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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JavaScript Modularization Journey</title>
<meta name="description" content="Slides: JavaScript Modularization Journey">
<meta name="author" content="@huxpro">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/wx.css" id="theme">
<!-- Code syntax highlighting -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section style="margin-top:2%" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
# JavaScript Modularization *Journey*
### JavaScript 模块化*七日谈*
<small>
<a href="#/1">黄玄/@huxpro</a>
</small>
<iframe frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="90px" height="22px" src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=huxpro&repo=js-module-7day&type=star&count=true">
</iframe>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
<img src="attach/hux.jpg" style="
width: 200px;
border-radius: 50%;
"/>
## 黄玄
微信电影票前端工程师
<small>前阿里巴巴前端工程师</small>
<small>
<a href="http://huangxuan.me">Blog</a> /
<a href="http://weibo.com/huxpro">@Huxpro</a> /
<a href="https://github.com/huxpro">GitHub</a> /
<a href="http://www.zhihu.com/people/huxpro">知乎</a>
</small>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Why Modular?
# *Web is evolving*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
<img src="attach/joke/js.jpg" style="width:360px;" />
- Web sites are turning into *Web Apps*
- Code *complexity* grows as the site gets bigger
- Highly *decoupled* JS files/modules is wanted
- *Deployment* wants optimized code in few HTTP calls
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第一日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第一日 上古时期
# *Module?*
从设计模式说起
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
最早，我们这么写代码
```javascript
function foo(){
//...
}
function bar(){
//...
}
```
Global 被污染，很容易命名冲突
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
简单封装：*Namespace* 模式
```javascript
var MYAPP = {
foo: function(){},
bar: function(){}
}
MYAPP.foo();
```
- 减少 Global 上的变量数目
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
- 本质是对象，一点都不安全
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
匿名闭包 ：*IIFE* 模式
```javascript
var Module = (function(){
var _private = "safe now";
var foo = function(){
console.log(_private)
}
return {
foo: foo
}
})()
Module.foo();
Module._private; // undefined
```
函数是 JavaScript 唯一的 Local Scope
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
再增强一点 ：引入依赖
```javascript
var Module = (function($){
var _$body = $("body"); // we can use jQuery now!
var foo = function(){
console.log(_$body); // 特权方法
}
// Revelation Pattern
return {
foo: foo
}
})(jQuery)
Module.foo();
```
<p class="fragment">
这就是<em><b>模块模式</b></em><br>
也是现代模块实现的基石
</p>
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第二日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第二日 石器时代
# *Script Loader*
只有封装性可不够，我们还需要加载
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Let's back to script tags
```
body
script(src="jquery.js")
script(src="app.js") // do some $ things...
```
Order is essential
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
Load in parallel
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
DOM 顺序即执行顺序
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
但现实是这样的…
```
body
script(src="zepto.js")
script(src="jhash.js")
script(src="fastClick.js")
script(src="iScroll.js")
script(src="underscore.js")
script(src="handlebar.js")
script(src="datacenter.js")
script(src="deferred.js")
script(src="util/wxbridge.js")
script(src="util/login.js")
script(src="util/base.js")
script(src="util/city.js")
script(src="util/date.js")
script(src="util/cookie.js")
script(src="app.js")
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background="attach/bm_1.jpg"
style="background:rgba(0,0,0,0.8)"
>
<script type="text/template">
- 难以维护 *Very difficult to maintain!*
- 依赖模糊 *Unclear Dependencies*
- 请求过多 *Too much HTTP calls*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## [LABjs](http://labjs.com/) - script loader
(2009)
Loading And Blocking JavaScript
> *Using LABjs will replace all that ugly <br >"script tag soup"*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
How Does It Works?
```
script(src="LAB.js" async)
```
```javascript
$LAB.script("framework.js").wait()
.script("plugin.framework.js")
.script("myplugin.framework.js").wait()
.script("init.js");
```
<blockquote class="fragment"><p>Executed in parallel? </p></blockquote>
*First-come, First-served <br> (when execution order is not important)*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Sugar
```javascript
$LAB
.script( [ "script1.js", "script2.js", "script3.js"] )
.wait(function(){ // wait for all scripts to execute first
script1Func();
script2Func();
script3Func();
});
```
*Dependency Management<br>基于文件的依赖管理*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第三日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第三日 蒸汽朋克
# *Module Loader*
模块化架构的工业革命
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## [YUI3](yuilibrary.com) Loader - Module Loader
(2009)
<img src="attach/yui-logo.png" class="logo" style="max-width:150px" />
> *YUI's lightweight core and <br>**modular architecture**<br> make it scalable, fast, and robust.*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
回顾昔日王者的风采:
```javascript
// YUI - 编写模块
YUI.add('dom', function(Y) {
Y.DOM = { ... }
})
// YUI - 使用模块
YUI().use('dom', function(Y) {
Y.DOM.doSomeThing();
// use some methods DOM attach to Y
})
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
Creating Custom Modules
```javascript
// hello.js
YUI.add('hello', function(Y){
Y.sayHello = function(msg){
Y.DOM.set(el, 'innerHTML', 'Hello!');
}
},'3.0.0',{
requires:['dom']
})
```
```
// main.js
YUI().use('hello', function(Y){
Y.sayHello("hey yui loader");
})
```
*基于模块的依赖管理*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
Let's Go A Little Deeper
```javascript
// Sandbox Implementation
function Sandbox() {
// ...
// initialize the required modules
for (i = 0; i < modules.length; i += 1) {
Sandbox.modules[modules[i]](this);
}
// ...
}
```
Y 其实是一个强沙箱
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
所有依赖模块通过 attach 的方式被注入沙盒
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
*attach：在当前 YUI 实例上执行模块的初始化代码，使得模块在当前实例上可用*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
Still "Script Tag Soup"?
```javascript
script(src="/path/to/yui-min.js") // YUI seed
script(src="/path/to/my/module1.js") // add('module1')
script(src="/path/to/my/module2.js") // add('module2')
script(src="/path/to/my/module3.js") // add('module3')
```
```
YUI().use('module1', 'module2', 'module3', function(Y) {
// you can use all this module now
});
```
<em>
<ul class="fragment">
<li>you don't have to include script tags in a set order</li>
<li>separation of loading from execution</li>
</ul>
</em>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
漏了一个问题？ *Too much HTTP calls*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
## YUI Combo
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
How Combo Works
```
script(src="http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.0.0/build/yui/yui-min.js")
script(src="http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.0.0/build/dom/dom-min.js")
```
↓ <small style="margin:14px"> magic combo </small>
```
script(src="http://yui.yahooapis.com/combo?
3.0.0/build/yui/yui-min.js&
3.0.0/build/dom/dom-min.js")
```
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
*Serves multiple files in a single request*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
GET 请求，需要服务器支持
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
[alibaba/nginx-http-concat](https://github.com/alibaba/nginx-http-concat)
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template" >
<img src="attach/joke/3.jpg" height="300px" width="300px" />
- 合并 *Concat*
- 压缩 *Minify*
- 混淆 *Uglify*
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第四日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第四日 号角吹响
# *CommonJS*
征服世界的第一步是跳出浏览器
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## [CommonJS](http://www.commonjs.org/) - API Standard
(2009.08)
<img src="attach/commonjs-logo.png" class="logo" style="max-width:200px" />
> *javascript:<br> not just for browsers any more!*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
# [Modules/1.0](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Modules/1.0)
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
模块的定义与引用
```javascript
// math.js
exports.add = function(a, b){
return a + b;
}
```
```javascript
// main.js
var math = require('math') // ./math in node
console.log(math.add(1, 2)); // 3
```
*Magic Free Variable*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
[NodeJS](http://nodejs.org) : Simple HTTP Server
```javascript
// server.js
var http = require("http"),
PORT = 8000;
http.createServer(function(req, res){
res.end("Hello World");
}).listen(PORT);
console.log("listenning to " + PORT);
```
```
$ node server.js
```
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Synchronously
```javascript
// timeout.js
var EXE_TIME = 2;
(function(second){
var start = +new Date();
while(start + second*1000 > new Date()){}
})(EXE_TIME)
console.log("2000ms executed")
```
```
// main.js
require('./timeout'); // sync load
console.log('done!');
```
*同步/阻塞式加载*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
同步加载对服务器/本地环境并不是问题
<br>
硬盘 I/O | | 网速 I/O
-----|------- | ------|-------
HDD: | *100 MB/s* | ADSL: | *4 Mb/s*
SSD: | *600 MB/s* | 4G: | *100 Mb/s*
SATA-III:| *6000 Mb/s* | Fiber: | *100 Mb/s*
<br>
### *浏览器环境才是问题！*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第五日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第五日 双塔奇兵
# *AMD/CMD*
浏览器环境模块化方案
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
分歧和冲突
## *[Modules/Async](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Modules/AsynchronousDefinition)*
## *[Modules/Wrappings](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Modules/Wrappings)*
<div class="fragment">
<h3>*Modules/Transport*</h3>
<h4>*<del>Modules/2.0</del>*</h4>
</div>
<small style="margin-top:15px">
[《前端模块化开发的那点历史 - 玉伯》](https://github.com/seajs/seajs/issues/588)
</small>
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## *[AMD(Async Module Definition)](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Modules/AsynchronousDefinition)*
RequireJS 对模块定义的规范化产出
<br>
## *[CMD(Common Module Definition)](https://github.com/cmdjs/specification/blob/master/draft/module.md)*
SeaJS 对模块定义的规范化产出
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/) - AMD Implementation
(2011)
<img src="attach/requirejs-logo.svg"
class="logo"
style="max-width:130px; margin:0px" />
> *JavaScript file and module loader.<br> It is optimized for in-browser use*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
If `require()` is async?
```
//CommonJS Syntax
var Employee = require("types/Employee");
function Programmer (){
//do something
}
Programmer.prototype = new Employee();
//如果 require call 是异步的，那么肯定 error
//因为在执行这句前 Employee 模块根本来不及加载进来
```
*this code will not work*
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</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### *Function Wrapping*
```
//AMD Wrapper
define(
["types/Employee"], //依赖
function(Employee){ //这个回调会在所有依赖都被加载后才执行
function Programmer(){
//do something
};
Programmer.prototype = new Employee();
return Programmer; //return Constructor
}
)
```
looks familiar?
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*Sugar - simplified CommonJS wrapping*
```javascript
define(function (require) {
var dependency1 = require('dependency1'),
dependency2 = require('dependency2');
return function () {};
});
```
```javascript
// parse out require...
define(
['require', 'dependency1', 'dependency2'],
function (require) {
var dependency1 = require('dependency1'),
dependency2 = require('dependency2');
return function () {};
});
```
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*AMD vs CommonJS*
### 书写风格
```javascript
// Module/1.0
var a = require("./a"); // 依赖就近
a.doSomething();
var b = require("./b")
b.doSomething();
```
```javascript
// AMD recommended style
define(["a", "b"], function(a, b){ // 依赖前置
a.doSomething();
b.doSomething();
})
```
*Both OK*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*AMD vs CommonJS*
### 执行时机
```
// Module/1.0
var a = require("./a"); // 执行到此时，a.js 同步下载并执行
```
```
// AMD with CommonJS sugar
define(["require"], function(require){
// 在这里， a.js 已经下载并且执行好了
var a = require("./a")
})
```
*Early Download, Early Executing*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## [SeaJS](http://seajs.org/docs/) - CMD Implementation
(2011)
<img src="attach/seajs-logo.png" class="logo" />
> *Extremely simple experience of modular development*
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*More like CommonJS Style*
```javascript
define(function(require, exports) {
var a = require('./a');
a.doSomething();
exports.foo = 'bar';
exports.doSomething = function() {};
});
```
```javascript
// RequireJS 兼容风格
define('hello', ['jquery'], function(require, exports, module) {
return {
foo: 'bar',
doSomething: function() {}
};
});
```
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*AMD vs CMD - the truly different*
### Still Execution Time
```
// AMD recommended
define(['a', 'b'], function(a, b){
a.doSomething(); // 依赖前置，提前执行
b.doSomething();
})
```
```
// CMD recommanded
define(function(require, exports, module){
var a = require("a");
a.doSomething();
var b = require("b");
b.doSomething(); // 依赖就近，延迟执行
})
```
*Early Download, Lazy Executing*
<!-- .element: class="fragment" -->
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*RequireJS 最佳实践*
<small style="
vertical-align: baseline;
margin-left: 10px;
">
<a href="#/47">跳过</a>
</small>
### Use Case
```javascript
require([
'React', // 尽量使用 ModuleID
'IScroll',
'FastClick'
'navBar', // 和同目录下的 js 文件
'tabBar',
], function(
React, // Export
IScroll
FastClick
NavBar,
TabBar,
) {
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*RequireJS 最佳实践*
### Config
```javascript
require.config({
// 查找根路径，当加载包含协议或以/开头、.js结尾的文件时不启用
baseUrl: "./js",
// 配置 ModuleID 与 路径 的映射
paths: {
React: "lib/react-with-addons",
FastClick: "http://cdn.bootcss.com/fastclick/1.0.3/fastclick.min",
IScroll: "lib/iscroll",
},
// 为那些“全局变量注入”型脚本做依赖和导出配置
shim: {
'IScroll': {
exports: "IScroll"
},
},
// 从 CommonJS 包中加载模块
packages: [
{
name: "ReactChart",
location: "lib/react-chart",
main: "index"
}
]
})
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
*RequireJS 最佳实践*
### Optimized Build
```bash
node r.js -o build.js
```
```javascript
// build.js
// 简单的说，要把所有配置 repeat 一遍
({
appDir: './src',
baseUrl: './js',
dir: './dist',
modules: [
{
name: 'app'
}
],
fileExclusionRegExp: /^(r|build)\.js$/,
optimizeCss: 'standard',
removeCombined: true,
paths: {
React : "lib/react-with-addons",
FastClick: "http://cdn.bootcss.com/fastclick/1.0.3/fastclick.min",
IScroll: "lib/iscroll"
},
shim: {
'IScroll': {
exports: "IScroll"
},
},
packages: [
{
name: "ReactChart",
location: "lib/react-chart",
main: "index"
}
]
})
```
</script>
</section>
<!-- 第六日 --->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 第六日 精灵宝钻
# *Browserify/Webpack*
大势所趋，去掉这层包裹！
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background="attach/npm.png"
style="background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7)"
>
<script type="text/template">
# *[NPM](https://www.npmjs.com/)*
Node Package Manger