/implementation
    Per Vognsen  -- idea for hash table API/implementation
Rafael Sachetto -- arrpop()
    github:HeroicKatora -- arraddn() reworking

    Bugfixes:
    Andy Durdin
    Shane Liesegang
    Vinh Truong
    Andreas Molzer
    github:hashitaku
    github:srdjanstipic
    Macoy Madson
    Andreas Vennstrom
    Tobias Mansfield-Williams
    */

#ifdef STBDS_UNIT_TESTS
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#endif

#ifndef INCLUDE_STB_DS_H
#define INCLUDE_STB_DS_H

#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef STBDS_NO_SHORT_NAMES
#define arrlen      stbds_arrlen
#define arrlenu     stbds_arrlenu
#define arrput      stbds_arrput
#define arrpush     stbds_arrput
#define arrpop      stbds_arrpop
#define arrfree     stbds_arrfree
#define arraddn     stbds_arraddn /* deprecated, use one of the following instead: */
#define arraddnptr  stbds_arraddnptr
#define arraddnindex stbds_arraddnindex
#define arrsetlen   stbds_arrsetlen
#define arrlast     stbds_arrlast
#define arrins      stbds_arrins
#define arrinsn     stbds_arrinsn
#define arrdel      stbds_arrdel
#define arrdeln     stbds_arrdeln
#define arrdelswap  stbds_arrdelswap
#define arrcap      stbds_arrcap
#define arrsetcap   stbds_arrsetcap

#define hmput       stbds_hmput
#define hmputs      stbds_hmputs
#define hmget       stbds_hmget
#define hmget_ts    stbds_hmget_ts
#define hmgets      stbds_hmgets
#define hmgetp      stbds_hmgetp
#define hmgetp_ts   stbds_hmgetp_ts
#define hmgetp_null stbds_hmgetp_null
#define hmgeti      stbds_hmgeti
#define hmgeti_ts   stbds_hmgeti_ts
#define hmdel       stbds_hmdel
#define hmlen       stbds_hmlen
#define hmlenu      stbds_hmlenu
#define hmfree      stbds_hmfree
#define hmdefault   stbds_hmdefault
#define hmdefaults  stbds_hmdefaults

#define shput       stbds_shput
#define shputi      stbds_shputi
#define shputs      stbds_shputs
#define shget       stbds_shget
#define shgeti      stbds_shgeti
#define shgets      stbds_shgets
#define shgetp      stbds_shgetp
#define shgetp_null stbds_shgetp_null
#define shdel       stbds_shdel
#define shlen       stbds_shlen
#define shlenu      stbds_shlenu
#define shfree      stbds_shfree
#define shdefault   stbds_shdefault
#define shdefaults  stbds_shdefaults
#define sh_new_arena  stbds_sh_new_arena
#define sh_new_strdup stbds_sh_new_strdup

#define stralloc    stbds_stralloc
#define strreset    stbds_strreset
#endif

#if defined(STBDS_REALLOC) && !defined(STBDS_FREE) || !defined(STBDS_REALLOC) && defined(STBDS_FREE)
#error "You must define both STBDS_REALLOC and STBDS_FREE, or neither."
#endif
#if !defined(STBDS_REALLOC) && !defined(STBDS_FREE)
#include <stdlib.h>
#define STBDS_REALLOC(c,p,s) realloc(p,s)
#define STBDS_FREE(c,p)      free(p)
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define STBDS_NOTUSED(v)  (void)(v)
#else
#define STBDS_NOTUSED(v)  (void)sizeof(v)
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C" {
#endif

        /* for security against attackers, seed the library with a random number, at least time() but stronger is better */
        extern void stbds_rand_seed(size_t seed);

        /* these are the hash functions used internally if you want to test them or use them for other purposes */
        extern size_t stbds_hash_bytes(void *p, size_t len, size_t seed);
        extern size_t stbds_hash_string(char *str, size_t seed);

        /* this is a simple string arena allocator, initialize with e.g. 'stbds_string_arena my_arena={0}'. */
        typedef struct stbds_string_arena stbds_string_arena;
        extern char * stbds_stralloc(stbds_string_arena *a, char *str);
        extern void   stbds_strreset(stbds_string_arena *a);

        /* have to #define STBDS_UNIT_TESTS to call this */
        extern void stbds_unit_tests(void);

        /*
           Everything below here is implementation details
           */

        extern void * stbds_arrgrowf(void *a, size_t elemsize, size_t addlen, size_t min_cap);
        extern void   stbds_arrfreef(void *a);
        extern void   stbds_hmfree_func(void *p, size_t elemsize);
        extern void * stbds_hmget_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode);
        extern void * stbds_hmget_key_ts(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, ptrdiff_t *temp, int mode);
        extern void * stbds_hmput_default(void *a, size_t elemsize);
        extern void * stbds_hmput_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode);
        extern void * stbds_hmdel_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, size_t keyoffset, int mode);
        extern void * stbds_shmode_func(size_t elemsize, int mode);

#ifdef __cplusplus
    }
#endif

#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#define STBDS_HAS_TYPEOF
#ifdef __cplusplus
/*#define STBDS_HAS_LITERAL_ARRAY  */ /* this is currently broken for clang */
#endif
#endif

#if !defined(__cplusplus)
#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
#define STBDS_HAS_LITERAL_ARRAY
#endif
#endif

/* this macro takes the address of the argument, but on gcc/clang can accept rvalues */
#if defined(STBDS_HAS_LITERAL_ARRAY) && defined(STBDS_HAS_TYPEOF)
#if __clang__
#define STBDS_ADDRESSOF(typevar, value)     ((__typeof__(typevar)[1]){value}) /* literal array decays to pointer to value */
#else
#define STBDS_ADDRESSOF(typevar, value)     ((typeof(typevar)[1]){value}) /* literal array decays to pointer to value */
#endif
#else
#define STBDS_ADDRESSOF(typevar, value)     &(value)
#endif

#define STBDS_OFFSETOF(var,field)           ((char *) &(var)->field - (char *) (var))

#define stbds_header(t)  ((stbds_array_header *) (t) - 1)
#define stbds_temp(t)    stbds_header(t)->temp
#define stbds_temp_key(t) (*(char **) stbds_header(t)->hash_table)

#define stbds_arrsetcap(a,n)   (stbds_arrgrow(a,0,n))
#define stbds_arrsetlen(a,n)   ((stbds_arrcap(a) < (size_t) (n) ? stbds_arrsetcap((a),(size_t)(n)),0 : 0), (a) ? stbds_header(a)->length = (size_t) (n) : 0)
#define stbds_arrcap(a)        ((a) ? stbds_header(a)->capacity : 0)
#define stbds_arrlen(a)        ((a) ? (ptrdiff_t) stbds_header(a)->length : 0)
#define stbds_arrlenu(a)       ((a) ?             stbds_header(a)->length : 0)
#define stbds_arrput(a,v)      (stbds_arrmaybegrow(a,1), (a)[stbds_header(a)->length++] = (v))
#define stbds_arrpush          stbds_arrput  /* synonym */
#define stbds_arrpop(a)        (stbds_header(a)->length--, (a)[stbds_header(a)->length])
#define stbds_arraddn(a,n)     ((void)(stbds_arraddnindex(a, n)))    /* deprecated, use one of the following instead: */
#define stbds_arraddnptr(a,n)  (stbds_arrmaybegrow(a,n), (n) ? (stbds_header(a)->length += (n), &(a)[stbds_header(a)->length-(n)]) : (a))
#define stbds_arraddnindex(a,n)(stbds_arrmaybegrow(a,n), (n) ? (stbds_header(a)->length += (n), stbds_header(a)->length-(n)) : stbds_arrlen(a))
#define stbds_arraddnoff       stbds_arraddnindex
#define stbds_arrlast(a)       ((a)[stbds_header(a)->length-1])
#define stbds_arrfree(a)       ((void) ((a) ? STBDS_FREE(NULL,stbds_header(a)) : (void)0), (a)=NULL)
#define stbds_arrdel(a,i)      stbds_arrdeln(a,i,1)
#define stbds_arrdeln(a,i,n)   (memmove(&(a)[i], &(a)[(i)+(n)], sizeof *(a) * (stbds_header(a)->length-(n)-(i))), stbds_header(a)->length -= (n))
#define stbds_arrdelswap(a,i)  ((a)[i] = stbds_arrlast(a), stbds_header(a)->length -= 1)
#define stbds_arrinsn(a,i,n)   (stbds_arraddn((a),(n)), memmove(&(a)[(i)+(n)], &(a)[i], sizeof *(a) * (stbds_header(a)->length-(n)-(i))))
#define stbds_arrins(a,i,v)    (stbds_arrinsn((a),(i),1), (a)[i]=(v))

#define stbds_arrmaybegrow(a,n)  ((!(a) || stbds_header(a)->length + (n) > stbds_header(a)->capacity) \
        ? (stbds_arrgrow(a,n,0),0) : 0)

#define stbds_arrgrow(a,b,c)   ((a) = stbds_arrgrowf_wrapper((a), sizeof *(a), (b), (c)))

#define stbds_hmput(t, k, v) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) STBDS_ADDRESSOF((t)->key, (k)), sizeof (t)->key, 0),   \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)].key = (k),    \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)].value = (v))

#define stbds_hmputs(t, s) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), &(s).key, sizeof (s).key, STBDS_HM_BINARY), \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)] = (s))

#define stbds_hmgeti(t,k) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmget_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) STBDS_ADDRESSOF((t)->key, (k)), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_HM_BINARY), \
     stbds_temp((t)-1))

#define stbds_hmgeti_ts(t,k,temp) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmget_key_ts_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) STBDS_ADDRESSOF((t)->key, (k)), sizeof (t)->key, &(temp), STBDS_HM_BINARY), \
     (temp))

#define stbds_hmgetp(t, k) \
    ((void) stbds_hmgeti(t,k), &(t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)])

#define stbds_hmgetp_ts(t, k, temp) \
    ((void) stbds_hmgeti_ts(t,k,temp), &(t)[temp])

#define stbds_hmdel(t,k) \
    (((t) = stbds_hmdel_key_wrapper((t),sizeof *(t), (void*) STBDS_ADDRESSOF((t)->key, (k)), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_OFFSETOF((t),key), STBDS_HM_BINARY)),(t)?stbds_temp((t)-1):0)

#define stbds_hmdefault(t, v) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_default_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t)), (t)[-1].value = (v))

#define stbds_hmdefaults(t, s) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_default_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t)), (t)[-1] = (s))

#define stbds_hmfree(p)        \
    ((void) ((p) != NULL ? stbds_hmfree_func((p)-1,sizeof*(p)),0 : 0),(p)=NULL)

#define stbds_hmgets(t, k)    (*stbds_hmgetp(t,k))
#define stbds_hmget(t, k)     (stbds_hmgetp(t,k)->value)
#define stbds_hmget_ts(t, k, temp)  (stbds_hmgetp_ts(t,k,temp)->value)
#define stbds_hmlen(t)        ((t) ? (ptrdiff_t) stbds_header((t)-1)->length-1 : 0)
#define stbds_hmlenu(t)       ((t) ?             stbds_header((t)-1)->length-1 : 0)
#define stbds_hmgetp_null(t,k)  (stbds_hmgeti(t,k) == -1 ? NULL : &(t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)])

#define stbds_shput(t, k, v) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_HM_STRING),   \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)].value = (v))

#define stbds_shputi(t, k, v) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_HM_STRING),   \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)].value = (v), stbds_temp((t)-1))

#define stbds_shputs(t, s) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (s).key, sizeof (s).key, STBDS_HM_STRING), \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)] = (s), \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)].key = stbds_temp_key((t)-1)) /* above line overwrites whole structure, so must rewrite key here if it was allocated internally */

#define stbds_pshput(t, p) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmput_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (p)->key, sizeof (p)->key, STBDS_HM_PTR_TO_STRING), \
     (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)] = (p))

#define stbds_shgeti(t,k) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmget_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_HM_STRING), \
     stbds_temp((t)-1))

#define stbds_pshgeti(t,k) \
    ((t) = stbds_hmget_key_wrapper((t), sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (*(t))->key, STBDS_HM_PTR_TO_STRING), \
     stbds_temp((t)-1))

#define stbds_shgetp(t, k) \
    ((void) stbds_shgeti(t,k), &(t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)])

#define stbds_pshget(t, k) \
    ((void) stbds_pshgeti(t,k), (t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)])

#define stbds_shdel(t,k) \
    (((t) = stbds_hmdel_key_wrapper((t),sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (t)->key, STBDS_OFFSETOF((t),key), STBDS_HM_STRING)),(t)?stbds_temp((t)-1):0)
#define stbds_pshdel(t,k) \
    (((t) = stbds_hmdel_key_wrapper((t),sizeof *(t), (void*) (k), sizeof (*(t))->key, STBDS_OFFSETOF(*(t),key), STBDS_HM_PTR_TO_STRING)),(t)?stbds_temp((t)-1):0)

#define stbds_sh_new_arena(t)  \
    ((t) = stbds_shmode_func_wrapper(t, sizeof *(t), STBDS_SH_ARENA))
#define stbds_sh_new_strdup(t) \
    ((t) = stbds_shmode_func_wrapper(t, sizeof *(t), STBDS_SH_STRDUP))

#define stbds_shdefault(t, v)  stbds_hmdefault(t,v)
#define stbds_shdefaults(t, s) stbds_hmdefaults(t,s)

#define stbds_shfree       stbds_hmfree
#define stbds_shlenu       stbds_hmlenu

#define stbds_shgets(t, k) (*stbds_shgetp(t,k))
#define stbds_shget(t, k)  (stbds_shgetp(t,k)->value)
#define stbds_shgetp_null(t,k)  (stbds_shgeti(t,k) == -1 ? NULL : &(t)[stbds_temp((t)-1)])
#define stbds_shlen        stbds_hmlen

typedef struct
{
    size_t      length;
    size_t      capacity;
    void      * hash_table;
    ptrdiff_t   temp;
} stbds_array_header;

typedef struct stbds_string_block
{
    struct stbds_string_block *next;
    char storage[8];
} stbds_string_block;

struct stbds_string_arena
{
    stbds_string_block *storage;
    size_t remaining;
    unsigned char block;
    unsigned char mode;  /* this isn't used by the string arena itself */
};

#define STBDS_HM_BINARY         0
#define STBDS_HM_STRING         1

enum
{
    STBDS_SH_NONE,
    STBDS_SH_DEFAULT,
    STBDS_SH_STRDUP,
    STBDS_SH_ARENA
};

#ifdef __cplusplus
/* in C we use implicit assignment from these void*-returning functions to T*. */
/* in C++ these templates make the same code work */
template<class T> static T * stbds_arrgrowf_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize, size_t addlen, size_t min_cap) {
    return (T*)stbds_arrgrowf((void *)a, elemsize, addlen, min_cap);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_hmget_key_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode) {
    return (T*)stbds_hmget_key((void*)a, elemsize, key, keysize, mode);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_hmget_key_ts_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, ptrdiff_t *temp, int mode) {
    return (T*)stbds_hmget_key_ts((void*)a, elemsize, key, keysize, temp, mode);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_hmput_default_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize) {
    return (T*)stbds_hmput_default((void *)a, elemsize);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_hmput_key_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode) {
    return (T*)stbds_hmput_key((void*)a, elemsize, key, keysize, mode);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_hmdel_key_wrapper(T *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, size_t keyoffset, int mode){
    return (T*)stbds_hmdel_key((void*)a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode);
}
template<class T> static T * stbds_shmode_func_wrapper(T *, size_t elemsize, int mode) {
    return (T*)stbds_shmode_func(elemsize, mode);
}
#else
#define stbds_arrgrowf_wrapper            stbds_arrgrowf
#define stbds_hmget_key_wrapper           stbds_hmget_key
#define stbds_hmget_key_ts_wrapper        stbds_hmget_key_ts
#define stbds_hmput_default_wrapper       stbds_hmput_default
#define stbds_hmput_key_wrapper           stbds_hmput_key
#define stbds_hmdel_key_wrapper           stbds_hmdel_key
#define stbds_shmode_func_wrapper(t,e,m)  stbds_shmode_func(e,m)
#endif

#endif /* INCLUDE_STB_DS_H */


/* **************************************************************** */
/*
   IMPLEMENTATION
   */

#ifdef STB_DS_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef STBDS_ASSERT
#define STBDS_ASSERT_WAS_UNDEFINED
#define STBDS_ASSERT(x)   ((void) 0)
#endif

#ifdef STBDS_STATISTICS
#define STBDS_STATS(x)   x
size_t stbds_array_grow;
size_t stbds_hash_grow;
size_t stbds_hash_shrink;
size_t stbds_hash_rebuild;
size_t stbds_hash_probes;
size_t stbds_hash_alloc;
size_t stbds_rehash_probes;
size_t stbds_rehash_items;
#else
#define STBDS_STATS(x)
#endif

/*
   stbds_arr implementation
   */

/* int *prev_allocs[65536]; */
/* int num_prev; */

void *stbds_arrgrowf(void *a, size_t elemsize, size_t addlen, size_t min_cap)
{
    stbds_array_header temp={0}; /* force debugging */
    void *b;
    size_t min_len = stbds_arrlen(a) + addlen;
    (void) sizeof(temp);

    /* compute the minimum capacity needed */
    if (min_len > min_cap)
        min_cap = min_len;

    if (min_cap <= stbds_arrcap(a))
        return a;

    /* increase needed capacity to guarantee O(1) amortized */
    if (min_cap < 2 * stbds_arrcap(a))
        min_cap = 2 * stbds_arrcap(a);
    else if (min_cap < 4)
        min_cap = 4;

    /*if (num_prev < 65536) if (a) prev_allocs[num_prev++] = (int *) ((char *) a+1); */
    /* if (num_prev == 2201) */
    /*  num_prev = num_prev; */
    b = STBDS_REALLOC(NULL, (a) ? stbds_header(a) : 0, elemsize * min_cap + sizeof(stbds_array_header));
    /* if (num_prev < 65536) prev_allocs[num_prev++] = (int *) (char *) b; */
    b = (char *) b + sizeof(stbds_array_header);
    if (a == NULL) {
        stbds_header(b)->length = 0;
        stbds_header(b)->hash_table = 0;
        stbds_header(b)->temp = 0;
    } else {
        STBDS_STATS(++stbds_array_grow);
    }
    stbds_header(b)->capacity = min_cap;

    return b;
}

void stbds_arrfreef(void *a)
{
    STBDS_FREE(NULL, stbds_header(a));
}

/*
 * stbds_hm hash table implementation
 */

#ifdef STBDS_INTERNAL_SMALL_BUCKET
#define STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH      4
#else
#define STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH      8
#endif

#define STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT      (STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH == 8 ? 3 : 2)
#define STBDS_BUCKET_MASK       (STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH-1)
#define STBDS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE   64

#define STBDS_ALIGN_FWD(n,a)   (((n) + (a) - 1) & ~((a)-1))

typedef struct
{
    size_t    hash [STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH];
    ptrdiff_t index[STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH];
} stbds_hash_bucket; /* in 32-bit, this is one 64-byte cache line; in 64-bit, each array is one 64-byte cache line */

typedef struct
{
    char * temp_key; /* this MUST be the first field of the hash table */
    size_t slot_count;
    size_t used_count;
    size_t used_count_threshold;
    size_t used_count_shrink_threshold;
    size_t tombstone_count;
    size_t tombstone_count_threshold;
    size_t seed;
    size_t slot_count_log2;
    stbds_string_arena string;
    stbds_hash_bucket *storage; /* not a separate allocation, just 64-byte aligned storage after this struct */
} stbds_hash_index;

#define STBDS_INDEX_EMPTY    -1
#define STBDS_INDEX_DELETED  -2
#define STBDS_INDEX_IN_USE(x)  ((x) >= 0)

#define STBDS_HASH_EMPTY      0
#define STBDS_HASH_DELETED    1

static size_t stbds_hash_seed=0x31415926;

void stbds_rand_seed(size_t seed)
{
    stbds_hash_seed = seed;
}

#define stbds_load_32_or_64(var, temp, v32, v64_hi, v64_lo)                                          \
    temp = v64_lo ^ v32, temp <<= 16, temp <<= 16, temp >>= 16, temp >>= 16, /* discard if 32-bit */   \
    var = v64_hi, var <<= 16, var <<= 16,                                    /* discard if 32-bit */   \
    var ^= temp ^ v32

#define STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS           ((sizeof (size_t)) * 8)

static size_t stbds_probe_position(size_t hash, size_t slot_count, size_t slot_log2)
{
    size_t pos;
    STBDS_NOTUSED(slot_log2);
    pos = hash & (slot_count-1);
#ifdef STBDS_INTERNAL_BUCKET_START
    pos &= ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
#endif
    return pos;
}

static size_t stbds_log2(size_t slot_count)
{
    size_t n=0;
    while (slot_count > 1) {
        slot_count >>= 1;
        ++n;
    }
    return n;
}

static stbds_hash_index *stbds_make_hash_index(size_t slot_count, stbds_hash_index *ot)
{
    stbds_hash_index *t;
    t = (stbds_hash_index *) STBDS_REALLOC(NULL,0,(slot_count >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT) * sizeof(stbds_hash_bucket) + sizeof(stbds_hash_index) + STBDS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE-1);
    t->storage = (stbds_hash_bucket *) STBDS_ALIGN_FWD((size_t) (t+1), STBDS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
    t->slot_count = slot_count;
    t->slot_count_log2 = stbds_log2(slot_count);
    t->tombstone_count = 0;
    t->used_count = 0;

#if 0 /* A1 */
    t->used_count_threshold        = slot_count*12/16; /* if 12/16th of table is occupied, grow */
    t->tombstone_count_threshold   = slot_count* 2/16; /* if tombstones are 2/16th of table, rebuild */
    t->used_count_shrink_threshold = slot_count* 4/16; /* if table is only 4/16th full, shrink */
#elif 1 /* A2 */
    /* t->used_count_threshold        = slot_count*12/16; */ /* if 12/16th of table is occupied, grow */
    /* t->tombstone_count_threshold   = slot_count* 3/16; */ /*  if tombstones are 3/16th of table, rebuild */
    /* t->used_count_shrink_threshold = slot_count* 4/16; */ /* if table is only 4/16th full, shrink */

    /* compute without overflowing */
    t->used_count_threshold        = slot_count - (slot_count>>2);
    t->tombstone_count_threshold   = (slot_count>>3) + (slot_count>>4);
    t->used_count_shrink_threshold = slot_count >> 2;

#elif 0 /* B1 */
    t->used_count_threshold        = slot_count*13/16; /* if 13/16th of table is occupied, grow */
    t->tombstone_count_threshold   = slot_count* 2/16; /* if tombstones are 2/16th of table, rebuild */
    t->used_count_shrink_threshold = slot_count* 5/16; /* if table is only 5/16th full, shrink */
#else /* C1 */
    t->used_count_threshold        = slot_count*14/16; /* if 14/16th of table is occupied, grow */
    t->tombstone_count_threshold   = slot_count* 2/16; /* if tombstones are 2/16th of table, rebuild */
    t->used_count_shrink_threshold = slot_count* 6/16; */ if table is only 6/16th full, shrink */
#endif
        /* Following statistics were measured on a Core i7-6700 @ 4.00Ghz, compiled with clang 7.0.1 -O2 */
        /* Note that the larger tables have high variance as they were run fewer times */
        /*
           A1            A2          B1           C1
           0.10ms :     0.10ms :     0.10ms :     0.11ms :      2,000 inserts creating 2K table
           0.96ms :     0.95ms :     0.97ms :     1.04ms :     20,000 inserts creating 20K table
           14.48ms :    14.46ms :    10.63ms :    11.00ms :    200,000 inserts creating 200K table
           195.74ms :   196.35ms :   203.69ms :   214.92ms :  2,000,000 inserts creating 2M table
           2193.88ms :  2209.22ms :  2285.54ms :  2437.17ms : 20,000,000 inserts creating 20M table
           65.27ms :    53.77ms :    65.33ms :    65.47ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 2K table
           72.78ms :    62.45ms :    71.95ms :    72.85ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 20K table
           89.47ms :    77.72ms :    96.49ms :    96.75ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 200K table
           97.58ms :    98.14ms :    97.18ms :    97.53ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 2M table
           118.61ms :   119.62ms :   120.16ms :   118.86ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 20M table
           192.11ms :   194.39ms :   196.38ms :   195.73ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 200M table
           */

        if (slot_count <= STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH)
            t->used_count_shrink_threshold = 0;
    /* to avoid infinite loop, we need to guarantee that at least one slot is empty and will terminate probes */
    STBDS_ASSERT(t->used_count_threshold + t->tombstone_count_threshold < t->slot_count);
    STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_alloc);
    if (ot) {
        t->string = ot->string;
        /* reuse old seed so we can reuse old hashes so below "copy out old data" doesn't do any hashing */
        t->seed = ot->seed;
    } else {
        size_t a,b,temp;
        memset(&t->string, 0, sizeof(t->string));
        t->seed = stbds_hash_seed;
        /* LCG
           in 32-bit, a =          2147001325   b =  715136305
           in 64-bit, a = 2862933555777941757   b = 3037000493
           */
        stbds_load_32_or_64(a,temp, 2147001325, 0x27bb2ee6, 0x87b0b0fd);
        stbds_load_32_or_64(b,temp,  715136305,          0, 0xb504f32d);
        stbds_hash_seed = stbds_hash_seed  * a + b;
    }

    {
        size_t i,j;
        for (i=0; i < slot_count >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT; ++i) {
            stbds_hash_bucket *b = &t->storage[i];
            for (j=0; j < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++j)
                b->hash[j] = STBDS_HASH_EMPTY;
            for (j=0; j < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++j)
                b->index[j] = STBDS_INDEX_EMPTY;
        }
    }

    /* copy out the old data, if any */
    if (ot) {
        size_t i,j;
        t->used_count = ot->used_count;
        for (i=0; i < ot->slot_count >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT; ++i) {
            stbds_hash_bucket *ob = &ot->storage[i];
            for (j=0; j < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++j) {
                if (STBDS_INDEX_IN_USE(ob->index[j])) {
                    size_t hash = ob->hash[j];
                    size_t pos = stbds_probe_position(hash, t->slot_count, t->slot_count_log2);
                    size_t step = STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
                    STBDS_STATS(++stbds_rehash_items);
                    for (;;) {
                        size_t limit,z;
                        stbds_hash_bucket *bucket;
                        bucket = &t->storage[pos >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];
                        STBDS_STATS(++stbds_rehash_probes);

                        for (z=pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK; z < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++z) {
                            if (bucket->hash[z] == 0) {
                                bucket->hash[z] = hash;
                                bucket->index[z] = ob->index[j];
                                goto done;
                            }
                        }

                        limit = pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
                        for (z = 0; z < limit; ++z) {
                            if (bucket->hash[z] == 0) {
                                bucket->hash[z] = hash;
                                bucket->index[z] = ob->index[j];
                                goto done;
                            }
                        }

                        pos += step;                  /* quadratic probing */
                        step += STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
                        pos &= (t->slot_count-1);
                    }
                }
done:
                ;
            }
        }
    }

    return t;
}

#define STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(val, n)   (((val) << (n)) | ((val) >> (STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS - (n))))
#define STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(val, n)  (((val) >> (n)) | ((val) << (STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS - (n))))

size_t stbds_hash_string(char *str, size_t seed)
{
    size_t hash = seed;
    while (*str)
        hash = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(hash, 9) + (unsigned char) *str++;

    /* Thomas Wang 64-to-32 bit mix function, hopefully also works in 32 bits */
    hash ^= seed;
    hash = (~hash) + (hash << 18);
    hash ^= hash ^ STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,31);
    hash = hash * 21;
    hash ^= hash ^ STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,11);
    hash += (hash << 6);
    hash ^= STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,22);
    return hash+seed;
}

#ifdef STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4
#define STBDS_SIPHASH_C_ROUNDS 2
#define STBDS_SIPHASH_D_ROUNDS 4
typedef int STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4_can_only_be_used_in_64_bit_builds[sizeof(size_t) == 8 ? 1 : -1];
#endif

#ifndef STBDS_SIPHASH_C_ROUNDS
#define STBDS_SIPHASH_C_ROUNDS 1
#endif
#ifndef STBDS_SIPHASH_D_ROUNDS
#define STBDS_SIPHASH_D_ROUNDS 1
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable:4127) /* conditional expression is constant, for do..while(0) and sizeof()== */
#endif

static size_t stbds_siphash_bytes(void *p, size_t len, size_t seed)
{
    unsigned char *d = (unsigned char *) p;
    size_t i,j;
    size_t v0,v1,v2,v3, data;

    /* hash that works on 32- or 64-bit registers without knowing which we have
       (computes different results on 32-bit and 64-bit platform)
       derived from siphash, but on 32-bit platforms very different as it uses 4 32-bit state not 4 64-bit
       */
    v0 = ((((size_t) 0x736f6d65 << 16) << 16) + 0x70736575) ^  seed;
    v1 = ((((size_t) 0x646f7261 << 16) << 16) + 0x6e646f6d) ^ ~seed;
    v2 = ((((size_t) 0x6c796765 << 16) << 16) + 0x6e657261) ^  seed;
    v3 = ((((size_t) 0x74656462 << 16) << 16) + 0x79746573) ^ ~seed;

#ifdef STBDS_TEST_SIPHASH_2_4
    /* hardcoded with key material in the siphash test vectors */
    v0 ^= 0x0706050403020100ull ^  seed;
    v1 ^= 0x0f0e0d0c0b0a0908ull ^ ~seed;
    v2 ^= 0x0706050403020100ull ^  seed;
    v3 ^= 0x0f0e0d0c0b0a0908ull ^ ~seed;
#endif

#define STBDS_SIPROUND() \
    do {                   \
        v0 += v1; v1 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v1, 13);  v1 ^= v0; v0 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v0,STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS/2); \
        v2 += v3; v3 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v3, 16);  v3 ^= v2;                                                 \
        v2 += v1; v1 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v1, 17);  v1 ^= v2; v2 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v2,STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS/2); \
        v0 += v3; v3 = STBDS_ROTATE_LEFT(v3, 21);  v3 ^= v0;                                                 \
    } while (0)

    for (i=0; i+sizeof(size_t) <= len; i += sizeof(size_t), d += sizeof(size_t)) {
        data = d[0] | (d[1] << 8) | (d[2] << 16) | (d[3] << 24);
        data |= (size_t) (d[4] | (d[5] << 8) | (d[6] << 16) | (d[7] << 24)) << 16 << 16; /* discarded if size_t == 4 */

        v3 ^= data;
        for (j=0; j < STBDS_SIPHASH_C_ROUNDS; ++j)
            STBDS_SIPROUND();
        v0 ^= data;
    }
    data = len << (STBDS_SIZE_T_BITS-8);
    switch (len - i) {
        case 7: data |= ((size_t) d[6] << 24) << 24; /* fall through */
        case 6: data |= ((size_t) d[5] << 20) << 20; /* fall through */
        case 5: data |= ((size_t) d[4] << 16) << 16; /* fall through */
        case 4: data |= (d[3] << 24); /* fall through */
        case 3: data |= (d[2] << 16); /* fall through */
        case 2: data |= (d[1] << 8); /* fall through */
        case 1: data |= d[0]; /* fall through */
        case 0: break;
    }
    v3 ^= data;
    for (j=0; j < STBDS_SIPHASH_C_ROUNDS; ++j)
        STBDS_SIPROUND();
    v0 ^= data;
    v2 ^= 0xff;
    for (j=0; j < STBDS_SIPHASH_D_ROUNDS; ++j)
        STBDS_SIPROUND();

#ifdef STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4
    return v0^v1^v2^v3;
#else
    return v1^v2^v3; /* slightly stronger since v0^v3 in above cancels out final round operation? I tweeted at the authors of SipHash about this but they didn't reply */
#endif
}

size_t stbds_hash_bytes(void *p, size_t len, size_t seed)
{
#ifdef STBDS_SIPHASH_2_4
    return stbds_siphash_bytes(p,len,seed);
#else
    unsigned char *d = (unsigned char *) p;

    if (len == 4) {
        unsigned int hash = d[0] | (d[1] << 8) | (d[2] << 16) | (d[3] << 24);
#if 0
        /* HASH32-A  Bob Jenkin's hash function w/o large constants */
        hash ^= seed;
        hash -= (hash<<6);
        hash ^= (hash>>17);
        hash -= (hash<<9);
        hash ^= seed;
        hash ^= (hash<<4);
        hash -= (hash<<3);
        hash ^= (hash<<10);
        hash ^= (hash>>15);
#elif 1
        /* HASH32-BB  Bob Jenkin's presumably-accidental version of Thomas Wang hash with rotates turned into shifts.
           Note that converting these back to rotates makes it run a lot slower, presumably due to collisions, so I'm
           not really sure what's going on.
           */
        hash ^= seed;
        hash = (hash ^ 61) ^ (hash >> 16);
        hash = hash + (hash << 3);
        hash = hash ^ (hash >> 4);
        hash = hash * 0x27d4eb2d;
        hash ^= seed;
        hash = hash ^ (hash >> 15);
#else  /* HASH32-C   -  Murmur3 */
        hash ^= seed;
        hash *= 0xcc9e2d51;
        hash = (hash << 17) | (hash >> 15);
        hash *= 0x1b873593;
        hash ^= seed;
        hash = (hash << 19) | (hash >> 13);
        hash = hash*5 + 0xe6546b64;
        hash ^= hash >> 16;
        hash *= 0x85ebca6b;
        hash ^= seed;
        hash ^= hash >> 13;
        hash *= 0xc2b2ae35;
        hash ^= hash >> 16;
#endif
        /* Following statistics were measured on a Core i7-6700 @ 4.00Ghz, compiled with clang 7.0.1 -O2
           Note that the larger tables have high variance as they were run fewer times
           HASH32-A     HASH32-BB    HASH32-C
           0.10ms       0.10ms       0.10ms :      2,000 inserts creating 2K table
           0.96ms       0.95ms       0.99ms :     20,000 inserts creating 20K table
           14.69ms      14.43ms      14.97ms :    200,000 inserts creating 200K table
           199.99ms     195.36ms     202.05ms :  2,000,000 inserts creating 2M table
           2234.84ms    2187.74ms    2240.38ms : 20,000,000 inserts creating 20M table
           55.68ms      53.72ms      57.31ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 2K table
           63.43ms      61.99ms      65.73ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 20K table
           80.04ms      77.96ms      81.83ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 200K table
           100.42ms      97.40ms     102.39ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 2M table
           119.71ms     120.59ms     121.63ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 20M table
           185.28ms     195.15ms     187.74ms : 500,000 inserts & deletes in 200M table
           15.58ms      14.79ms      15.52ms : 200,000 inserts creating 200K table with varying key spacing
           */

        return (((size_t) hash << 16 << 16) | hash) ^ seed;
    } else if (len == 8 && sizeof(size_t) == 8) {
        size_t hash = d[0] | (d[1] << 8) | (d[2] << 16) | (d[3] << 24);
        hash |= (size_t) (d[4] | (d[5] << 8) | (d[6] << 16) | (d[7] << 24)) << 16 << 16; /* avoid warning if size_t == 4 */
        hash ^= seed;
        hash = (~hash) + (hash << 21);
        hash ^= STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,24);
        hash *= 265;
        hash ^= STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,14);
        hash ^= seed;
        hash *= 21;
        hash ^= STBDS_ROTATE_RIGHT(hash,28);
        hash += (hash << 31);
        hash = (~hash) + (hash << 18);
        return hash;
    } else {
        return stbds_siphash_bytes(p,len,seed);
    }
#endif
}
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif


static int stbds_is_key_equal(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, size_t keyoffset, int mode, size_t i)
{
    if (mode >= STBDS_HM_STRING)
        return 0==strcmp((char *) key, * (char **) ((char *) a + elemsize*i + keyoffset));
    else
        return 0==memcmp(key, (char *) a + elemsize*i + keyoffset, keysize);
}

#define STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(x,elemsize) ((char*) (x) - (elemsize))
#define STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(x,elemsize) ((char*) (x) + (elemsize))

#define stbds_hash_table(a)  ((stbds_hash_index *) stbds_header(a)->hash_table)

void stbds_hmfree_func(void *a, size_t elemsize)
{
    if (a == NULL) return;
    if (stbds_hash_table(a) != NULL) {
        if (stbds_hash_table(a)->string.mode == STBDS_SH_STRDUP) {
            size_t i;
            /* skip 0th element, which is default */
            for (i=1; i < stbds_header(a)->length; ++i)
                STBDS_FREE(NULL, *(char**) ((char *) a + elemsize*i));
        }
        stbds_strreset(&stbds_hash_table(a)->string);
    }
    STBDS_FREE(NULL, stbds_header(a)->hash_table);
    STBDS_FREE(NULL, stbds_header(a));
}

static ptrdiff_t stbds_hm_find_slot(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, size_t keyoffset, int mode)
{
    void *raw_a = STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize);
    stbds_hash_index *table = stbds_hash_table(raw_a);
    size_t hash = mode >= STBDS_HM_STRING ? stbds_hash_string((char*)key,table->seed) : stbds_hash_bytes(key, keysize,table->seed);
    size_t step = STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
    size_t limit,i;
    size_t pos;
    stbds_hash_bucket *bucket;

    if (hash < 2) hash += 2; /* stored hash values are forbidden from being 0, so we can detect empty slots */

    pos = stbds_probe_position(hash, table->slot_count, table->slot_count_log2);

    for (;;) {
        STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_probes);
        bucket = &table->storage[pos >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];

        /* start searching from pos to end of bucket, this should help performance on small hash tables that fit in cache */
        for (i=pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK; i < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++i) {
            if (bucket->hash[i] == hash) {
                if (stbds_is_key_equal(a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode, bucket->index[i])) {
                    return (pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK)+i;
                }
            } else if (bucket->hash[i] == STBDS_HASH_EMPTY) {
                return -1;
            }
        }

        /* search from beginning of bucket to pos */
        limit = pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
        for (i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
            if (bucket->hash[i] == hash) {
                if (stbds_is_key_equal(a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode, bucket->index[i])) {
                    return (pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK)+i;
                }
            } else if (bucket->hash[i] == STBDS_HASH_EMPTY) {
                return -1;
            }
        }

        /* quadratic probing */
        pos += step;
        step += STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
        pos &= (table->slot_count-1);
    }
    /* NOTREACHED */
}

void * stbds_hmget_key_ts(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, ptrdiff_t *temp, int mode)
{
    size_t keyoffset = 0;
    if (a == NULL) {
        /* make it non-empty so we can return a temp */
        a = stbds_arrgrowf(0, elemsize, 0, 1);
        stbds_header(a)->length += 1;
        memset(a, 0, elemsize);
        *temp = STBDS_INDEX_EMPTY;
        /* adjust a to point after the default element */
        return STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
    } else {
        stbds_hash_index *table;
        void *raw_a = STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize);
        /* adjust a to point to the default element */
        table = (stbds_hash_index *) stbds_header(raw_a)->hash_table;
        if (table == 0) {
            *temp = -1;
        } else {
            ptrdiff_t slot = stbds_hm_find_slot(a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode);
            if (slot < 0) {
                *temp = STBDS_INDEX_EMPTY;
            } else {
                stbds_hash_bucket *b = &table->storage[slot >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];
                *temp = b->index[slot & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK];
            }
        }
        return a;
    }
}

void * stbds_hmget_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode)
{
    ptrdiff_t temp;
    void *p = stbds_hmget_key_ts(a, elemsize, key, keysize, &temp, mode);
    stbds_temp(STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(p,elemsize)) = temp;
    return p;
}

void * stbds_hmput_default(void *a, size_t elemsize)
{
    /* three cases:
     *   a is NULL <- allocate
     *   a has a hash table but no entries, because of shmode <- grow
     *   a has entries <- do nothing
     */
    if (a == NULL || stbds_header(STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize))->length == 0) {
        a = stbds_arrgrowf(a ? STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize) : NULL, elemsize, 0, 1);
        stbds_header(a)->length += 1;
        memset(a, 0, elemsize);
        a=STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
    }
    return a;
}

static char *stbds_strdup(char *str);

void *stbds_hmput_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, int mode)
{
    size_t keyoffset=0;
    void *raw_a;
    stbds_hash_index *table;

    if (a == NULL) {
        a = stbds_arrgrowf(0, elemsize, 0, 1);
        memset(a, 0, elemsize);
        stbds_header(a)->length += 1;
        /* adjust a to point AFTER the default element */
        a = STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
    }

    /* adjust a to point to the default element */
    raw_a = a;
    a = STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize);

    table = (stbds_hash_index *) stbds_header(a)->hash_table;

    if (table == NULL || table->used_count >= table->used_count_threshold) {
        stbds_hash_index *nt;
        size_t slot_count;

        slot_count = (table == NULL) ? STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH : table->slot_count*2;
        nt = stbds_make_hash_index(slot_count, table);
        if (table)
            STBDS_FREE(NULL, table);
        else
            nt->string.mode = mode >= STBDS_HM_STRING ? STBDS_SH_DEFAULT : 0;
        stbds_header(a)->hash_table = table = nt;
        STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_grow);
    }

    /* we iterate hash table explicitly because we want to track if we saw a tombstone */
    {
        size_t hash = mode >= STBDS_HM_STRING ? stbds_hash_string((char*)key,table->seed) : stbds_hash_bytes(key, keysize,table->seed);
        size_t step = STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
        size_t pos;
        ptrdiff_t tombstone = -1;
        stbds_hash_bucket *bucket;

        /* stored hash values are forbidden from being 0, so we can detect empty slots to early out quickly */
        if (hash < 2) hash += 2;

        pos = stbds_probe_position(hash, table->slot_count, table->slot_count_log2);

        for (;;) {
            size_t limit, i;
            STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_probes);
            bucket = &table->storage[pos >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];

            /* start searching from pos to end of bucket */
            for (i=pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK; i < STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH; ++i) {
                if (bucket->hash[i] == hash) {
                    if (stbds_is_key_equal(raw_a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode, bucket->index[i])) {
                        stbds_temp(a) = bucket->index[i];
                        if (mode >= STBDS_HM_STRING)
                            stbds_temp_key(a) = * (char **) ((char *) raw_a + elemsize*bucket->index[i] + keyoffset);
                        return STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
                    }
                } else if (bucket->hash[i] == 0) {
                    pos = (pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK) + i;
                    goto found_empty_slot;
                } else if (tombstone < 0) {
                    if (bucket->index[i] == STBDS_INDEX_DELETED)
                        tombstone = (ptrdiff_t) ((pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK) + i);
                }
            }

            /* search from beginning of bucket to pos */
            limit = pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
            for (i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
                if (bucket->hash[i] == hash) {
                    if (stbds_is_key_equal(raw_a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode, bucket->index[i])) {
                        stbds_temp(a) = bucket->index[i];
                        return STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
                    }
                } else if (bucket->hash[i] == 0) {
                    pos = (pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK) + i;
                    goto found_empty_slot;
                } else if (tombstone < 0) {
                    if (bucket->index[i] == STBDS_INDEX_DELETED)
                        tombstone = (ptrdiff_t) ((pos & ~STBDS_BUCKET_MASK) + i);
                }
            }

            /* quadratic probing */
            pos += step;
            step += STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH;
            pos &= (table->slot_count-1);
        }
found_empty_slot:
        if (tombstone >= 0) {
            pos = tombstone;
            --table->tombstone_count;
        }
        ++table->used_count;

        {
            ptrdiff_t i = (ptrdiff_t) stbds_arrlen(a);
            /* we want to do stbds_arraddn(1), but we can't use the macros since we don't have something of the right type */
            if ((size_t) i+1 > stbds_arrcap(a))
                *(void **) &a = stbds_arrgrowf(a, elemsize, 1, 0);
            raw_a = STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);

            STBDS_ASSERT((size_t) i+1 <= stbds_arrcap(a));
            stbds_header(a)->length = i+1;
            bucket = &table->storage[pos >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];
            bucket->hash[pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK] = hash;
            bucket->index[pos & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK] = i-1;
            stbds_temp(a) = i-1;

            switch (table->string.mode) {
                case STBDS_SH_STRDUP:  stbds_temp_key(a) = *(char **) ((char *) a + elemsize*i) = stbds_strdup((char*) key); break;
                case STBDS_SH_ARENA:   stbds_temp_key(a) = *(char **) ((char *) a + elemsize*i) = stbds_stralloc(&table->string, (char*)key); break;
                case STBDS_SH_DEFAULT: stbds_temp_key(a) = *(char **) ((char *) a + elemsize*i) = (char *) key; break;
                default:                memcpy((char *) a + elemsize*i, key, keysize); break;
            }
        }
        return STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
    }
}

void * stbds_shmode_func(size_t elemsize, int mode)
{
    void *a = stbds_arrgrowf(0, elemsize, 0, 1);
    stbds_hash_index *h;
    memset(a, 0, elemsize);
    stbds_header(a)->length = 1;
    stbds_header(a)->hash_table = h = (stbds_hash_index *) stbds_make_hash_index(STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH, NULL);
    h->string.mode = (unsigned char) mode;
    return STBDS_ARR_TO_HASH(a,elemsize);
}

void * stbds_hmdel_key(void *a, size_t elemsize, void *key, size_t keysize, size_t keyoffset, int mode)
{
    if (a == NULL) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        stbds_hash_index *table;
        void *raw_a = STBDS_HASH_TO_ARR(a,elemsize);
        table = (stbds_hash_index *) stbds_header(raw_a)->hash_table;
        stbds_temp(raw_a) = 0;
        if (table == 0) {
            return a;
        } else {
            ptrdiff_t slot;
            slot = stbds_hm_find_slot(a, elemsize, key, keysize, keyoffset, mode);
            if (slot < 0)
                return a;
            else {
                stbds_hash_bucket *b = &table->storage[slot >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];
                int i = slot & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
                ptrdiff_t old_index = b->index[i];
                ptrdiff_t final_index = (ptrdiff_t) stbds_arrlen(raw_a)-1-1; /* minus one for the raw_a vs a, and minus one for 'last' */
                STBDS_ASSERT(slot < (ptrdiff_t) table->slot_count);
                --table->used_count;
                ++table->tombstone_count;
                stbds_temp(raw_a) = 1;
                STBDS_ASSERT(table->used_count >= 0);
                /* STBDS_ASSERT(table->tombstone_count < table->slot_count/4); */
                b->hash[i] = STBDS_HASH_DELETED;
                b->index[i] = STBDS_INDEX_DELETED;

                if (mode == STBDS_HM_STRING && table->string.mode == STBDS_SH_STRDUP)
                    STBDS_FREE(NULL, *(char**) ((char *) a+elemsize*old_index));

                /* if indices are the same, memcpy is a no-op, but back-pointer-fixup will fail, so skip */
                if (old_index != final_index) {
                    /* swap delete */
                    memmove((char*) a + elemsize*old_index, (char*) a + elemsize*final_index, elemsize);

                    /* now find the slot for the last element */
                    if (mode == STBDS_HM_STRING)
                        slot = stbds_hm_find_slot(a, elemsize, *(char**) ((char *) a+elemsize*old_index + keyoffset), keysize, keyoffset, mode);
                    else
                        slot = stbds_hm_find_slot(a, elemsize,  (char* ) a+elemsize*old_index + keyoffset, keysize, keyoffset, mode);
                    STBDS_ASSERT(slot >= 0);
                    b = &table->storage[slot >> STBDS_BUCKET_SHIFT];
                    i = slot & STBDS_BUCKET_MASK;
                    STBDS_ASSERT(b->index[i] == final_index);
                    b->index[i] = old_index;
                }
                stbds_header(raw_a)->length -= 1;

                if (table->used_count < table->used_count_shrink_threshold && table->slot_count > STBDS_BUCKET_LENGTH) {
                    stbds_header(raw_a)->hash_table = stbds_make_hash_index(table->slot_count>>1, table);
                    STBDS_FREE(NULL, table);
                    STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_shrink);
                } else if (table->tombstone_count > table->tombstone_count_threshold) {
                    stbds_header(raw_a)->hash_table = stbds_make_hash_index(table->slot_count   , table);
                    STBDS_FREE(NULL, table);
                    STBDS_STATS(++stbds_hash_rebuild);
                }

                return a;
            }
        }
    }
    /* NOTREACHED */
}

static char *stbds_strdup(char *str)
{
    /* to keep replaceable allocator simple, we don't want to use strdup.
       rolling our own also avoids problem of strdup vs _strdup */
    size_t len = strlen(str)+1;
    char *p = (char*) STBDS_REALLOC(NULL, 0, len);
    memmove(p, str, len);
    return p;
}

#ifndef STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MIN
#define STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MIN  512u
#endif
#ifndef STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MAX
#define STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MAX  (1u<<20)
#endif

char *stbds_stralloc(stbds_string_arena *a, char *str)
{
    char *p;
    size_t len = strlen(str)+1;
    if (len > a->remaining) {
        /* compute the next blocksize */
        size_t blocksize = a->block;

        /* size is 512, 512, 1024, 1024, 2048, 2048, 4096, 4096, etc., so that */
        /* there are log(SIZE) allocations to free when we destroy the table */
        blocksize = (size_t) (STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MIN) << (blocksize>>1);

        /* if size is under 1M, advance to next blocktype */
        if (blocksize < (size_t)(STBDS_STRING_ARENA_BLOCKSIZE_MAX))
            ++a->block;

        if (len > blocksize) {
            /* if string is larger than blocksize, then just allocate the full size.
             * note that we still advance string_block so block size will continue
             * increasing, so e.g. if somebody only calls this with 1000-long strings,
             * eventually the arena will start doubling and handling those as well
             */
            stbds_string_block *sb = (stbds_string_block *) STBDS_REALLOC(NULL, 0, sizeof(*sb)-8 + len);
            memmove(sb->storage, str, len);
            if (a->storage) {
                /* insert it after the first element, so that we don't waste the space there */
                sb->next = a->storage->next;
                a->storage->next = sb;
            } else {
                sb->next = 0;
                a->storage = sb;
                a->remaining = 0; /* this is redundant, but good for clarity */
            }
            return sb->storage;
        } else {
            stbds_string_block *sb = (stbds_string_block *) STBDS_REALLOC(NULL, 0, sizeof(*sb)-8 + blocksize);
            sb->next = a->storage;
            a->storage = sb;
            a->remaining = blocksize;
        }
    }

    STBDS_ASSERT(len <= a->remaining);
    p = a->storage->storage + a->remaining - len;
    a->remaining -= len;
    memmove(p, str, len);
    return p;
}

void stbds_strreset(stbds_string_arena *a)
{
    stbds_string_block *x,*y;
    x = a->storage;
    while (x) {
        y = x->next;
        STBDS_FREE(NULL, x);
        x = y;
    }
    memset(a, 0, sizeof(*a));
}

#endif

/* *********************************************************************
 *   UNIT TESTS
 */

#ifdef STBDS_UNIT_TESTS
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef STBDS_ASSERT_WAS_UNDEFINED
#undef STBDS_ASSERT
#endif
#ifndef STBDS_ASSERT
#define STBDS_ASSERT assert
#include <assert.h>
#endif

typedef struct { int key,b,c,d; } stbds_struct;
typedef struct { int key[2],b,c,d; } stbds_struct2;

static char buffer[256];
char *strkey(int n)
{
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__STDC_WANT_SECURE_LIB__)
    sprintf_s(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "test_%d", n);
#else
    sprintf(buffer, "test_%d", n);
#endif
    return buffer;
}

void stbds_unit_tests(void)
{
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1200 && defined(__cplusplus)
    /* VC6 C++ doesn't like the template<> trick on unnamed structures, so do nothing! */
    STBDS_ASSERT(0);
#else
    const int testsize = 100000;
    const int testsize2 = testsize/20;
    int *arr=NULL;
    struct { int   key;        int value; }  *intmap  = NULL;
    struct { char *key;        int value; }  *strmap  = NULL, s;
    struct { stbds_struct key; int value; }  *map     = NULL;
    stbds_struct                             *map2    = NULL;
    stbds_struct2                            *map3    = NULL;
    stbds_string_arena                        sa      = { 0 };
    int key3[2] = { 1,2 };
    ptrdiff_t temp;

    int i,j;

    STBDS_ASSERT(arrlen(arr)==0);
    for (i=0; i < 20000; i += 50) {
        for (j=0; j < i; ++j)
            arrpush(arr,j);
        arrfree(arr);
    }

    for (i=0; i < 4; ++i) {
        arrpush(arr,1); arrpush(arr,2); arrpush(arr,3); arrpush(arr,4);
        arrdel(arr,i);
        arrfree(arr);
        arrpush(arr,1); arrpush(arr,2); arrpush(arr,3); arrpush(arr,4);
        arrdelswap(arr,i);
        arrfree(arr);
    }

    for (i=0; i < 5; ++i) {
        arrpush(arr,1); arrpush(arr,2); arrpush(arr,3); arrpush(arr,4);
        stbds_arrins(arr,i,5);
        STBDS_ASSERT(arr[i] == 5);
        if (i < 4)
            STBDS_ASSERT(arr[4] == 4);
        arrfree(arr);
    }

    i = 1;
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmgeti(intmap,i) == -1);
    hmdefault(intmap, -2);
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmgeti(intmap, i) == -1);
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmget (intmap, i) == -2);
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=2)
        hmput(intmap, i, i*5);
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1) {
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == -2 );
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == i*5);
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget_ts(intmap, i, temp) == -2 );
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget_ts(intmap, i, temp) == i*5);
    }
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=2)
        hmput(intmap, i, i*3);
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == -2 );
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == i*3);
    for (i=2; i < testsize; i+=4)
        hmdel(intmap, i); /* delete half the entries */
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
        if (i & 3) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == -2 );
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == i*3);
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
        hmdel(intmap, i); /* delete the rest of the entries */
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
        STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, i) == -2 );
    hmfree(intmap);
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=2)
        hmput(intmap, i, i*3);
    hmfree(intmap);

#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
#ifndef __cplusplus
    intmap = NULL;
    hmput(intmap, 15, 7);
    hmput(intmap, 11, 3);
    hmput(intmap,  9, 5);
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, 9) == 5);
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, 11) == 3);
    STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(intmap, 15) == 7);
#endif
#endif

    for (i=0; i < testsize; ++i)
        stralloc(&sa, strkey(i));
    strreset(&sa);

    {
        s.key = "a", s.value = 1;
        shputs(strmap, s);
        STBDS_ASSERT(*strmap[0].key == 'a');
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].key == s.key);
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].value == s.value);
        shfree(strmap);
    }

    {
        s.key = "a", s.value = 1;
        sh_new_strdup(strmap);
        shputs(strmap, s);
        STBDS_ASSERT(*strmap[0].key == 'a');
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].key != s.key);
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].value == s.value);
        shfree(strmap);
    }

    {
        s.key = "a", s.value = 1;
        sh_new_arena(strmap);
        shputs(strmap, s);
        STBDS_ASSERT(*strmap[0].key == 'a');
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].key != s.key);
        STBDS_ASSERT(strmap[0].value == s.value);
        shfree(strmap);
    }

    for (j=0; j < 2; ++j) {
        STBDS_ASSERT(shgeti(strmap,"foo") == -1);
        if (j == 0)
            sh_new_strdup(strmap);
        else
            sh_new_arena(strmap);
        STBDS_ASSERT(shgeti(strmap,"foo") == -1);
        shdefault(strmap, -2);
        STBDS_ASSERT(shgeti(strmap,"foo") == -1);
        for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=2)
            shput(strmap, strkey(i), i*3);
        for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
            if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(shget(strmap, strkey(i)) == -2 );
            else       STBDS_ASSERT(shget(strmap, strkey(i)) == i*3);
        for (i=2; i < testsize; i+=4)
            shdel(strmap, strkey(i)); /* delete half the entries */
        for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
            if (i & 3) STBDS_ASSERT(shget(strmap, strkey(i)) == -2 );
            else       STBDS_ASSERT(shget(strmap, strkey(i)) == i*3);
        for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
            shdel(strmap, strkey(i)); /* delete the rest of the entries */
        for (i=0; i < testsize; i+=1)
            STBDS_ASSERT(shget(strmap, strkey(i)) == -2 );
        shfree(strmap);
    }

    {
        struct { char *key; char value; } *hash = NULL;
        char name[4] = "jen";
        shput(hash, "bob"   , 'h');
        shput(hash, "sally" , 'e');
        shput(hash, "fred"  , 'l');
        shput(hash, "jen"   , 'x');
        shput(hash, "doug"  , 'o');

        shput(hash, name    , 'l');
        shfree(hash);
    }

    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 2) {
        stbds_struct s = { i,i*2,i*3,i*4 };
        hmput(map, s, i*5);
    }

    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 1) {
        stbds_struct s = { i,i*2,i*3  ,i*4 };
        stbds_struct t = { i,i*2,i*3+1,i*4 };
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(map, s) == 0);
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(map, s) == i*5);
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmget_ts(map, s, temp) == 0);
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmget_ts(map, s, temp) == i*5);
        /* STBDS_ASSERT(hmget(map, t.key) == 0); */
    }

    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 2) {
        stbds_struct s = { i,i*2,i*3,i*4 };
        hmputs(map2, s);
    }
    hmfree(map);

    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 1) {
        stbds_struct s = { i,i*2,i*3,i*4 };
        stbds_struct t = { i,i*2,i*3+1,i*4 };
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmgets(map2, s.key).d == 0);
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmgets(map2, s.key).d == i*4);
        /* STBDS_ASSERT(hmgetp(map2, t.key) == 0); */
    }
    hmfree(map2);

    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 2) {
        stbds_struct2 s = { { i,i*2 }, i*3,i*4, i*5 };
        hmputs(map3, s);
    }
    for (i=0; i < testsize; i += 1) {
        stbds_struct2 s = { { i,i*2}, i*3, i*4, i*5 };
        stbds_struct2 t = { { i,i*2}, i*3+1, i*4, i*5 };
        if (i & 1) STBDS_ASSERT(hmgets(map3, s.key).d == 0);
        else       STBDS_ASSERT(hmgets(map3, s.key).d == i*5);
        /* STBDS_ASSERT(hmgetp(map3, t.key) == 0); */
    }
#endif
}
#endif


/*
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
   Copyright (c) 2019 Sean Barrett
   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
   this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
   the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
   use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
   of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
   so, subject to the following conditions:
   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
   copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
   SOFTWARE.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
   This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
   Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
   software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
   commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
   In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
   software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
   domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
   the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
   overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
   this software under copyright law.
   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
   ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
   WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */