diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types.Scalars.Upload/UploadType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types.Scalars.Upload/UploadType.cs
index 4f52c5bbedc..0baa442e7e4 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types.Scalars.Upload/UploadType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types.Scalars.Upload/UploadType.cs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider
     /// <param name="runtimeValue">The runtime value (not used).</param>
     /// <param name="resultValue">The result element (not used).</param>
     /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Always thrown as output coercion is not supported.</exception>
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(IFile runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(IFile runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => throw new NotSupportedException();
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(IFile runtimeValue, ResultElement resul
     /// <param name="runtimeValue">The runtime value (not used).</param>
     /// <returns>Never returns; always throws.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Always thrown as value to literal conversion is not supported.</exception>
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(IFile runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(IFile runtimeValue)
         => throw new NotSupportedException();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/AnyType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/AnyType.cs
index 1a959e3839d..23d59e6c77a 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/AnyType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/AnyType.cs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider
         => inputValue.Clone();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(JsonElement runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(JsonElement runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
     {
         switch (runtimeValue.ValueKind)
         {
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(JsonElement runtimeValue, ResultElement
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(JsonElement runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(JsonElement runtimeValue)
         => JsonParser.Parse(runtimeValue);
 
     private static class JsonParser
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ByteType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ByteType.cs
index 617a207641a..8bd6755f875 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ByteType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ByteType.cs
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ protected override sbyte OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetSByte();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(sbyte runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(sbyte runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(sbyte runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(sbyte runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/DecimalType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/DecimalType.cs
index da630c6b5af..50b0ed1f704 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/DecimalType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/DecimalType.cs
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ protected override decimal OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetDecimal();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(decimal runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(decimal runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(decimal runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(decimal runtimeValue)
         => new FloatValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/FloatType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/FloatType.cs
index 55e954455bd..4c7f62e49c3 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/FloatType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/FloatType.cs
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ protected override double OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetDouble();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(double runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(double runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(double runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(double runtimeValue)
         => new FloatValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IdType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IdType.cs
index 39c44e16a07..d62a5cba393 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IdType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IdType.cs
@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetStringValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
         => new StringValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IntType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IntType.cs
index de484ec2cc2..b9b90374d3b 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IntType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/IntType.cs
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ protected override int OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetInt32();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/LongType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/LongType.cs
index 0725498de98..d84b257e345 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/LongType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/LongType.cs
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ protected override long OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetInt64();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(long runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(long runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(long runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(long runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ScalarType~1.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ScalarType~1.cs
index 1f724747c79..9a386ec93c4 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ScalarType~1.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ScalarType~1.cs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public override void CoerceOutputValue(object runtimeValue, ResultElement result
     /// <exception cref="LeafCoercionException">
     /// Unable to coerce the given <paramref name="runtimeValue"/> into an output value.
     /// </exception>
-    public abstract void OnCoerceOutputValue(TRuntimeType runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue);
+    protected abstract void OnCoerceOutputValue(TRuntimeType runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public override IValueNode ValueToLiteral(object runtimeValue)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public override IValueNode ValueToLiteral(object runtimeValue)
     /// <exception cref="LeafCoercionException">
     /// Unable to convert the given <paramref name="runtimeValue"/> into a literal.
     /// </exception>
-    public abstract IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(TRuntimeType runtimeValue);
+    protected abstract IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(TRuntimeType runtimeValue);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Creates the exception to throw when <see cref="CoerceOutputValue(object, ResultElement)"/>
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ShortType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ShortType.cs
index 82b64491247..7f995ddaeb8 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ShortType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/ShortType.cs
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ protected override short OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetInt16();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(short runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(short runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(short runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(short runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedByteType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedByteType.cs
index 05caf3285b0..0f95f3703da 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedByteType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedByteType.cs
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ protected override byte OnCoerceInputLiteral(IntValueNode valueLiteral)
     protected override byte OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetByte();
 
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(byte runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(byte runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(byte runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(byte runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedIntType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedIntType.cs
index d21b3de0874..8a9213b1401 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedIntType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedIntType.cs
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ protected override uint OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetUInt32();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(uint runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(uint runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(uint runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(uint runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedLongType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedLongType.cs
index ca042f01554..f1de154fdc3 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedLongType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedLongType.cs
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ protected override ulong OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetUInt64();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(ulong runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(ulong runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(ulong runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(ulong runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedShortType.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedShortType.cs
index 88528b534c0..017ccee408d 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedShortType.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/src/Types/Types/Scalars/UnsignedShortType.cs
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ protected override ushort OnCoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue)
         => inputValue.GetUInt16();
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(ushort runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(ushort runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => resultValue.SetNumberValue(runtimeValue);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(ushort runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(ushort runtimeValue)
         => new IntValueNode(runtimeValue);
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Composite/SerializeAsTests.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Composite/SerializeAsTests.cs
index bef3b898f8b..a4e063ac46e 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Composite/SerializeAsTests.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Composite/SerializeAsTests.cs
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ public override object CoerceInputLiteral(IValueNode valueLiteral)
         public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider context)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
-        public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+        protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
-        public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
+        protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
     }
 
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ public override object CoerceInputLiteral(IValueNode valueLiteral)
         public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider context)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
-        public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+        protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
 
-        public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
+        protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
             => throw new NotImplementedException();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Scalars/ScalarBindingTests.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Scalars/ScalarBindingTests.cs
index 8ffcbb62bc2..32bce68562c 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Scalars/ScalarBindingTests.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Types.Tests/Types/Scalars/ScalarBindingTests.cs
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+        protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
+        protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+        protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(int runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
-        public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
+        protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(int runtimeValue)
         {
             throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
diff --git a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Validation.Tests/Types/InvalidScalar.cs b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Validation.Tests/Types/InvalidScalar.cs
index 8cc4f9a8f49..55e79fe16cd 100644
--- a/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Validation.Tests/Types/InvalidScalar.cs
+++ b/src/HotChocolate/Core/test/Validation.Tests/Types/InvalidScalar.cs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ public override object CoerceInputLiteral(IValueNode valueLiteral)
     public override object CoerceInputValue(JsonElement inputValue, IFeatureProvider context)
         => throw new InvalidOperationException();
 
-    public override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
+    protected override void OnCoerceOutputValue(string runtimeValue, ResultElement resultValue)
         => throw new InvalidOperationException();
 
-    public override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
+    protected override IValueNode OnValueToLiteral(string runtimeValue)
         => throw new InvalidOperationException();
 }