bt2_build.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2011, Ben Langmead <langmea@cs.jhu.edu>
 *
 * This file is part of Bowtie 2.
 *
 * Bowtie 2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Bowtie 2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with Bowtie 2.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <zlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "assert_helpers.h"
#include "endian_swap.h"
#include "bt2_idx.h"
#include "formats.h"
#include "sequence_io.h"
#include "tokenize.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "ref_read.h"
#include "filebuf.h"
#include "reference.h"
#include "ds.h"
#ifdef WITH_ZSTD
#include "zstd_decompress.h"
#endif

/**
 * \file Driver for the bowtie-build indexing tool.
 */

// Build parameters
int verbose;
static int sanityCheck;
static int format;
static TIndexOffU bmax;
static TIndexOffU bmaxMultSqrt;
static uint32_t bmaxDivN;
static int dcv;
static int noDc;
static int entireSA;
static int seed;
static int showVersion;
//   Ebwt parameters
static int32_t lineRate;
static int32_t linesPerSide;
static int32_t offRate;
static int32_t ftabChars;
static int  bigEndian;
static bool nsToAs;    // convert Ns to As
static bool doSaFile;  // make a file with just the suffix array in it
static bool doBwtFile; // make a file with just the BWT string in it
static bool autoMem;
static bool packed;
static bool writeRef;
static bool justRef;
static bool reverseEach;
static int nthreads;
static string wrapper;

static void resetOptions() {
	verbose      = true;  // be talkative (default)
	sanityCheck  = 0;     // do slow sanity checks
	format       = FASTA; // input sequence format
	bmax         = OFF_MASK; // max blockwise SA bucket size
	bmaxMultSqrt = OFF_MASK; // same, as multplier of sqrt(n)
	bmaxDivN     = 4;          // same, as divisor of n
	dcv          = 1024;  // bwise SA difference-cover sample sz
	noDc         = 0;     // disable difference-cover sample
	entireSA     = 0;     // 1 = disable blockwise SA
	seed         = 0;     // srandom seed
	showVersion  = 0;     // just print version and quit?
	//   Ebwt parameters
	lineRate     = Ebwt::default_lineRate; // a "line" is 64 or 128 bytes
	linesPerSide = 1;  // 1 64-byte line on a side
	offRate      = 4;  // sample 1 out of 16 SA elts
	ftabChars    = 10; // 10 chars in initial lookup table
	bigEndian    = 0;  // little endian
	nsToAs       = false; // convert reference Ns to As prior to indexing
	doSaFile     = false; // make a file with just the suffix array in it
	doBwtFile    = false; // make a file with just the BWT string in it
	autoMem      = true;  // automatically adjust memory usage parameters
	packed       = false; //
	writeRef     = true;  // write compact reference to .3.gEbwt_ext/.4.gEbwt_ext
	justRef      = false; // *just* write compact reference, don't index
	reverseEach  = false;
	nthreads     = 1;
	wrapper.clear();
}

// Argument constants for getopts
enum {
	ARG_BMAX = 256,
	ARG_BMAX_MULT,
	ARG_BMAX_DIV,
	ARG_DCV,
	ARG_SEED,
	ARG_CUTOFF,
	ARG_PMAP,
	ARG_NTOA,
	ARG_USAGE,
	ARG_REVERSE_EACH,
	ARG_SA,
	ARG_THREADS,
	ARG_WRAPPER
};

/**
 * Print a detailed usage message to the provided output stream.
 */
static void printUsage(ostream& out) {
	out << "Bowtie 2 version " << string(BOWTIE2_VERSION).c_str() << " by Ben Langmead (langmea@cs.jhu.edu, www.cs.jhu.edu/~langmea)" << endl;

#ifdef BOWTIE_64BIT_INDEX
	string tool_name = "bowtie2-build-l";
#else
	string tool_name = "bowtie2-build-s";
#endif
	if(wrapper == "basic-0") {
		tool_name = "bowtie2-build";
	}

	//               1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
	//      12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
	out << "Usage: " << tool_name << " [options]* <reference_in> <bt2_index_base>" << endl
	    << "    reference_in            comma-separated list of files with ref sequences" << endl
	    << "    bt2_index_base          write " + gEbwt_ext + " data to files with this dir/basename" << endl
	    << "*** Bowtie 2 indexes will work with Bowtie v1.2.3 and later. ***" << endl
	    << "Options:" << endl
	    << "    -f                      reference files are Fasta (default)" << endl
	    << "    -c                      reference sequences given on cmd line (as" << endl
	    << "                            <reference_in>)" << endl;
	if(wrapper == "basic-0") {
	out << "    --large-index           force generated index to be 'large', even if ref" << endl
	    << "                            has fewer than 4 billion nucleotides" << endl
	    << "    --debug                 use the debug binary; slower, assertions enabled" << endl
	    << "    --sanitized             use sanitized binary; slower, uses ASan and/or UBSan" << endl
	    << "    --verbose               log the issued command" << endl;
	}
	out << "    -a/--noauto             disable automatic -p/--bmax/--dcv memory-fitting" << endl
	    << "    -p/--packed             use packed strings internally; slower, less memory" << endl
	    << "    --bmax <int>            max bucket sz for blockwise suffix-array builder" << endl
	    << "    --bmaxdivn <int>        max bucket sz as divisor of ref len (default: 4)" << endl
	    << "    --dcv <int>             diff-cover period for blockwise (default: 1024)" << endl
	    << "    --nodc                  disable diff-cover (algorithm becomes quadratic)" << endl
	    << "    -r/--noref              don't build .3/.4 index files" << endl
	    << "    -3/--justref            just build .3/.4 index files" << endl
	    << "    -o/--offrate <int>      SA is sampled every 2^<int> BWT chars (default: 5)" << endl
	    << "    -t/--ftabchars <int>    # of chars consumed in initial lookup (default: 10)" << endl
	    << "    --threads <int>         # of threads" << endl
	    //<< "    --ntoa                  convert Ns in reference to As" << endl
	    //<< "    --big --little          endianness (default: little, this host: "
	    //<< (currentlyBigEndian()? "big":"little") << ")" << endl
	    << "    --seed <int>            seed for random number generator" << endl
	    << "    -q/--quiet              verbose output (for debugging)" << endl
	    << "    --h/--help              print this message and quit" << endl
	    << "    --version               print version information and quit" << endl
	    ;
	if(wrapper.empty()) {
		cerr << endl
		     << "*** Warning ***" << endl
		     << "'" << tool_name << "' was run directly.  It is recommended "
		     << "that you run the wrapper script 'bowtie2-build' instead."
		     << endl << endl;
	}
}

static const char *short_options = "qraph?nscfl:i:o:t:h:3C";

static struct option long_options[] = {
	{(char*)"quiet",        no_argument,       0,            'q'},
	{(char*)"sanity",       no_argument,       0,            's'},
	{(char*)"packed",       no_argument,       0,            'p'},
	{(char*)"little",       no_argument,       &bigEndian,   0},
	{(char*)"big",          no_argument,       &bigEndian,   1},
	{(char*)"bmax",         required_argument, 0,            ARG_BMAX},
	{(char*)"bmaxmultsqrt", required_argument, 0,            ARG_BMAX_MULT},
	{(char*)"bmaxdivn",     required_argument, 0,            ARG_BMAX_DIV},
	{(char*)"dcv",          required_argument, 0,            ARG_DCV},
	{(char*)"nodc",         no_argument,       &noDc,        1},
	{(char*)"seed",         required_argument, 0,            ARG_SEED},
	{(char*)"entiresa",     no_argument,       &entireSA,    1},
	{(char*)"version",      no_argument,       &showVersion, 1},
	{(char*)"noauto",       no_argument,       0,            'a'},
	{(char*)"noblocks",     required_argument, 0,            'n'},
	{(char*)"linerate",     required_argument, 0,            'l'},
	{(char*)"linesperside", required_argument, 0,            'i'},
	{(char*)"offrate",      required_argument, 0,            'o'},
	{(char*)"ftabchars",    required_argument, 0,            't'},
	{(char*)"help",         no_argument,       0,            'h'},
	{(char*)"ntoa",         no_argument,       0,            ARG_NTOA},
	{(char*)"justref",      no_argument,       0,            '3'},
	{(char*)"noref",        no_argument,       0,            'r'},
	{(char*)"sa",           no_argument,       0,            ARG_SA},
	{(char*)"reverse-each", no_argument,       0,            ARG_REVERSE_EACH},
	{(char*)"threads",      required_argument, 0,            ARG_THREADS},
	{(char*)"usage",        no_argument,       0,            ARG_USAGE},
	{(char*)"wrapper",      required_argument, 0,            ARG_WRAPPER},
	{(char*)0, 0, 0, 0} // terminator
};

/**
 * Parse an int out of optarg and enforce that it be at least 'lower';
 * if it is less than 'lower', then output the given error message and
 * exit with an error and a usage message.
 */
template<typename T>
static T parseNumber(T lower, const char *errmsg) {
	char *endPtr= NULL;
	T t = (T)strtoll(optarg, &endPtr, 10);
	if (endPtr != NULL) {
		if (t < lower) {
			cerr << errmsg << endl;
			printUsage(cerr);
			throw 1;
		}
		return t;
	}
	cerr << errmsg << endl;
	printUsage(cerr);
	throw 1;
	return -1;
}

/**
 * Read command-line arguments
 */
static bool parseOptions(int argc, const char **argv) {
	int option_index = 0;
	int next_option;
	bool bmaxDivNSet = false;
	bool abort = false;
	do {
		next_option = getopt_long(
			argc, const_cast<char**>(argv),
			short_options, long_options, &option_index);
		switch (next_option) {
			case ARG_WRAPPER:
				wrapper = optarg;
				break;
			case 'f': format = FASTA; break;
			case 'c': format = CMDLINE; break;
			case 'p': packed = true; break;
			case 'l':
				lineRate = parseNumber<int>(3, "-l/--lineRate arg must be at least 3");
				break;
			case 'i':
				linesPerSide = parseNumber<int>(1, "-i/--linesPerSide arg must be at least 1");
				break;
			case 'o':
				offRate = parseNumber<int>(0, "-o/--offRate arg must be at least 0");
				break;
			case '3':
				justRef = true;
				break;
			case 't':
				ftabChars = parseNumber<int>(1, "-t/--ftabChars arg must be at least 1");
				if (ftabChars > 16) {
					std::cerr << "-t/--ftabChars arg must not exceed 16" << std::endl;
					throw 1;
				}
				break;
			case 'n':
				// all f-s is used to mean "not set", so put 'e' on end
				bmax = 0xfffffffe;
				break;
			case 'h':
			case ARG_USAGE:
				printUsage(cout);
				abort = true;
				break;
			case ARG_BMAX:
				bmax = parseNumber<TIndexOffU>(1, "--bmax arg must be at least 1");
				bmaxMultSqrt = OFF_MASK; // don't use multSqrt
				bmaxDivN = 0xffffffff;     // don't use multSqrt
				break;
			case ARG_BMAX_MULT:
				bmaxMultSqrt = parseNumber<TIndexOffU>(1, "--bmaxmultsqrt arg must be at least 1");
				bmax = OFF_MASK;     // don't use bmax
				bmaxDivN = 0xffffffff; // don't use multSqrt
				break;
			case ARG_BMAX_DIV:
				bmaxDivNSet = true;
				bmaxDivN = parseNumber<uint32_t>(1, "--bmaxdivn arg must be at least 1");
				bmax = OFF_MASK;         // don't use bmax
				bmaxMultSqrt = OFF_MASK; // don't use multSqrt
				break;
			case ARG_DCV:
				dcv = parseNumber<int>(3, "--dcv arg must be at least 3");
				break;
			case ARG_SEED:
				seed = parseNumber<int>(0, "--seed arg must be at least 0");
				break;
			case ARG_REVERSE_EACH:
				reverseEach = true;
				break;
			case ARG_SA:
				doSaFile = true;
				break;
			case ARG_NTOA: nsToAs = true; break;
			case ARG_THREADS:
				nthreads = parseNumber<int>(0, "--threads arg must be at least 1");
				break;
			case 'a': autoMem = false; break;
			case 'q': verbose = false; break;
			case 's': sanityCheck = true; break;
			case 'r': writeRef = false; break;

			case -1: /* Done with options. */
				break;
			case 0:
				if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
					break;
			default:
				printUsage(cerr);
				throw 1;
		}
	} while(next_option != -1);
	if(bmax < 40) {
		cerr << "Warning: specified bmax is very small (" << bmax << ").  This can lead to" << endl
		     << "extremely slow performance and memory exhaustion.  Perhaps you meant to specify" << endl
		     << "a small --bmaxdivn?" << endl;
	}
	if (!bmaxDivNSet) {
		bmaxDivN *= nthreads;
	}
	return abort;
}

EList<string> filesWritten;

/**
 * Delete all the index files that we tried to create.  For when we had to
 * abort the index-building process due to an error.
 */
static void deleteIdxFiles(
	const string& outfile,
	bool doRef,
	bool justRef)
{

	for(size_t i = 0; i < filesWritten.size(); i++) {
		cerr << "Deleting \"" << filesWritten[i].c_str()
		     << "\" file written during aborted indexing attempt." << endl;
		remove(filesWritten[i].c_str());
	}
}

static void renameIdxFiles() {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < filesWritten.size(); i++) {
		std::string oldName = filesWritten[i] + ".tmp";
		if (verbose)
			std::cerr << "Renaming " << oldName << " to " << filesWritten[i] << std::endl;
		std::rename(oldName.c_str(), filesWritten[i].c_str());
	}
}

/**
 * Drive the index construction process and optionally sanity-check the
 * result.
 */
template<typename TStr>
static void driver(
	const string& infile,
	EList<string>& infiles,
	const string& outfile,
	bool packed,
	int reverse)
{
	EList<FileBuf*> is(MISC_CAT);
	bool bisulfite = false;
	RefReadInParams refparams(false, reverse, nsToAs, bisulfite);
	assert_gt(infiles.size(), 0);
	if(format == CMDLINE) {
		// Adapt sequence strings to stringstreams open for input
		stringstream *ss = new stringstream();
		for(size_t i = 0; i < infiles.size(); i++) {
			(*ss) << ">" << i << endl << infiles[i].c_str() << endl;
		}
		FileBuf *fb = new FileBuf(ss);
		assert(fb != NULL);
		assert(!fb->eof());
		assert(fb->get() == '>');
		ASSERT_ONLY(fb->reset());
		assert(!fb->eof());
		is.push_back(fb);
	} else {
		// Adapt sequence files to ifstreams
		for(size_t i = 0; i < infiles.size(); i++) {
			FileBuf *fb;

			size_t idx = infiles[i].find_last_of(".");
			std::string ext = (idx == std::string::npos) ? "" : infiles[i].substr(idx + 1);
			if (ext == "" || ext == "gz" || ext == "Z") {
				gzFile zFp = gzopen(infiles[i].c_str(), "rb");
				if (zFp == NULL) {
					cerr << "Error: could not open "<< infiles[i].c_str() << endl;
					throw 1;
				}
				fb = new FileBuf(zFp);
#ifdef WITH_ZSTD
			} else if (ext == "zstd" || ext == "zst") {
				zstdStrm *zstdFp = zstdOpen(infiles[i].c_str());
				if (zstdFp == NULL) {
					cerr << "Error: could not open " << infiles[i].c_str() << endl;
					throw 1;
				}
				fb = new FileBuf(zstdFp);
#endif
			} else {
				FILE *f = fopen(infiles[i].c_str(), "rb");
				if (f == NULL) {
					cerr << "Error: could not open "<< infiles[i].c_str() << endl;
					throw 1;
				}
				fb = new FileBuf(f);
			}
			assert(fb != NULL);
			if(fb->peek() == -1 || fb->eof()) {
				cerr << "Warning: Empty fasta file: '" << infile.c_str() << "'" << endl;
				continue;
			}
			assert(!fb->eof());
			assert(fb->get() == '>');
			ASSERT_ONLY(fb->reset());
			assert(!fb->eof());
			is.push_back(fb);
		}
	}
	if(is.empty()) {
		cerr << "Warning: All fasta inputs were empty" << endl;
		throw 1;
	}
	if(!reverse) {
#ifdef BOWTIE_64BIT_INDEX
		if (verbose) cerr << "Building a LARGE index" << endl;
#else
		if (verbose) cerr << "Building a SMALL index" << endl;
#endif
	}
	// Vector for the ordered list of "records" comprising the input
	// sequences.  A record represents a stretch of unambiguous
	// characters in one of the input sequences.
	EList<RefRecord> szs(MISC_CAT);
	std::pair<size_t, size_t> sztot;
	{
		if(verbose) cout << "Reading reference sizes" << endl;
		Timer _t(cout, "  Time reading reference sizes: ", verbose);
		if(!reverse && (writeRef || justRef)) {
			filesWritten.push_back(outfile + ".3." + gEbwt_ext);
			filesWritten.push_back(outfile + ".4." + gEbwt_ext);
			sztot = BitPairReference::szsFromFasta(is, outfile, bigEndian, refparams, szs, sanityCheck);
		} else {
			sztot = BitPairReference::szsFromFasta(is, string(), bigEndian, refparams, szs, sanityCheck);
		}
	}
	if(justRef) return;
	assert_gt(sztot.first, 0);
	assert_gt(sztot.second, 0);
	assert_gt(szs.size(), 0);
	// Construct index from input strings and parameters
	filesWritten.push_back(outfile + ".1." + gEbwt_ext);
	filesWritten.push_back(outfile + ".2." + gEbwt_ext);
	Ebwt ebwt(
		TStr(),
		packed,
		0,
		1,            // TODO: maybe not?
		lineRate,
		offRate,      // suffix-array sampling rate
		ftabChars,    // number of chars in initial arrow-pair calc
		nthreads,     // number of threads
		outfile,      // basename for .?.ebwt files
		reverse == 0, // fw
		!entireSA,    // useBlockwise
		bmax,         // block size for blockwise SA builder
		bmaxMultSqrt, // block size as multiplier of sqrt(len)
		bmaxDivN,     // block size as divisor of len
		noDc? 0 : dcv,// difference-cover period
		is,           // list of input streams
		szs,          // list of reference sizes
		(TIndexOffU)sztot.first,  // total size of all unambiguous ref chars
		refparams,    // reference read-in parameters
		seed,         // pseudo-random number generator seed
		-1,           // override offRate
		doSaFile,     // make a file with just the suffix array in it
		doBwtFile,    // make a file with just the BWT string in it
		verbose,      // be talkative
		autoMem,      // pass exceptions up to the toplevel so that we can adjust memory settings automatically
		sanityCheck); // verify results and internal consistency
	// Note that the Ebwt is *not* resident in memory at this time.  To
	// load it into memory, call ebwt.loadIntoMemory()
	if(verbose) {
		// Print Ebwt's vital stats
		ebwt.eh().print(cout);
	}
	if(sanityCheck) {
		// Try restoring the original string (if there were
		// multiple texts, what we'll get back is the joined,
		// padded string, not a list)
		ebwt.loadIntoMemory(
			0,
			reverse ? (refparams.reverse == REF_READ_REVERSE) : 0,
			true,  // load SA sample?
			true,  // load ftab?
			true,  // load rstarts?
			false,
			false);
		SString<char> s2;
		ebwt.restore(s2);
		ebwt.evictFromMemory();
		{
			SString<char> joinedss = Ebwt::join<SString<char> >(
				is,          // list of input streams
				szs,         // list of reference sizes
				(TIndexOffU)sztot.first, // total size of all unambiguous ref chars
				refparams,   // reference read-in parameters
				seed);       // pseudo-random number generator seed
			if(refparams.reverse == REF_READ_REVERSE) {
				joinedss.reverse();
			}
			assert_eq(joinedss.length(), s2.length());
			assert(sstr_eq(joinedss, s2));
		}
		if(verbose) {
			if(s2.length() < 1000) {
				cout << "Passed restore check: " << s2.toZBuf() << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "Passed restore check: (" << s2.length() << " chars)" << endl;
			}
		}
	}

        for (size_t i = 0; i < is.size(); ++i) {
		if (is[i] != NULL)
			// FileBuf object closes file when deconstructed
			delete is[i];
        }
}

static const char *argv0 = NULL;

extern "C" {
/**
 * main function.  Parses command-line arguments.
 */
int bowtie_build(int argc, const char **argv) {
	string outfile;
	try {
		// Reset all global state, including getopt state
		opterr = optind = 1;
		resetOptions();

		string infile;
		EList<string> infiles(MISC_CAT);

		if(parseOptions(argc, argv)) {
			return 0;
		}
		argv0 = argv[0];
		if(showVersion) {
			cout << argv0 << " version " << string(BOWTIE2_VERSION).c_str() << endl;
			if(sizeof(void*) == 4) {
				cout << "32-bit" << endl;
			} else if(sizeof(void*) == 8) {
				cout << "64-bit" << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "Neither 32- nor 64-bit: sizeof(void*) = " << sizeof(void*) << endl;
			}
			cout << "Built on " << BUILD_HOST << endl;
			cout << BUILD_TIME << endl;
			cout << "Compiler: " << COMPILER_VERSION << endl;
			cout << "Options: " << COMPILER_OPTIONS << endl;
			cout << "Sizeof {int, long, long long, void*, size_t, off_t}: {"
				 << sizeof(int)
				 << ", " << sizeof(long) << ", " << sizeof(long long)
				 << ", " << sizeof(void *) << ", " << sizeof(size_t)
				 << ", " << sizeof(off_t) << "}" << endl;
			return 0;
		}

		// Get input filename
		if(optind >= argc) {
			cerr << "No input sequence or sequence file specified!" << endl;
			printUsage(cerr);
			return 1;
		}
		infile = argv[optind++];

		// Get output filename
		if(optind >= argc) {
			cerr << "No output file specified!" << endl;
			printUsage(cerr);
			return 1;
		}
		outfile = argv[optind++];

		tokenize(infile, ",", infiles);
		if(infiles.size() < 1) {
			cerr << "Tokenized input file list was empty!" << endl;
			printUsage(cerr);
			return 1;
		}

		// Optionally summarize
		if(verbose) {
			cout << "Settings:" << endl
				 << "  Output files: \"" << outfile.c_str() << ".*." + gEbwt_ext + "\"" << endl
				 << "  Line rate: " << lineRate << " (line is " << (1<<lineRate) << " bytes)" << endl
				 << "  Lines per side: " << linesPerSide << " (side is " << ((1<<lineRate)*linesPerSide) << " bytes)" << endl
				 << "  Offset rate: " << offRate << " (one in " << (1<<offRate) << ")" << endl
				 << "  FTable chars: " << ftabChars << endl
				 << "  Strings: " << (packed? "packed" : "unpacked") << endl
				 ;
			if(bmax == OFF_MASK) {
				cout << "  Max bucket size: default" << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "  Max bucket size: " << bmax << endl;
			}
			if(bmaxMultSqrt == OFF_MASK) {
				cout << "  Max bucket size, sqrt multiplier: default" << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "  Max bucket size, sqrt multiplier: " << bmaxMultSqrt << endl;
			}
			if(bmaxDivN == 0xffffffff) {
				cout << "  Max bucket size, len divisor: default" << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "  Max bucket size, len divisor: " << bmaxDivN << endl;
			}
			cout << "  Difference-cover sample period: " << dcv << endl;
			cout << "  Endianness: " << (bigEndian? "big":"little") << endl
				 << "  Actual local endianness: " << (currentlyBigEndian()? "big":"little") << endl
				 << "  Sanity checking: " << (sanityCheck? "enabled":"disabled") << endl;
#ifdef NDEBUG
			cout << "  Assertions: disabled" << endl;
#else
			cout << "  Assertions: enabled" << endl;
#endif
			cout << "  Random seed: " << seed << endl;
			cout << "  Sizeofs: void*:" << sizeof(void*) << ", int:" << sizeof(int) << ", long:" << sizeof(long) << ", size_t:" << sizeof(size_t) << endl;
			cout << "Input files DNA, " << file_format_names[format].c_str() << ":" << endl;
			for(size_t i = 0; i < infiles.size(); i++) {
				cout << "  " << infiles[i].c_str() << endl;
			}
		}
		// Seed random number generator
		srand(seed);
		{
			Timer timer(cout, "Total time for call to driver() for forward index: ", verbose);
			if(!packed) {
				try {
					driver<SString<char> >(infile, infiles, outfile, false, REF_READ_FORWARD);
				} catch(bad_alloc& e) {
					if(autoMem) {
						cerr << "Switching to a packed string representation." << endl;
						packed = true;
					} else {
						throw e;
					}
				}
			}
			if(packed) {
				driver<S2bDnaString>(infile, infiles, outfile, true, REF_READ_FORWARD);
			}
		}
		int reverseType = reverseEach ? REF_READ_REVERSE_EACH : REF_READ_REVERSE;
		srand(seed);
		Timer timer(cout, "Total time for backward call to driver() for mirror index: ", verbose);
		if(!packed) {
			try {
				driver<SString<char> >(infile, infiles, outfile + ".rev", false, reverseType);
			} catch(bad_alloc& e) {
				if(autoMem) {
					cerr << "Switching to a packed string representation." << endl;
					packed = true;
				} else {
					throw e;
				}
			}
		}
		if(packed) {
			driver<S2bDnaString>(infile, infiles, outfile + ".rev", true, reverseType);
		}
	} catch(std::exception& e) {
		cerr << "Error: Encountered exception: '" << e.what() << "'" << endl;
		cerr << "Command: ";
		for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++) cerr << argv[i] << " ";
		cerr << endl;
		deleteIdxFiles(outfile, writeRef || justRef, justRef);
		return 1;
	} catch(int e) {
		if(e != 0) {
			cerr << "Error: Encountered internal Bowtie 2 exception (#" << e << ")" << endl;
			cerr << "Command: ";
			for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++) cerr << argv[i] << " ";
			cerr << endl;
		}
		deleteIdxFiles(outfile, writeRef || justRef, justRef);
		return e;
	}
	renameIdxFiles();
	return 0;
}
}