diff --git a/scripts/release-evidence.mjs b/scripts/release-evidence.mjs
index e5f238245..dd53e407c 100644
--- a/scripts/release-evidence.mjs
+++ b/scripts/release-evidence.mjs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   writeFileSync,
 } from "node:fs";
 import { basename, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { hasDuplicateJsonObjectKeys } from "./normalize-commercial-readiness-evidence.mjs";
 
 const EXPECTED_REPOSITORY = "ContextualWisdomLab/noema";
 const EXPECTED_SBOM_NAME = "noema.cdx.json";
@@ -204,8 +205,14 @@ function run() {
   }
   let sbom;
   try {
+    if (hasDuplicateJsonObjectKeys(sbomText)) {
+      fail("SBOM contains duplicate decoded JSON object keys");
+    }
     sbom = JSON.parse(sbomText);
   } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof Error && error.message === "SBOM contains duplicate decoded JSON object keys") {
+      throw error;
+    }
     fail(`SBOM is not valid JSON: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`);
   }
   const sbomSummary = validateSbom(sbom, identity.version);
@@ -271,4 +278,4 @@ try {
   const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
   console.error(`release-evidence: FAIL: ${message.slice(0, 1000)}`);
   process.exitCode = 1;
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/release-sbom-json-integrity.test.ts b/test/release-sbom-json-integrity.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..389a2e370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/release-sbom-json-integrity.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { mkdtempSync, readFileSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+const repository = "ContextualWisdomLab/noema";
+const commitSha = "a".repeat(40);
+
+function runReleaseEvidence(temp: string, sbomText: string) {
+  const sourcePath = join(temp, `noema-${commitSha}.tar.gz`);
+  const sbomPath = join(temp, "noema.cdx.json");
+  const outputDir = join(temp, "release");
+  writeFileSync(sourcePath, "bounded-source-archive", "utf8");
+  writeFileSync(sbomPath, sbomText, "utf8");
+
+  const result = spawnSync(
+    process.execPath,
+    [
+      "scripts/release-evidence.mjs",
+      "--source",
+      sourcePath,
+      "--sbom",
+      sbomPath,
+      "--output-dir",
+      outputDir,
+    ],
+    {
+      cwd: process.cwd(),
+      encoding: "utf8",
+      env: {
+        ...process.env,
+        GITHUB_REPOSITORY: repository,
+        GITHUB_SHA: commitSha,
+        GITHUB_REF: "refs/tags/v0.1.0",
+        NOEMA_RELEASE_VERSION: "0.1.0",
+        NOEMA_RELEASE_GENERATED_AT: "2026-08-03T00:00:00.000Z",
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  return { result, outputDir };
+}
+
+describe("release SBOM JSON integrity", () => {
+  it("rejects duplicate decoded SBOM keys before last-key-wins parsing", () => {
+    const temp = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "noema-release-sbom-integrity-"));
+    try {
+      const sbomText = `{
+        "$schema":"http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom-1.5.schema.json",
+        "bomFormat":"SPDX",
+        "bomF\\u006frmat":"CycloneDX",
+        "specVersion":"1.5",
+        "serialNumber":"urn:uuid:00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001",
+        "version":1,
+        "metadata":{"component":{"type":"application","name":"noema","version":"0.1.0","bom-ref":"noema@0.1.0"}},
+        "components":[],
+        "dependencies":[{"ref":"noema@0.1.0","dependsOn":[]}]
+      }`;
+
+      const { result, outputDir } = runReleaseEvidence(temp, sbomText);
+
+      expect(result.status).not.toBe(0);
+      expect(result.stderr).toContain("duplicate decoded JSON object keys");
+      expect(() => readFileSync(join(outputDir, "release-evidence.json"))).toThrow();
+    } finally {
+      rmSync(temp, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+});