diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_backup_client.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_backup_client.py
index a942dddcfb61..fd01784d818e 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_backup_client.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_backup_client.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 import pickle
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from six import raise_from
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from ._models import KeyVaultBackupResult
 from ._internal import KeyVaultClientBase, parse_folder_url
@@ -73,13 +72,10 @@ def begin_backup(self, blob_storage_url, sas_token, **kwargs):
             try:
                 job_id = _parse_status_url(status_url)
             except Exception as ex:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-                raise_from(
-                    ValueError(
-                        "The provided continuation_token is malformed. A valid token can be obtained from the "
-                        + "operation poller's continuation_token() method"
-                    ),
-                    ex,
-                )
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The provided continuation_token is malformed. A valid token can be obtained from the "
+                    + "operation poller's continuation_token() method"
+                ) from ex
 
             pipeline_response = self._client.full_backup_status(
                 vault_base_url=self._vault_url, job_id=job_id, cls=lambda pipeline_response, _, __: pipeline_response
@@ -138,13 +134,10 @@ def begin_restore(self, folder_url, sas_token, **kwargs):
             try:
                 job_id = _parse_status_url(status_url)
             except Exception as ex:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-                raise_from(
-                    ValueError(
-                        "The provided continuation_token is malformed. A valid token can be obtained from the "
-                        + "operation poller's continuation_token() method"
-                    ),
-                    ex,
-                )
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The provided continuation_token is malformed. A valid token can be obtained from the "
+                    + "operation poller's continuation_token() method"
+                ) from ex
 
             pipeline_response = self._client.restore_status(
                 vault_base_url=self._vault_url, job_id=job_id, cls=lambda pipeline_response, _, __: pipeline_response
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_enums.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_enums.py
index 8999a64ed9ec..ce21fb4110ac 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_enums.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_enums.py
@@ -3,21 +3,18 @@
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
 
-
-class KeyVaultRoleScope(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyVaultRoleScope(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Collection of well known role scopes. This list is not exhaustive."""
 
     GLOBAL = "/"  #: use this if you want role assignments to apply to everything on the resource
     KEYS = "/keys"  #: use this if you want role assignments to apply to all keys
 
 
-class KeyVaultDataAction(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyVaultDataAction(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported permissions for data actions."""
 
     #: Read HSM key metadata.
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/__init__.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/__init__.py
index a0536ae8029e..fbf735cf14fb 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/__init__.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from .challenge_auth_policy import ChallengeAuthPolicy
 from .client_base import KeyVaultClientBase
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/client_base.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/client_base.py
index c396e2332f21..84e913a8c0df 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/client_base.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/azure/keyvault/administration/_internal/client_base.py
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
+
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 from azure.core.pipeline.policies import HttpLoggingPolicy
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@
     from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
 
 
-class ApiVersion(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class ApiVersion(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Key Vault API versions supported by this package"""
 
     #: this is the default version
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/setup.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/setup.py
index ec9e072a0f88..ee818e4092a5 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/setup.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/setup.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
         "azure-common~=1.1",
         "azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.24.0",
         "isodate>=0.6.1",
-        "six>=1.11.0",
         "typing-extensions>=4.0.1",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/helpers.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/helpers.py
index 8df36215388e..bccc64ed773d 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
-import six
+from urllib import parse
 
 try:
     from unittest import mock
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def add_discrepancy(name, expected, actual):
         if self.url_substring and self.url_substring not in request.url:
             add_discrepancy("url substring", self.url_substring, request.url)
 
-        parsed = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(request.url)
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(request.url)
         if self.authority and parsed.netloc != self.authority:
             add_discrepancy("authority", self.authority, parsed.netloc)
 
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
index bf79ad588082..e0514b612188 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-administration/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
 
-import six
-
 _has_json_body = lambda req: req.body and "json" in req.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
 
 
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ def json_attribute_matcher(r1, r2):
     """Tests whether two vcr.py requests have JSON content with identical attributes (ignoring values)."""
 
     if _has_json_body(r1) and _has_json_body(r2):
-        c1 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r1.body))
-        c2 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r2.body))
+        c1 = json.loads(str(r1.body))
+        c2 = json.loads(str(r2.body))
         assert sorted(c1.keys()) == sorted(c2.keys())
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_enums.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_enums.py
index 866fcb15f916..6913db4755d7 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_enums.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_enums.py
@@ -2,28 +2,29 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
+
+# pylint: disable=enum-must-be-uppercase
+
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 
 
-class CertificatePolicyAction(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class CertificatePolicyAction(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """The supported action types for the lifetime of a certificate"""
 
     email_contacts = "EmailContacts"
     auto_renew = "AutoRenew"
 
 
-class CertificateContentType(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class CertificateContentType(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Content type of the secrets as specified in Certificate Policy"""
 
     pkcs12 = "application/x-pkcs12"
     pem = "application/x-pem-file"
 
 
-class KeyUsageType(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyUsageType(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """The supported types of key usages"""
 
     digital_signature = "digitalSignature"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class KeyUsageType(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
     decipher_only = "decipherOnly"
 
 
-class KeyType(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyType(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported key types"""
 
     ec = "EC"  #: Elliptic Curve
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def _missing_(cls, value):
         raise ValueError(f"{value} is not a valid KeyType")
 
 
-class KeyCurveName(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyCurveName(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported elliptic curves"""
 
     p_256 = "P-256"  #: The NIST P-256 elliptic curve, AKA SECG curve SECP256R1.
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class KeyCurveName(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
     p_256_k = "P-256K"  #: The SECG SECP256K1 elliptic curve.
 
 
-class WellKnownIssuerNames(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class WellKnownIssuerNames(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Collection of well-known issuer names"""
 
     self = "Self"  #: Use this issuer for a self-signed certificate
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_shared/client_base.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_shared/client_base.py
index f507131f4cad..b6262d1e77e0 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_shared/client_base.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/azure/keyvault/certificates/_shared/client_base.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 from azure.core.pipeline.policies import HttpLoggingPolicy
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@
     from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
 
 
-class ApiVersion(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class ApiVersion(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Key Vault API versions supported by this package"""
 
     #: this is the default version
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/setup.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/setup.py
index 4476496d6e4e..32c9bdc8fc98 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/setup.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/setup.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
         "azure-common~=1.1",
         "azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.24.0",
         "isodate>=0.6.1",
-        "six>=1.11.0",
         "typing-extensions>=4.0.1",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/helpers.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/helpers.py
index 8df36215388e..bccc64ed773d 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
-import six
+from urllib import parse
 
 try:
     from unittest import mock
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def add_discrepancy(name, expected, actual):
         if self.url_substring and self.url_substring not in request.url:
             add_discrepancy("url substring", self.url_substring, request.url)
 
-        parsed = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(request.url)
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(request.url)
         if self.authority and parsed.netloc != self.authority:
             add_discrepancy("authority", self.authority, parsed.netloc)
 
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
index bf79ad588082..e0514b612188 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-certificates/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
 
-import six
-
 _has_json_body = lambda req: req.body and "json" in req.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
 
 
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ def json_attribute_matcher(r1, r2):
     """Tests whether two vcr.py requests have JSON content with identical attributes (ignoring values)."""
 
     if _has_json_body(r1) and _has_json_body(r2):
-        c1 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r1.body))
-        c2 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r2.body))
+        c1 = json.loads(str(r1.body))
+        c2 = json.loads(str(r2.body))
         assert sorted(c1.keys()) == sorted(c2.keys())
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_enums.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_enums.py
index bcc3cc106015..d9a07ae8e786 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_enums.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_enums.py
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
+
+# pylint: disable=enum-must-be-uppercase
+
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 
 
-class KeyCurveName(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyCurveName(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported elliptic curves"""
 
     p_256 = "P-256"  #: The NIST P-256 elliptic curve, AKA SECG curve SECP256R1.
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class KeyCurveName(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
     p_256_k = "P-256K"  #: The SECG SECP256K1 elliptic curve.
 
 
-class KeyExportEncryptionAlgorithm(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyExportEncryptionAlgorithm(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported algorithms for protecting exported key material"""
 
     ckm_rsa_aes_key_wrap = "CKM_RSA_AES_KEY_WRAP"
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class KeyExportEncryptionAlgorithm(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str,
     rsa_aes_key_wrap_384 = "RSA_AES_KEY_WRAP_384"
 
 
-class KeyOperation(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyOperation(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported key operations"""
 
     encrypt = "encrypt"
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@ class KeyOperation(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
     export = "export"
 
 
-class KeyRotationPolicyAction(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyRotationPolicyAction(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """The action that will be executed in a key rotation policy"""
 
     rotate = "Rotate"  #: Rotate the key based on the key policy.
     notify = "Notify"  #: Trigger Event Grid events.
 
 
-class KeyType(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class KeyType(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Supported key types"""
 
     ec = "EC"  #: Elliptic Curve
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_shared/client_base.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_shared/client_base.py
index f507131f4cad..b6262d1e77e0 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_shared/client_base.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/_shared/client_base.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 from azure.core.pipeline.policies import HttpLoggingPolicy
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@
     from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
 
 
-class ApiVersion(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class ApiVersion(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Key Vault API versions supported by this package"""
 
     #: this is the default version
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_client.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_client.py
index f6e874d98e26..7f670975b2e9 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_client.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_client.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 
-import six
 from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError
 from azure.core.tracing.decorator import distributed_trace
 
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ def __init__(self, key, credential, **kwargs):
             if key.properties._attributes:  # pylint:disable=protected-access
                 self._not_before = key.properties.not_before
                 self._expires_on = key.properties.expires_on
-        elif isinstance(key, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(key, str):
             self._key = None
             self._key_id = parse_key_vault_id(key)
             if self._key_id.version is None:
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ def __init__(self, key, credential, **kwargs):
                 self._local_provider = get_local_cryptography_provider(cast(JsonWebKey, self._key))
                 self._initialized = True
             except Exception as ex:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
-                six.raise_from(ValueError("The provided jwk is not valid for local cryptography"), ex)
+                raise ValueError("The provided jwk is not valid for local cryptography") from ex
         else:
             self._local_provider = NoLocalCryptography()
             self._initialized = False
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/key.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/key.py
index 2a04602ba8f1..18665efeecce 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/key.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/key.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from six import with_metaclass
 from .algorithm import Algorithm
 
 try:
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@
     # pylint:disable=unused-import
     from typing import Any, FrozenSet
 
-class Key(with_metaclass(ABCMeta, object)):
+class Key(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     _supported_encryption_algorithms = frozenset([])  # type: FrozenSet[Any]
     _supported_key_wrap_algorithms = frozenset([])  # type: FrozenSet[Any]
     _supported_signature_algorithms = frozenset([])  # type: FrozenSet[Any]
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/transform.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/transform.py
index 039aece0f464..3a24f7ab1a7f 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/transform.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/azure/keyvault/keys/crypto/_internal/transform.py
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 
-class CryptoTransform(with_metaclass(ABCMeta, object)):
+class CryptoTransform(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     def __init__(self, key):
         self._key = key
 
@@ -36,13 +35,13 @@ def finalize(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class AuthenticatedCryptoTransform(with_metaclass(ABCMeta, object)):
+class AuthenticatedCryptoTransform(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     @abstractmethod
     def tag(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class SignatureTransform(with_metaclass(ABCMeta, object)):
+class SignatureTransform(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     @abstractmethod
     def sign(self, digest):
         raise NotImplementedError()
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ def verify(self, digest, signature):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class DigestTransform(with_metaclass(ABCMeta, object)):
+class DigestTransform(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     @abstractmethod
     def update(self, data):
         raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/setup.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/setup.py
index 074b236208f1..386822e41d47 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/setup.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/setup.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
         "azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.24.0",
         "cryptography>=2.1.4",
         "isodate>=0.6.1",
-        "six>=1.12.0",
         "typing-extensions>=4.0.1",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/helpers.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/helpers.py
index 8df36215388e..bccc64ed773d 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
-import six
+from urllib import parse
 
 try:
     from unittest import mock
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def add_discrepancy(name, expected, actual):
         if self.url_substring and self.url_substring not in request.url:
             add_discrepancy("url substring", self.url_substring, request.url)
 
-        parsed = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(request.url)
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(request.url)
         if self.authority and parsed.netloc != self.authority:
             add_discrepancy("authority", self.authority, parsed.netloc)
 
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
index bf79ad588082..e0514b612188 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
 
-import six
-
 _has_json_body = lambda req: req.body and "json" in req.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
 
 
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ def json_attribute_matcher(r1, r2):
     """Tests whether two vcr.py requests have JSON content with identical attributes (ignoring values)."""
 
     if _has_json_body(r1) and _has_json_body(r2):
-        c1 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r1.body))
-        c2 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r2.body))
+        c1 = json.loads(str(r1.body))
+        c2 = json.loads(str(r2.body))
         assert sorted(c1.keys()) == sorted(c2.keys())
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_key_client.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_key_client.py
index aa4db2596391..484f74ea0690 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_key_client.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_key_client.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 from azure.keyvault.keys._generated.v7_3.models import KeyRotationPolicy as _KeyRotationPolicy
 from dateutil import parser as date_parse
 from devtools_testutils import recorded_by_proxy, set_bodiless_matcher
-from six import byte2int
 
 from _shared.test_case import KeyVaultTestCase
 from _test_case import KeysClientPreparer, get_attestation_token, get_decorator, get_release_policy, is_public_cloud
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ def test_rsa_public_exponent(self, client, **kwargs):
 
         key_name = self.get_resource_name("rsa-key")
         key = self._create_rsa_key(client, key_name, hardware_protected=True, public_exponent=17)
-        public_exponent = byte2int(key.key.e)
+        public_exponent = key.key.e[0]
         assert public_exponent == 17
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("api_version,is_hsm",all_api_versions)
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_keys_async.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_keys_async.py
index 46dd438a25c5..c0819f971aea 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_keys_async.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-keys/tests/test_keys_async.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 )
 from azure.keyvault.keys.aio import KeyClient
 import pytest
-from six import byte2int
 
 from _shared.test_case_async import KeyVaultTestCase
 from _async_test_case import get_attestation_token, get_decorator, get_release_policy, is_public_cloud, AsyncKeysClientPreparer
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ async def test_rsa_public_exponent(self, client, **kwargs):
 
         key_name = self.get_resource_name("rsa-key")
         key = await self._create_rsa_key(client, key_name, hardware_protected=True, public_exponent=17)
-        public_exponent = byte2int(key.key.e)
+        public_exponent = key.key.e[0]
         assert public_exponent == 17
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/azure/keyvault/secrets/_shared/client_base.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/azure/keyvault/secrets/_shared/client_base.py
index f507131f4cad..b6262d1e77e0 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/azure/keyvault/secrets/_shared/client_base.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/azure/keyvault/secrets/_shared/client_base.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
-# pylint:skip-file (avoids crash due to six.with_metaclass https://github.com/PyCQA/astroid/issues/713)
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from enum import Enum
-from six import with_metaclass
 
 from azure.core import CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta
 from azure.core.pipeline.policies import HttpLoggingPolicy
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@
     from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
 
 
-class ApiVersion(with_metaclass(CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta, str, Enum)):
+class ApiVersion(str, Enum, metaclass=CaseInsensitiveEnumMeta):
     """Key Vault API versions supported by this package"""
 
     #: this is the default version
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/setup.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/setup.py
index 37f9c4245b8e..d6dd72ed23b3 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/setup.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/setup.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
         "azure-common~=1.1",
         "azure-core<2.0.0,>=1.24.0",
         "isodate>=0.6.1",
-        "six>=1.11.0",
         "typing-extensions>=4.0.1",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/helpers.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/helpers.py
index 8df36215388e..bccc64ed773d 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Licensed under the MIT License.
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
-import six
+from urllib import parse
 
 try:
     from unittest import mock
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def add_discrepancy(name, expected, actual):
         if self.url_substring and self.url_substring not in request.url:
             add_discrepancy("url substring", self.url_substring, request.url)
 
-        parsed = six.moves.urllib_parse.urlparse(request.url)
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(request.url)
         if self.authority and parsed.netloc != self.authority:
             add_discrepancy("authority", self.authority, parsed.netloc)
 
diff --git a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
index bf79ad588082..e0514b612188 100644
--- a/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
+++ b/sdk/keyvault/azure-keyvault-secrets/tests/_shared/json_attribute_matcher.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 # ------------------------------------
 import json
 
-import six
-
 _has_json_body = lambda req: req.body and "json" in req.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
 
 
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ def json_attribute_matcher(r1, r2):
     """Tests whether two vcr.py requests have JSON content with identical attributes (ignoring values)."""
 
     if _has_json_body(r1) and _has_json_body(r2):
-        c1 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r1.body))
-        c2 = json.loads(six.ensure_str(r2.body))
+        c1 = json.loads(str(r1.body))
+        c2 = json.loads(str(r2.body))
         assert sorted(c1.keys()) == sorted(c2.keys())