diff --git a/.github/scripts/wait_for_infra.sh b/.github/scripts/wait_for_infra.sh
index d202e6cbcdd2..7f44911f43dc 100755
--- a/.github/scripts/wait_for_infra.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/wait_for_infra.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ API_KEY=$3
 # We retry every 20 seconds, and wait for a total of 5 minutes (15 times)
 
 if [ "$INFRA" == "mainnet-fork" ]; then
-  export ETHEREUM_HOST="https://$DEPLOY_TAG-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/$API_KEY"
+  export ETHEREUM_HOSTS="https://$DEPLOY_TAG-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/$API_KEY"
   curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":49,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' \
     --connect-timeout 30 \
     --retry 15 \
     --retry-delay 20 \
-    $ETHEREUM_HOST
+    $ETHEREUM_HOSTS
 elif [ "$INFRA" == "pxe" ]; then
   export PXE_URL="https://api.aztec.network/$DEPLOY_TAG/aztec-pxe/$API_KEY/status"
   curl \
diff --git a/.github/workflows/devnet-deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/devnet-deploy.yml
index a42ca670fffa..63bd400da0c0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/devnet-deploy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/devnet-deploy.yml
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
 
           docker run --rm --network host $AZTEC_DOCKER_IMAGE bootstrap-network \
             --rpc-url http://127.0.0.1:$PXE_PORT \
-            --l1-rpc-url http://127.0.0.1:$ETHEREUM_PORT \
+            --l1-rpc-urls http://127.0.0.1:$ETHEREUM_PORT \
             --l1-chain-id "$L1_CHAIN_ID" \
             --mnemonic "$MNEMONIC" \
             --address-index "$ADDRESS_INDEX" \
diff --git a/.github/workflows/network-deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/network-deploy.yml
index d584af135858..2e12f030b8e1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/network-deploy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/network-deploy.yml
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ jobs:
       TF_STATE_BUCKET: aztec-terraform
       GKE_CLUSTER_CONTEXT: "gke_testnet-440309_us-west1-a_${{ inputs.cluster }}"
       GCP_API_KEY_HEADER: "X-goog-api-key"
-      EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST: "https://json-rpc.${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_EXTERNAL_HOST }}?key=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}"
-      EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST: "https://beacon.${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_EXTERNAL_HOST }}"
+      EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS: "https://json-rpc.${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_URL }}?key=${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_API_KEY }},${{ secrets.INFURA_SEPOLIA_URL }}"
+      EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST: "https://beacon.${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_URL }}"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ jobs:
               -var="AZTEC_DOCKER_IMAGE=${{ env.AZTEC_DOCKER_IMAGE }}" \
               -var="L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY }}" \
               -var="L1_DEPLOYMENT_MNEMONIC=$L1_DEPLOYMENT_MNEMONIC" \
-              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST }}" \
+              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS }}" \
               -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST }}" \
-              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}" \
+              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}" \
               -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER=${{ env.GCP_API_KEY_HEADER }}" \
               -lock=${{ inputs.respect_tf_lock }}
           else
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ jobs:
               -var="L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY }}" \
               -var="L1_DEPLOYMENT_MNEMONIC=$L1_DEPLOYMENT_MNEMONIC" \
               -var="L1_DEPLOYMENT_SALT=${DEPLOYMENT_SALT:-$RANDOM}" \
-              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST }}" \
+              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS }}" \
               -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST }}" \
-              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}" \
+              -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}" \
               -var="EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER=${{ env.GCP_API_KEY_HEADER }}" \
               ${{ contains(env.VALUES_FILE, 'devnet') && '-var="EXPOSE_HTTPS_BOOTNODE=true"' || '' }} \
               -out=tfplan \
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-kind-test.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-kind-test.yml
index 0d61e6f35921..84b1762f3002 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-kind-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-kind-test.yml
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ env:
   AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
   BUILD_INSTANCE_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.BUILD_INSTANCE_SSH_KEY }}
   GIT_COMMIT: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
-  EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST: "https://json-rpc.${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_EXTERNAL_HOST }}?key=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}"
-  EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST: "https://beacon.${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_EXTERNAL_HOST }}"
+  EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS: "https://json-rpc.${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_URL }}?key=${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}"
+  EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST: "https://beacon.${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_URL }}"
   GCP_API_KEY_HEADER: "X-goog-api-key"
 jobs:
   setup:
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ jobs:
               docker pull aztecprotocol/end-to-end:${{ env.GIT_COMMIT }}
 
               # Set the sepolia run variables
-              export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST }}
+              export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS }}
               export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST=${{ env.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST }}
-              export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}
+              export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${{ secrets.GCP_SEPOLIA_API_KEY }}
               export EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER=${{ env.GCP_API_KEY_HEADER }}
               export L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY=${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY }}
               export L1_ACCOUNTS_MNEMONIC="${{ secrets.SEPOLIA_ACCOUNTS_MNEMONIC }}"
diff --git a/boxes/docker-compose.yml b/boxes/docker-compose.yml
index 37dfb68222eb..98779ac52be2 100644
--- a/boxes/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/boxes/docker-compose.yml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ services:
     working_dir: /root/aztec-packages/yarn-project/aztec
     command: "node ./dest/bin start --sandbox"
     environment:
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: 4
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 50
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ services:
       HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: 4
       DEBUG: "aztec:*"
       DEBUG_COLORS: "true"
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       PXE_URL: http://aztec:8080
diff --git a/ci3/tmux_split b/ci3/tmux_split
index 28b0d68dc769..8d9488fd48db 100755
--- a/ci3/tmux_split
+++ b/ci3/tmux_split
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ set -eu
 
 # Check if at least two commands are provided (otherwise what is the point)
 if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
-    echo "Usage: $0 <main-command> <background commands>..."
-    exit 1
+  echo "Usage: $0 <main-command> <background commands>..."
+  exit 1
 fi
 
 # Launches tmux with 1 window that has as many panes as commands
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ tmux new-session -d -s "$session_name" -e LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"debug"} \
   -e OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT=${OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT:-} \
   -e OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT=${OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT:-} \
   -e L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL:-} \
-  -e ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-} \
+  -e ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-} \
   -e LOG_JSON=${LOG_JSON:-}
 
 shift 1
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ echo "Using tmux base_index=$base_index"
 
 # Create the necessary number of panes and set titles
 num_commands=${#commands[@]}
-for ((i=0; i<num_commands; i++)); do
+for ((i = 0; i < num_commands; i++)); do
   if [[ $i -gt 0 ]]; then
     # Split the first pane each time
     tmux split-window -t "$session_name:${base_index}.${base_index}" -h
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ done
 tmux set-hook -t "$session_name" pane-exited "if-shell -F '#{==:#{pane_index},0}' 'kill-session -t \"$session_name\"'"
 
 # Now send commands to each pane
-for ((i=0; i<num_commands; i++)); do
+for ((i = 0; i < num_commands; i++)); do
   tmux send-keys -t "$session_name:$base_index.$((base_index + i))" "${commands[$i]}" C-m
 done
 
 # Attach to the session
-tmux attach-session -t "$session_name"
\ No newline at end of file
+tmux attach-session -t "$session_name"
diff --git a/docker-compose.provernet.yml b/docker-compose.provernet.yml
index 8d4ad754f560..e6e760cd452d 100644
--- a/docker-compose.provernet.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.provernet.yml
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 # Logs latest block numbers every 10 seconds.
 name: aztec-provernet
 services:
-
   # Anvil instance that serves as L1
   ethereum:
     image: aztecprotocol/foundry:25f24e677a6a32a62512ad4f561995589ac2c7dc-${ARCH_TAG:-amd64}
-    entrypoint: 'anvil --block-time 12 --silent -p 8545 --host 0.0.0.0 --chain-id 31337'
+    entrypoint: "anvil --block-time 12 --silent -p 8545 --host 0.0.0.0 --chain-id 31337"
     ports:
       - 8545:8545
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ services:
       - "8080:80"
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: info
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       AZTEC_PORT: 80
       DEPLOY_AZTEC_CONTRACTS: 1
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ services:
     volumes:
       - ./log/aztec-node/:/usr/src/yarn-project/aztec/log:rw
     healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status" ]
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status"]
       interval: 3s
       timeout: 30s
       start_period: 120s
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ services:
       - "8083:80"
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: verbose
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       PROVER_COORDINATION_NODE_URL: http://aztec-node
       AZTEC_PORT: 80
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 1000
@@ -79,11 +78,11 @@ services:
       aztec-prover-broker:
         condition: service_healthy
     healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status" ]
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status"]
       interval: 3s
       timeout: 30s
       start_period: 120s
-    command: [ "start", "--prover-node", "--archiver" ]
+    command: ["start", "--prover-node", "--archiver"]
     restart: on-failure:5
 
   aztec-prover-broker:
@@ -94,11 +93,11 @@ services:
       LOG_LEVEL: verbose
       AZTEC_PORT: 80
     healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status" ]
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status"]
       interval: 3s
       timeout: 30s
       start_period: 120s
-    command: [ "start", "--prover-broker" ]
+    command: ["start", "--prover-broker"]
     restart: on-failure:5
 
   # Prover agent that connects to the prover-node for fetching proving jobs and executing them
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ services:
       - "8090:80"
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: verbose
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       PROVER_BROKER_HOST: http://aztec-prover-broker
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       AZTEC_PORT: 80
@@ -124,13 +123,13 @@ services:
     depends_on:
       aztec-prover-broker:
         condition: service_healthy
-    command: [ "start", "--prover-agent" ]
+    command: ["start", "--prover-agent"]
     deploy:
       mode: replicated
       replicas: 2
     restart: on-failure:5
     healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status" ]
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status"]
       interval: 3s
       timeout: 30s
       start_period: 20s
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ services:
       - "8082:80"
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: info
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       AZTEC_NODE_URL: http://aztec-node
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       AZTEC_PORT: 80
@@ -167,23 +166,23 @@ services:
       aztec-node:
         condition: service_healthy
     healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status" ]
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-fSs", "http://127.0.0.1:80/status"]
       interval: 3s
       timeout: 30s
       start_period: 90s
     restart: on-failure:5
-    command: [ "start", "--bot", "--pxe" ]
+    command: ["start", "--bot", "--pxe"]
 
   # Simple watcher that logs the latest block numbers every few seconds using the CLI and the bot's PXE
   aztec-block-watcher:
     image: "aztecprotocol/${IMAGE:-aztec:master}"
     environment:
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
     depends_on:
       aztec-bot:
         condition: service_healthy
-    entrypoint: '/bin/bash -c'
+    entrypoint: "/bin/bash -c"
     command: >
       'while true; do node --no-warnings /usr/src/yarn-project/aztec/dest/bin/index.js block-number -u http://aztec-bot | head -n2; sleep 10; done'
     restart: on-failure:5
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ services:
   aztec-cli:
     image: "aztecprotocol/${IMAGE:-aztec:master}"
     environment:
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       PXE_URL: http://aztec-bot
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
     stdin_open: true
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index c0928538e49f..449a1830ab78 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ services:
       OUTBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS: "0x3ec4b6c68a8c2ce4c78cdd465b3019b11a568d1d"
       FEE_JUICE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS: "0x73c43b919973711e096bfc04c9d4b3be511ffc0b"
       FEE_JUICE_PORTAL_CONTRACT_ADDRESS: "0xdf25b0a34dbee9f25518f7a4d63bab8b3bb3e496"
-      ETHEREUM_HOST:
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS:
       P2P_TCP_LISTEN_ADDR: "0.0.0.0:9000"
       P2P_UDP_LISTEN_ADDR: "0.0.0.0:9001"
       P2P_TCP_ANNOUNCE_ADDR: ":9000"
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ services:
       OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT: ${OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT:-http://otel-collector:4318/v1/metrics}
       OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT: ${OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT:-http://otel-collector:4318/v1/traces}
     secrets:
-      - ethereum-host
+      - ethereum-hosts
       - p2p-boot-node
     entrypoint: |
       /bin/sh -c '
-        export ETHEREUM_HOST=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/ethereum-host)
+        export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/ethereum-hosts)
         export BOOTSTRAP_NODES=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/p2p-boot-node)
 
         test -z "$$PEER_ID_PRIVATE_KEY" -a ! -f /var/lib/aztec/p2p-private-key && node /usr/src/yarn-project/cli/dest/bin/index.js generate-p2p-private-key | head -1 | cut -d" " -f 3 | tee /var/lib/aztec/p2p-private-key || echo "Re-using existing P2P private key"
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ services:
       PXE_URL: http://pxe:8080
       NODE_NO_WARNINGS: 1
       SECRET_KEY:
-      ETHEREUM_HOST:
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS:
     profiles:
       - cli
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ services:
 secrets:
   aztec-node-url:
     environment: AZTEC_NODE_URL
-  ethereum-host:
-    environment: ETHEREUM_HOST
+  ethereum-hosts:
+    environment: ETHEREUM_HOSTS
   p2p-boot-node:
     environment: BOOTSTRAP_NODES
diff --git a/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/cli_reference.md b/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/cli_reference.md
index a2c31796ae33..5b8ee8dca8c5 100644
--- a/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/cli_reference.md
+++ b/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/cli_reference.md
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ aztec deploy-l1-contracts [options]
 ```
 
 Required options:
-- `-u, --rpc-url <string>`: URL of the Ethereum host.
+- `-u, --rpc-urls <string>`: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 - `-pk, --private-key <string>`: The private key to use for deployment.
 
 ### deploy-l1-verifier
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ aztec deploy-l1-verifier [options]
 ```
 
 Required options:
-- `--eth-rpc-url <string>`: URL of the Ethereum host.
+- `--eth-rpc-urls <string>`: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 - `-pk, --private-key <string>`: The private key to use for deployment.
 - `--verifier <verifier>`: Either 'mock' or 'real'.
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ aztec bridge-fee-juice <amount> <recipient> [options]
 ```
 
 Required option:
-- `--l1-rpc-url <string>`: URL of the Ethereum host.
+- `--l1-rpc-urls <string>`: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 
 ### get-l1-balance
 Gets the balance of ETH or an ERC20 token on L1 for a given Ethereum address.
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ aztec get-l1-balance <who> [options]
 ```
 
 Required option:
-- `--l1-rpc-url <string>`: URL of the Ethereum host.
+- `--l1-rpc-urls <string>`: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 
 ## Utility Commands
 
@@ -370,6 +370,6 @@ aztec sequencers <command> [who] [options]
 Commands: list, add, remove, who-next
 
 Required option:
-- `--l1-rpc-url <string>`: URL of the Ethereum host.
+- `--l1-rpc-urls <string>`: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 
 Note: Most commands accept a `--rpc-url` option to specify the Aztec node URL, and many accept fee-related options for gas limit and price configuration.
diff --git a/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/sandbox-reference.md b/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/sandbox-reference.md
index 671bc41cab8f..71aaa9087cfa 100644
--- a/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/sandbox-reference.md
+++ b/docs/docs/developers/reference/environment_reference/sandbox-reference.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ To change them, you can open `~/.aztec/docker-compose.sandbox.yml` and edit them
 ```sh
 LOG_LEVEL=debug # Options are 'fatal', 'error', 'warn', 'info', 'verbose', 'debug', 'trace'
 HOST_WORKDIR='${PWD}' # The location to store log outputs. Will use ~/.aztec where the docker-compose.yml file is stored by default.
-ETHEREUM_HOST=http://ethereum:8545 # The Ethereum JSON RPC URL. We use an anvil instance that runs in parallel to the sandbox on docker by default.
+ETHEREUM_HOSTS=http://ethereum:8545 # List of Ethereum JSON RPC URLs. We use an anvil instance that runs in parallel to the sandbox on docker by default.
 L1_CHAIN_ID=31337 # The Chain ID that the Ethereum host is using.
 TEST_ACCOUNTS='true' # Option to deploy 3 test account when sandbox starts. (default: true)
 MODE='sandbox' # Option to start the sandbox or a standalone part of the system. (default: sandbox)
diff --git a/docs/docs/developers/tutorials/codealong/js_tutorials/simple_dapp/4_testing.md b/docs/docs/developers/tutorials/codealong/js_tutorials/simple_dapp/4_testing.md
index 1c0b037fd9de..643c05995b8b 100644
--- a/docs/docs/developers/tutorials/codealong/js_tutorials/simple_dapp/4_testing.md
+++ b/docs/docs/developers/tutorials/codealong/js_tutorials/simple_dapp/4_testing.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import { TokenContract } from "@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token";
 
 const {
   PXE_URL = "http://localhost:8080",
-  ETHEREUM_HOST = "http://localhost:8545",
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS = "http://localhost:8545",
 } = process.env;
 
 describe("token contract", () => {
diff --git a/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_prover_draft.md b/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_prover_draft.md
index 8c1ea44feac5..03019363e385 100644
--- a/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_prover_draft.md
+++ b/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_prover_draft.md
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ To run a prover agent, either run `aztec start --prover`, or add the `--prover`
 
 The Aztec client is configured via environment variables, the following ones being relevant for the prover node:
 
-- **ETHEREUM_HOST**: URL to an Ethereum node.
+- **ETHEREUM_HOSTS**: List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated).
 - **L1_CHAIN_ID**: Chain ID for the L1 Ethereum chain.
 - **DATA_DIRECTORY**: Local folder where archive and world state data is stored.
 - **AZTEC_PORT**: Port where the JSON-RPC APIs will be served.
@@ -93,4 +93,3 @@ Both the prover node and agent also rely on the following:
 - **LOG_LEVEL**: One of `debug`, `verbose`, `info`, `warn`, or `error`.
 - **LOG_JSON**: Set to `true` to output logs in JSON format (unreleased).
 - **OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT**: Optional URL for pushing telemetry data to a remote OpenTelemetry data collector.
-
diff --git a/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_sequencer_draft.md b/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_sequencer_draft.md
index 4d45c281fb69..cdfa59eb531d 100644
--- a/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_sequencer_draft.md
+++ b/docs/docs/run_node/guides/run_nodes/how_to_run_sequencer_draft.md
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The `aztec-spartan.sh` script will set the following required variables on your
 
 | Variable      | Description                                                                                                                                   |
 | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| ETHEREUM_HOST | URL to the Ethereum node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
+| ETHEREUM_HOSTS | List of URLs of Ethereum nodes (comma separated). For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
 | BOOTNODE_URL  | URL to a bootnode that supplies L1 contract addresses and the ENR of the bootstrap nodes.                                                     |
 | IMAGE         | The docker image to run                                                                                                                       |
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ The Archiver's primary functions are data storage and retrieval (i.e. L1->L2 mes
 
 | Variable                       | Description                                                                                                                                         |
 | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| ETHEREUM_HOST                  | This is the URL to the L1 node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
+| ETHEREUM_HOSTS                 | List of L1 node URLs (comma separated) your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
 | L1_CHAIN_ID                    | Chain ID of the L1                                                                                                                                  |
 | DATA_DIRECTORY                 | Optional dir to store archiver and world state data. If omitted will store in memory                                                                |
 | ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS   | The polling interval in ms for retrieving new L2 blocks and encrypted logs                                                                          |
diff --git a/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/run_nginx_anvil.sh b/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/run_nginx_anvil.sh
index b4fce9dbfc5f..d06edd74ce8c 100755
--- a/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/run_nginx_anvil.sh
+++ b/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/run_nginx_anvil.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ trap 'kill $(jobs -p)' SIGTERM
 # Anvil defaults - Nginx assumes these values to be as they are
 HOST="0.0.0.0"
 PORT=8544
-ETHEREUM_HOST=$HOST:$PORT
+ETHEREUM_HOSTS=$HOST:$PORT
 # Stripping double quotations from the mnemonic seed phrase
 echo "stripping double quotations from the mnemonic seed phrase: ${MNEMONIC:0:10}..."
 MNEMONIC_STRIPPED=${MNEMONIC//\"/}
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ mkdir -p /var/log/anvil/
 # Run anvil logging to stdout
 .foundry/bin/anvil --block-time 12 --host $HOST -p $PORT -m "$MNEMONIC_STRIPPED" -f=https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/$INFURA_API_KEY --chain-id=$L1_CHAIN_ID --fork-block-number=15918000 --block-base-fee-per-gas=10 -s=$SNAPSHOT_FREQUENCY --state=./data/state --balance=1000000000000000000 &
 
-echo "Waiting for ethereum host at $ETHEREUM_HOST..."
-while ! curl -s $ETHEREUM_HOST >/dev/null; do sleep 1; done
+echo "Waiting for ethereum host at $ETHEREUM_HOSTS..."
+while ! curl -s $ETHEREUM_HOSTS >/dev/null; do sleep 1; done
 
 # Fix anvil's fork timestamp
-curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST -d"{\"id\":1,\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"evm_setNextBlockTimestamp\",\"params\":[\"$(date +%s | xargs printf '0x%x')\"]}" $ETHEREUM_HOST > /dev/null
-curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST -d"{\"id\":2,\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"evm_mine\",\"params\":[]}" $ETHEREUM_HOST > /dev/null
+curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST -d"{\"id\":1,\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"evm_setNextBlockTimestamp\",\"params\":[\"$(date +%s | xargs printf '0x%x')\"]}" $ETHEREUM_HOSTS >/dev/null
+curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST -d"{\"id\":2,\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"evm_mine\",\"params\":[]}" $ETHEREUM_HOSTS >/dev/null
 
 echo "Starting nginx..."
 nginx &
diff --git a/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/wait_for_fork b/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/wait_for_fork
index ddafc00cc2eb..9a48d41f2473 100755
--- a/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/wait_for_fork
+++ b/iac/mainnet-fork/scripts/wait_for_fork
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ set -e
 # This script waits on a healthy status from the fork - a valid response to the chainid request
 # We retry every 20 seconds, and wait for a total of 5 minutes (15 times)
 
-export ETHEREUM_HOST="https://$DEPLOY_TAG-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/$API_KEY"
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS="https://$DEPLOY_TAG-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/$API_KEY"
 
 curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":33,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' \
   --connect-timeout 30 \
   --retry 15 \
   --retry-delay 20 \
-  $ETHEREUM_HOST
+  $ETHEREUM_HOSTS
diff --git a/noir/noir-repo/examples/codegen_verifier/codegen_verifier.sh b/noir/noir-repo/examples/codegen_verifier/codegen_verifier.sh
index b227f82914e2..67bc1a3b0443 100755
--- a/noir/noir-repo/examples/codegen_verifier/codegen_verifier.sh
+++ b/noir/noir-repo/examples/codegen_verifier/codegen_verifier.sh
@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ HEX_PUBLIC_INPUTS=$(head -c $PUBLIC_INPUT_BYTES $PROOF_PATH | od -An -v -t x1 |
 HEX_PROOF=$(tail -c +$(($PUBLIC_INPUT_BYTES + 1)) $PROOF_PATH | od -An -v -t x1 | tr -d $' \n')
 
 # Split public inputs into strings where each string represents a `bytes32`.
-SPLIT_HEX_PUBLIC_INPUTS=$(sed -e 's/.\{64\}/0x&,/g' <<< $HEX_PUBLIC_INPUTS)
+SPLIT_HEX_PUBLIC_INPUTS=$(sed -e 's/.\{64\}/0x&,/g' <<<$HEX_PUBLIC_INPUTS)
 
 # Spin up an anvil node to deploy the contract to
 anvil &
 
 DEPLOY_INFO=$(forge create UltraVerifier \
-    --rpc-url "127.0.0.1:8545" \
-    --private-key "0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80" \
-    --json)
+  --rpc-urls "127.0.0.1:8545" \
+  --private-key "0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80" \
+  --json)
 VERIFIER_ADDRESS=$(echo $DEPLOY_INFO | jq -r '.deployedTo')
 
 # Call the verifier contract with our proof.
diff --git a/scripts/run_native_testnet.sh b/scripts/run_native_testnet.sh
index efc63d2e7693..8757013cc293 100755
--- a/scripts/run_native_testnet.sh
+++ b/scripts/run_native_testnet.sh
@@ -34,93 +34,93 @@ INTERLEAVED=false
 METRICS=false
 DISABLE_BLOB_SINK=false
 LOG_LEVEL="info"
-ETHEREUM_HOST=
+ETHEREUM_HOSTS=
 L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=
 
 OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT=${OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT:-"http://localhost:4318"}
 
 # Function to display help message
 function display_help {
-    echo "Usage: $0 [options]"
-    echo
-    echo "Options:"
-    echo "  -h     Display this help message"
-    echo "  -t     Specify the test file (default: $TEST_SCRIPT)"
-    echo "  -p     Specify the prover command (default: $PROVER_SCRIPT)"
-    echo "  -val     Specify the number of validators (default: $NUM_VALIDATORS)"
-    echo "  -v     Set logging level to verbose"
-    echo "  -vv    Set logging level to debug"
-    echo "  -i     Run interleaved (default: $INTERLEAVED)"
-    echo "  -m     Run with metrics (default: $METRICS) will use $OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT as default otel endpoint"
-    echo "  -c     Specify the otel collector endpoint (default: $OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT)"
-    echo "  -b     Disable the blob sink (default: false)"
-    echo "  -e     Specify the ethereum host url (default: $ETHEREUM_HOST)"
-    echo "  -cl    Specify the l1 consensus host url (default: $L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL)"
-    echo
-    echo "Example:"
-    echo "  $0 -t ./test-4epochs.sh -val 5 -v"
+  echo "Usage: $0 [options]"
+  echo
+  echo "Options:"
+  echo "  -h     Display this help message"
+  echo "  -t     Specify the test file (default: $TEST_SCRIPT)"
+  echo "  -p     Specify the prover command (default: $PROVER_SCRIPT)"
+  echo "  -val     Specify the number of validators (default: $NUM_VALIDATORS)"
+  echo "  -v     Set logging level to verbose"
+  echo "  -vv    Set logging level to debug"
+  echo "  -i     Run interleaved (default: $INTERLEAVED)"
+  echo "  -m     Run with metrics (default: $METRICS) will use $OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT as default otel endpoint"
+  echo "  -c     Specify the otel collector endpoint (default: $OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT)"
+  echo "  -b     Disable the blob sink (default: false)"
+  echo "  -e     Specify the ethereum host url (default: $ETHEREUM_HOSTS)"
+  echo "  -cl    Specify the l1 consensus host url (default: $L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL)"
+  echo
+  echo "Example:"
+  echo "  $0 -t ./test-4epochs.sh -val 5 -v"
 }
 
 # Parse command line arguments
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
   case $1 in
-    -h)
-      display_help
-      exit 0
-      ;;
-    -t)
-      TEST_SCRIPT="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -p)
-      PROVER_SCRIPT="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -val)
-      NUM_VALIDATORS="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -v)
-      if [[ $LOG_LEVEL == "info" ]]; then
-        LOG_LEVEL="verbose"
-      elif [[ $LOG_LEVEL == "verbose" ]]; then
-        LOG_LEVEL="debug"
-      fi
-      shift
-      ;;
-    -i)
-      INTERLEAVED=true
-      shift
-      ;;
-    -vv)
+  -h)
+    display_help
+    exit 0
+    ;;
+  -t)
+    TEST_SCRIPT="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -p)
+    PROVER_SCRIPT="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -val)
+    NUM_VALIDATORS="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -v)
+    if [[ $LOG_LEVEL == "info" ]]; then
+      LOG_LEVEL="verbose"
+    elif [[ $LOG_LEVEL == "verbose" ]]; then
       LOG_LEVEL="debug"
-      shift
-      ;;
-    -m)
-      METRICS=true
-      shift
-      ;;
-    -c)
-      OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -e)
-      ETHEREUM_HOST="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -cl)
-      L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL="$2"
-      shift 2
-      ;;
-    -b)
-      DISABLE_BLOB_SINK=true
-      shift
-      ;;
-    *)
-      echo "Invalid option: $1" >&2
-      display_help
-      exit 1
-      ;;
+    fi
+    shift
+    ;;
+  -i)
+    INTERLEAVED=true
+    shift
+    ;;
+  -vv)
+    LOG_LEVEL="debug"
+    shift
+    ;;
+  -m)
+    METRICS=true
+    shift
+    ;;
+  -c)
+    OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -e)
+    ETHEREUM_HOSTS="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -cl)
+    L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL="$2"
+    shift 2
+    ;;
+  -b)
+    DISABLE_BLOB_SINK=true
+    shift
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Invalid option: $1" >&2
+    display_help
+    exit 1
+    ;;
   esac
 done
 
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ if $METRICS; then
 fi
 
 # If an ethereum rpc url is provided, use it
-if [ -n "$ETHEREUM_HOST" ]; then
-  export ETHEREUM_HOST
+if [ -n "$ETHEREUM_HOSTS" ]; then
+  export ETHEREUM_HOSTS
 fi
 if [ -n "$L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL" ]; then
   export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL
 fi
 
 # If an ethereum url has been provided, do not run the ethereum.sh script
-if [ -n "$ETHEREUM_HOST" ]; then
+if [ -n "$ETHEREUM_HOSTS" ]; then
   ETHEREUM_SCRIPT=""
 else
   ETHEREUM_SCRIPT="./ethereum.sh"
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/files/config/setup-service-addresses.sh b/spartan/aztec-network/files/config/setup-service-addresses.sh
index bac3eedf08b5..949831cefdba 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/files/config/setup-service-addresses.sh
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/files/config/setup-service-addresses.sh
@@ -4,146 +4,145 @@ set -ex
 
 # Get load balancer IP for service
 function get_load_balancer_ip() {
-    local SERVICE_LABEL=$1
-    local PORT=$2
-    local MAX_RETRIES=30
-    local RETRY_INTERVAL=2
-    local attempt=1
-
-    # Check load balancer exists for service
-    while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
-        LOAD_BALANCER_IP=$(kubectl get svc -n ${NAMESPACE} -l app=${SERVICE_LABEL} -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
-        if [ -n "$LOAD_BALANCER_IP" ]; then
-            break
-        fi
-        echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for ${SERVICE_LABEL} load balancer to be available..." >&2
-        sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
-        attempt=$((attempt + 1))
-    done
-
-    if [ -z "$LOAD_BALANCER_IP" ]; then
-        echo "Error: Failed to get load balancer IP after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
-        return 1
+  local SERVICE_LABEL=$1
+  local PORT=$2
+  local MAX_RETRIES=30
+  local RETRY_INTERVAL=2
+  local attempt=1
+
+  # Check load balancer exists for service
+  while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
+    LOAD_BALANCER_IP=$(kubectl get svc -n ${NAMESPACE} -l app=${SERVICE_LABEL} -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
+    if [ -n "$LOAD_BALANCER_IP" ]; then
+      break
     fi
-
-    echo "Load balancer IP: ${LOAD_BALANCER_IP}" >&2
-    echo "http://${LOAD_BALANCER_IP}:${PORT}"
+    echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for ${SERVICE_LABEL} load balancer to be available..." >&2
+    sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
+    attempt=$((attempt + 1))
+  done
+
+  if [ -z "$LOAD_BALANCER_IP" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to get load balancer IP after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "Load balancer IP: ${LOAD_BALANCER_IP}" >&2
+  echo "http://${LOAD_BALANCER_IP}:${PORT}"
 }
 
 # Function to get pod and node details
 function get_service_address() {
-    local SERVICE_LABEL=$1
-    local PORT=$2
-    local MAX_RETRIES=30
-    local RETRY_INTERVAL=2
-    local attempt=1
-
-    # Get pod name
-    while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
-        POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -n ${NAMESPACE} -l app=${SERVICE_LABEL} -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
-        if [ -n "$POD_NAME" ]; then
-            break
-        fi
-        echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for ${SERVICE_LABEL} pod to be available..." >&2
-        sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
-        attempt=$((attempt + 1))
-    done
-
-    if [ -z "$POD_NAME" ]; then
-        echo "Error: Failed to get ${SERVICE_LABEL} pod name after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
-        return 1
+  local SERVICE_LABEL=$1
+  local PORT=$2
+  local MAX_RETRIES=30
+  local RETRY_INTERVAL=2
+  local attempt=1
+
+  # Get pod name
+  while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
+    POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -n ${NAMESPACE} -l app=${SERVICE_LABEL} -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
+    if [ -n "$POD_NAME" ]; then
+      break
     fi
-    echo "Pod name: [${POD_NAME}]" >&2
-
-    # Get node name
-    attempt=1
-    NODE_NAME=""
-    while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
-        NODE_NAME=$(kubectl get pod ${POD_NAME} -n ${NAMESPACE} -o jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}')
-        if [ -n "$NODE_NAME" ]; then
-            break
-        fi
-        echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for node name to be available..." >&2
-        sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
-        attempt=$((attempt + 1))
-    done
-
-    if [ -z "$NODE_NAME" ]; then
-        echo "Error: Failed to get node name after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
-        return 1
+    echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for ${SERVICE_LABEL} pod to be available..." >&2
+    sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
+    attempt=$((attempt + 1))
+  done
+
+  if [ -z "$POD_NAME" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to get ${SERVICE_LABEL} pod name after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  echo "Pod name: [${POD_NAME}]" >&2
+
+  # Get node name
+  attempt=1
+  NODE_NAME=""
+  while [ $attempt -le $MAX_RETRIES ]; do
+    NODE_NAME=$(kubectl get pod ${POD_NAME} -n ${NAMESPACE} -o jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}')
+    if [ -n "$NODE_NAME" ]; then
+      break
     fi
-    echo "Node name: ${NODE_NAME}" >&2
-
-    # Get the node's external IP
-    NODE_IP=$(kubectl get node ${NODE_NAME} -o jsonpath='{.status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address}')
-    echo "Node IP: ${NODE_IP}" >&2
-    echo "http://${NODE_IP}:${PORT}"
+    echo "Attempt $attempt: Waiting for node name to be available..." >&2
+    sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
+    attempt=$((attempt + 1))
+  done
+
+  if [ -z "$NODE_NAME" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to get node name after $MAX_RETRIES attempts" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  echo "Node name: ${NODE_NAME}" >&2
+
+  # Get the node's external IP
+  NODE_IP=$(kubectl get node ${NODE_NAME} -o jsonpath='{.status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address}')
+  echo "Node IP: ${NODE_IP}" >&2
+  echo "http://${NODE_IP}:${PORT}"
 }
 
 # Configure Ethereum execution client address
-if [ "${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST}" != "" ]; then
-    ETHEREUM_ADDR="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST}"
+if [ "${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS}" != "" ]; then
+  ETHEREUM_ADDR="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS}"
 elif [ "${NETWORK_PUBLIC}" = "true" ]; then
-    ETHEREUM_ADDR=$(get_load_balancer_ip "eth-execution" "${ETHEREUM_PORT}")
+  ETHEREUM_ADDR=$(get_load_balancer_ip "eth-execution" "${ETHEREUM_PORT}")
 else
-    ETHEREUM_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-eth-execution.${NAMESPACE}:${ETHEREUM_PORT}"
+  ETHEREUM_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-eth-execution.${NAMESPACE}:${ETHEREUM_PORT}"
 fi
 
 # Configure Ethereum Consensus address
 if [ "${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST}" != "" ]; then
-    ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST}"
+  ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST}"
 elif [ "${NETWORK_PUBLIC}" = "true" ]; then
-    ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR=$(get_load_balancer_ip "eth-beacon" "${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_PORT}")
+  ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR=$(get_load_balancer_ip "eth-beacon" "${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_PORT}")
 else
-    ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-eth-beacon.${NAMESPACE}:${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_PORT}"
+  ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-eth-beacon.${NAMESPACE}:${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_PORT}"
 fi
 
 # Configure Boot Node address
 if [ "${BOOT_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}" != "" ]; then
-    BOOT_NODE_ADDR="${BOOT_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
+  BOOT_NODE_ADDR="${BOOT_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
 elif [ "${NETWORK_PUBLIC}" = "true" ]; then
-    BOOT_NODE_ADDR=$(get_service_address "boot-node" "${BOOT_NODE_PORT}")
+  BOOT_NODE_ADDR=$(get_service_address "boot-node" "${BOOT_NODE_PORT}")
 else
-    BOOT_NODE_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-boot-node.${NAMESPACE}:${BOOT_NODE_PORT}"
+  BOOT_NODE_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-boot-node.${NAMESPACE}:${BOOT_NODE_PORT}"
 fi
 
 # Configure Prover Node address
 if [ "${PROVER_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}" != "" ]; then
-    PROVER_NODE_ADDR="${PROVER_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
+  PROVER_NODE_ADDR="${PROVER_NODE_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
 elif [ "${NETWORK_PUBLIC}" = "true" ]; then
-    PROVER_NODE_ADDR=$(get_service_address "prover-node" "${PROVER_NODE_PORT}")
+  PROVER_NODE_ADDR=$(get_service_address "prover-node" "${PROVER_NODE_PORT}")
 else
-    PROVER_NODE_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-prover-node.${NAMESPACE}:${PROVER_NODE_PORT}"
+  PROVER_NODE_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-prover-node.${NAMESPACE}:${PROVER_NODE_PORT}"
 fi
 
 if [ "${PROVER_BROKER_EXTERNAL_HOST}" != "" ]; then
-    PROVER_BROKER_ADDR="${PROVER_BROKER_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
+  PROVER_BROKER_ADDR="${PROVER_BROKER_EXTERNAL_HOST}"
 else
-    PROVER_BROKER_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-prover-broker.${NAMESPACE}:${PROVER_BROKER_PORT}"
+  PROVER_BROKER_ADDR="http://${SERVICE_NAME}-prover-broker.${NAMESPACE}:${PROVER_BROKER_PORT}"
 fi
 
 # Configure OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT if not set in values file
 if [ "${TELEMETRY:-false}" = "true" ] && [ "${OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT}" = "" ]; then
-    OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT=${OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT:-4318}
-    OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT="http://metrics-opentelemetry-collector.metrics:$OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT"
+  OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT=${OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT:-4318}
+  OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT="http://metrics-opentelemetry-collector.metrics:$OTEL_COLLECTOR_PORT"
 fi
 
 # Write addresses to file for sourcing
-echo "export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_ADDR}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER=${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export BOOT_NODE_HOST=${BOOT_NODE_ADDR}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export PROVER_NODE_HOST=${PROVER_NODE_ADDR}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-echo "export PROVER_BROKER_HOST=${PROVER_BROKER_ADDR}" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_ADDR}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_ADDR}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY=${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER=${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST_API_KEY_HEADER}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export BOOT_NODE_HOST=${BOOT_NODE_ADDR}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export PROVER_NODE_HOST=${PROVER_NODE_ADDR}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+echo "export PROVER_BROKER_HOST=${PROVER_BROKER_ADDR}" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
 
 if [ "${OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT}" != "" ]; then
-  echo "export OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/logs" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/metrics" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
-  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/traces" >> /shared/config/service-addresses
+  echo "export OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/logs" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/metrics" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
+  echo "export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT=$OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT/v1/traces" >>/shared/config/service-addresses
 fi
 
-
 echo "Addresses configured:"
 cat /shared/config/service-addresses
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/_helpers.tpl b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/_helpers.tpl
index c6a67022adeb..60d35f812f34 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/_helpers.tpl
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/_helpers.tpl
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ Service Address Setup Container
       value: "{{ .Values.telemetry.enabled }}"
     - name: OTEL_COLLECTOR_ENDPOINT
       value: "{{ .Values.telemetry.otelCollectorEndpoint }}"
-    - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST
-      value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHost }}"
+    - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS
+      value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHosts }}"
     - name: ETHEREUM_PORT
       value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.service.port }}"
     - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST
@@ -204,15 +204,20 @@ nodeSelector:
 {{- end -}}
 
 {{- define "aztec-network.waitForEthereum" -}}
-if [ -n "${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST}" ]; then
-  export ETHEREUM_HOST="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST}"
+if [ -n "${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS}" ]; then
+  export ETHEREUM_HOSTS="${EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS}"
 fi
-echo "Awaiting ethereum node at ${ETHEREUM_HOST}"
-until curl -s -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":67}' \
-  ${ETHEREUM_HOST} | grep 0x; do
-  echo "Waiting for Ethereum node ${ETHEREUM_HOST}..."
+echo "Awaiting any ethereum node from: ${ETHEREUM_HOSTS}"
+while true; do
+  for HOST in $(echo "${ETHEREUM_HOSTS}" | tr ',' '\n'); do
+    if curl -s -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+      -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":67}' \
+      "${HOST}" | grep -q 0x; then
+      echo "Ethereum node ${HOST} is ready!"
+      break 2
+    fi
+    echo "Waiting for Ethereum node ${HOST}..."
+  done
   sleep 5
 done
-echo "Ethereum node is ready!"
 {{- end -}}
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/deploy-l1-verifier.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/deploy-l1-verifier.yaml
index 735763ac3907..7cbe04bf828c 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/deploy-l1-verifier.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/deploy-l1-verifier.yaml
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ spec:
               value: "{{ .Values.network.public }}"
             - name: NAMESPACE
               value: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
-            - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST
-              value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHost }}"
+            - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS
+              value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHosts }}"
             - name: ETHEREUM_PORT
               value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.service.port }}"
             - name: EXTERNAL_BOOT_NODE_HOST
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/eth/eth-execution.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/eth/eth-execution.yaml
index 9d0b844771ad..c37ebacc2ef0 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/eth/eth-execution.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/eth/eth-execution.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{{- if not .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHost }}
+{{- if not .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHosts }}
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/faucet.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/faucet.yaml
index 313e8fe5689d..7a0652613e41 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/faucet.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/faucet.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{{- if and (not .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHost) .Values.pxe.enabled }}
+{{- if and (not .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHosts) .Values.pxe.enabled }}
 apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/setup-l2-contracts.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/setup-l2-contracts.yaml
index effc968d2126..c08e53296ef8 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/templates/setup-l2-contracts.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/templates/setup-l2-contracts.yaml
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ spec:
               value: "{{ .Values.network.public }}"
             - name: NAMESPACE
               value: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
-            - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST
-              value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHost }}"
+            - name: EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS
+              value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.externalHosts }}"
             - name: ETHEREUM_PORT
               value: "{{ .Values.ethereum.execution.service.port }}"
             - name: EXTERNAL_BOOT_NODE_HOST
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values.yaml
index 0d03a74716f5..f692c552b07f 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values.yaml
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ ethereum:
   maxTxInputSizeBytes: "1310720"
   args: ""
   execution:
-    externalHost: ""
+    externalHosts: ""
     service:
       port: 8545
       targetPort: 8545
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/ci-sepolia.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/ci-sepolia.yaml
index 8290c4159a0a..90c8923b6adb 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/ci-sepolia.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/ci-sepolia.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ethereum:
   l1GasPriceMax: 500
   l1FixedPriorityFeePerGas: 3
   execution:
-    externalHost: ""
+    externalHosts: ""
   beacon:
     externalHost: ""
     apiKey: ""
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/ignition-testnet.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/ignition-testnet.yaml
index 4c045b88a27e..bf13dbdc11f4 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/ignition-testnet.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/ignition-testnet.yaml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ validator:
   replicas: 3
   l1FixedPriorityFeePerGas: 3
   l1GasLimitBufferPercentage: 15
+  l1GasPriceMax: 500
   sequencer:
     minTxsPerBlock: 0
     maxTxsPerBlock: 0
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ ethereum:
   l1FixedPriorityFeePerGas: 3
   deployL1ContractsPrivateKey:
   execution:
-    externalHost:
+    externalHosts:
     resources:
       requests:
         memory: "1Gi"
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/rc-2.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/rc-2.yaml
index 6ae96570c7a7..2f24ad43aabe 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/rc-2.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/rc-2.yaml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ethereum:
   chainId: "11155111"
   deployL1ContractsPrivateKey:
   execution:
-    externalHost:
+    externalHosts:
   beacon:
     externalHost:
     apiKey: ""
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-3-validators-with-metrics.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-3-validators-with-metrics.yaml
index eaf8a23978d1..454d735e9087 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-3-validators-with-metrics.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-3-validators-with-metrics.yaml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ethereum:
   validatorKeyIndexStart: 1
   chainId: "11155111"
   execution:
-    externalHost:
+    externalHosts:
   beacon:
     externalHost:
     apiKey:
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-metrics.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-metrics.yaml
index 7a7728fda959..fa9a4bcd1172 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-metrics.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-metrics.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ ethereum:
   chainId: "11155111"
   deployL1ContractsPrivateKey:
   execution:
-    externalHost:
+    externalHosts:
   beacon:
     externalHost:
 
diff --git a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-proving-and-metrics.yaml b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-proving-and-metrics.yaml
index 9f28f252e8f9..812dce55ab4a 100644
--- a/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-proving-and-metrics.yaml
+++ b/spartan/aztec-network/values/sepolia-48-validators-with-proving-and-metrics.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ ethereum:
   chainId: "11155111"
   deployL1ContractsPrivateKey:
   execution:
-    externalHost:
+    externalHosts:
   beacon:
     externalHost:
     apiKey: ""
diff --git a/spartan/releases/README.md b/spartan/releases/README.md
index e9da25a6247a..c206cfec6ba3 100644
--- a/spartan/releases/README.md
+++ b/spartan/releases/README.md
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ To spare you a few keystrokes, you can use `npx aztec-spartan [start/stop/logs/u
 
 The `aztec-spartan.sh` script will set the following required variables on your behalf. You can ofcourse override the variables set by the script by simply changing the `.env` file directly and re-running `./aztec-spartan.sh`
 
-| Variable      | Description                                                                                                                                   |
-| ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| ETHEREUM_HOST | URL to the Ethereum node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
-| BOOTNODE_URL  | URL to a bootnode that supplies L1 contract addresses and the ENR of the bootstrap nodes.                                                     |
-| IMAGE         | The docker image to run                                                                                                                       |
+| Variable       | Description                                                                                                                                   |
+| -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| ETHEREUM_HOSTS | URL to the Ethereum node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
+| BOOTNODE_URL   | URL to a bootnode that supplies L1 contract addresses and the ENR of the bootstrap nodes.                                                     |
+| IMAGE          | The docker image to run                                                                                                                       |
 
 In addition, the user is prompted to enter 1) an IP Address and a P2P port to be used for the TCP and UDP addresses (defaults to 40400) 2) A port for your node (8080) 3) an Ethereum private key 4) `COINBASE` which is the Ethereum address associated with the private key and 5) a path to a local directory to store node data if you don't opt for a named volume.
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The Archiver's primary functions are data storage and retrieval (i.e. L1->L2 mes
 
 | Variable                       | Description                                                                                                                                         |
 | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| ETHEREUM_HOST                  | This is the URL to the L1 node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
+| ETHEREUM_HOSTS                 | This is the URL to the L1 node your validator will connect to. For as long as we're on private networks, please use the value in `aztec-spartan.sh` |
 | L1_CHAIN_ID                    | Chain ID of the L1                                                                                                                                  |
 | DATA_DIRECTORY                 | Optional dir to store archiver and world state data. If omitted will store in memory                                                                |
 | ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS   | The polling interval in ms for retrieving new L2 blocks and encrypted logs                                                                          |
diff --git a/spartan/releases/testnet/aztec-spartan.sh b/spartan/releases/testnet/aztec-spartan.sh
index 6fb5ab0d589f..d3193abab347 100755
--- a/spartan/releases/testnet/aztec-spartan.sh
+++ b/spartan/releases/testnet/aztec-spartan.sh
@@ -18,262 +18,259 @@ DEFAULT_IP=$(curl -s --connect-timeout 5 https://api.ipify.org?format=json | gre
 DEFAULT_BIND_MOUNT_DIR="$HOME/aztec-data"
 
 # unset these to avoid conflicts with the host's environment
-ETHEREUM_HOST=
+ETHEREUM_HOSTS=
 IMAGE=
 BOOTNODE_URL=
 
-
 # Parse command line arguments
 parse_args() {
-    while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
-        case $1 in
-            -b|--bootnode-url)
-                BOOTNODE_URL="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -n|--network)
-                NETWORK="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -i|--image)
-                IMAGE="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -e|--ethereum-host)
-                ETHEREUM_HOST="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -p|--port)
-                CLI_PORT="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -p2p|--p2p-port)
-                CLI_P2P_PORT="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -ip|--ip)
-                CLI_IP="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -k|--key)
-                CLI_KEY="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -d|--data-dir)
-                BIND_MOUNT_DIR="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            -pk|--p2p-id-private-key)
-                PEER_ID_PRIVATE_KEY="$2"
-                shift 2
-                ;;
-            *)
-                shift
-                ;;
-        esac
-    done
+  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case $1 in
+    -b | --bootnode-url)
+      BOOTNODE_URL="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -n | --network)
+      NETWORK="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -i | --image)
+      IMAGE="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -e | --ethereum-hosts)
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -p | --port)
+      CLI_PORT="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -p2p | --p2p-port)
+      CLI_P2P_PORT="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -ip | --ip)
+      CLI_IP="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -k | --key)
+      CLI_KEY="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -d | --data-dir)
+      BIND_MOUNT_DIR="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -pk | --p2p-id-private-key)
+      PEER_ID_PRIVATE_KEY="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    *)
+      shift
+      ;;
+    esac
+  done
 }
 
 # Show banner function
 show_banner() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}"
-    echo "    _    ____ _____ _____ _____  _____ _____ ____ _____ _   _ _____ _____ "
-    echo "   / \  |_  /|_   _| _____|  __/|_   _| ____/ ___|_   _| \ | | ____|_   _|"
-    echo "  / _ \  / /   | | |  _|  | |     | | |  _| \___ \ | | |  \| |  _|   | |  "
-    echo " / ___ \/ /_   | | | |___ | |__   | | | |___ ___) || | | |\  | |___  | |  "
-    echo "/_/   \_\___|  |_| |______|____\  |_| |_____|____/ |_| |_| \_|_____| |_|  "
-    echo -e "${NC}"
+  echo -e "${BLUE}"
+  echo "    _    ____ _____ _____ _____  _____ _____ ____ _____ _   _ _____ _____ "
+  echo "   / \  |_  /|_   _| _____|  __/|_   _| ____/ ___|_   _| \ | | ____|_   _|"
+  echo "  / _ \  / /   | | |  _|  | |     | | |  _| \___ \ | | |  \| |  _|   | |  "
+  echo " / ___ \/ /_   | | | |___ | |__   | | | |___ ___) || | | |\  | |___  | |  "
+  echo "/_/   \_\___|  |_| |______|____\  |_| |_____|____/ |_| |_| \_|_____| |_|  "
+  echo -e "${NC}"
 }
 
 # Check if Docker is installed
 check_docker() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Checking Docker installation...${NC}"
-    if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 && command -v docker compose >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Docker and Docker Compose are installed${NC}"
-        return 0
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Checking Docker installation...${NC}"
+  if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 && command -v docker compose >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Docker and Docker Compose are installed${NC}"
+    return 0
+  else
+    echo -e "${RED}Docker or Docker Compose not found${NC}"
+    # If macOS
+    if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+      echo -e "${YELLOW}macOS detected. Please install Docker Desktop for Mac:${NC}"
+      echo "https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop"
+      return 1
     else
-        echo -e "${RED}Docker or Docker Compose not found${NC}"
-        # If macOS
-        if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
-            echo -e "${YELLOW}macOS detected. Please install Docker Desktop for Mac:${NC}"
-            echo "https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop"
-            return 1
-        else
-            read -p "Would you like to install Docker? [Y/n] " -n 1 -r
-            echo
-            if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] || [[ -z $REPLY ]]; then
-                install_docker
-                return $?
-            fi
-            return 1
-        fi
+      read -p "Would you like to install Docker? [Y/n] " -n 1 -r
+      echo
+      if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] || [[ -z $REPLY ]]; then
+        install_docker
+        return $?
+      fi
+      return 1
     fi
+  fi
 }
 
 # Install Docker
 install_docker() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Installing Docker...${NC}"
-    if curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh; then
-        sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Docker installed successfully${NC}"
-        echo -e "${YELLOW}Please log out and back in for group changes to take effect${NC}"
-        return 0
-    else
-        echo -e "${RED}Failed to install Docker${NC}"
-        return 1
-    fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Installing Docker...${NC}"
+  if curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh; then
+    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Docker installed successfully${NC}"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Please log out and back in for group changes to take effect${NC}"
+    return 0
+  else
+    echo -e "${RED}Failed to install Docker${NC}"
+    return 1
+  fi
 }
 
 # Get public IP
 get_public_ip() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching public IP...${NC}"
-    PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s https://api.ipify.org?format=json | grep -o '"ip":"[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
-    if [ -n "$PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Public IP: $PUBLIC_IP${NC}"
-        return 0
-    else
-        echo -e "${YELLOW}Failed to get public IP${NC}"
-        return 1
-    fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching public IP...${NC}"
+  PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s https://api.ipify.org?format=json | grep -o '"ip":"[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
+  if [ -n "$PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Public IP: $PUBLIC_IP${NC}"
+    return 0
+  else
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Failed to get public IP${NC}"
+    return 1
+  fi
 }
 
 get_node_info() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching node info...${NC}"
-    CMD="get-node-info --node-url ${BOOTNODE_URL} --json"
-    # TODO: use the correct (corresponding) image
-    # Can't do it today because `release/unhinged-unicorn` doesn't support --json flag
-    NODE_INFO=$(curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"node_getNodeInfo","params":[],"id":1}' -s ${BOOTNODE_URL})
-
-    # Extract the relevant fields
-    result=$(echo $NODE_INFO | jq -r '.result')
-    L1_CHAIN_ID=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ChainId')
-    BOOTSTRAP_NODES=$(echo $result | jq -r '.enr')
-    REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.registryAddress')
-    GOVERNANCE_PROPOSER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.governanceProposerAddress')
-    FEE_JUICE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.feeJuiceAddress')
-    ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress')
-    REWARD_DISTRIBUTOR_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.rewardDistributorAddress')
-    GOVERNANCE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.governanceAddress')
-    COIN_ISSUER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.coinIssuerAddress')
-    FEE_JUICE_PORTAL_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.feeJuicePortalAddress')
-    INBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.inboxAddress')
-    OUTBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.outboxAddress')
-
-    echo -e "${GREEN}Node info fetched successfully${NC}"
-    return 0
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching node info...${NC}"
+  CMD="get-node-info --node-url ${BOOTNODE_URL} --json"
+  # TODO: use the correct (corresponding) image
+  # Can't do it today because `release/unhinged-unicorn` doesn't support --json flag
+  NODE_INFO=$(curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"node_getNodeInfo","params":[],"id":1}' -s ${BOOTNODE_URL})
+
+  # Extract the relevant fields
+  result=$(echo $NODE_INFO | jq -r '.result')
+  L1_CHAIN_ID=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ChainId')
+  BOOTSTRAP_NODES=$(echo $result | jq -r '.enr')
+  REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.registryAddress')
+  GOVERNANCE_PROPOSER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.governanceProposerAddress')
+  FEE_JUICE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.feeJuiceAddress')
+  ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress')
+  REWARD_DISTRIBUTOR_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.rewardDistributorAddress')
+  GOVERNANCE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.governanceAddress')
+  COIN_ISSUER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.coinIssuerAddress')
+  FEE_JUICE_PORTAL_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.feeJuicePortalAddress')
+  INBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.inboxAddress')
+  OUTBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=$(echo $result | jq -r '.l1ContractAddresses.outboxAddress')
+
+  echo -e "${GREEN}Node info fetched successfully${NC}"
+  return 0
 }
 
 # Configure environment
 configure_environment() {
-    local args=("$@")
-    parse_args "${args[@]}"
-
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Configuring environment...${NC}"
-    if [ -n "$NETWORK" ]; then
-        NETWORK="$NETWORK"
-    else
-        read -p "Network [unhinged-unicorn]: " NETWORK
-        NETWORK=${NETWORK:-unhinged-unicorn}
-    fi
-
-    # if the network is `unhinged-unicorn`
-    if [ "$NETWORK" = "unhinged-unicorn" ]; then
-        BOOTNODE_URL="${BOOTNODE_URL:-http://34.169.19.201:8080}"
-        ETHEREUM_HOST="${ETHEREUM_HOST:-http://34.82.214.254:8545}"
-        IMAGE="${IMAGE:-aztecprotocol/aztec:unhinged-unicorn}"
-    else
-        # unknown network
-        echo -e "${RED}Unknown network: $NETWORK${NC}"
-    fi
-
-    # Check that bootnode, ethereum host, and image are set
-    if [ -z "$BOOTNODE_URL" ] || [ -z "$ETHEREUM_HOST" ] || [ -z "$IMAGE" ]; then
-        echo -e "${RED}Bootnode, Ethereum host, and image are required${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
-
-    # get the node info
-    get_node_info
-
-
-    if [ -n "$CLI_P2P_PORT" ]; then
-        P2P_PORT="$CLI_P2P_PORT"
-    else
-        read -p "P2P Port [$DEFAULT_P2P_PORT]: " P2P_PORT
-        P2P_PORT=${P2P_PORT:-$DEFAULT_P2P_PORT}
-    fi
-
-    if [ -n "$CLI_PORT" ]; then
-        PORT="$CLI_PORT"
-    else
-        read -p "Node Port [$DEFAULT_PORT]: " PORT
-        PORT=${PORT:-$DEFAULT_PORT}
-    fi
-
-    if [ -n "$CLI_KEY" ]; then
-        KEY="$CLI_KEY"
-    else
-        while true; do
-            read -p "Validator Private Key: " KEY
-            if [ -z "$KEY" ]; then
-                echo -e "${RED}Error: Validator Private Key is required${NC}"
-            else
-                break
-            fi
-        done
-    fi
+  local args=("$@")
+  parse_args "${args[@]}"
+
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Configuring environment...${NC}"
+  if [ -n "$NETWORK" ]; then
+    NETWORK="$NETWORK"
+  else
+    read -p "Network [unhinged-unicorn]: " NETWORK
+    NETWORK=${NETWORK:-unhinged-unicorn}
+  fi
+
+  # if the network is `unhinged-unicorn`
+  if [ "$NETWORK" = "unhinged-unicorn" ]; then
+    BOOTNODE_URL="${BOOTNODE_URL:-http://34.169.19.201:8080}"
+    ETHEREUM_HOSTS="${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-http://34.82.214.254:8545}"
+    IMAGE="${IMAGE:-aztecprotocol/aztec:unhinged-unicorn}"
+  else
+    # unknown network
+    echo -e "${RED}Unknown network: $NETWORK${NC}"
+  fi
+
+  # Check that bootnode, ethereum host, and image are set
+  if [ -z "$BOOTNODE_URL" ] || [ -z "$ETHEREUM_HOSTS" ] || [ -z "$IMAGE" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Bootnode, Ethereum host, and image are required${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # get the node info
+  get_node_info
+
+  if [ -n "$CLI_P2P_PORT" ]; then
+    P2P_PORT="$CLI_P2P_PORT"
+  else
+    read -p "P2P Port [$DEFAULT_P2P_PORT]: " P2P_PORT
+    P2P_PORT=${P2P_PORT:-$DEFAULT_P2P_PORT}
+  fi
+
+  if [ -n "$CLI_PORT" ]; then
+    PORT="$CLI_PORT"
+  else
+    read -p "Node Port [$DEFAULT_PORT]: " PORT
+    PORT=${PORT:-$DEFAULT_PORT}
+  fi
+
+  if [ -n "$CLI_KEY" ]; then
+    KEY="$CLI_KEY"
+  else
+    while true; do
+      read -p "Validator Private Key: " KEY
+      if [ -z "$KEY" ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}Error: Validator Private Key is required${NC}"
+      else
+        break
+      fi
+    done
+  fi
 
-    if [ -n "$CLI_COINBASE" ]; then
+  if [ -n "$CLI_COINBASE" ]; then
     COINBASE="$CLI_COINBASE"
-    else
-        while true; do
-            read -p "Validator Address (Coinbase): " COINBASE
-
-            if [ -z "$COINBASE" ]; then
-                echo -e "${RED}Error: Validator Address (Coinbase) is required${NC}"
-            else
-                if [[ "$COINBASE" =~ ^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$ ]]; then
-                    break
-                else
-                    echo -e "${RED}Error: Invalid COINBASE address. Please enter a valid Ethereum address.${NC}"
-                fi
-            fi
-
-        done
-    fi
-
-    if [ -n "$CLI_IP" ]; then
-        IP="$CLI_IP"
-    else
-        if [ -z "$DEFAULT_IP" ]; then
-            while true; do
-                read -p "Public IP: " IP
-                if [ -z "$IP" ]; then
-                    echo -e "${RED}Error: Public IP is required${NC}"
-                else
-                    break
-                fi
-            done
+  else
+    while true; do
+      read -p "Validator Address (Coinbase): " COINBASE
+
+      if [ -z "$COINBASE" ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}Error: Validator Address (Coinbase) is required${NC}"
+      else
+        if [[ "$COINBASE" =~ ^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$ ]]; then
+          break
         else
-            read -p "Public IP [$DEFAULT_IP]: " IP
-            IP=${IP:-$DEFAULT_IP}
+          echo -e "${RED}Error: Invalid COINBASE address. Please enter a valid Ethereum address.${NC}"
         fi
-    fi
+      fi
 
-    if [ -n "$BIND_MOUNT_DIR" ]; then
-        BIND_MOUNT_DIR="$BIND_MOUNT_DIR"
-    else
-        read -p "Use docker volume for data directory? [Y/n] " -n 1 -r
-        echo
-        if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Nn]$ ]]; then
-            read -p "Relative path for data directory [${DEFAULT_BIND_MOUNT_DIR}]: " BIND_MOUNT_DIR
-            BIND_MOUNT_DIR=${BIND_MOUNT_DIR:-$DEFAULT_BIND_MOUNT_DIR}
+    done
+  fi
+
+  if [ -n "$CLI_IP" ]; then
+    IP="$CLI_IP"
+  else
+    if [ -z "$DEFAULT_IP" ]; then
+      while true; do
+        read -p "Public IP: " IP
+        if [ -z "$IP" ]; then
+          echo -e "${RED}Error: Public IP is required${NC}"
+        else
+          break
         fi
+      done
+    else
+      read -p "Public IP [$DEFAULT_IP]: " IP
+      IP=${IP:-$DEFAULT_IP}
     fi
+  fi
+
+  if [ -n "$BIND_MOUNT_DIR" ]; then
+    BIND_MOUNT_DIR="$BIND_MOUNT_DIR"
+  else
+    read -p "Use docker volume for data directory? [Y/n] " -n 1 -r
+    echo
+    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Nn]$ ]]; then
+      read -p "Relative path for data directory [${DEFAULT_BIND_MOUNT_DIR}]: " BIND_MOUNT_DIR
+      BIND_MOUNT_DIR=${BIND_MOUNT_DIR:-$DEFAULT_BIND_MOUNT_DIR}
+    fi
+  fi
 
-
-    # Generate .env file
-    cat > .env << EOF
+  # Generate .env file
+  cat >.env <<EOF
 P2P_UDP_ANNOUNCE_ADDR=${IP}:${P2P_PORT}
 P2P_TCP_ANNOUNCE_ADDR=${IP}:${P2P_PORT}
 VALIDATOR_DISABLED=false
@@ -289,9 +286,11 @@ PROVER_REAL_PROOFS=true
 PXE_PROVER_ENABLED=true
 ETHEREUM_SLOT_DURATION=12sec
 AZTEC_SLOT_DURATION=36
+AZTEC_EPOCH_DURATION=48
+AZTEC_EPOCH_PROOF_CLAIM_WINDOW_IN_L2_SLOTS=13
+ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS}
 AZTEC_EPOCH_DURATION=32
 AZTEC_PROOF_SUBMISSION_WINDOW=64
-ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST}
 BOOTSTRAP_NODES=${BOOTSTRAP_NODES}
 REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=${REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS}
 GOVERNANCE_PROPOSER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS=${GOVERNANCE_PROPOSER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS}
@@ -310,8 +309,8 @@ PEER_ID_PRIVATE_KEY=${PEER_ID_PRIVATE_KEY}
 COINBASE=${COINBASE}
 EOF
 
-    # Generate docker-compose.yml
-    cat > docker-compose.yml << EOF
+  # Generate docker-compose.yml
+  cat >docker-compose.yml <<EOF
 services:
     validator:
         network_mode: host
@@ -327,95 +326,95 @@ services:
             node --no-warnings /usr/src/yarn-project/aztec/dest/bin/index.js start --node --archiver --sequencer'
 EOF
 
-    # Add volume configuration based on user choice
-    if [ -n "$BIND_MOUNT_DIR" ]; then
-        cat >> docker-compose.yml << EOF
+  # Add volume configuration based on user choice
+  if [ -n "$BIND_MOUNT_DIR" ]; then
+    cat >>docker-compose.yml <<EOF
         volumes:
             - ${BIND_MOUNT_DIR}:/var/lib/aztec
 EOF
-    else
-        cat >> docker-compose.yml << EOF
+  else
+    cat >>docker-compose.yml <<EOF
         volumes:
             - aztec_data:/var/lib/aztec
 
 volumes:
     aztec_data:
 EOF
-    fi
+  fi
 
-    echo -e "${GREEN}Configuration complete! Use './aztec-spartan.sh start' to launch your node.${NC}"
+  echo -e "${GREEN}Configuration complete! Use './aztec-spartan.sh start' to launch your node.${NC}"
 }
 
 # Docker commands
 start_node() {
-    if [ ! -f "docker-compose.yml" ]; then
-        echo -e "${RED}Configuration not found. Please run './aztec-spartan.sh config' first.${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Starting containers...${NC}"
-    if docker compose up -d; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Containers started successfully${NC}"
-    else
-        echo -e "${RED}Failed to start containers${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
+  if [ ! -f "docker-compose.yml" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Configuration not found. Please run './aztec-spartan.sh config' first.${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Starting containers...${NC}"
+  if docker compose up -d; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Containers started successfully${NC}"
+  else
+    echo -e "${RED}Failed to start containers${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
 }
 
 stop_node() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Stopping containers...${NC}"
-    if docker compose down; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Containers stopped successfully${NC}"
-    else
-        echo -e "${RED}Failed to stop containers${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Stopping containers...${NC}"
+  if docker compose down; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Containers stopped successfully${NC}"
+  else
+    echo -e "${RED}Failed to stop containers${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
 }
 
 update_node() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Pulling latest images...${NC}"
-    if docker compose pull; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}Images updated successfully${NC}"
-    else
-        echo -e "${RED}Failed to update images${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Pulling latest images...${NC}"
+  if docker compose pull; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Images updated successfully${NC}"
+  else
+    echo -e "${RED}Failed to update images${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
 }
 
 show_logs() {
-    echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching logs...${NC}"
-    if ! docker compose logs -f; then
-        echo -e "${RED}Failed to fetch logs${NC}"
-        exit 1
-    fi
+  echo -e "${BLUE}Fetching logs...${NC}"
+  if ! docker compose logs -f; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Failed to fetch logs${NC}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
 }
 
 # Main script
 case "$1" in
-    "config")
-        show_banner
-        check_docker
-        configure_environment "$@"
-        ;;
-    "start")
-        start_node
-        ;;
-    "stop")
-        stop_node
-        ;;
-    "update")
-        update_node
-        ;;
-    "logs")
-        show_logs
-        ;;
-    *)
-        echo "Usage: $0 {config|start|stop|update|logs}"
-        echo "Commands:"
-        echo "  config   - Install and configure Aztec Testnet node"
-        echo "  start   - Start Aztec Testnet node"
-        echo "  stop    - Stop Aztec Testnet node"
-        echo "  update  - Update Aztec Testnet node images"
-        echo "  logs    - Show Aztec Testnet node logs"
-        exit 1
-        ;;
+"config")
+  show_banner
+  check_docker
+  configure_environment "$@"
+  ;;
+"start")
+  start_node
+  ;;
+"stop")
+  stop_node
+  ;;
+"update")
+  update_node
+  ;;
+"logs")
+  show_logs
+  ;;
+*)
+  echo "Usage: $0 {config|start|stop|update|logs}"
+  echo "Commands:"
+  echo "  config   - Install and configure Aztec Testnet node"
+  echo "  start   - Start Aztec Testnet node"
+  echo "  stop    - Stop Aztec Testnet node"
+  echo "  update  - Update Aztec Testnet node images"
+  echo "  logs    - Show Aztec Testnet node logs"
+  exit 1
+  ;;
 esac
diff --git a/spartan/scripts/deploy_kind.sh b/spartan/scripts/deploy_kind.sh
index 8e380576533a..7a4a572cb2f4 100755
--- a/spartan/scripts/deploy_kind.sh
+++ b/spartan/scripts/deploy_kind.sh
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ function generate_overrides {
   local overrides="$1"
   if [ -n "$overrides" ]; then
     # Split the comma-separated string into an array and generate --set arguments
-    IFS=',' read -ra OVERRIDE_ARRAY <<< "$overrides"
+    IFS=',' read -ra OVERRIDE_ARRAY <<<"$overrides"
     for override in "${OVERRIDE_ARRAY[@]}"; do
       echo "--set $override"
     done
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ helm_set_args=(
 # If this is a sepolia run, we need to write some values
 if [ "$sepolia_deployment" = "true" ]; then
   helm_set_args+=(
-    --set ethereum.execution.externalHost="$EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST"
+    --set ethereum.execution.externalHosts="$EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS"
     --set ethereum.beacon.externalHost="$EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_CONSENSUS_HOST"
     --set aztec.l1DeploymentMnemonic="$L1_ACCOUNTS_MNEMONIC"
     --set ethereum.deployL1ContractsPrivateKey="$L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY"
diff --git a/spartan/scripts/post_deploy_spartan.sh b/spartan/scripts/post_deploy_spartan.sh
index 21c89f8f3178..024596641e1a 100755
--- a/spartan/scripts/post_deploy_spartan.sh
+++ b/spartan/scripts/post_deploy_spartan.sh
@@ -22,21 +22,20 @@ function get_load_balancer_url() {
   kubectl get svc -n $namespace -o jsonpath="{.items[?(@.metadata.name=='$service_name')].status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}"
 }
 
-
 # Fetch the service URLs based on the namespace for injection in the test-transfer.sh
 export BOOTNODE_URL=$($(dirname $0)/get_service_address boot-node 8080)
 export PXE_URL=$($(dirname $0)/get_service_address pxe 8080)
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=$($(dirname $0)/get_service_address eth-execution 8545)
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=$($(dirname $0)/get_service_address eth-execution 8545)
 
 echo "BOOTNODE_URL: $BOOTNODE_URL"
 echo "PXE_URL: $PXE_URL"
-echo "ETHEREUM_HOST: $ETHEREUM_HOST"
+echo "ETHEREUM_HOSTS: $ETHEREUM_HOSTS"
 
 echo "Bootstrapping contracts for test network. NOTE: This took one hour last run."
 
 docker run aztecprotocol/aztec:$TAG bootstrap-network \
   --rpc-url $BOOTNODE_URL \
-  --l1-rpc-url $ETHEREUM_HOST \
+  --l1-rpc-urls $ETHEREUM_HOSTS \
   --l1-chain-id 1337 \
   --l1-private-key 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80 \
   --json | tee ./basic_contracts.json
diff --git a/spartan/scripts/test_kind.sh b/spartan/scripts/test_kind.sh
index b9a1ebc18265..173cb4c4ccec 100755
--- a/spartan/scripts/test_kind.sh
+++ b/spartan/scripts/test_kind.sh
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ trap cleanup SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
 stern_pid=""
 function copy_stern_to_log {
   # Start stern in a subshell, capture its PID, and pipe output to cache_log so it is uploaded
-  stern spartan -n "$namespace" > "logs/kind-$namespace.log" &>/dev/null &
+  stern spartan -n "$namespace" >"logs/kind-$namespace.log" &>/dev/null &
   stern_pid=$!
 }
 
diff --git a/spartan/scripts/test_spartan.sh b/spartan/scripts/test_spartan.sh
index 7154aeb01def..03588ac86865 100755
--- a/spartan/scripts/test_spartan.sh
+++ b/spartan/scripts/test_spartan.sh
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ function get_load_balancer_url() {
 # Fetch the service URLs based on the namespace for injection in the test-transfer.sh
 export BOOTNODE_URL=http://$(get_load_balancer_url $NAMESPACE "$NAMESPACE-aztec-network-boot-node-lb-tcp"):8080
 export PXE_URL=http://$(get_load_balancer_url $NAMESPACE "$NAMESPACE-aztec-network-pxe-lb"):8080
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=http://$(get_load_balancer_url $NAMESPACE "$NAMESPACE-aztec-network-ethereum-lb"):8545
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=http://$(get_load_balancer_url $NAMESPACE "$NAMESPACE-aztec-network-ethereum-lb"):8545
 
 echo "BOOTNODE_URL: $BOOTNODE_URL"
 echo "PXE_URL: $PXE_URL"
-echo "ETHEREUM_HOST: $ETHEREUM_HOST"
+echo "ETHEREUM_HOSTS: $ETHEREUM_HOSTS"
 
 # hack to ensure L2 contracts are considered deployed
 touch $SCRIPT_DIR/../../yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l2-contracts.env
diff --git a/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/main.tf b/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/main.tf
index 9e3362f57bde..77a8a0b6e312 100644
--- a/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/main.tf
+++ b/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/main.tf
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ resource "helm_release" "aztec-gke-cluster" {
   }
 
   dynamic "set" {
-    for_each = var.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST != "" ? toset(["iterate"]) : toset([])
+    for_each = var.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS != "" ? toset(["iterate"]) : toset([])
     content {
-      name  = "ethereum.execution.externalHost"
-      value = var.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST
+      name  = "ethereum.execution.externalHosts"
+      value = var.EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/variables.tf b/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/variables.tf
index 616835e478b5..e6854b4a2f0e 100644
--- a/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/variables.tf
+++ b/spartan/terraform/deploy-release/variables.tf
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ variable "L1_DEPLOYMENT_PRIVATE_KEY" {
   default     = ""
 }
 
-variable "EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOST" {
+variable "EXTERNAL_ETHEREUM_HOSTS" {
   description = "External host to use for the ethereum node"
   type        = string
   default     = ""
diff --git a/spartan/terraform/multicloud-deploy/main.tf b/spartan/terraform/multicloud-deploy/main.tf
index 340a20a00941..56d4909f1c54 100644
--- a/spartan/terraform/multicloud-deploy/main.tf
+++ b/spartan/terraform/multicloud-deploy/main.tf
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ resource "helm_release" "aztec-gke-cluster" {
 
   # pointing Google Cloud provers to nodes in AWS
   set {
-    name  = "ethereum.execution.externalHost"
+    name  = "ethereum.execution.externalHosts"
     value = data.kubernetes_service.lb_ethereum_tcp.status.0.load_balancer.0.ingress.0.hostname
   }
 
diff --git a/spartan/testnet-runbook.md b/spartan/testnet-runbook.md
index f9b7dbc45582..ab9314c570ad 100644
--- a/spartan/testnet-runbook.md
+++ b/spartan/testnet-runbook.md
@@ -53,11 +53,13 @@ Deployments are initiated from CI by manually running the (_name pending_) workf
 After public testnet deployment, perform these sanity checks (these items can also be script automated):
 
 1. Monitor for crashes and network-level health:
+
    - Review the testnet dashboard at `https://grafana.aztec.network/` to confirm node uptime and block production
    - Verify overall TPS performance
    - Create Github issues for new crash scenarios
 
 2. Spot check pod logs for component health:
+
    - Tx gossiping (Bot: `Generated IVC proof`)
    - Peer discovery (Validator (failure case): `Failed FINDNODE request`)
    - Block proposal (Validator: `Can propose block`)
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ After public testnet deployment, perform these sanity checks (these items can al
 After a successful sanity check, share the following network connection information in the `#team-alpha` slack channel:
 
 1. AZTEC_IMAGE (`aztecprotocol/aztec:latest`)
-2. ETHEREUM_HOST (Kubernetes: `kubectl get services -n <namespace> | (head -1; grep ethereum)`)
+2. ETHEREUM_HOSTS (Kubernetes: `kubectl get services -n <namespace> | (head -1; grep ethereum)`)
    - ethereum-lb: `<EXTERNAL-IP>:8545`
 3. BOOT_NODE_URL (Kubernetes: `kubectl get services -n <namespace> | (head -3; grep boot)`)
    - boot-node-lb-tcp: `<EXTERNAL-IP>:40400`
@@ -88,16 +90,16 @@ The following items are a shortlist of support items that may be required either
 
 ### Issue Resolution Matrix
 
-| Event | Action | Criticality | Owner(s) |
-|-------|---------|------------|-----------|
-| Build failure | Rerun CI or revert problematic changes | Blocker |  |
-| Deployment issues | Reference deployment `README` or escalate to Delta Team | Blocker | Delta Team |
-| Network instability* | Create detailed issue report for Alpha team | Blocker | Alpha Team |
-| Challenge completion errors | Document issue and assess challenge viability | Major | Product Team |
-| Minor operational issues | Create tracking issue | Minor | Delta Team |
-| Hotfix deployment | Update public testnet and verify fix | Major | Delta Team |
+| Event                       | Action                                                  | Criticality | Owner(s)     |
+| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------------ |
+| Build failure               | Rerun CI or revert problematic changes                  | Blocker     |              |
+| Deployment issues           | Reference deployment `README` or escalate to Delta Team | Blocker     | Delta Team   |
+| Network instability\*       | Create detailed issue report for Alpha team             | Blocker     | Alpha Team   |
+| Challenge completion errors | Document issue and assess challenge viability           | Major       | Product Team |
+| Minor operational issues    | Create tracking issue                                   | Minor       | Delta Team   |
+| Hotfix deployment           | Update public testnet and verify fix                    | Major       | Delta Team   |
 
-_*Defining Network Instability:_
+_\*Defining Network Instability:_
 
 A public testnet is considered unstable if experiencing any of the following:
 
@@ -111,9 +113,9 @@ A public testnet is considered unstable if experiencing any of the following:
 
 ### Release Support Matrix
 
-| Event | Action | Criticality | Owner(s) |
-|-------|---------|------------|-----------|
-| Challenge completion issues | Provide guidance or create issue | Minor | DevRel Team |
-| Node stability issues | Collect logs and create issue | Major | Delta Team |
-| Network-wide problems | Escalate to Delta team | Critical | Alpha/Delta Teams |
-| Bridge/Contract issues | Investigate and escalate if needed | Critical | Alpha Team |
+| Event                       | Action                             | Criticality | Owner(s)          |
+| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------- | ----------------- |
+| Challenge completion issues | Provide guidance or create issue   | Minor       | DevRel Team       |
+| Node stability issues       | Collect logs and create issue      | Major       | Delta Team        |
+| Network-wide problems       | Escalate to Delta team             | Critical    | Alpha/Delta Teams |
+| Bridge/Contract issues      | Investigate and escalate if needed | Critical    | Alpha Team        |
diff --git a/yarn-project/archiver/README.md b/yarn-project/archiver/README.md
index 86f67911346f..aec8d95bc0d7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/archiver/README.md
+++ b/yarn-project/archiver/README.md
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ The interfaces defining how the data can be consumed from the archiver are `L2Bl
 To install dependencies and build the package run `yarn install` followed by `yarn build`.
 To run test execute `yarn test`.
 
-To start the service export `ETHEREUM_HOST` (defaults to `http://127.0.0.1:8545/`), `ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS` (defaults to `1000 ms`), `ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS`, `INBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS` environmental variables and start the service with `yarn start`.
+To start the service export `ETHEREUM_HOSTS` (defaults to `http://127.0.0.1:8545/`), `ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS` (defaults to `1000 ms`), `ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS`, `INBOX_CONTRACT_ADDRESS` environmental variables and start the service with `yarn start`.
diff --git a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.test.ts b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.test.ts
index 80f069ea7ad0..3794d0a727c2 100644
--- a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Blob } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import type { BlobSinkClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-sink/client';
 import { GENESIS_ARCHIVE_ROOT } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { DefaultL1ContractsConfig } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { DefaultL1ContractsConfig, type ViemPublicClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -15,15 +15,7 @@ import { getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import { jest } from '@jest/globals';
 import { type MockProxy, mock } from 'jest-mock-extended';
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type Log,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type Transaction,
-  encodeFunctionData,
-  toHex,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type Log, type Transaction, encodeFunctionData, toHex } from 'viem';
 
 import { Archiver } from './archiver.js';
 import type { ArchiverDataStore } from './archiver_store.js';
@@ -69,7 +61,7 @@ describe('Archiver', () => {
       .map((_, i) => getNumPrivateLogsForTx(i, blockNumber))
       .reduce((accum, num) => accum + num, 0);
 
-  let publicClient: MockProxy<PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  let publicClient: MockProxy<ViemPublicClient>;
   let instrumentation: MockProxy<ArchiverInstrumentation>;
   let blobSinkClient: MockProxy<BlobSinkClientInterface>;
   let archiverStore: ArchiverDataStore;
@@ -102,7 +94,7 @@ describe('Archiver', () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     logger = createLogger('archiver:test');
     now = +new Date();
-    publicClient = mock<PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>({
+    publicClient = mock<ViemPublicClient>({
       // Return a block with a reasonable timestamp
       getBlock: ((args: any) => ({
         timestamp: args.blockNumber * BigInt(DefaultL1ContractsConfig.ethereumSlotDuration) + BigInt(now),
diff --git a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.ts b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.ts
index 3cb22057affb..f3e5c3c681b4 100644
--- a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/archiver.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { BlobSinkClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-sink/client';
-import { createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -45,15 +45,7 @@ import { type BlockHeader, TxEffect, TxHash, TxReceipt } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx'
 import { Attributes, type TelemetryClient, type Traceable, type Tracer, trackSpan } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import groupBy from 'lodash.groupby';
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  createPublicClient,
-  getContract,
-  http,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, createPublicClient, fallback, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 
 import type { ArchiverDataStore, ArchiverL1SynchPoint } from './archiver_store.js';
 import type { ArchiverConfig } from './config.js';
@@ -83,8 +75,8 @@ export class Archiver implements ArchiveSource, Traceable {
    */
   private runningPromise?: RunningPromise;
 
-  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
-  private inbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof InboxAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
+  private inbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof InboxAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
   private store: ArchiverStoreHelper;
 
@@ -104,7 +96,7 @@ export class Archiver implements ArchiveSource, Traceable {
    * @param log - A logger.
    */
   constructor(
-    private readonly publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+    private readonly publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     private readonly l1Addresses: { rollupAddress: EthAddress; inboxAddress: EthAddress; registryAddress: EthAddress },
     readonly dataStore: ArchiverDataStore,
     private readonly config: { pollingIntervalMs: number; batchSize: number },
@@ -142,10 +134,10 @@ export class Archiver implements ArchiveSource, Traceable {
     deps: { telemetry: TelemetryClient; blobSinkClient: BlobSinkClientInterface },
     blockUntilSynced = true,
   ): Promise<Archiver> {
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
     const publicClient = createPublicClient({
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback(config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
       pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
     });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/data_retrieval.ts b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/data_retrieval.ts
index 52c4bb243467..ef01234607b4 100644
--- a/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/data_retrieval.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/archiver/src/archiver/data_retrieval.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Blob, BlobDeserializationError } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import type { BlobSinkClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-sink/client';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { asyncPool } from '@aztec/foundation/async-pool';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { ViemSignature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
@@ -14,12 +15,9 @@ import { AppendOnlyTreeSnapshot } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
 import { BlockHeader } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
 import {
-  type Chain,
   type GetContractEventsReturnType,
   type GetContractReturnType,
   type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
   decodeFunctionData,
   getAbiItem,
   hexToBytes,
@@ -39,8 +37,8 @@ import type { L1Published, L1PublishedData } from './structs/published.js';
  * @returns An array of block; as well as the next eth block to search from.
  */
 export async function retrieveBlocksFromRollup(
-  rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>,
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   blobSinkClient: BlobSinkClientInterface,
   searchStartBlock: bigint,
   searchEndBlock: bigint,
@@ -93,8 +91,8 @@ export async function retrieveBlocksFromRollup(
  * @returns - An array blocks.
  */
 export async function processL2BlockProposedLogs(
-  rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>,
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   blobSinkClient: BlobSinkClientInterface,
   logs: GetContractEventsReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, 'L2BlockProposed'>,
   logger: Logger,
@@ -136,7 +134,7 @@ export async function processL2BlockProposedLogs(
   return retrievedBlocks;
 }
 
-export async function getL1BlockTime(publicClient: PublicClient, blockNumber: bigint): Promise<bigint> {
+export async function getL1BlockTime(publicClient: ViemPublicClient, blockNumber: bigint): Promise<bigint> {
   const block = await publicClient.getBlock({ blockNumber, includeTransactions: false });
   return block.timestamp;
 }
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ function extractRollupProposeCalldata(forwarderData: Hex, rollupAddress: Hex): H
  * @returns L2 block from the calldata, deserialized
  */
 async function getBlockFromRollupTx(
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   blobSinkClient: BlobSinkClientInterface,
   txHash: `0x${string}`,
   blobHashes: Buffer[], // WORKTODO(md): buffer32?
@@ -311,7 +309,7 @@ async function getBlockFromRollupTx(
  * @returns An array of InboxLeaf and next eth block to search from.
  */
 export async function retrieveL1ToL2Messages(
-  inbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof InboxAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>,
+  inbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof InboxAbi, ViemPublicClient>,
   searchStartBlock: bigint,
   searchEndBlock: bigint,
 ): Promise<DataRetrieval<InboxLeaf>> {
@@ -348,7 +346,7 @@ export async function retrieveL1ToL2Messages(
 
 /** Retrieves L2ProofVerified events from the rollup contract. */
 export async function retrieveL2ProofVerifiedEvents(
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   rollupAddress: EthAddress,
   searchStartBlock: bigint,
   searchEndBlock?: bigint,
@@ -371,7 +369,7 @@ export async function retrieveL2ProofVerifiedEvents(
 
 /** Retrieve submitted proofs from the rollup contract */
 export async function retrieveL2ProofsFromRollup(
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   rollupAddress: EthAddress,
   searchStartBlock: bigint,
   searchEndBlock?: bigint,
@@ -407,7 +405,7 @@ export type SubmitBlockProof = {
  * @returns L2 block metadata (header and archive) from the calldata, deserialized
  */
 export async function getProofFromSubmitProofTx(
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   txHash: `0x${string}`,
   expectedProverId: Fr,
 ): Promise<SubmitBlockProof> {
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec-faucet/src/faucet.ts b/yarn-project/aztec-faucet/src/faucet.ts
index d762f739ec1b..f4c9eaa8843a 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec-faucet/src/faucet.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec-faucet/src/faucet.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, type ViemWalletClient, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { TestERC20Abi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import {
   type GetContractReturnType,
   type HttpTransport,
   type LocalAccount,
-  type PublicClient,
-  http as ViemHttp,
   type WalletClient,
   createPublicClient,
   createWalletClient,
+  fallback,
   getContract,
   parseEther,
+  http as viemHttp,
 } from 'viem';
 import { mnemonicToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ type L1Asset = {
 };
 
 export class Faucet {
-  private walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-  private publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  private walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+  private publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
 
   private dripHistory = new Map<string, Map<string, number>>();
   private l1Assets = new Map<string, L1Asset>();
@@ -39,17 +39,17 @@ export class Faucet {
     private timeFn: () => number = Date.now,
     private log = createLogger('aztec:faucet'),
   ) {
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
 
     this.walletClient = createWalletClient({
       account: this.account,
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: ViemHttp(chain.rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback(chain.rpcUrls.map(url => viemHttp(url))),
     });
 
     this.publicClient = createPublicClient({
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: ViemHttp(chain.rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback(chain.rpcUrls.map(url => viemHttp(url))),
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec-node/src/aztec-node/server.ts b/yarn-project/aztec-node/src/aztec-node/server.ts
index 571b70da45ed..f2a9e02b9a53 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec-node/src/aztec-node/server.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec-node/src/aztec-node/server.ts
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ export class AztecNodeService implements AztecNode, Traceable {
     const log = deps.logger ?? createLogger('node');
     const dateProvider = deps.dateProvider ?? new DateProvider();
     const blobSinkClient = deps.blobSinkClient ?? createBlobSinkClient(config);
-    const ethereumChain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+    const ethereumChain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
     //validate that the actual chain id matches that specified in configuration
     if (config.l1ChainId !== ethereumChain.chainInfo.id) {
       throw new Error(
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/cheat_codes.ts b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/cheat_codes.ts
index 0354c077032e..eecb51dfba42 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/cheat_codes.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/cheat_codes.ts
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ export class CheatCodes {
     public rollup: RollupCheatCodes,
   ) {}
 
-  static async create(rpcUrl: string, pxe: PXE): Promise<CheatCodes> {
-    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl);
+  static async create(rpcUrls: string[], pxe: PXE): Promise<CheatCodes> {
+    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrls);
     const aztecCheatCodes = new AztecCheatCodes(pxe);
     const rollupCheatCodes = new RollupCheatCodes(
       ethCheatCodes,
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ export class CheatCodes {
     return new CheatCodes(ethCheatCodes, aztecCheatCodes, rollupCheatCodes);
   }
 
-  static createRollup(rpcUrl: string, addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'rollupAddress'>): RollupCheatCodes {
-    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl);
+  static createRollup(rpcUrls: string[], addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'rollupAddress'>): RollupCheatCodes {
+    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrls);
     return new RollupCheatCodes(ethCheatCodes, addresses);
   }
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/anvil_test_watcher.ts b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/anvil_test_watcher.ts
index 76bbf4a3ca98..5b06b45c1cff 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/anvil_test_watcher.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/anvil_test_watcher.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { EthCheatCodes } from '@aztec/ethereum/eth-cheatcodes';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -5,8 +6,7 @@ import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 import type { TestDateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import { type GetContractReturnType, type HttpTransport, type PublicClient, getAddress, getContract } from 'viem';
-import type * as chains from 'viem/chains';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, getAddress, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import { RollupCheatCodes } from './cheat_codes.js';
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import { RollupCheatCodes } from './cheat_codes.js';
 export class AnvilTestWatcher {
   private isSandbox: boolean = false;
 
-  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, chains.Chain>>;
+  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
   private rollupCheatCodes: RollupCheatCodes;
 
   private filledRunningPromise?: RunningPromise;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export class AnvilTestWatcher {
   constructor(
     private cheatcodes: EthCheatCodes,
     rollupAddress: EthAddress,
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, chains.Chain>,
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     private dateProvider?: TestDateProvider,
   ) {
     this.rollup = getContract({
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/cheat_codes.ts b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/cheat_codes.ts
index 1bb16e11ff01..fec9b4729fee 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/cheat_codes.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/cheat_codes.ts
@@ -1,33 +1,27 @@
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { EthCheatCodes } from '@aztec/ethereum/eth-cheatcodes';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '@aztec/ethereum/l1-contract-addresses';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import {
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  createWalletClient,
-  getContract,
-  http,
-  keccak256,
-  publicActions,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, createPublicClient, fallback, getContract, http, keccak256 } from 'viem';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
 export { EthCheatCodes };
 
 /** Cheat codes for the L1 rollup contract. */
 export class RollupCheatCodes {
-  private client: WalletClient & PublicClient;
-  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, WalletClient>;
+  private client: ViemPublicClient;
+  private rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
   private logger = createLogger('aztecjs:cheat_codes');
 
   constructor(private ethCheatCodes: EthCheatCodes, addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'rollupAddress'>) {
-    this.client = createWalletClient({ chain: foundry, transport: http(ethCheatCodes.rpcUrl) }).extend(publicActions);
+    this.client = createPublicClient({
+      chain: foundry,
+      transport: fallback(ethCheatCodes.rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
+    });
     this.rollup = getContract({
       abi: RollupAbi,
       address: addresses.rollupAddress.toString(),
@@ -149,7 +143,7 @@ export class RollupCheatCodes {
    * @param action - The action to execute
    */
   public async asOwner(
-    action: (owner: Hex, rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, WalletClient>) => Promise<void>,
+    action: (owner: Hex, rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>) => Promise<void>,
   ) {
     const owner = await this.rollup.read.owner();
     await this.ethCheatCodes.startImpersonating(owner);
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/index.ts b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/index.ts
index 34b7d88fa0f8..f99e90e89197 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/index.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/index.ts
@@ -12,4 +12,8 @@ export { getL1ContractAddresses } from './l1_contracts.js';
 export { RollupCheatCodes, EthCheatCodes } from './cheat_codes.js';
 export { ChainMonitor } from './chain_monitor.js';
 export { AnvilTestWatcher } from './anvil_test_watcher.js';
-export { deployL1Contract, deployL1Contracts, type DeployL1Contracts } from '@aztec/ethereum/deploy-l1-contracts';
+export {
+  deployL1Contract,
+  deployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
+} from '@aztec/ethereum/deploy-l1-contracts';
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/portal_manager.ts b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/portal_manager.ts
index 1f516525f28c..368c7411165e 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/portal_manager.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec.js/src/api/ethereum/portal_manager.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { extractEvent } from '@aztec/ethereum/utils';
 import { sha256ToField } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
@@ -9,17 +10,7 @@ import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import { computeSecretHash } from '@aztec/stdlib/hash';
 import type { PXE } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
 
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  getContract,
-  toFunctionSelector,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, getContract, toFunctionSelector } from 'viem';
 
 // docs:start:claim_type
 // docs:start:claim_type_amount
@@ -60,13 +51,13 @@ export async function generateClaimSecret(logger?: Logger): Promise<[Fr, Fr]> {
 
 /** Helper for managing an ERC20 on L1. */
 export class L1TokenManager {
-  private contract: GetContractReturnType<typeof TestERC20Abi, WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>>;
+  private contract: GetContractReturnType<typeof TestERC20Abi, ViemWalletClient>;
 
   public constructor(
     /** Address of the ERC20 contract. */
     public readonly address: EthAddress,
-    private publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    private walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    private publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    private walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     private logger: Logger,
   ) {
     this.contract = getContract({
@@ -114,16 +105,13 @@ export class L1TokenManager {
 /** Helper for interacting with the FeeJuicePortal on L1. */
 export class L1FeeJuicePortalManager {
   private readonly tokenManager: L1TokenManager;
-  private readonly contract: GetContractReturnType<
-    typeof FeeJuicePortalAbi,
-    WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>
-  >;
+  private readonly contract: GetContractReturnType<typeof FeeJuicePortalAbi, ViemWalletClient>;
 
   constructor(
     portalAddress: EthAddress,
     tokenAddress: EthAddress,
-    private readonly publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    private readonly walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    private readonly publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    private readonly walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     private readonly logger: Logger,
   ) {
     this.tokenManager = new L1TokenManager(tokenAddress, publicClient, walletClient, logger);
@@ -194,8 +182,8 @@ export class L1FeeJuicePortalManager {
    */
   public static async new(
     pxe: PXE,
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     logger: Logger,
   ): Promise<L1FeeJuicePortalManager> {
     const {
@@ -212,14 +200,14 @@ export class L1FeeJuicePortalManager {
 
 /** Helper for interacting with a test TokenPortal on L1 for sending tokens to L2. */
 export class L1ToL2TokenPortalManager {
-  protected readonly portal: GetContractReturnType<typeof TokenPortalAbi, WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>>;
+  protected readonly portal: GetContractReturnType<typeof TokenPortalAbi, ViemWalletClient>;
   protected readonly tokenManager: L1TokenManager;
 
   constructor(
     portalAddress: EthAddress,
     tokenAddress: EthAddress,
-    protected publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    protected walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    protected publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    protected walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     protected logger: Logger,
   ) {
     this.tokenManager = new L1TokenManager(tokenAddress, publicClient, walletClient, logger);
@@ -330,14 +318,14 @@ export class L1ToL2TokenPortalManager {
 
 /** Helper for interacting with a test TokenPortal on L1 for both withdrawing from and bridging to L2. */
 export class L1TokenPortalManager extends L1ToL2TokenPortalManager {
-  private readonly outbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof OutboxAbi, WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>>;
+  private readonly outbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof OutboxAbi, ViemWalletClient>;
 
   constructor(
     portalAddress: EthAddress,
     tokenAddress: EthAddress,
     outboxAddress: EthAddress,
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     logger: Logger,
   ) {
     super(portalAddress, tokenAddress, publicClient, walletClient, logger);
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/README.md b/yarn-project/aztec/README.md
index 2c01123c7b4c..eb6ab3968ba7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/README.md
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/README.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ You can also run it as a standalone node server with:
 yarn start
 ```
 
-It will look for a local Ethereum RPC to talk to but you can change this with the `ETHEREUM_HOST` environment variable.
+It will look for a local Ethereum RPC to talk to but you can change this with the `ETHEREUM_HOSTS` environment variable.
 
 ## Examples
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/docker-compose.yml b/yarn-project/aztec/docker-compose.yml
index 086ad2a8d4e4..f0745a1e1533 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/docker-compose.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: # Loaded from the user shell if explicitly set
       HOST_WORKDIR: '${PWD}' # Loaded from the user shell to show log files absolute path in host
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://ethereum:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://ethereum:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 50
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/package.json b/yarn-project/aztec/package.json
index 3a6ae2fcb332..b079e7cb09fc 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/package.json
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/package.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     "build": "yarn clean && tsc -b",
     "start": "node --no-warnings ./dest/bin",
     "start:debug": "node --inspect=0.0.0.0:9221 --no-warnings ./dest/bin",
-    "start:sandbox": "ETHEREUM_HOST=http://0.0.0.0:8545/ && yarn start start --sandbox",
+    "start:sandbox": "ETHEREUM_HOSTS=http://0.0.0.0:8545/ && yarn start start --sandbox",
     "clean": "rm -rf ./dest .tsbuildinfo",
     "formatting": "run -T prettier --check ./src && run -T eslint ./src",
     "formatting:fix": "run -T eslint --fix ./src && run -T prettier -w ./src",
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_action.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_action.ts
index a09c70aaab68..cd185fad0bad 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_action.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_action.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export async function aztecStart(options: any, userLog: LogFn, debugLogger: Logg
     const { node, pxe, stop } = await createSandbox(
       {
         l1Mnemonic: options.l1Mnemonic,
-        l1RpcUrl: options.l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls,
         l1Salt: nodeOptions.deployAztecContractsSalt,
         noPXE: sandboxOptions.noPXE,
         testAccounts: sandboxOptions.testAccounts,
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_options.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_options.ts
index 03378c9cc45f..a04a0d2d5402 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_options.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/aztec_start_options.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const getOptions = (namespace: string, configMappings: Record<string, Con
 };
 
 // These are options used by multiple modules so should be inputted once
-export const universalOptions = ['l1RpcUrl', 'l1ChainId', 'l1Contracts', 'p2pEnabled', 'dataDirectory'];
+export const universalOptions = ['l1RpcUrls', 'l1ChainId', 'l1Contracts', 'p2pEnabled', 'dataDirectory'];
 
 // Define categories and options
 export const aztecStartOptions: { [key: string]: AztecStartOption[] } = {
@@ -95,10 +95,11 @@ export const aztecStartOptions: { [key: string]: AztecStartOption[] } = {
   ],
   ETHEREUM: [
     {
-      flag: '--l1-rpc-url <value>',
-      description: 'URL of the Ethereum RPC node that services will connect to',
-      defaultValue: 'http://localhost:8545',
-      envVar: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
+      flag: '--l1-rpc-urls <value>',
+      description: 'List of URLs of the Ethereum RPC nodes that services will connect to (comma separated)',
+      defaultValue: ['http://localhost:8545'],
+      envVar: 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS',
+      parseVal: (val: string) => val.split(',').map(url => url.trim()),
     },
     {
       flag: '--l1-chain-id <value>',
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.test.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.test.ts
index fd30a6b90401..5b5a29fcfcd7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.test.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe('validation', () => {
     beforeAll(async () => {
       ({ anvil, rpcUrl: l1RpcUrl } = await startAnvil());
 
-      nodeConfig = { ...getDefaultConfig(aztecNodeConfigMappings), l1RpcUrl };
+      nodeConfig = { ...getDefaultConfig(aztecNodeConfigMappings), l1RpcUrls: [l1RpcUrl] };
       nodeConfig.aztecSlotDuration = 72; // Tweak config so we don't have just defaults
       const account = mnemonicToAccount(DefaultMnemonic);
       const deployed = await deployContractsToL1(nodeConfig, account, undefined, { salt: 1 });
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.ts
index c400ecab0cdb..070dabd89a99 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/cli/validation.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
  * contract. For each key, compares it against the provided config (if it is not empty) and throws on mismatches.
  */
 export async function validateL1Config(
-  config: L1ContractsConfig & { l1Contracts: L1ContractAddresses } & { l1ChainId: number; l1RpcUrl: string },
+  config: L1ContractsConfig & { l1Contracts: L1ContractAddresses } & { l1ChainId: number; l1RpcUrls: string[] },
 ) {
   const publicClient = getPublicClient(config);
   const actualAddresses = await getL1ContractsAddresses(publicClient, config.l1Contracts.governanceAddress);
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/examples/util.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/examples/util.ts
index 81da0305a9b4..5de1fdc32690 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/examples/util.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/examples/util.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { jsonStringify } from '@aztec/foundation/json-rpc';
 
 import type { Abi, Narrow } from 'abitype';
-import type { Account, Chain, Hex, HttpTransport, PublicClient, WalletClient } from 'viem';
+import type { Hex } from 'viem';
 
 /**
  * Helper function to deploy ETH contracts.
@@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ import type { Account, Chain, Hex, HttpTransport, PublicClient, WalletClient } f
  * @returns The ETH address the contract was deployed to.
  */
 export async function deployL1Contract(
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   abi: Narrow<Abi | readonly unknown[]>,
   bytecode: Hex,
   args: readonly unknown[] = [],
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/src/sandbox.ts b/yarn-project/aztec/src/sandbox.ts
index 71291a888f72..4fc391d0c6bc 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/src/sandbox.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/src/sandbox.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import {
 } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 import { getGenesisValues } from '@aztec/world-state/testing';
 
-import { type HDAccount, type PrivateKeyAccount, createPublicClient, http as httpViemTransport } from 'viem';
+import { type HDAccount, type PrivateKeyAccount, createPublicClient, fallback, http as httpViemTransport } from 'viem';
 import { mnemonicToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
@@ -53,14 +53,15 @@ export async function deployContractsToL1(
   contractDeployLogger = logger,
   opts: { assumeProvenThroughBlockNumber?: number; salt?: number; genesisArchiveRoot?: Fr; genesisBlockHash?: Fr } = {},
 ) {
-  const chain = aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl
-    ? createEthereumChain(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, aztecNodeConfig.l1ChainId)
-    : { chainInfo: localAnvil };
+  const chain =
+    aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls.length > 0
+      ? createEthereumChain(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, aztecNodeConfig.l1ChainId)
+      : { chainInfo: localAnvil };
 
   await waitForPublicClient(aztecNodeConfig);
 
   const l1Contracts = await deployL1Contracts(
-    aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl,
+    aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls,
     hdAccount,
     chain.chainInfo,
     contractDeployLogger,
@@ -157,6 +158,14 @@ export type SandboxConfig = AztecNodeConfig & {
  * @param config - Optional Sandbox settings.
  */
 export async function createSandbox(config: Partial<SandboxConfig> = {}, userLog: LogFn) {
+  // sandbox is meant for test envs. We should only need one l1RpcUrl
+  const l1RpcUrl = config.l1RpcUrls?.[0];
+  if (!l1RpcUrl) {
+    throw new Error('An L1 RPC URL is required');
+  }
+  if ((config.l1RpcUrls?.length || 0) > 1) {
+    logger.warn(`Multiple L1 RPC URLs provided. Sandbox will only use the first one: ${l1RpcUrl}`);
+  }
   const aztecNodeConfig: AztecNodeConfig = { ...getConfigEnvVars(), ...config };
   const hdAccount = mnemonicToAccount(config.l1Mnemonic || DefaultMnemonic);
   if (!aztecNodeConfig.publisherPrivateKey || aztecNodeConfig.publisherPrivateKey === NULL_KEY) {
@@ -196,20 +205,17 @@ export async function createSandbox(config: Partial<SandboxConfig> = {}, userLog
       salt: config.l1Salt ? parseInt(config.l1Salt) : undefined,
     });
 
-    const chain = aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl
-      ? createEthereumChain(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, aztecNodeConfig.l1ChainId)
-      : { chainInfo: localAnvil };
+    const chain =
+      aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls.length > 0
+        ? createEthereumChain([l1RpcUrl], aztecNodeConfig.l1ChainId)
+        : { chainInfo: localAnvil };
 
     const publicClient = createPublicClient({
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: httpViemTransport(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback([httpViemTransport(l1RpcUrl)]) as any,
     });
 
-    watcher = new AnvilTestWatcher(
-      new EthCheatCodes(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl),
-      l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress,
-      publicClient,
-    );
+    watcher = new AnvilTestWatcher(new EthCheatCodes([l1RpcUrl]), l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress, publicClient);
     watcher.setIsSandbox(true);
     await watcher.start();
   }
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/main.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/main.tf
index 57057faf0ce7..73c11051419a 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/main.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/main.tf
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ locals {
   node_p2p_private_keys  = var.NODE_P2P_PRIVATE_KEYS
   node_count             = length(local.sequencer_private_keys)
   data_dir               = "/usr/src/yarn-project/aztec"
-  eth_host               = var.ETHEREUM_HOST != "" ? var.ETHEREUM_HOST : "https://${var.DEPLOY_TAG}-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/admin-${var.FORK_ADMIN_API_KEY}"
+  eth_host               = var.ETHEREUM_HOSTS != "" ? var.ETHEREUM_HOSTS : "https://${var.DEPLOY_TAG}-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/admin-${var.FORK_ADMIN_API_KEY}"
 }
 
 output "node_count" {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ resource "aws_ecs_task_definition" "aztec-node" {
           value = "80"
         },
         {
-          name  = "ETHEREUM_HOST"
+          name  = "ETHEREUM_HOSTS"
           value = "${local.eth_host}"
         },
         {
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/variables.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/variables.tf
index e6597e5dbf35..2d28863dd403 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/variables.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/node/variables.tf
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ variable "FORK_ADMIN_API_KEY" {
   default = ""
 }
 
-variable "ETHEREUM_HOST" {
+variable "ETHEREUM_HOSTS" {
   type    = string
   default = ""
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/main.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/main.tf
index 970bcc2f9fee..4d32f2a7ce5d 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/main.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/main.tf
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ resource "aws_ecs_task_definition" "aztec-proof-verifier" {
       environment = [
         { name = "PROOF_VERIFIER_L1_START_BLOCK", value = "15918000" },
         { name = "PROOF_VERIFIER_POLL_INTERVAL_MS", value = tostring(var.PROOF_VERIFIER_POLL_INTERVAL_MS) },
-        { name = "ETHEREUM_HOST", value = var.ETHEREUM_HOST },
+        { name = "ETHEREUM_HOSTS", value = var.ETHEREUM_HOSTS },
         { name = "L1_CHAIN_ID", value = tostring(var.L1_CHAIN_ID) },
         { name = "ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS", value = var.ROLLUP_CONTRACT_ADDRESS },
         {
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/variables.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/variables.tf
index 69aac96df1e1..4038aaf7f249 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/variables.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/proof-verifier/variables.tf
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ variable "LOG_LEVEL" {
   default = "verbose"
 }
 
-variable "ETHEREUM_HOST" {
+variable "ETHEREUM_HOSTS" {
   type = string
 }
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/main.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/main.tf
index 05be9ea631b9..d64e045c58ef 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/main.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/main.tf
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ locals {
   node_p2p_private_keys = var.NODE_P2P_PRIVATE_KEYS
   node_count            = length(local.prover_private_keys)
   data_dir              = "/usr/src/yarn-project/aztec"
-  eth_host              = var.ETHEREUM_HOST != "" ? var.ETHEREUM_HOST : "https://${var.DEPLOY_TAG}-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/admin-${var.API_KEY}"
+  eth_host              = var.ETHEREUM_HOSTS != "" ? var.ETHEREUM_HOSTS : "https://${var.DEPLOY_TAG}-mainnet-fork.aztec.network:8545/admin-${var.API_KEY}"
 }
 
 output "node_count" {
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ resource "aws_ecs_task_definition" "aztec-prover-node" {
         { name = "LOG_JSON", value = "1" },
         { name = "DEPLOY_TAG", value = var.DEPLOY_TAG },
         { name = "NETWORK_NAME", value = "${var.DEPLOY_TAG}" },
-        { name = "ETHEREUM_HOST", value = "${local.eth_host}" },
+        { name = "ETHEREUM_HOSTS", value = "${local.eth_host}" },
         { name = "L1_CHAIN_ID", value = var.L1_CHAIN_ID },
         { name = "DATA_DIRECTORY", value = "${local.data_dir}/prover_node_${count.index + 1}/data" },
         { name = "DEPLOY_AZTEC_CONTRACTS", value = "false" },
diff --git a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/variables.tf b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/variables.tf
index 255978116000..834ea295cdf8 100644
--- a/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/variables.tf
+++ b/yarn-project/aztec/terraform/prover-node/variables.tf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ variable "IMAGE_TAG" {
   default = "latest"
 }
 
-variable "ETHEREUM_HOST" {
+variable "ETHEREUM_HOSTS" {
   type    = string
   default = ""
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/blob-sink/package.json b/yarn-project/blob-sink/package.json
index eccd17ae8240..b619b98237ce 100644
--- a/yarn-project/blob-sink/package.json
+++ b/yarn-project/blob-sink/package.json
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
     "snappy": "^7.2.2",
     "source-map-support": "^0.5.21",
     "tslib": "^2.4.0",
+    "viem": "2.22.8",
     "zod": "^3.23.8"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/config.ts b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/config.ts
index 5270397a2b51..e07c7cb35e75 100644
--- a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/config.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/config.ts
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ export interface BlobSinkConfig {
   blobSinkUrl?: string;
 
   /**
-   * The URL of the L1 RPC Execution client
+   * List of URLs for L1 RPC Execution clients
    */
-  l1RpcUrl?: string;
+  l1RpcUrls?: string[];
 
   /**
    * The URL of the L1 consensus client
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ export const blobSinkConfigMapping: ConfigMappingsType<BlobSinkConfig> = {
     env: 'BLOB_SINK_URL',
     description: 'The URL of the blob sink',
   },
-  l1RpcUrl: {
-    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
-    description: 'The URL of the L1 RPC Execution client',
+  l1RpcUrls: {
+    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS',
+    description: 'List of URLs for L1 RPC Execution clients',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => val.split(',').map(url => url.trim()),
   },
   l1ConsensusHostUrl: {
     env: 'L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL',
diff --git a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.test.ts b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.test.ts
index 554a23d9f8e7..c6309318218d 100644
--- a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.test.ts
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe('HttpBlobSinkClient', () => {
 
       const client = new HttpBlobSinkClient({
         blobSinkUrl: `http://localhost:${blobSinkServer.port}`,
-        l1RpcUrl: `http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`,
+        l1RpcUrls: [`http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`],
       });
 
       const success = await client.sendBlobsToBlobSink('0x1234', [testEncodedBlob]);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ describe('HttpBlobSinkClient', () => {
       await startConsensusHostServer();
 
       const client = new HttpBlobSinkClient({
-        l1RpcUrl: `http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`,
+        l1RpcUrls: [`http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`],
         l1ConsensusHostUrl: `http://localhost:${consensusHostPort}`,
       });
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ describe('HttpBlobSinkClient', () => {
       await startConsensusHostServer();
 
       const client = new HttpBlobSinkClient({
-        l1RpcUrl: `http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`,
+        l1RpcUrls: [`http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`],
         l1ConsensusHostUrl: `http://localhost:${consensusHostPort}`,
       });
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ describe('HttpBlobSinkClient', () => {
       await startConsensusHostServer();
 
       const client = new HttpBlobSinkClient({
-        l1RpcUrl: `http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`,
+        l1RpcUrls: [`http://localhost:${executionHostPort}`],
         l1ConsensusHostUrl: `http://localhost:${consensusHostPort}`,
       });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.ts b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.ts
index 9e6bb9459ad6..67851a2c9369 100644
--- a/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/blob-sink/src/client/http.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { Blob, BlobDeserializationError, type BlobJson } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 
+import { type RpcBlock, createPublicClient, fallback, http } from 'viem';
+
 import { outboundTransform } from '../encoding/index.js';
 import { type BlobSinkConfig, getBlobSinkConfigFromEnv } from './config.js';
 import type { BlobSinkClientInterface } from './interface.js';
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ export class HttpBlobSinkClient implements BlobSinkClientInterface {
    * @param indices - The indices of the blobs to get
    * @returns The blobs
    */
-  public async getBlobSidecar(blockHash: string, blobHashes: Buffer[], indices?: number[]): Promise<Blob[]> {
+  public async getBlobSidecar(blockHash: `0x${string}`, blobHashes: Buffer[], indices?: number[]): Promise<Blob[]> {
     let blobs: Blob[] = [];
 
     if (this.config.blobSinkUrl) {
@@ -165,36 +167,30 @@ export class HttpBlobSinkClient implements BlobSinkClientInterface {
    * @param blockHash - The block hash
    * @returns The slot number
    */
-  private async getSlotNumber(blockHash: string): Promise<number | undefined> {
+  private async getSlotNumber(blockHash: `0x${string}`): Promise<number | undefined> {
     if (!this.config.l1ConsensusHostUrl) {
       this.log.debug('No consensus host url configured');
       return undefined;
     }
 
-    if (!this.config.l1RpcUrl) {
+    if (!this.config.l1RpcUrls) {
       this.log.debug('No execution host url configured');
       return undefined;
     }
 
     // Ping execution node to get the parentBeaconBlockRoot for this block
     let parentBeaconBlockRoot: string | undefined;
+    const client = createPublicClient({
+      transport: fallback(this.config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
+    });
     try {
-      const res = await this.fetch(`${this.config.l1RpcUrl}`, {
-        method: 'POST',
-        headers: {
-          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-        },
-        body: JSON.stringify({
-          jsonrpc: '2.0',
-          method: 'eth_getBlockByHash',
-          params: [blockHash, /*tx flag*/ false],
-          id: 1,
-        }),
+      const res: RpcBlock = await client.request({
+        method: 'eth_getBlockByHash',
+        params: [blockHash, /*tx flag*/ false],
       });
 
-      if (res.ok) {
-        const body = await res.json();
-        parentBeaconBlockRoot = body.result.parentBeaconBlockRoot;
+      if (res.parentBeaconBlockRoot) {
+        parentBeaconBlockRoot = res.parentBeaconBlockRoot;
       }
     } catch (err) {
       this.log.error(`Error getting parent beacon block root`, err);
diff --git a/yarn-project/bot/src/config.ts b/yarn-project/bot/src/config.ts
index 2cd88730f607..92aca1f6a195 100644
--- a/yarn-project/bot/src/config.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/bot/src/config.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export type BotConfig = {
   /** URL to the PXE for sending txs, or undefined if an in-proc PXE is used. */
   pxeUrl: string | undefined;
   /** Url of the ethereum host. */
-  l1RpcUrl: string | undefined;
+  l1RpcUrls: string[] | undefined;
   /** The mnemonic for the account to bridge fee juice from L1. */
   l1Mnemonic: string | undefined;
   /** The private key for the account to bridge fee juice from L1. */
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export const BotConfigSchema = z
   .object({
     nodeUrl: z.string().optional(),
     pxeUrl: z.string().optional(),
-    l1RpcUrl: z.string().optional(),
+    l1RpcUrls: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
     l1Mnemonic: z.string().optional(),
     l1PrivateKey: z.string().optional(),
     senderPrivateKey: schemas.Fr.optional(),
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ export const BotConfigSchema = z
   .transform(config => ({
     nodeUrl: undefined,
     pxeUrl: undefined,
-    l1RpcUrl: undefined,
+    l1RpcUrls: undefined,
     l1Mnemonic: undefined,
     l1PrivateKey: undefined,
     senderPrivateKey: undefined,
@@ -118,9 +118,10 @@ export const botConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<BotConfig> = {
     env: 'BOT_PXE_URL',
     description: 'URL to the PXE for sending txs, or undefined if an in-proc PXE is used.',
   },
-  l1RpcUrl: {
-    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
+  l1RpcUrls: {
+    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS',
     description: 'URL of the ethereum host.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => val.split(',').map(url => url.trim()),
   },
   l1Mnemonic: {
     env: 'BOT_L1_MNEMONIC',
diff --git a/yarn-project/bot/src/factory.ts b/yarn-project/bot/src/factory.ts
index 61c4dc18d48e..a2699d42e8a4 100644
--- a/yarn-project/bot/src/factory.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/bot/src/factory.ts
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ export class BotFactory {
   }
 
   private async bridgeL1FeeJuice(recipient: AztecAddress, amount: bigint) {
-    const l1RpcUrl = this.config.l1RpcUrl;
-    if (!l1RpcUrl) {
+    const l1RpcUrls = this.config.l1RpcUrls;
+    if (!l1RpcUrls?.length) {
       throw new Error('L1 Rpc url is required to bridge the fee juice to fund the deployment of the account.');
     }
     const mnemonicOrPrivateKey = this.config.l1PrivateKey || this.config.l1Mnemonic;
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ export class BotFactory {
     }
 
     const { l1ChainId } = await this.pxe.getNodeInfo();
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, l1ChainId);
-    const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrl, mnemonicOrPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, l1ChainId);
+    const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrls, mnemonicOrPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
 
     const portal = await L1FeeJuicePortalManager.new(this.pxe, publicClient, walletClient, this.log);
     const claim = await portal.bridgeTokensPublic(recipient, amount, true /* mint */);
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/bridge_fee_juice.ts b/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/bridge_fee_juice.ts
index f90cdef8aac3..7e8723b88e53 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/bridge_fee_juice.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/bridge_fee_juice.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export async function bridgeL1FeeJuice(
   amount: bigint,
   recipient: AztecAddress,
   pxe: PXE,
-  l1RpcUrl: string,
+  l1RpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ export async function bridgeL1FeeJuice(
   debugLogger: Logger,
 ) {
   // Prepare L1 client
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId);
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrl, privateKey ?? mnemonic, chain.chainInfo);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId);
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrls, privateKey ?? mnemonic, chain.chainInfo);
 
   const {
     protocolContractAddresses: { feeJuice: feeJuiceAddress },
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/index.ts b/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/index.ts
index 45fea5c0eb81..09b214f80620 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/index.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli-wallet/src/cmds/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { getIdentities } from '@aztec/accounts/utils';
 import { createCompatibleClient } from '@aztec/aztec.js/rpc';
 import { TxHash } from '@aztec/aztec.js/tx_hash';
 import {
-  ETHEREUM_HOST,
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS,
   PRIVATE_KEY,
   addOptions,
   createSecretKeyOption,
@@ -337,10 +337,11 @@ export function injectCommands(
     .argument('<recipient>', 'Aztec address of the recipient.', address =>
       aliasedAddressParser('accounts', address, db),
     )
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
+    .requiredOption<string[]>(
+      '--l1-rpc-urls <string>',
+      'List of Ethereum host URLs. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used (comma separated)',
+      (arg: string) => arg.split(','),
+      [ETHEREUM_HOSTS],
     )
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
@@ -362,14 +363,14 @@ export function injectCommands(
     )
     .action(async (amount, recipient, options) => {
       const { bridgeL1FeeJuice } = await import('./bridge_fee_juice.js');
-      const { rpcUrl, l1RpcUrl, l1ChainId, l1PrivateKey, mnemonic, mint, json, wait, interval: intervalS } = options;
+      const { rpcUrl, l1ChainId, l1RpcUrls, l1PrivateKey, mnemonic, mint, json, wait, interval: intervalS } = options;
       const client = pxeWrapper?.getPXE() ?? (await createCompatibleClient(rpcUrl, debugLogger));
 
       const [secret, messageLeafIndex] = await bridgeL1FeeJuice(
         amount,
         recipient,
         client,
-        l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls,
         l1ChainId,
         l1PrivateKey,
         mnemonic,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/README.md b/yarn-project/cli/README.md
index 76a90f506b21..49cae0ec75f7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/README.md
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/README.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ These options are:
 - `SECRET_KEY` -> `-sk, --secret-key` for all commands that require an Aztec secret key.
 - `PUBLIC_KEY` -> `-k, --public-key` for all commands that require a public key.
 - `PXE_URL` -> `-u, --rpc-url` for commands that require a PXE
-- `ETHEREUM_RPC_HOST` -> `-u, --rpc-url` for `deploy-l1-contracts`.
+- `ETHEREUM_HOSTS` -> `-u, --rpc-urls` or `--l1-rpc-urls` for `deploy-l1-contracts`.
 
 So if for example you are running your Private eXecution Environment (PXE) remotely you can do:
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/bootstrap_network.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/bootstrap_network.ts
index a8c2d2f22b52..1c0e77c5ce42 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/bootstrap_network.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/bootstrap_network.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const waitOpts: WaitOpts = {
 
 export async function bootstrapNetwork(
   pxeUrl: string,
-  l1Url: string,
+  l1Urls: string[],
   l1ChainId: string,
   l1PrivateKey: `0x${string}` | undefined,
   l1Mnemonic: string,
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ export async function bootstrapNetwork(
   const [wallet] = await getDeployedTestAccountsWallets(pxe);
 
   const l1Clients = createL1Clients(
-    l1Url,
+    l1Urls,
     l1PrivateKey
       ? privateKeyToAccount(l1PrivateKey)
       : // We need to use a different account that the main "deployer" account because the "deployer" account creates transactions that send blobs.
         // Note that this account needs to be funded on L1 !
         mnemonicToAccount(l1Mnemonic, { addressIndex }),
-    createEthereumChain(l1Url, +l1ChainId).chainInfo,
+    createEthereumChain(l1Urls, +l1ChainId).chainInfo,
   );
 
   const { erc20Address, portalAddress } = await deployERC20(l1Clients);
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/index.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/index.ts
index 840d482435fe..ba0b82dc1d57 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/index.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/devnet/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 import type { Command } from 'commander';
 
-import { ETHEREUM_HOST, l1ChainIdOption, parseEthereumAddress, pxeOption } from '../../utils/commands.js';
+import { ETHEREUM_HOSTS, l1ChainIdOption, parseEthereumAddress, pxeOption } from '../../utils/commands.js';
 
 export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger) {
   program
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .description('Bootstrap a new network')
     .addOption(pxeOption)
     .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
+    .requiredOption<string[]>(
+      '--l1-rpc-urls <string>',
+      'List of Ethereum host URLs. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used (comma separated)',
+      (arg: string) => arg.split(','),
+      [ETHEREUM_HOSTS],
     )
     .option('--l1-private-key <string>', 'The private key to use for deployment', process.env.PRIVATE_KEY)
     .option(
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       const { bootstrapNetwork } = await import('./bootstrap_network.js');
       await bootstrapNetwork(
         options[pxeOption.attributeName()],
-        options.l1RpcUrl,
+        options.l1RpcUrls,
         options[l1ChainIdOption.attributeName()],
         options.l1PrivateKey,
         options.mnemonic,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/index.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/index.ts
index 0df893606df8..c2386a55fc60 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/index.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 import type { Command } from 'commander';
 
-import { ETHEREUM_HOST, l1ChainIdOption, parseOptionalInteger, pxeOption } from '../../utils/commands.js';
+import { ETHEREUM_HOSTS, l1ChainIdOption, parseOptionalInteger, pxeOption } from '../../utils/commands.js';
 
 export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger) {
   program
@@ -22,10 +22,11 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .argument('<command>', 'Command to run: list, add, remove, who-next')
     .argument('[who]', 'Who to add/remove')
     .description('Manages or queries registered sequencers on the L1 rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
+    .requiredOption<string[]>(
+      '--l1-rpc-urls <string>',
+      'List of Ethereum host URLs. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used (comma separated)',
+      (arg: string) => arg.split(','),
+      [ETHEREUM_HOSTS],
     )
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
         who,
         mnemonic: options.mnemonic,
         rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
-        l1RpcUrl: options.l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls.split(','),
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         blockNumber: options.blockNumber,
         log,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/sequencers.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/sequencers.ts
index b4c6e3a88f51..f789d9589dc0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/sequencers.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/infrastructure/sequencers.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createEthereumChain, getL1ContractsConfigEnvVars } from '@aztec/ethereu
 import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RollupAbi, TestERC20Abi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, getContract, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, fallback, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 import { mnemonicToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 
 export async function sequencers(opts: {
@@ -11,24 +11,27 @@ export async function sequencers(opts: {
   who?: string;
   mnemonic?: string;
   rpcUrl: string;
-  l1RpcUrl: string;
+  l1RpcUrls: string[];
   chainId: number;
   blockNumber?: number;
   log: LogFn;
   debugLogger: Logger;
 }) {
-  const { command, who: maybeWho, mnemonic, rpcUrl, l1RpcUrl, chainId, log, debugLogger } = opts;
+  const { command, who: maybeWho, mnemonic, rpcUrl, l1RpcUrls, chainId, log, debugLogger } = opts;
   const client = await createCompatibleClient(rpcUrl, debugLogger);
   const { l1ContractAddresses } = await client.getNodeInfo();
 
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId);
-  const publicClient = createPublicClient({ chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: http(chain.rpcUrl) });
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId);
+  const publicClient = createPublicClient({
+    chain: chain.chainInfo,
+    transport: fallback(l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
+  });
 
   const walletClient = mnemonic
     ? createWalletClient({
         account: mnemonicToAccount(mnemonic),
         chain: chain.chainInfo,
-        transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+        transport: fallback(l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
       })
     : undefined;
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/advance_epoch.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/advance_epoch.ts
index 04391995dad3..4fc5fbbc9c2f 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/advance_epoch.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/advance_epoch.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { CheatCodes, createPXEClient, makeFetch } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 import type { LogFn } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
-export async function advanceEpoch(l1RpcUrl: string, rpcUrl: string, log: LogFn) {
+export async function advanceEpoch(l1RpcUrls: string[], rpcUrl: string, log: LogFn) {
   const pxe = createPXEClient(rpcUrl, {}, makeFetch([], true));
   const rollupAddress = await pxe.getNodeInfo().then(i => i.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress);
 
-  const cheat = CheatCodes.createRollup(l1RpcUrl, { rollupAddress });
+  const cheat = CheatCodes.createRollup(l1RpcUrls, { rollupAddress });
 
   await cheat.advanceToNextEpoch();
   log(`Warped time to advance to next epoch`);
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/assume_proven_through.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/assume_proven_through.ts
index 4aa3429318a8..6217b05179ab 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/assume_proven_through.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/assume_proven_through.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { LogFn } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 export async function assumeProvenThrough(
   blockNumberOrLatest: number | undefined,
-  l1RpcUrl: string,
+  l1RpcUrls: string[],
   rpcUrl: string,
   log: LogFn,
 ) {
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export async function assumeProvenThrough(
   const rollupAddress = await pxe.getNodeInfo().then(i => i.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress);
   const blockNumber = blockNumberOrLatest ?? (await pxe.getBlockNumber());
 
-  const ethCheatCode = new EthCheatCodes(l1RpcUrl);
+  const ethCheatCode = new EthCheatCodes(l1RpcUrls);
   const rollupCheatCodes = new RollupCheatCodes(ethCheatCode, { rollupAddress });
 
   await rollupCheatCodes.markAsProven(blockNumber);
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/bridge_erc20.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/bridge_erc20.ts
index 20197757d87d..6f676b241b29 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/bridge_erc20.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/bridge_erc20.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { prettyPrintJSON } from '../../utils/commands.js';
 export async function bridgeERC20(
   amount: bigint,
   recipient: AztecAddress,
-  l1RpcUrl: string,
+  l1RpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ export async function bridgeERC20(
   debugLogger: Logger,
 ) {
   // Prepare L1 client
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId);
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrl, privateKey ?? mnemonic, chain.chainInfo);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId);
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrls, privateKey ?? mnemonic, chain.chainInfo);
 
   // Setup portal manager
   const manager = new L1ToL2TokenPortalManager(portalAddress, tokenAddress, publicClient, walletClient, debugLogger);
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_contracts.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
index eeb07d431e09..6ffd0fa1a0da 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { getGenesisValues } from '@aztec/world-state/testing';
 import { deployAztecContracts } from '../../utils/aztec.js';
 
 export async function deployL1Contracts(
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export async function deployL1Contracts(
   const { genesisBlockHash, genesisArchiveRoot } = await getGenesisValues(initialFundedAccounts.map(a => a.address));
 
   const { l1ContractAddresses } = await deployAztecContracts(
-    rpcUrl,
+    rpcUrls,
     chainId,
     privateKey,
     mnemonic,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_verifier.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_verifier.ts
index c0120a1b1d0c..bed0d52904e4 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_verifier.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/deploy_l1_verifier.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 export async function deployUltraHonkVerifier(
   rollupAddress: Hex | undefined,
-  ethRpcUrl: string,
+  ethRpcUrls: string[],
   l1ChainId: string,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ export async function deployUltraHonkVerifier(
   }
 
   const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(
-    ethRpcUrl,
+    ethRpcUrls,
     privateKey ?? mnemonic,
-    createEthereumChain(ethRpcUrl, l1ChainId).chainInfo,
+    createEthereumChain(ethRpcUrls, l1ChainId).chainInfo,
   );
 
   if (!rollupAddress && pxeRpcUrl) {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export async function deployUltraHonkVerifier(
 
 export async function deployMockVerifier(
   rollupAddress: Hex | undefined,
-  ethRpcUrl: string,
+  ethRpcUrls: string[],
   l1ChainId: string,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ export async function deployMockVerifier(
   debugLogger: Logger,
 ) {
   const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(
-    ethRpcUrl,
+    ethRpcUrls,
     privateKey ?? mnemonic,
-    createEthereumChain(ethRpcUrl, l1ChainId).chainInfo,
+    createEthereumChain(ethRpcUrls, l1ChainId).chainInfo,
   );
   const { MockVerifierAbi, MockVerifierBytecode, RollupAbi } = await import('@aztec/l1-artifacts');
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/get_l1_balance.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/get_l1_balance.ts
index 9572703f42f1..48b7138b0136 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/get_l1_balance.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/get_l1_balance.ts
@@ -3,20 +3,23 @@ import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { LogFn } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { TestERC20Abi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import { createPublicClient, getContract, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, fallback, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 
 import { prettyPrintJSON } from '../../utils/commands.js';
 
 export async function getL1Balance(
   who: EthAddress,
   token: EthAddress | undefined,
-  l1RpcUrl: string,
+  l1RpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   json: boolean,
   log: LogFn,
 ) {
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId);
-  const publicClient = createPublicClient({ chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: http(chain.rpcUrl) });
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId);
+  const publicClient = createPublicClient({
+    chain: chain.chainInfo,
+    transport: fallback(l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
+  });
 
   let balance = 0n;
   if (token) {
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/index.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/index.ts
index 72971562697e..90208eec6352 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/index.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { type Command, Option } from 'commander';
 
 import {
-  ETHEREUM_HOST,
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS,
   PRIVATE_KEY,
   l1ChainIdOption,
   makePxeOption,
@@ -14,17 +14,22 @@ import {
   pxeOption,
 } from '../../utils/commands.js';
 
+const l1RpcUrlsOption = new Option(
+  '--l1-rpc-urls <string>',
+  'List of Ethereum host URLs. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used (comma separated)',
+)
+  .env('ETHEREUM_HOSTS')
+  .default([ETHEREUM_HOSTS])
+  .makeOptionMandatory(true)
+  .argParser((arg: string) => arg.split(',').map(url => url.trim()));
+
 export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger) {
   const { BB_BINARY_PATH, BB_WORKING_DIRECTORY } = process.env;
 
   program
     .command('deploy-l1-contracts')
     .description('Deploys all necessary Ethereum contracts for Aztec.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option('-pk, --private-key <string>', 'The private key to use for deployment', PRIVATE_KEY)
     .option('--validators <string>', 'Comma separated list of validators')
     .option(
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       const initialValidators =
         options.validators?.split(',').map((validator: string) => EthAddress.fromString(validator)) || [];
       await deployL1Contracts(
-        options.rpcUrl,
+        options.l1RpcUrls,
         options.l1ChainId,
         options.privateKey,
         options.mnemonic,
@@ -70,11 +75,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('add-l1-validator')
     .description('Adds a validator to the L1 rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option('-pk, --private-key <string>', 'The private key to use for deployment', PRIVATE_KEY)
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .action(async options => {
       const { addL1Validator } = await import('./update_l1_validators.js');
       await addL1Validator({
-        rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
+        rpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls,
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         privateKey: options.privateKey,
         mnemonic: options.mnemonic,
@@ -103,11 +104,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('remove-l1-validator')
     .description('Removes a validator to the L1 rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option('-pk, --private-key <string>', 'The private key to use for deployment', PRIVATE_KEY)
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
@@ -120,7 +117,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .action(async options => {
       const { removeL1Validator } = await import('./update_l1_validators.js');
       await removeL1Validator({
-        rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
+        rpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls,
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         privateKey: options.privateKey,
         mnemonic: options.mnemonic,
@@ -134,18 +131,14 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('fast-forward-epochs')
     .description('Fast forwards the epoch of the L1 rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
     .option('--rollup <address>', 'ethereum address of the rollup contract', parseEthereumAddress)
     .option('--count <number>', 'The number of epochs to fast forward', arg => BigInt(parseInt(arg)), 1n)
     .action(async options => {
       const { fastForwardEpochs } = await import('./update_l1_validators.js');
       await fastForwardEpochs({
-        rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
+        rpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls,
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         rollupAddress: options.rollup,
         numEpochs: options.count,
@@ -157,17 +150,13 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('debug-rollup')
     .description('Debugs the rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
     .option('--rollup <address>', 'ethereum address of the rollup contract', parseEthereumAddress)
     .action(async options => {
       const { debugRollup } = await import('./update_l1_validators.js');
       await debugRollup({
-        rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
+        rpcUrls: options.l1RpcUrls,
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         privateKey: options.privateKey,
         mnemonic: options.mnemonic,
@@ -180,11 +169,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('prune-rollup')
     .description('Prunes the pending chain on the rollup contract.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '-u, --rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option('-pk, --private-key <string>', 'The private key to use for deployment', PRIVATE_KEY)
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
@@ -196,7 +181,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .action(async options => {
       const { pruneRollup } = await import('./update_l1_validators.js');
       await pruneRollup({
-        rpcUrl: options.rpcUrl,
+        rpcUrls: options.rpcUrls,
         chainId: options.l1ChainId,
         privateKey: options.privateKey,
         mnemonic: options.mnemonic,
@@ -209,17 +194,8 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
   program
     .command('deploy-l1-verifier')
     .description('Deploys the rollup verifier contract')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
-    .addOption(
-      new Option('--l1-chain-id <string>', 'The chain id of the L1 network')
-        .env('L1_CHAIN_ID')
-        .default('31337')
-        .makeOptionMandatory(true),
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
+    .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
     .addOption(makePxeOption(false).conflicts('rollup-address'))
     .addOption(
       new Option('--rollup-address <string>', 'The address of the rollup contract')
@@ -241,7 +217,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       if (options.verifier === 'mock') {
         await deployMockVerifier(
           options.rollupAddress?.toString(),
-          options.l1RpcUrl,
+          options.l1RpcUrls,
           options.l1ChainId,
           options.l1PrivateKey,
           options.mnemonic,
@@ -252,7 +228,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       } else {
         await deployUltraHonkVerifier(
           options.rollupAddress?.toString(),
-          options.l1RpcUrl,
+          options.l1RpcUrls,
           options.l1ChainId,
           options.l1PrivateKey,
           options.mnemonic,
@@ -270,11 +246,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .description('Bridges ERC20 tokens to L2.')
     .argument('<amount>', 'The amount of Fee Juice to mint and bridge.', parseBigint)
     .argument('<recipient>', 'Aztec address of the recipient.', parseAztecAddress)
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option(
       '-m, --mnemonic <string>',
       'The mnemonic to use for deriving the Ethereum address that will mint and bridge',
@@ -292,7 +264,7 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       await bridgeERC20(
         amount,
         recipient,
-        options.l1RpcUrl,
+        options.l1RpcUrls,
         options.l1ChainId,
         options.l1PrivateKey,
         options.mnemonic,
@@ -318,17 +290,13 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .command('get-l1-balance')
     .description('Gets the balance of an ERC token in L1 for the given Ethereum address.')
     .argument('<who>', 'Ethereum address to check.', parseEthereumAddress)
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .option('-t, --token <string>', 'The address of the token to check the balance of', parseEthereumAddress)
     .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
     .option('--json', 'Output the balance in JSON format')
     .action(async (who, options) => {
       const { getL1Balance } = await import('./get_l1_balance.js');
-      await getL1Balance(who, options.token, options.l1RpcUrl, options.l1ChainId, options.json, log);
+      await getL1Balance(who, options.token, options.l1RpcUrls, options.l1ChainId, options.json, log);
     });
 
   program
@@ -337,38 +305,26 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
       'Instructs the L1 rollup contract to assume all blocks until the given number are automatically proven.',
     )
     .argument('[blockNumber]', 'The target block number, defaults to the latest pending block number.', parseBigint)
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .addOption(pxeOption)
     .action(async (blockNumber, options) => {
       const { assumeProvenThrough } = await import('./assume_proven_through.js');
-      await assumeProvenThrough(blockNumber, options.l1RpcUrl, options.rpcUrl, log);
+      await assumeProvenThrough(blockNumber, options.l1RpcUrls, options.rpcUrl, log);
     });
 
   program
     .command('advance-epoch')
     .description('Use L1 cheat codes to warp time until the next epoch.')
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .addOption(pxeOption)
     .action(async options => {
       const { advanceEpoch } = await import('./advance_epoch.js');
-      await advanceEpoch(options.l1RpcUrl, options.rpcUrl, log);
+      await advanceEpoch(options.l1RpcUrls, options.rpcUrl, log);
     });
 
   program
     .command('prover-stats', { hidden: true })
-    .requiredOption(
-      '--l1-rpc-url <string>',
-      'Url of the ethereum host. Chain identifiers localhost and testnet can be used',
-      ETHEREUM_HOST,
-    )
+    .addOption(l1RpcUrlsOption)
     .addOption(l1ChainIdOption)
     .option('--start-block <number>', 'The L1 block number to start from', parseBigint, 1n)
     .option('--end-block <number>', 'The last L1 block number to query', parseBigint)
@@ -382,10 +338,10 @@ export function injectCommands(program: Command, log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger
     .option('--raw-logs', 'Output raw logs instead of aggregated stats')
     .action(async options => {
       const { proverStats } = await import('./prover_stats.js');
-      const { l1RpcUrl, chainId, l1RollupAddress, startBlock, endBlock, batchSize, nodeUrl, provingTimeout, rawLogs } =
+      const { l1RpcUrls, chainId, l1RollupAddress, startBlock, endBlock, batchSize, nodeUrl, provingTimeout, rawLogs } =
         options;
       await proverStats({
-        l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls,
         chainId,
         l1RollupAddress,
         startBlock,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/prover_stats.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/prover_stats.ts
index 38daccfbff6b..5b84ac8c85cf 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/prover_stats.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/prover_stats.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { retrieveL2ProofVerifiedEvents } from '@aztec/archiver';
-import { createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { compactArray, mapValues, unique } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type LogFn, type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import { createAztecNodeClient } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
 
 import chunk from 'lodash.chunk';
 import groupBy from 'lodash.groupby';
-import { type PublicClient, createPublicClient, getAbiItem, getAddress, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, fallback, getAbiItem, getAddress, http } from 'viem';
 
 export async function proverStats(opts: {
-  l1RpcUrl: string;
+  l1RpcUrls: string[];
   chainId: number;
   l1RollupAddress: string | undefined;
   nodeUrl: string | undefined;
@@ -23,8 +23,18 @@ export async function proverStats(opts: {
   rawLogs: boolean;
 }) {
   const debugLog = createLogger('cli:prover_stats');
-  const { startBlock, chainId, l1RpcUrl, l1RollupAddress, batchSize, nodeUrl, provingTimeout, endBlock, rawLogs, log } =
-    opts;
+  const {
+    startBlock,
+    chainId,
+    l1RpcUrls,
+    l1RollupAddress,
+    batchSize,
+    nodeUrl,
+    provingTimeout,
+    endBlock,
+    rawLogs,
+    log,
+  } = opts;
   if (!l1RollupAddress && !nodeUrl) {
     throw new Error('Either L1 rollup address or node URL must be set');
   }
@@ -35,8 +45,8 @@ export async function proverStats(opts: {
         .getL1ContractAddresses()
         .then(a => a.rollupAddress);
 
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId).chainInfo;
-  const publicClient = createPublicClient({ chain, transport: http(l1RpcUrl) });
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId).chainInfo;
+  const publicClient = createPublicClient({ chain, transport: fallback(l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))) });
   const lastBlockNum = endBlock ?? (await publicClient.getBlockNumber());
   debugLog.verbose(`Querying events on rollup at ${rollup.toString()} from ${startBlock} up to ${lastBlockNum}`);
 
@@ -146,7 +156,7 @@ async function getL2ProofVerifiedEvents(
   lastBlockNum: bigint,
   batchSize: bigint,
   debugLog: Logger,
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   rollup: EthAddress,
 ) {
   let blockNum = startBlock;
@@ -166,7 +176,7 @@ async function getL2BlockEvents(
   lastBlockNum: bigint,
   batchSize: bigint,
   debugLog: Logger,
-  publicClient: PublicClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   rollup: EthAddress,
 ) {
   let blockNum = startBlock;
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/update_l1_validators.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/update_l1_validators.ts
index bafb2ef5e0d9..ad1852a26d60 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/update_l1_validators.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/cmds/l1/update_l1_validators.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { ForwarderAbi, ForwarderBytecode, RollupAbi, TestERC20Abi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, getContract, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, fallback, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 import { generatePrivateKey, mnemonicToAccount, privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 
 export interface RollupCommandArgs {
-  rpcUrl: string;
+  rpcUrls: string[];
   chainId: number;
   privateKey?: string;
   mnemonic?: string;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export function generateL1Account() {
 }
 
 export async function addL1Validator({
-  rpcUrl,
+  rpcUrls,
   chainId,
   privateKey,
   mnemonic,
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ export async function addL1Validator({
 }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs & { validatorAddress: EthAddress }) {
   const config = getL1ContractsConfigEnvVars();
   const dualLog = makeDualLog(log, debugLogger);
-  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrl, chainId);
-  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrl, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
+  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrls, chainId);
+  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrls, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
   const rollup = getContract({
     address: rollupAddress.toString(),
     abi: RollupAbi,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export async function addL1Validator({
   await publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash });
   if (isAnvilTestChain(chainId)) {
     dualLog(`Funding validator on L1`);
-    const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl, debugLogger);
+    const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrls, debugLogger);
     await cheatCodes.setBalance(validatorAddress, 10n ** 20n);
   } else {
     const balance = await publicClient.getBalance({ address: validatorAddress.toString() });
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export async function addL1Validator({
 }
 
 export async function removeL1Validator({
-  rpcUrl,
+  rpcUrls,
   chainId,
   privateKey,
   mnemonic,
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ export async function removeL1Validator({
   debugLogger,
 }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs & { validatorAddress: EthAddress }) {
   const dualLog = makeDualLog(log, debugLogger);
-  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrl, chainId);
-  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrl, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
+  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrls, chainId);
+  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrls, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
   const rollup = getContract({
     address: rollupAddress.toString(),
     abi: RollupAbi,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export async function removeL1Validator({
 }
 
 export async function pruneRollup({
-  rpcUrl,
+  rpcUrls,
   chainId,
   privateKey,
   mnemonic,
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ export async function pruneRollup({
   debugLogger,
 }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs) {
   const dualLog = makeDualLog(log, debugLogger);
-  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrl, chainId);
-  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrl, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
+  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrls, chainId);
+  const walletClient = getWalletClient(rpcUrls, chainId, privateKey, mnemonic);
   const rollup = getContract({
     address: rollupAddress.toString(),
     abi: RollupAbi,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export async function pruneRollup({
 }
 
 export async function fastForwardEpochs({
-  rpcUrl,
+  rpcUrls,
   chainId,
   rollupAddress,
   numEpochs,
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ export async function fastForwardEpochs({
   debugLogger,
 }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs & { numEpochs: bigint }) {
   const dualLog = makeDualLog(log, debugLogger);
-  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrl, chainId);
+  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrls, chainId);
   const rollup = getContract({
     address: rollupAddress.toString(),
     abi: RollupAbi,
     client: publicClient,
   });
 
-  const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl, debugLogger);
+  const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrls, debugLogger);
   const currentSlot = await rollup.read.getCurrentSlot();
   const l2SlotsInEpoch = await rollup.read.getEpochDuration();
   const timestamp = await rollup.read.getTimestampForSlot([currentSlot + l2SlotsInEpoch * numEpochs]);
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ export async function fastForwardEpochs({
   }
 }
 
-export async function debugRollup({ rpcUrl, chainId, rollupAddress, log }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs) {
+export async function debugRollup({ rpcUrls, chainId, rollupAddress, log }: RollupCommandArgs & LoggerArgs) {
   const config = getL1ContractsConfigEnvVars();
-  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrl, chainId);
+  const publicClient = getPublicClient(rpcUrls, chainId);
   const rollup = getContract({
     address: rollupAddress.toString(),
     abi: RollupAbi,
@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ function makeDualLog(log: LogFn, debugLogger: Logger) {
   };
 }
 
-function getPublicClient(rpcUrl: string, chainId: number) {
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrl, chainId);
-  return createPublicClient({ chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: http(rpcUrl) });
+function getPublicClient(rpcUrls: string[], chainId: number) {
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrls, chainId);
+  return createPublicClient({ chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))) });
 }
 
 function getWalletClient(
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string | undefined,
@@ -230,9 +230,9 @@ function getWalletClient(
     throw new Error('Either privateKey or mnemonic must be provided to create a wallet client');
   }
 
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrl, chainId);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrls, chainId);
   const account = !privateKey
     ? mnemonicToAccount(mnemonic!)
     : privateKeyToAccount(`${privateKey.startsWith('0x') ? '' : '0x'}${privateKey}` as `0x${string}`);
-  return createWalletClient({ account, chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: http(rpcUrl) });
+  return createWalletClient({ account, chain: chain.chainInfo, transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))) });
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/aztec.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/aztec.ts
index 144452470712..f7146de88f8a 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/aztec.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/aztec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { type ContractArtifact, type FunctionArtifact, loadContractArtifact } from '@aztec/aztec.js/abi';
-import type { DeployL1Contracts, L1ContractsConfig } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { DeployL1ContractsReturnType, L1ContractsConfig } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import type { LogFn, Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ export function getFunctionArtifact(artifact: ContractArtifact, fnName: string):
 
 /**
  * Function to execute the 'deployRollupContracts' command.
- * @param rpcUrl - The RPC URL of the ethereum node.
+ * @param rpcUrls - The RPC URL of the ethereum node.
  * @param chainId - The chain ID of the L1 host.
  * @param privateKey - The private key to be used in contract deployment.
  * @param mnemonic - The mnemonic to be used in contract deployment.
  */
 export async function deployAztecContracts(
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   chainId: number,
   privateKey: string | undefined,
   mnemonic: string,
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@ export async function deployAztecContracts(
   genesisBlockHash: Fr,
   config: L1ContractsConfig,
   debugLogger: Logger,
-): Promise<DeployL1Contracts> {
+): Promise<DeployL1ContractsReturnType> {
   const { createEthereumChain, deployL1Contracts } = await import('@aztec/ethereum');
   const { mnemonicToAccount, privateKeyToAccount } = await import('viem/accounts');
 
   const account = !privateKey
     ? mnemonicToAccount(mnemonic!, { addressIndex: mnemonicIndex })
     : privateKeyToAccount(`${privateKey.startsWith('0x') ? '' : '0x'}${privateKey}` as `0x${string}`);
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrl, chainId);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrls, chainId);
 
   const { getVKTreeRoot } = await import('@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/vks');
 
   return await deployL1Contracts(
-    chain.rpcUrl,
+    chain.rpcUrls,
     account,
     chain.chainInfo,
     debugLogger,
diff --git a/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/commands.ts b/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/commands.ts
index 3cac57ef7557..ebbe95895539 100644
--- a/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/commands.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/cli/src/utils/commands.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const getLocalhost = () =>
     .catch(() => 'localhost');
 
 export const LOCALHOST = await getLocalhost();
-export const { ETHEREUM_HOST = `http://${LOCALHOST}:8545`, PRIVATE_KEY, API_KEY, CLI_VERSION } = process.env;
+export const { ETHEREUM_HOSTS = `http://${LOCALHOST}:8545`, PRIVATE_KEY, API_KEY, CLI_VERSION } = process.env;
 
 export function addOptions(program: Command, options: Option[]) {
   options.forEach(option => program.addOption(option));
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-devnet.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-devnet.yml
index 20c6f61b7548..e85f4b5c3354 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-devnet.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-devnet.yml
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ services:
   end-to-end:
     image: aztecprotocol/end-to-end:${AZTEC_DOCKER_TAG:-latest}
     secrets:
-      - ethereum-host
+      - ethereum-hosts
       - aztec-node-url
       - faucet-url
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST:
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS:
       JOB_NAME: ${JOB_NAME:-''}
       PXE_PROVER_ENABLED: ${PXE_PROVER_ENABLED:-1}
     command: |
-      export ETHEREUM_HOST=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/ethereum-host)
+      export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/ethereum-hosts)
       export FAUCET_URL=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/faucet-url)
       export AZTEC_NODE_URL=$$(cat /var/run/secrets/aztec-node-url)
       ${TEST:-./src/devnet/e2e_smoke.test.ts}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ services:
 secrets:
   aztec-node-url:
     environment: AZTEC_NODE_URL
-  ethereum-host:
-    environment: ETHEREUM_HOST
+  ethereum-hosts:
+    environment: ETHEREUM_HOSTS
   faucet-url:
     environment: FAUCET_URL
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-images.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-images.yml
index e1611ab215cd..58aab0800527 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-images.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-images.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ services:
     command: 'start --sandbox'
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-'verbose'}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 500
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       BENCHMARK: 'true'
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-'verbose'}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       PXE_URL: http://sandbox:8080
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-no-sandbox.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-no-sandbox.yml
index 349236cba398..c26326b8af37 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-no-sandbox.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-no-sandbox.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       BENCHMARK: 'true'
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 50
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-p2p.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-p2p.yml
index d49b4fa0d387..e697ec3d7a8d 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-p2p.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-p2p.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ services:
       BENCHMARK: true
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
       DEBUG: ${DEBUG:-""}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 500
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-wallet.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-wallet.yml
index 2f5bdbc2a9d2..19e49feb5b79 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-wallet.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose-wallet.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ services:
     command: 'start --sandbox'
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 50
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ services:
     image: aztecprotocol/end-to-end:${AZTEC_DOCKER_TAG:-latest}
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       PXE_URL: http://sandbox:8080
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose.yml b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose.yml
index 52def77ebea8..66981af22877 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/docker-compose.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ services:
     command: 'node ./dest/bin start --sandbox'
     environment:
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       ARCHIVER_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 500
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ services:
       ARCHIVER_VIEM_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: 500
       HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: ${HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY:-}
 
-
   end-to-end:
     image: aztecprotocol/build:3.0
     cpus: 4
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ services:
       JEST_CACHE_DIR: /tmp-jest
       BENCHMARK: 'true'
       LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-verbose}
-      ETHEREUM_HOST: http://fork:8545
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS: http://fork:8545
       L1_CHAIN_ID: 31337
       FORCE_COLOR: ${FORCE_COLOR:-1}
       PXE_URL: http://sandbox:8080
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/e2e_test_public_testnet.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/e2e_test_public_testnet.sh
index 73c95dd5ef8b..d06b065cd3ad 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/e2e_test_public_testnet.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/e2e_test_public_testnet.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Optional environment variables:
 #   SEQ_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY
 #   PROVER_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY
-#   ETHEREUM_HOST
+#   ETHEREUM_HOSTS
 #   HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY (default: "")
 #   ALLOW_FAIL (default: false)
 #   L1_CHAIN_ID (default: "31337")
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fi
 # Run the test
 docker run \
   -e L1_CHAIN_ID="$L1_CHAIN_ID" \
-  -e ETHEREUM_HOST="${ETHEREUM_HOST:-}" \
+  -e ETHEREUM_HOSTS="${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-}" \
   -e FORCE_COLOR="${FORCE_COLOR:-1}" \
   -e SEQ_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY="${SEQ_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY:-}" \
   -e PROVER_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY="${PROVER_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY:-}" \
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/boot-node.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/boot-node.sh
index 3f20e30172d4..0336db694b5f 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/boot-node.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/boot-node.sh
@@ -9,14 +9,13 @@ SCRIPT_NAME=$(basename "$0" .sh)
 # Redirect stdout and stderr to <script_name>.log while also printing to the console
 exec > >(tee -a "$(dirname $0)/logs/${SCRIPT_NAME}.log") 2> >(tee -a "$(dirname $0)/logs/${SCRIPT_NAME}.log" >&2)
 
-
 # Starts the Boot Node
 
 # Set environment variables
 export PORT=${PORT:-"8080"}
 export DEBUG=${DEBUG:-""}
 export LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"verbose"}
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL:-}
 export P2P_ENABLED="true"
 export VALIDATOR_DISABLED="true"
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ export OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES="service.name=boot-node"
 export VALIDATOR_PRIVATE_KEY=${VALIDATOR_PRIVATE_KEY:-"0x47e179ec197488593b187f80a00eb0da91f1b9d0b13f8733639f19c30a34926a"}
 export TEST_ACCOUNTS="true"
 
-
 echo "Waiting for l1 contracts to be deployed..."
 until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l1-contracts.env ]; do
   sleep 1
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l1-contracts.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l1-contracts.sh
index 03f9b7d7353e..7a19fb90858c 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l1-contracts.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l1-contracts.sh
@@ -21,26 +21,34 @@ else
   INIT_VALIDATORS="false"
 fi
 
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 # Remove hardcoded L1_CHAIN_ID and fetch it from the node
 export PRIVATE_KEY=${PRIVATE_KEY:-""}
 export SALT=${SALT:-"1337"}
 
 echo "Waiting for Ethereum node to be up..."
-until curl -s -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-  --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' \
-  $ETHEREUM_HOST 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'result'; do
-  sleep 1
+while true; do
+  for HOST in $(echo "${ETHEREUM_HOSTS}" | tr ',' '\n'); do
+    if curl -s -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+      --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' \
+      "$HOST" 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'result'; then
+      echo "Node $HOST is ready"
+      break 2
+    fi
+    echo "Waiting for Ethereum node ${HOST}..."
+  done
+  sleep 5
 done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
+echo "Fetching chain ID from the Ethereum node"
 # Fetch chain ID from the Ethereum node
 source "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
 
 # Construct base command
 COMMAND="node --no-warnings $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/yarn-project/aztec/dest/bin/index.js \
   deploy-l1-contracts \
-  --rpc-url $ETHEREUM_HOST \
+  --l1-rpc-urls $ETHEREUM_HOSTS \
   --l1-chain-id $L1_CHAIN_ID \
   --salt $SALT \
   --test-accounts"
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l2-contracts.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l2-contracts.sh
index d2e65e592a73..cbeba7f8fa8c 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l2-contracts.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/deploy-l2-contracts.sh
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ until curl -s -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' \
 done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
+# Get the chain ID from the Ethereum node
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+source "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
+export L1_CHAIN_ID=${L1_CHAIN_ID:-31337}
+
 # TODO(AD): Add option for prover-enabled mode
 ARGS="--skipProofWait --testAccounts"
 
@@ -29,5 +34,5 @@ export PXE_URL="http://127.0.0.1:8079"
 node --no-warnings "$REPO"/yarn-project/aztec/dest/bin/index.js setup-protocol-contracts $ARGS
 echo "Deployed L2 contracts"
 # Use file just as done signal
-echo "" > state/l2-contracts.env
+echo "" >state/l2-contracts.env
 echo "Wrote to state/l2-contracts.env to signal completion"
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/prover-node.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/prover-node.sh
index 999511df5acb..f987ab4dfaef 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/prover-node.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/prover-node.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l1-contr
 done
 
 # Get the chain ID from the Ethereum node
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 source "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
 
 echo "Waiting for Aztec Node..."
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/pxe.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/pxe.sh
index ce4992a91c07..17b77409ed02 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/pxe.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/pxe.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ exec > >(tee -a "$(dirname $0)/logs/${SCRIPT_NAME}.log") 2> >(tee -a "$(dirname
 
 # Starts the PXE (Private eXecution Environment) service
 # Set environment variables
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL:-}
 export AZTEC_NODE_URL=${AZTEC_NODE_URL:-"http://127.0.0.1:8080"}
 export VALIDATOR_NODE_URL=${VALIDATOR_NODE_URL:-"http://127.0.0.1:8081"}
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-4epochs.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-4epochs.sh
index 3e00718517c3..954159565c2e 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-4epochs.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-4epochs.sh
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ exec > >(tee -a "$(dirname $0)/logs/${SCRIPT_NAME}.log") 2> >(tee -a "$(dirname
 
 export BOOTNODE_URL=${BOOTNODE_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080}
 export PXE_URL=${PXE_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8079}
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-http://127.0.0.1:8545}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-http://127.0.0.1:8545}
 
 REPO=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
 # Run our test assuming the port in pxe.sh
 # Wait for the Aztec Node to be ready
 echo "Waiting for Aztec Node..."
-until curl -s $BOOTNODE_URL/status >/dev/null ; do
+until curl -s $BOOTNODE_URL/status >/dev/null; do
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Waiting for PXE service..."
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ until curl -s -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' \
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Waiting for l2 contracts to be deployed..."
-until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l2-contracts.env ] ; do
+until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l2-contracts.env ]; do
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
 export LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"verbose"}
 cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/yarn-project/end-to-end
-yarn test src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts
\ No newline at end of file
+yarn test src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-transfer.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-transfer.sh
index 1b91130664b4..87a0193cec41 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-transfer.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/test-transfer.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ exec > >(tee -a "$(dirname $0)/logs/${SCRIPT_NAME}.log") 2> >(tee -a "$(dirname
 export BOOTNODE_URL=${BOOTNODE_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080}
 export NODE_URL=${NODE_URL:-${BOOTNODE_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080}}
 export PXE_URL=${PXE_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8079}
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-http://127.0.0.1:8545}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-http://127.0.0.1:8545}
 export K8S=${K8S:-false}
 
 REPO=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
 # Run our test assuming the port in pxe.sh
 # Wait for the Aztec Node to be ready
 echo "Waiting for Aztec Node..."
-until curl -s $BOOTNODE_URL/status >/dev/null ; do
+until curl -s $BOOTNODE_URL/status >/dev/null; do
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Waiting for PXE service..."
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ until curl -s -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' \
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Waiting for l2 contracts to be deployed..."
-until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l2-contracts.env ] ; do
+until [ -f "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/state/l2-contracts.env ]; do
   sleep 1
 done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
 export LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"verbose"}
 cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/yarn-project/end-to-end
-yarn test src/spartan/transfer.test.ts
\ No newline at end of file
+yarn test src/spartan/transfer.test.ts
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/transaction-bot.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/transaction-bot.sh
index 5f40ffd193bd..4163c464ce7d 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/transaction-bot.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/transaction-bot.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
 # Set environment variables
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 export AZTEC_NODE_URL=${AZTEC_NODE_URL:-"http://127.0.0.1:8080"}
 export LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"verbose"}
 export BOT_TX_INTERVAL_SECONDS="5"
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
index 13ee498f5212..b5e7f198190d 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+for HOST in $(echo "${ETHEREUM_HOSTS}" | tr ',' '\n'); do
+  RESULT=$(curl -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":1}' \
+    "$HOST" 2>/dev/null) || continue
+  if echo "$RESULT" | grep -q '"result":"0x'; then
+    export L1_CHAIN_ID=$(echo "$RESULT" | grep -o '"result":"0x[^"]*"' | cut -d'"' -f4 | xargs printf "%d\n")
+    echo "Using L1 chain ID: $L1_CHAIN_ID from $HOST"
+    return 0
+  fi
+done
 
-export L1_CHAIN_ID=$(curl -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_chainId","params":[],"id":1}' \
-  $ETHEREUM_HOST | grep -o '"result":"0x[^"]*"' | cut -d'"' -f4 | xargs printf "%d\n")
-
-echo "Using L1 chain ID: $L1_CHAIN_ID"
\ No newline at end of file
+echo "Error: Could not get chain ID from any host in: $ETHEREUM_HOSTS"
+return 1
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/validator.sh b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/validator.sh
index adb98ab5931f..a23c78d96347 100755
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/validator.sh
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/validator.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ done
 echo "Done waiting."
 
 # Ethereum host required for the chain id script
-export ETHEREUM_HOST=${ETHEREUM_HOST:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
+export ETHEREUM_HOSTS=${ETHEREUM_HOSTS:-"http://127.0.0.1:8545"}
 
 # Get the chain ID from the Ethereum node
 source "$REPO"/yarn-project/end-to-end/scripts/native-network/utils/get-chain-id.sh
@@ -59,16 +59,6 @@ export SEQ_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY=$VALIDATOR_PRIVATE_KEY
 export DEBUG=${DEBUG:-""}
 export LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-"verbose"}
 export L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL=${L1_CONSENSUS_HOST_URL:-}
-
-
-
-# Automatically detect if we're using Anvil
-if curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"method":"web3_clientVersion","params":[],"id":49,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' $ETHEREUM_HOST | jq .result | grep -q anvil; then
-  IS_ANVIL="true"
-else
-  IS_ANVIL="false"
-fi
-
 export P2P_ENABLED="true"
 export VALIDATOR_DISABLED="false"
 export SEQ_MAX_SECONDS_BETWEEN_BLOCKS="0"
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/e2e_persistence.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/e2e_persistence.test.ts
index cbe98f55a297..1f98c24eae29 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/e2e_persistence.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/e2e_persistence.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { getSchnorrAccount, getSchnorrWallet } from '@aztec/accounts/schnorr';
 import { type InitialAccountData, deployFundedSchnorrAccount } from '@aztec/accounts/testing';
 import { type AccountWallet, type ContractInstanceWithAddress, type TxHash, computeSecretHash } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 import { MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX } from '@aztec/constants';
-import type { DeployL1Contracts } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { DeployL1ContractsReturnType } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 // We use TokenBlacklist because we want to test the persistence of manually added notes and standard token no longer
 // implements TransparentNote shield flow.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ describe('Aztec persistence', () => {
   let dataDirectory: string;
 
   // state that is persisted between tests
-  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
 
   let context: EndToEndContext;
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_l1_publisher.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_l1_publisher.test.ts
index 5100d5c3e96f..d2185c4124fd 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_l1_publisher.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_l1_publisher.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import {
   type L1ContractAddresses,
   RollupContract,
   SlashingProposerContract,
+  type ViemPublicClient,
+  type ViemWalletClient,
   createEthereumChain,
   createL1Clients,
 } from '@aztec/ethereum';
@@ -41,13 +43,8 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, jest } from '@jest/globals';
 import { writeFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { type MockProxy, mock } from 'jest-mock-extended';
 import {
-  type Account,
   type Address,
-  type Chain,
   type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
   encodeFunctionData,
   getAbiItem,
   getAddress,
@@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ const deployerPK = '0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca85829a2df0ec3153be0318b5e2d3348e872092
 const logger = createLogger('integration_l1_publisher');
 
 const config = getConfigEnvVars();
-config.l1RpcUrl = config.l1RpcUrl || 'http://127.0.0.1:8545';
+config.l1RpcUrls = config.l1RpcUrls || ['http://127.0.0.1:8545'];
 
 const numberOfConsecutiveBlocks = 2;
 
@@ -76,16 +73,16 @@ const BLOB_SINK_URL = `http://localhost:${BLOB_SINK_PORT}`;
 jest.setTimeout(1000000);
 
 describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
-  let publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
-  let walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
+  let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
+  let walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
   let l1ContractAddresses: L1ContractAddresses;
   let deployerAccount: PrivateKeyAccount;
 
   let rollupAddress: Address;
   let outboxAddress: Address;
 
-  let rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
-  let outbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof OutboxAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  let rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
+  let outbox: GetContractReturnType<typeof OutboxAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
   let publisher: SequencerPublisher;
 
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
   let blockSource: MockProxy<ArchiveSource>;
   let blocks: L2Block[] = [];
 
-  const chainId = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId).chainInfo.id;
+  const chainId = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId).chainInfo.id;
 
   let coinbase: EthAddress;
   let feeRecipient: AztecAddress;
@@ -109,7 +106,7 @@ describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
 
   // To update the test data, run "export AZTEC_GENERATE_TEST_DATA=1" in shell and run the tests again
   // If you have issues with RPC_URL, it is likely that you need to set the RPC_URL in the shell as well
-  // If running ANVIL locally, you can use ETHEREUM_HOST="http://0.0.0.0:8545"
+  // If running ANVIL locally, you can use ETHEREUM_HOSTS="http://0.0.0.0:8545"
   const AZTEC_GENERATE_TEST_DATA = !!process.env.AZTEC_GENERATE_TEST_DATA;
 
   const progressTimeBySlot = async (slotsToJump = 1n) => {
@@ -124,13 +121,13 @@ describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     deployerAccount = privateKeyToAccount(deployerPK);
     ({ l1ContractAddresses, publicClient, walletClient } = await setupL1Contracts(
-      config.l1RpcUrl,
+      config.l1RpcUrls,
       deployerAccount,
       logger,
       {},
     ));
 
-    ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrl);
+    ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrls);
 
     rollupAddress = getAddress(l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress.toString());
     outboxAddress = getAddress(l1ContractAddresses.outboxAddress.toString());
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
     await worldStateSynchronizer.start();
 
     const { walletClient: sequencerWalletClient, publicClient: sequencerPublicClient } = createL1Clients(
-      config.l1RpcUrl,
+      config.l1RpcUrls,
       sequencerPK,
       foundry,
     );
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ describe('L1Publisher integration', () => {
     });
     publisher = new SequencerPublisher(
       {
-        l1RpcUrl: config.l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls: config.l1RpcUrls,
         requiredConfirmations: 1,
         l1Contracts: l1ContractAddresses,
         publisherPrivateKey: sequencerPK,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_proof_verification.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_proof_verification.test.ts
index e22ae0df2983..0459b9a660bf 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_proof_verification.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/composed/integration_proof_verification.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { deployL1Contract, fileURLToPath } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 import { BBCircuitVerifier } from '@aztec/bb-prover';
-import { createL1Clients } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, type ViemWalletClient, createL1Clients } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { HonkVerifierAbi, HonkVerifierBytecode, IVerifierAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { Proof } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ import { RootRollupPublicInputs } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { Anvil } from '@viem/anvil';
 import { readFile } from 'fs/promises';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 import { mnemonicToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 
 import { MNEMONIC } from '../fixtures/fixtures.js';
@@ -34,8 +25,8 @@ describe('proof_verification', () => {
   let proof: Proof;
   let publicInputs: RootRollupPublicInputs;
   let anvil: Anvil | undefined;
-  let walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-  let publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  let walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+  let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   let logger: Logger;
   let circuitVerifier: BBCircuitVerifier;
   let bbTeardown: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -44,9 +35,11 @@ describe('proof_verification', () => {
 
   beforeAll(async () => {
     logger = getLogger();
-    let rpcUrl = process.env.ETHEREUM_HOST;
+    let rpcUrlList = process.env.ETHEREUM_HOSTS?.split(',');
+    let rpcUrl = rpcUrlList?.[0];
     if (!rpcUrl) {
       ({ anvil, rpcUrl } = await startAnvil());
+      rpcUrlList = [rpcUrl];
     }
     logger.info('Anvil started');
 
@@ -59,7 +52,7 @@ describe('proof_verification', () => {
     acvmTeardown = acvm!.cleanup;
     logger.info('BB and ACVM initialized');
 
-    ({ publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, mnemonicToAccount(MNEMONIC)));
+    ({ publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrlList!, mnemonicToAccount(MNEMONIC)));
 
     const { address: verifierAddress } = await deployL1Contract(
       walletClient,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/devnet/e2e_smoke.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/devnet/e2e_smoke.test.ts
index 730c263f6d60..1f7c7051d204 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/devnet/e2e_smoke.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/devnet/e2e_smoke.test.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const {
   PXE_URL,
   FAUCET_URL,
   AZTEC_CLI = `node ${resolve(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url), '../../../../aztec/dest/bin/index.js')}`,
-  ETHEREUM_HOST,
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS,
   PXE_PROVER_ENABLED = '0',
   USE_EMPTY_BLOCKS = '0',
 } = process.env;
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ describe('End-to-end tests for devnet', () => {
   beforeAll(async () => {
     logger = getLogger();
 
-    if (!ETHEREUM_HOST) {
-      throw new Error('ETHEREUM_HOST must be set');
+    if (!ETHEREUM_HOSTS) {
+      throw new Error('ETHEREUM_HOSTS must be set');
     }
 
     if (!AZTEC_CLI) {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe('End-to-end tests for devnet', () => {
       claimSecret: { value: string };
       messageLeafIndex: string;
     }>('bridge-fee-juice', [amount, l2Account.getAddress()], {
-      'l1-rpc-url': ETHEREUM_HOST!,
+      'l1-rpc-urls': ETHEREUM_HOSTS!,
       'l1-chain-id': l1ChainId.toString(),
       'l1-private-key': l1Account.privateKey,
       'rpc-url': pxeUrl,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ describe('End-to-end tests for devnet', () => {
 
   async function getL1Balance(address: string, token?: EthAddress): Promise<bigint> {
     const { balance } = await cli<{ balance: string }>('get-l1-balance', [address], {
-      'l1-rpc-url': ETHEREUM_HOST!,
+      'l1-rpc-urls': ETHEREUM_HOSTS!,
       'l1-chain-id': l1ChainId.toString(),
       token,
     });
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cheat_codes.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cheat_codes.test.ts
index 46c59a0754c7..fcd2603818eb 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cheat_codes.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cheat_codes.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { AnvilTestWatcher, type AztecAddress, type CheatCodes, EthAddress, Fr, type Wallet } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { RollupContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
 import { TokenContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token';
 
-import { type Account, type Chain, type HttpTransport, type PublicClient, type WalletClient, parseEther } from 'viem';
+import { parseEther } from 'viem';
 
 import { mintTokensToPrivate } from './fixtures/token_utils.js';
 import { setup } from './fixtures/utils.js';
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ describe('e2e_cheat_codes', () => {
   let cc: CheatCodes;
   let teardown: () => Promise<void>;
 
-  let walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-  let publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  let walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+  let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   let token: TokenContract;
   let rollup: RollupContract;
   let watcher: AnvilTestWatcher | undefined;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ describe('e2e_cheat_codes', () => {
       const timestamp = await cc.eth.timestamp();
       const pastTimestamp = timestamp - 1000;
       await expect(async () => await cc.eth.setNextBlockTimestamp(pastTimestamp)).rejects.toThrow(
-        `Error setting next block timestamp: Timestamp error: ${pastTimestamp} is lower than or equal to previous block's timestamp`,
+        new RegExp(`Details: Timestamp error: ${pastTimestamp} is lower than or equal to previous block's timestamp`),
       );
     });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/cross_chain_messaging_test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/cross_chain_messaging_test.ts
index 42e85927ed1e..f2c4443fc18a 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/cross_chain_messaging_test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/cross_chain_messaging_test.ts
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ import {
   type PXE,
   createLogger,
 } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
-import { createL1Clients } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, createL1Clients } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { InboxAbi, OutboxAbi, RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { TokenContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token';
 import { TokenBridgeContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/TokenBridge';
 
-import { type Chain, type HttpTransport, type PublicClient, getContract } from 'viem';
+import { getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import { MNEMONIC } from '../fixtures/fixtures.js';
 import {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export class CrossChainMessagingTest {
   pxe!: PXE;
   aztecNodeConfig!: AztecNodeConfig;
 
-  publicClient!: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain> | undefined;
+  publicClient!: ViemPublicClient | undefined;
 
   user1Wallet!: AccountWallet;
   user2Wallet!: AccountWallet;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export class CrossChainMessagingTest {
     this.aztecNode = aztecNode;
     this.pxe = pxe;
     this.aztecNodeConfig = aztecNodeConfig;
-    this.cheatcodes = await CheatCodes.create(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, this.pxe);
+    this.cheatcodes = await CheatCodes.create(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, this.pxe);
   }
 
   snapshot = <T>(
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export class CrossChainMessagingTest {
         this.logger.verbose(`Public deploy accounts...`);
         await publicDeployAccounts(this.wallets[0], this.accounts.slice(0, 3));
 
-        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
 
         this.logger.verbose(`Setting up cross chain harness...`);
         this.crossChainTestHarness = await CrossChainTestHarness.new(
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ export class CrossChainMessagingTest {
         this.ownerAddress = AztecAddress.fromString(crossChainContext.ownerAddress.toString());
         const tokenPortalAddress = EthAddress.fromString(crossChainContext.tokenPortal.toString());
 
-        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(this.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
 
         const inbox = getContract({
           address: this.aztecNodeConfig.l1Contracts.inboxAddress.toString(),
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/token_bridge_private.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/token_bridge_private.test.ts
index 31d4cc7988d4..db03704e637f 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/token_bridge_private.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_cross_chain_messaging/token_bridge_private.test.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ describe('e2e_cross_chain_messaging token_bridge_private', () => {
       client: crossChainTestHarness.walletClient,
     });
 
-    cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(t.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, t.pxe);
+    cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(t.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, t.pxe);
   }, 300_000);
 
   afterEach(async () => {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_fees/fees_test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_fees/fees_test.ts
index a594618be8d6..64fd9e615507 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_fees/fees_test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_fees/fees_test.ts
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
         this.pxe = pxe;
         this.aztecNode = aztecNode;
         this.gasSettings = GasSettings.default({ maxFeesPerGas: (await this.aztecNode.getCurrentBaseFees()).mul(2) });
-        this.cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, pxe);
+        this.cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, pxe);
         this.wallets = await Promise.all(deployedAccounts.map(a => getSchnorrWallet(pxe, a.address, a.signingKey)));
         this.wallets.forEach((w, i) => this.logger.verbose(`Wallet ${i} address: ${w.getAddress()}`));
         [this.aliceWallet, this.bobWallet] = this.wallets.slice(0, 2);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
         }
         this.coinbase = EthAddress.random();
 
-        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
         this.feeJuiceBridgeTestHarness = await FeeJuicePortalTestingHarnessFactory.create({
           aztecNode: aztecNode,
           pxeService: pxe,
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
 
         this.getGasBalanceFn = getBalancesFn('⛽', this.feeJuiceContract.methods.balance_of_public, this.logger);
 
-        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+        const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
         this.feeJuiceBridgeTestHarness = await FeeJuicePortalTestingHarnessFactory.create({
           aztecNode: context.aztecNode,
           pxeService: context.pxe,
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
         );
 
         this.getCoinbaseBalance = async () => {
-          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
           const gasL1 = getContract({
             address: data.l1FeeJuiceAddress.toString(),
             abi: TestERC20Abi,
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
         };
 
         this.getCoinbaseSequencerRewards = async () => {
-          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
           const rollup = getContract({
             address: data.rollupAddress.toString(),
             abi: RollupAbi,
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ export class FeesTest {
         };
 
         this.getProverFee = async (blockNumber: number) => {
-          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, MNEMONIC);
+          const { walletClient } = createL1Clients(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, MNEMONIC);
           const rollup = getContract({
             address: data.rollupAddress.toString(),
             abi: RollupAbi,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_lending_contract.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_lending_contract.test.ts
index 017723e17a4a..9c5fdffbc31b 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_lending_contract.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_lending_contract.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-import { type AccountWallet, type CheatCodes, type DeployL1Contracts, Fr, type Logger } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
+import {
+  type AccountWallet,
+  type CheatCodes,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
+  Fr,
+  type Logger,
+} from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 import type { TestDateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { LendingContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Lending';
@@ -15,7 +21,7 @@ import { LendingAccount, LendingSimulator, TokenSimulator } from './simulators/i
 describe('e2e_lending_contract', () => {
   jest.setTimeout(100_000);
   let wallet: AccountWallet;
-  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
 
   let logger: Logger;
   let teardown: () => Promise<void>;
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_outbox.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_outbox.test.ts
index c72db9fd5d46..e08004df4765 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_outbox.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_outbox.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   type AztecNode,
   BatchCall,
   type CheatCodes,
-  type DeployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
   EthAddress,
   Fr,
   type SiblingPath,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe('E2E Outbox Tests', () => {
   const merkleSha256 = new SHA256();
   let contract: TestContract;
   let wallets: AccountWalletWithSecretKey[];
-  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   let outbox: any;
   let cheatCodes: CheatCodes;
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_p2p/p2p_network.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_p2p/p2p_network.ts
index ed2c38adb9a2..7afa5daf8640 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_p2p/p2p_network.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_p2p/p2p_network.ts
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ export class P2PNetworkTest {
 
         const slotsInEpoch = await rollup.read.getEpochDuration();
         const timestamp = await rollup.read.getTimestampForSlot([slotsInEpoch]);
-        const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl);
+        const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls);
         try {
           await cheatCodes.warp(Number(timestamp));
         } catch (err) {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_prover/e2e_prover_test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_prover/e2e_prover_test.ts
index 87995961d4b6..a7811c7a9e2f 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_prover/e2e_prover_test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_prover/e2e_prover_test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   type AztecNode,
   type CheatCodes,
   type CompleteAddress,
-  type DeployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
   EthAddress,
   type Logger,
   type PXE,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export class FullProverTest {
   private context!: SubsystemsContext;
   private proverNode!: ProverNode;
   private simulatedProverNode!: ProverNode;
-  public l1Contracts!: DeployL1Contracts;
+  public l1Contracts!: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   public proverAddress!: EthAddress;
 
   constructor(
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_sequencer/gov_proposal.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_sequencer/gov_proposal.test.ts
index 7caebd71c21d..dd29b0d5fc76 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_sequencer/gov_proposal.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_sequencer/gov_proposal.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { AztecNode, CheatCodes, Logger, PXE, Wallet } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 import {
-  type DeployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
   GovernanceProposerContract,
   RollupContract,
   deployL1Contract,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe('e2e_gov_proposal', () => {
   let wallet: Wallet;
   let pxe: PXE;
   let aztecNode: AztecNode;
-  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   let aztecSlotDuration: number;
   let cheatCodes: CheatCodes;
   beforeEach(async () => {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_synching.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_synching.test.ts
index b7fe396fac73..9a39d7e8a142 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_synching.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_synching.test.ts
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ describe('e2e_synching', () => {
     });
     const publisher = new SequencerPublisher(
       {
-        l1RpcUrl: config.l1RpcUrl,
+        l1RpcUrls: config.l1RpcUrls,
         requiredConfirmations: 1,
         l1Contracts: deployL1ContractsValues.l1ContractAddresses,
         publisherPrivateKey: sequencerPK,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_token_bridge_tutorial_test.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_token_bridge_tutorial_test.test.ts
index cf187c0621ac..b34f0143d92f 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_token_bridge_tutorial_test.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/e2e_token_bridge_tutorial_test.test.ts
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import { getContract } from 'viem';
 // docs:end:imports
 // docs:start:utils
 const MNEMONIC = 'test test test test test test test test test test test junk';
-const { ETHEREUM_HOST = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
+const { ETHEREUM_HOSTS = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
 
-const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOST, MNEMONIC);
+const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOSTS.split(','), MNEMONIC);
 const ownerEthAddress = walletClient.account.address;
 
 const setupSandbox = async () => {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/l1_to_l2_messaging.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/l1_to_l2_messaging.ts
index bf8963eaa0f8..bf99cd3710b0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/l1_to_l2_messaging.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/l1_to_l2_messaging.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
-import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { L1ContractAddresses, ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import { InboxAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 
 import { expect } from '@jest/globals';
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  decodeEventLog,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { decodeEventLog, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 export async function sendL1ToL2Message(
   message: { recipient: AztecAddress; content: Fr; secretHash: Fr },
   ctx: {
-    walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+    walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
     l1ContractAddresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'inboxAddress'>;
   },
 ) {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/setup_l1_contracts.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/setup_l1_contracts.ts
index 7874ef13924a..554db61903ca 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/setup_l1_contracts.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/setup_l1_contracts.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const setupL1Contracts = async (
   args: Pick<DeployL1ContractsArgs, 'genesisArchiveRoot' | 'genesisBlockHash' | 'initialValidators'> &
     L1ContractsConfig,
 ) => {
-  const l1Data = await deployL1Contracts(l1RpcUrl, account, foundry, logger, {
+  const l1Data = await deployL1Contracts([l1RpcUrl], account, foundry, logger, {
     l2FeeJuiceAddress: ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice.toField(),
     vkTreeRoot: getVKTreeRoot(),
     protocolContractTreeRoot,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/snapshot_manager.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/snapshot_manager.ts
index deed14dda57b..5e56093da067 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/snapshot_manager.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/snapshot_manager.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
   CheatCodes,
   type CompleteAddress,
   type ContractFunctionInteraction,
-  type DeployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
   type FunctionCall,
   type Logger,
   type PXE,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export type SubsystemsContext = {
   aztecNode: AztecNodeService;
   aztecNodeConfig: AztecNodeConfig;
   pxe: PXEService;
-  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   proverNode?: ProverNode;
   watcher: AnvilTestWatcher;
   cheatCodes: CheatCodes;
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class SnapshotManager implements ISnapshotManager {
     await restore(snapshotData, context);
 
     // Save the snapshot data.
-    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl);
+    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(context.aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls);
     const anvilStateFile = `${this.livePath}/anvil.dat`;
     await ethCheatCodes.dumpChainState(anvilStateFile);
     writeFileSync(`${this.livePath}/${name}.json`, JSON.stringify(snapshotData || {}, resolver));
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ async function setupFromFresh(
   logger.verbose('Starting anvil...');
   const res = await startAnvil({ l1BlockTime: opts.ethereumSlotDuration });
   const anvil = res.anvil;
-  aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl = res.rpcUrl;
+  aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls = [res.rpcUrl];
 
   // Deploy our L1 contracts.
   logger.verbose('Deploying L1 contracts...');
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ async function setupFromFresh(
   aztecNodeConfig.publisherPrivateKey = `0x${publisherPrivKey!.toString('hex')}`;
   aztecNodeConfig.validatorPrivateKey = `0x${validatorPrivKey!.toString('hex')}`;
 
-  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl);
+  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls);
 
   if (opts.l1StartTime) {
     await ethCheatCodes.warp(opts.l1StartTime);
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ async function setupFromFresh(
     opts.initialAccountFeeJuice,
   );
 
-  const deployL1ContractsValues = await setupL1Contracts(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, hdAccount, logger, {
+  const deployL1ContractsValues = await setupL1Contracts(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls[0], hdAccount, logger, {
     ...getL1ContractsConfigEnvVars(),
     genesisArchiveRoot,
     genesisBlockHash,
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ async function setupFromFresh(
   }
 
   const watcher = new AnvilTestWatcher(
-    new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl),
+    new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls),
     deployL1ContractsValues.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress,
     deployL1ContractsValues.publicClient,
   );
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ async function setupFromFresh(
   pxeConfig.dataDirectory = statePath ?? path.join(directoryToCleanup, randomBytes(8).toString('hex'));
   const pxe = await createPXEService(aztecNode, pxeConfig);
 
-  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, pxe);
+  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, pxe);
 
   if (statePath) {
     writeFileSync(`${statePath}/aztec_node_config.json`, JSON.stringify(aztecNodeConfig, resolver));
@@ -486,10 +486,10 @@ async function setupFromState(statePath: string, logger: Logger): Promise<Subsys
 
   // Start anvil. We go via a wrapper script to ensure if the parent dies, anvil dies.
   const { anvil, rpcUrl } = await startAnvil();
-  aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl = rpcUrl;
+  aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls = [rpcUrl];
   // Load anvil state.
   const anvilStateFile = `${statePath}/anvil.dat`;
-  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl);
+  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls);
   await ethCheatCodes.loadChainState(anvilStateFile);
 
   // TODO: Encapsulate this in a NativeAcvm impl.
@@ -506,10 +506,10 @@ async function setupFromState(statePath: string, logger: Logger): Promise<Subsys
   }
 
   logger.verbose('Creating ETH clients...');
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, mnemonicToAccount(MNEMONIC));
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, mnemonicToAccount(MNEMONIC));
 
   const watcher = new AnvilTestWatcher(
-    new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl),
+    new EthCheatCodesWithState(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls),
     aztecNodeConfig.l1Contracts.rollupAddress,
     publicClient,
   );
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ async function setupFromState(statePath: string, logger: Logger): Promise<Subsys
   pxeConfig.dataDirectory = statePath;
   const pxe = await createPXEService(aztecNode, pxeConfig);
 
-  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, pxe);
+  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, pxe);
 
   return {
     aztecNodeConfig,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/utils.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/utils.ts
index 2d07494be8f4..a39804d411a8 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/utils.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/fixtures/utils.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   BatchCall,
   CheatCodes,
   type ContractMethod,
-  type DeployL1Contracts,
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
   FeeJuicePaymentMethod,
   type Logger,
   type PXE,
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ import {
   type Chain,
   type HDAccount,
   type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
   type PrivateKeyAccount,
   createPublicClient,
   createWalletClient,
+  fallback,
   getContract,
   http,
 } from 'viem';
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ export const getPrivateKeyFromIndex = (index: number): Buffer | null => {
 };
 
 export const setupL1Contracts = async (
-  l1RpcUrl: string,
+  l1RpcUrls: string[],
   account: HDAccount | PrivateKeyAccount,
   logger: Logger,
   args: Partial<DeployL1ContractsArgs> = {},
   chain: Chain = foundry,
 ) => {
-  const l1Data = await deployL1Contracts(l1RpcUrl, account, chain, logger, {
+  const l1Data = await deployL1Contracts(l1RpcUrls, account, chain, logger, {
     l2FeeJuiceAddress: ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice.toField(),
     vkTreeRoot: getVKTreeRoot(),
     protocolContractTreeRoot,
@@ -225,21 +225,21 @@ async function setupWithRemoteEnvironment(
   logger.verbose(`Retrieving contract addresses from ${PXE_URL}`);
   const l1Contracts = (await pxeClient.getNodeInfo()).l1ContractAddresses;
 
-  const walletClient = createWalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, HDAccount>({
+  const walletClient = createWalletClient({
     account,
     chain: foundry,
-    transport: http(config.l1RpcUrl),
+    transport: fallback(config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
   });
   const publicClient = createPublicClient({
     chain: foundry,
-    transport: http(config.l1RpcUrl),
+    transport: fallback(config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
   });
-  const deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts = {
+  const deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType = {
     l1ContractAddresses: l1Contracts,
     walletClient,
     publicClient,
   };
-  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(config.l1RpcUrl, pxeClient!);
+  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(config.l1RpcUrls, pxeClient!);
   const teardown = () => Promise.resolve();
 
   await setupCanonicalFeeJuice(pxeClient);
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ export type SetupOptions = {
   /** Whether to enable metrics collection, if undefined, metrics collection is disabled */
   metricsPort?: number | undefined;
   /** Previously deployed contracts on L1 */
-  deployL1ContractsValues?: DeployL1Contracts;
+  deployL1ContractsValues?: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   /** Whether to skip deployment of protocol contracts (auth registry, etc) */
   skipProtocolContracts?: boolean;
   /** Initial fee juice for default accounts */
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ export type EndToEndContext = {
   /** The Private eXecution Environment (PXE). */
   pxe: PXE;
   /** Return values from deployL1Contracts function. */
-  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   /** The Aztec Node configuration. */
   config: AztecNodeConfig;
   /** The data for the initial funded accounts. */
@@ -372,19 +372,19 @@ export async function setup(
 
   let anvil: Anvil | undefined;
 
-  if (!config.l1RpcUrl) {
+  if (!config.l1RpcUrls?.length) {
     if (!isAnvilTestChain(chain.id)) {
-      throw new Error(`No ETHEREUM_HOST set but non anvil chain requested`);
+      throw new Error(`No ETHEREUM_HOSTS set but non anvil chain requested`);
     }
     if (PXE_URL) {
       throw new Error(
-        `PXE_URL provided but no ETHEREUM_HOST set. Refusing to run, please set both variables so tests can deploy L1 contracts to the same Anvil instance`,
+        `PXE_URL provided but no ETHEREUM_HOSTS set. Refusing to run, please set both variables so tests can deploy L1 contracts to the same Anvil instance`,
       );
     }
 
     const res = await startAnvil({ l1BlockTime: opts.ethereumSlotDuration });
     anvil = res.anvil;
-    config.l1RpcUrl = res.rpcUrl;
+    config.l1RpcUrls = [res.rpcUrl];
   }
 
   // Enable logging metrics to a local file named after the test suite
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ export async function setup(
     setupMetricsLogger(filename);
   }
 
-  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrl);
+  const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrls);
 
   if (opts.stateLoad) {
     await ethCheatCodes.loadChainState(opts.stateLoad);
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ export async function setup(
   const deployL1ContractsValues =
     opts.deployL1ContractsValues ??
     (await setupL1Contracts(
-      config.l1RpcUrl,
+      config.l1RpcUrls,
       publisherHdAccount!,
       logger,
       { ...opts, genesisArchiveRoot, genesisBlockHash },
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ export async function setup(
   const dateProvider = new TestDateProvider();
 
   const watcher = new AnvilTestWatcher(
-    new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrl),
+    new EthCheatCodesWithState(config.l1RpcUrls),
     deployL1ContractsValues.l1ContractAddresses.rollupAddress,
     deployL1ContractsValues.publicClient,
     dateProvider,
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ export async function setup(
     );
   }
 
-  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(config.l1RpcUrl, pxe!);
+  const cheatCodes = await CheatCodes.create(config.l1RpcUrls, pxe!);
 
   const teardown = async () => {
     await pxeTeardown();
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ export async function createAndSyncProverNode(
 }
 
 function createDelayedL1TxUtils(aztecNodeConfig: AztecNodeConfig, privateKey: `0x${string}`, logName: string) {
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, privateKey, foundry);
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, privateKey, foundry);
 
   const log = createLogger(logName);
   const l1TxUtils = new DelayedTxUtils(publicClient, walletClient, log, aztecNodeConfig);
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ export async function createForwarderContract(
   privateKey: `0x${string}`,
   rollupAddress: Hex,
 ) {
-  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrl, privateKey, foundry);
+  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(aztecNodeConfig.l1RpcUrls, privateKey, foundry);
   const forwarderContract = await ForwarderContract.create(
     walletClient.account.address,
     walletClient,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/guides/dapp_testing.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/guides/dapp_testing.test.ts
index 4189b7bc24e5..039fa607b46d 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/guides/dapp_testing.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/guides/dapp_testing.test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { TokenContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token';
 import { U128_UNDERFLOW_ERROR } from '../fixtures/fixtures.js';
 import { mintTokensToPrivate } from '../fixtures/token_utils.js';
 
-const { PXE_URL = 'http://localhost:8080', ETHEREUM_HOST = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
+const { PXE_URL = 'http://localhost:8080', ETHEREUM_HOSTS = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
 
 describe('guides/dapp/testing', () => {
   describe('on local sandbox', () => {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe('guides/dapp/testing', () => {
         await mintTokensToPrivate(token, owner, ownerAddress, mintAmount);
 
         // docs:start:calc-slot
-        cheats = await CheatCodes.create(ETHEREUM_HOST, pxe);
+        cheats = await CheatCodes.create(ETHEREUM_HOSTS.split(','), pxe);
         // The balances mapping is indexed by user address
         ownerSlot = await cheats.aztec.computeSlotInMap(TokenContract.storage.balances.slot, ownerAddress);
         // docs:end:calc-slot
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/public-testnet/e2e_public_testnet_transfer.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/public-testnet/e2e_public_testnet_transfer.test.ts
index 44cf0b907731..86fe0904e6d7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/public-testnet/e2e_public_testnet_transfer.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/public-testnet/e2e_public_testnet_transfer.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { setup } from '../fixtures/utils.js';
 
 // process.env.SEQ_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY = '<PRIVATE_KEY_WITH_SEPOLIA_ETH>';
 // process.env.PROVER_PUBLISHER_PRIVATE_KEY = '<PRIVATE_KEY_WITH_SEPOLIA_ETH>';
-// process.env.ETHEREUM_HOST= 'https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/<API_KEY>';
+// process.env.ETHEREUM_HOSTS= 'https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/<API_KEY>';
 // process.env.L1_CHAIN_ID = '11155111';
 
 describe(`deploys and transfers a private only token`, () => {
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/sample-dapp/index.test.mjs b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/sample-dapp/index.test.mjs
index 0c28cad7eb6b..9ab94cf281d6 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/sample-dapp/index.test.mjs
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/sample-dapp/index.test.mjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createLogger, createPXEClient, waitForPXE } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
 
 import { deployToken } from '../fixtures/token_utils';
 
-const { PXE_URL = 'http://localhost:8080', ETHEREUM_HOST = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
+const { PXE_URL = 'http://localhost:8080', ETHEREUM_HOSTS = 'http://localhost:8545' } = process.env;
 
 // Note: To run this test you need to spin up Aztec sandbox. Build the aztec image (or pull it with aztec-up if on
 // master) and then run this test as usual (yarn test src/sample-dapp/index.test.mjs).
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/cross_chain_test_harness.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/cross_chain_test_harness.ts
index f5ebbf71cdb1..9201bafab680 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/cross_chain_test_harness.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/cross_chain_test_harness.ts
@@ -18,20 +18,12 @@ import {
   deployL1Contract,
   retryUntil,
 } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
-import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { L1ContractAddresses, ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { TestERC20Abi, TestERC20Bytecode, TokenPortalAbi, TokenPortalBytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { TokenContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token';
 import { TokenBridgeContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/TokenBridge';
 
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import { mintTokensToPrivate } from '../fixtures/token_utils.js';
 
@@ -48,8 +40,8 @@ import { mintTokensToPrivate } from '../fixtures/token_utils.js';
  */
 export async function deployAndInitializeTokenAndBridgeContracts(
   wallet: Wallet,
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   rollupRegistryAddress: EthAddress,
   owner: AztecAddress,
   underlyingERC20Address?: EthAddress,
@@ -142,8 +134,8 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
   static async new(
     aztecNode: AztecNode,
     pxeService: PXE,
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
-    walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     wallet: AccountWallet,
     logger: Logger,
     underlyingERC20Address?: EthAddress,
@@ -205,9 +197,9 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
     /** Underlying token for portal tests. */
     public underlyingERC20Address: EthAddress,
     /** Viem Public client instance. */
-    public publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+    public publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     /** Viem Wallet Client instance. */
-    public walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    public walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
 
     /** Deployment addresses for all L1 contracts */
     public readonly l1ContractAddresses: L1ContractAddresses,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/gas_portal_test_harness.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/gas_portal_test_harness.ts
index 25a6f1c86fe3..104543157ef8 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/gas_portal_test_harness.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/gas_portal_test_harness.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ import {
   type Wallet,
   retryUntil,
 } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { FeeJuiceContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/FeeJuice';
 import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
 
-import type { Account, Chain, HttpTransport, PublicClient, WalletClient } from 'viem';
-
 export interface IGasBridgingTestHarness {
   getL1FeeJuiceBalance(address: EthAddress): Promise<bigint>;
   prepareTokensOnL1(bridgeAmount: bigint, owner: AztecAddress): Promise<L2AmountClaim>;
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ export interface IGasBridgingTestHarness {
 export interface FeeJuicePortalTestingHarnessFactoryConfig {
   aztecNode: AztecNode;
   pxeService: PXE;
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
   wallet: Wallet;
   logger: Logger;
   mockL1?: boolean;
@@ -97,9 +96,9 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
     /** Underlying token for portal tests. */
     public l1FeeJuiceAddress: EthAddress,
     /** Viem Public client instance. */
-    public publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+    public publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     /** Viem Wallet Client instance. */
-    public walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    public walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
   ) {
     this.feeJuicePortalManager = new L1FeeJuicePortalManager(
       this.feeJuicePortalAddress,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/uniswap_l1_l2.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/uniswap_l1_l2.ts
index 7996e1ab9f6c..e9019a2dedf1 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/uniswap_l1_l2.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/shared/uniswap_l1_l2.ts
@@ -10,24 +10,19 @@ import {
   computeAuthWitMessageHash,
   generateClaimSecret,
 } from '@aztec/aztec.js';
-import { type DeployL1Contracts, deployL1Contract, extractEvent } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import {
+  type DeployL1ContractsReturnType,
+  type ViemPublicClient,
+  type ViemWalletClient,
+  deployL1Contract,
+  extractEvent,
+} from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { sha256ToField } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
 import { InboxAbi, RollupAbi, UniswapPortalAbi, UniswapPortalBytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { UniswapContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Uniswap';
 
 import { jest } from '@jest/globals';
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  getContract,
-  parseEther,
-  toFunctionSelector,
-} from 'viem';
-import type * as chains from 'viem/chains';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, getContract, parseEther, toFunctionSelector } from 'viem';
 
 import { ensureAccountsPubliclyDeployed } from '../fixtures/utils.js';
 import { CrossChainTestHarness } from './cross_chain_test_harness.js';
@@ -51,15 +46,15 @@ export type UniswapSetupContext = {
   /** Logger instance named as the current test. */
   logger: Logger;
   /** Viem Public client instance. */
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   /** Viem Wallet Client instance. */
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
   /** The owner wallet. */
   ownerWallet: AccountWallet;
   /** The sponsor wallet. */
   sponsorWallet: AccountWallet;
   /**  */
-  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
+  deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
   /** Cheat codes instance. */
   cheatCodes: CheatCodes;
 };
@@ -81,8 +76,8 @@ export const uniswapL1L2TestSuite = (
     let pxe: PXE;
     let logger: Logger;
 
-    let walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-    let publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+    let walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+    let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
 
     let ownerWallet: AccountWallet;
     let ownerAddress: AztecAddress;
@@ -94,9 +89,9 @@ export const uniswapL1L2TestSuite = (
     let daiCrossChainHarness: CrossChainTestHarness;
     let wethCrossChainHarness: CrossChainTestHarness;
 
-    let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts;
-    let rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, WalletClient<HttpTransport, chains.Chain, Account>>;
-    let uniswapPortal: GetContractReturnType<typeof UniswapPortalAbi, WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>>;
+    let deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType;
+    let rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemWalletClient>;
+    let uniswapPortal: GetContractReturnType<typeof UniswapPortalAbi, ViemWalletClient>;
     let uniswapPortalAddress: EthAddress;
     let uniswapL2Contract: UniswapContract;
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts
index 0d60ab859da1..705b017bf3af 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/4epochs.test.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
 
   let testWallets: TestWallets;
   let PXE_URL: string;
-  let ETHEREUM_HOST: string;
+  let ETHEREUM_HOSTS: string;
 
   beforeAll(async () => {
     if (isK8sConfig(config)) {
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
           containerPort: config.CONTAINER_ETHEREUM_PORT,
           hostPort: config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT,
         });
-        ETHEREUM_HOST = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
+        ETHEREUM_HOSTS = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
       } else {
-        if (!config.ETHEREUM_HOST) {
-          throw new Error('ETHEREUM_HOST must be set for sepolia runs');
+        if (!config.ETHEREUM_HOSTS) {
+          throw new Error('ETHEREUM_HOSTS must be set for sepolia runs');
         }
-        ETHEREUM_HOST = config.ETHEREUM_HOST;
+        ETHEREUM_HOSTS = config.ETHEREUM_HOSTS;
       }
 
       await startPortForward({
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
       testWallets = await deployTestWalletWithTokens(
         PXE_URL,
         NODE_URL,
-        ETHEREUM_HOST,
+        ETHEREUM_HOSTS,
         L1_ACCOUNT_MNEMONIC,
         MINT_AMOUNT,
         logger,
       );
     } else {
       PXE_URL = config.PXE_URL;
-      ETHEREUM_HOST = config.ETHEREUM_HOST;
+      ETHEREUM_HOSTS = config.ETHEREUM_HOSTS;
       testWallets = await setupTestWalletsWithTokens(PXE_URL, MINT_AMOUNT, logger);
     }
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
   });
 
   it('transfer tokens for 4 epochs', async () => {
-    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(ETHEREUM_HOST);
+    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState([ETHEREUM_HOSTS]);
     const l1ContractAddresses = await testWallets.pxe.getNodeInfo().then(n => n.l1ContractAddresses);
     // Get 4 epochs
     const rollupCheatCodes = new RollupCheatCodes(ethCheatCodes, l1ContractAddresses);
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/gating-passive.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/gating-passive.test.ts
index bd40c7079717..efb3c13b0098 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/gating-passive.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/gating-passive.test.ts
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ describe('a test that passively observes the network in the presence of network
     });
 
     const client = await createCompatibleClient(PXE_URL, debugLogger);
-    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState(ETHEREUM_HOST);
+    const ethCheatCodes = new EthCheatCodesWithState([ETHEREUM_HOST]);
     const rollupCheatCodes = new RollupCheatCodes(
       ethCheatCodes,
       await client.getNodeInfo().then(n => n.l1ContractAddresses),
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/reorg.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/reorg.test.ts
index 6021af8f034f..56b1bd4dee69 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/reorg.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/reorg.test.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe('reorg test', () => {
   const MINT_AMOUNT = 2_000_000n;
   const SETUP_EPOCHS = 2;
   const TRANSFER_AMOUNT = 1n;
-  const ETHEREUM_HOST = `http://127.0.0.1:${HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
+  const ETHEREUM_HOSTS = `http://127.0.0.1:${HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
   const PXE_URL = `http://127.0.0.1:${HOST_PXE_PORT}`;
 
   let testWallets: TestWallets;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ describe('reorg test', () => {
     });
     testWallets = await setupTestWalletsWithTokens(PXE_URL, MINT_AMOUNT, debugLogger);
     const rollupCheatCodes = new RollupCheatCodes(
-      new EthCheatCodesWithState(ETHEREUM_HOST),
+      new EthCheatCodesWithState([ETHEREUM_HOSTS]),
       await testWallets.pxe.getNodeInfo().then(n => n.l1ContractAddresses),
     );
     const { epochDuration, slotDuration } = await rollupCheatCodes.getConfig();
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/setup_test_wallets.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/setup_test_wallets.ts
index 65ff2badd030..efdca31f0668 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/setup_test_wallets.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/setup_test_wallets.ts
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ async function bridgeL1FeeJuice(
   log: Logger,
 ) {
   const { l1ChainId } = await pxe.getNodeInfo();
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, l1ChainId);
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrl, mnemonicOrPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain([l1RpcUrl], l1ChainId);
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(chain.rpcUrls, mnemonicOrPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
 
   const portal = await L1FeeJuicePortalManager.new(pxe, publicClient, walletClient, log);
   const claim = await portal.bridgeTokensPublic(recipient, amount, true /* mint */);
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/transfer.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/transfer.test.ts
index 63d1cdf23e82..b836bda0ca4b 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/transfer.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/transfer.test.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
         containerPort: config.CONTAINER_ETHEREUM_PORT,
         hostPort: config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT,
       });
-      const ETHEREUM_HOST = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
+      const ETHEREUM_HOSTS = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
 
       await startPortForward({
         resource: `svc/${config.INSTANCE_NAME}-aztec-network-validator`,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ describe('token transfer test', () => {
       testWallets = await deployTestWalletWithTokens(
         PXE_URL,
         NODE_URL,
-        ETHEREUM_HOST,
+        ETHEREUM_HOSTS,
         L1_ACCOUNT_MNEMONIC,
         MINT_AMOUNT,
         logger,
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/upgrade_governance_proposer.test.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/upgrade_governance_proposer.test.ts
index 7fed811cb211..1d4ea7e788f7 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/upgrade_governance_proposer.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/upgrade_governance_proposer.test.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const debugLogger = createLogger('e2e:spartan-test:upgrade_governance_proposer')
 describe('spartan_upgrade_governance_proposer', () => {
   let pxe: PXE;
   let nodeInfo: NodeInfo;
-  let ETHEREUM_HOST: string;
+  let ETHEREUM_HOSTS: string[];
   beforeAll(async () => {
     await startPortForward({
       resource: `svc/${config.INSTANCE_NAME}-aztec-network-pxe`,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe('spartan_upgrade_governance_proposer', () => {
       containerPort: config.CONTAINER_ETHEREUM_PORT,
       hostPort: config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT,
     });
-    ETHEREUM_HOST = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`;
+    ETHEREUM_HOSTS = [`http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_ETHEREUM_PORT}`];
 
     const PXE_URL = `http://127.0.0.1:${config.HOST_PXE_PORT}`;
     pxe = await createCompatibleClient(PXE_URL, debugLogger);
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ describe('spartan_upgrade_governance_proposer', () => {
   // because the underlying validators are currently producing blob transactions
   // and you can't submit blob and non-blob transactions from the same account
   const setupDeployerAccount = async () => {
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(ETHEREUM_HOST, 1337);
-    const { walletClient: validatorWalletClient } = createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOST, MNEMONIC, chain.chainInfo);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(ETHEREUM_HOSTS, 1337);
+    const { walletClient: validatorWalletClient } = createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOSTS, MNEMONIC, chain.chainInfo);
     // const privateKey = generatePrivateKey();
     const privateKey = deployerPrivateKey;
     debugLogger.info(`deployer privateKey: ${privateKey}`);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe('spartan_upgrade_governance_proposer', () => {
       const receipt = await validatorWalletClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: tx });
       debugLogger.info(`receipt: ${stringify(receipt)}`);
     }
-    return createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOST, account, chain.chainInfo);
+    return createL1Clients(ETHEREUM_HOSTS, account, chain.chainInfo);
   };
 
   it(
diff --git a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/utils.ts b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/utils.ts
index 32258fe9b088..59adb58800d1 100644
--- a/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/utils.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/end-to-end/src/spartan/utils.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,19 @@ const execAsync = promisify(exec);
 
 const logger = createLogger('e2e:k8s-utils');
 
+const ethereumHostsSchema = z.string().refine(
+  str =>
+    str.split(',').every(url => {
+      try {
+        new URL(url.trim());
+        return true;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }),
+  'ETHEREUM_HOSTS must be a comma-separated list of valid URLs',
+);
+
 const k8sLocalConfigSchema = z.object({
   INSTANCE_NAME: z.string().min(1, 'INSTANCE_NAME env variable must be set'),
   NAMESPACE: z.string().min(1, 'NAMESPACE env variable must be set'),
@@ -32,7 +45,7 @@ const k8sLocalConfigSchema = z.object({
   GRAFANA_PASSWORD: z.string().optional(),
   METRICS_API_PATH: z.string().default('/api/datasources/proxy/uid/spartan-metrics-prometheus/api/v1'),
   SPARTAN_DIR: z.string().min(1, 'SPARTAN_DIR env variable must be set'),
-  ETHEREUM_HOST: z.string().url('ETHEREUM_HOST must be a valid URL').optional(),
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS: ethereumHostsSchema.optional(),
   L1_ACCOUNT_MNEMONIC: z.string().default('test test test test test test test test test test test junk'),
   SEPOLIA_RUN: z.string().default('false'),
   K8S: z.literal('local'),
@@ -47,7 +60,7 @@ const k8sGCloudConfigSchema = k8sLocalConfigSchema.extend({
 const directConfigSchema = z.object({
   PXE_URL: z.string().url('PXE_URL must be a valid URL'),
   NODE_URL: z.string().url('NODE_URL must be a valid URL'),
-  ETHEREUM_HOST: z.string().url('ETHEREUM_HOST must be a valid URL'),
+  ETHEREUM_HOSTS: ethereumHostsSchema,
   K8S: z.literal('false'),
 });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/config.ts b/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/config.ts
index 3cf1c705a7dd..6a9716527a39 100644
--- a/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/config.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/config.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
 
 export type EpochCacheConfig = Pick<
   L1ReaderConfig & L1ContractsConfig,
-  | 'l1RpcUrl'
+  | 'l1RpcUrls'
   | 'l1ChainId'
   | 'viemPollingIntervalMS'
   | 'aztecSlotDuration'
diff --git a/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/epoch_cache.ts b/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/epoch_cache.ts
index 58c5aa7a8ede..0db6112deea0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/epoch_cache.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/epoch-cache/src/epoch_cache.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 
 import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
-import { createPublicClient, encodeAbiParameters, http, keccak256 } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, encodeAbiParameters, fallback, http, keccak256 } from 'viem';
 
 import { type EpochCacheConfig, getEpochCacheConfigEnvVars } from './config.js';
 
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ export class EpochCache
   ) {
     config = config ?? getEpochCacheConfigEnvVars();
 
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
     const publicClient = createPublicClient({
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback(config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
       pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
     });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/chain.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/chain.ts
index 72f3a54c8ec3..1edae58ff7ae 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/chain.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/chain.ts
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ export interface EthereumChain {
   chainInfo: Chain;
 
   /**
-   * The actual url to be used.
+   * The list of actual urls to be used.
    */
-  rpcUrl: string;
+  rpcUrls: string[];
 }
 
 /**
  * Helper function to create an instance of Aztec Chain from an rpc url and api key.
- * @param rpcUrl - The rpc url of the chain or a chain identifier (e.g. 'testnet')
- * @param apiKey - An optional API key for the chain client.
+ * @param rpcUrls - List of RPC URLs of the chain or chain identifiers (e.g. 'testnet')
+ * @param _chainId - An optional chain identifier (e.g. 'testnet')
  */
-export function createEthereumChain(rpcUrl: string, _chainId: number | string): EthereumChain {
+export function createEthereumChain(rpcUrls: string[], _chainId: number | string): EthereumChain {
   let chainId: number;
   if (typeof _chainId === 'string') {
     chainId = +_chainId;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export function createEthereumChain(rpcUrl: string, _chainId: number | string):
         name: 'Ethereum',
         rpcUrls: {
           default: {
-            http: [rpcUrl],
+            http: rpcUrls,
           },
         },
         nativeCurrency: {
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ export function createEthereumChain(rpcUrl: string, _chainId: number | string):
           symbol: 'ETH',
         },
       },
-      rpcUrl,
+      rpcUrls,
     };
   } else {
     return {
       chainInfo: foundry,
-      rpcUrl,
+      rpcUrls,
     };
   }
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/client.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/client.ts
index 62528913b937..1b03e6d8a78b 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/client.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/client.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 
-import { createPublicClient, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, fallback, http } from 'viem';
 
 import { createEthereumChain } from './chain.js';
 import type { ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
 
 type Config = {
   /** The RPC Url of the ethereum host. */
-  l1RpcUrl: string;
+  l1RpcUrls: string[];
   /** The chain ID of the ethereum host. */
   l1ChainId: number;
   /** The polling interval viem uses in ms */
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ type Config = {
 
 /** Returns a viem public client given the L1 config. */
 export function getPublicClient(config: Config): ViemPublicClient {
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
   return createPublicClient({
     chain: chain.chainInfo,
-    transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+    transport: fallback(config.l1RpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
     pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
   });
 }
@@ -41,16 +41,18 @@ async function waitForRpc(client: ViemPublicClient, config: Config, logger?: Log
       try {
         chainId = await client.getChainId();
       } catch (err) {
-        logger?.warn(`Failed to connect to Ethereum node at ${config.l1RpcUrl}. Retrying...`);
+        logger?.warn(`Failed to connect to Ethereum node at ${config.l1RpcUrls.join(', ')}. Retrying...`);
       }
       return chainId;
     },
-    `L1 RPC url at ${config.l1RpcUrl}`,
+    `L1 RPC url at ${config.l1RpcUrls.join(', ')}`,
     600,
     1,
   );
 
   if (l1ChainId !== config.l1ChainId) {
-    throw new Error(`Ethereum node at ${config.l1RpcUrl} has chain ID ${l1ChainId} but expected ${config.l1ChainId}`);
+    throw new Error(
+      `Ethereum node at ${config.l1RpcUrls.join(', ')} has chain ID ${l1ChainId} but expected ${config.l1ChainId}`,
+    );
   }
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.test.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.test.ts
index f46557bffc5b..8ab31e63b923 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.test.ts
@@ -6,14 +6,7 @@ import { TestERC20Abi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/TestERC20Abi';
 import { TestERC20Bytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/TestERC20Bytecode';
 
 import type { Anvil } from '@viem/anvil';
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  encodeFunctionData,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, encodeFunctionData, getContract } from 'viem';
 import { type PrivateKeyAccount, privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
@@ -21,7 +14,7 @@ import { DefaultL1ContractsConfig } from '../config.js';
 import { createL1Clients, deployL1Contract, deployL1Contracts } from '../deploy_l1_contracts.js';
 import { L1TxUtils } from '../l1_tx_utils.js';
 import { startAnvil } from '../test/start_anvil.js';
-import type { L1Clients } from '../types.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '../types.js';
 import { FormattedViemError } from '../utils.js';
 import { ForwarderContract } from './forwarder.js';
 
@@ -34,13 +27,13 @@ describe('Forwarder', () => {
   let vkTreeRoot: Fr;
   let protocolContractTreeRoot: Fr;
   let l2FeeJuiceAddress: Fr;
-  let walletClient: L1Clients['walletClient'];
-  let publicClient: L1Clients['publicClient'];
+  let walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
+  let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   let forwarder: ForwarderContract;
   let l1TxUtils: L1TxUtils;
   let govProposerAddress: EthAddress;
   let tokenAddress: EthAddress;
-  let tokenContract: GetContractReturnType<typeof TestERC20Abi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  let tokenContract: GetContractReturnType<typeof TestERC20Abi, ViemPublicClient>;
   beforeAll(async () => {
     logger = createLogger('ethereum:test:forwarder');
     // this is the 6th address that gets funded by the junk mnemonic
@@ -52,9 +45,9 @@ describe('Forwarder', () => {
 
     ({ anvil, rpcUrl } = await startAnvil());
 
-    ({ walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, privateKey));
+    ({ walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients([rpcUrl], privateKey));
 
-    const deployed = await deployL1Contracts(rpcUrl, privateKey, foundry, logger, {
+    const deployed = await deployL1Contracts([rpcUrl], privateKey, foundry, logger, {
       ...DefaultL1ContractsConfig,
       salt: undefined,
       vkTreeRoot,
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.ts
index 705401f359c7..ff7e300e5520 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/forwarder.ts
@@ -3,25 +3,20 @@ import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { ForwarderAbi, ForwarderBytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
 import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
   type EncodeFunctionDataParameters,
   type GetContractReturnType,
   type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
   encodeFunctionData,
   getContract,
 } from 'viem';
 
 import { deployL1Contract } from '../deploy_l1_contracts.js';
 import type { L1BlobInputs, L1GasConfig, L1TxRequest, L1TxUtils } from '../l1_tx_utils.js';
-import type { L1Clients } from '../types.js';
+import type { L1Clients, ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from '../types.js';
 import { RollupContract } from './rollup.js';
 
 export class ForwarderContract {
-  private readonly forwarder: GetContractReturnType<typeof ForwarderAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private readonly forwarder: GetContractReturnType<typeof ForwarderAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
   constructor(public readonly client: L1Clients['publicClient'], address: Hex, public readonly rollupAddress: Hex) {
     this.forwarder = getContract({ address, abi: ForwarderAbi, client });
@@ -29,8 +24,8 @@ export class ForwarderContract {
 
   static async create(
     owner: Hex,
-    walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
-    publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+    walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
+    publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     logger: Logger,
     rollupAddress: Hex,
   ) {
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance.ts
index 7d97f9bbe3a7..16cf9742f058 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { GovernanceAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '../l1_contract_addresses.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '../types.js';
 import { GovernanceProposerContract } from './governance_proposer.js';
 
 export type L1GovernanceContractAddresses = Pick<
@@ -19,9 +13,9 @@ export type L1GovernanceContractAddresses = Pick<
 >;
 
 export class GovernanceContract {
-  private readonly governance: GetContractReturnType<typeof GovernanceAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private readonly governance: GetContractReturnType<typeof GovernanceAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
-  constructor(public readonly client: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>, address: Hex) {
+  constructor(public readonly client: ViemPublicClient, address: Hex) {
     this.governance = getContract({ address, abi: GovernanceAbi, client });
   }
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance_proposer.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance_proposer.ts
index f3b3704637b8..83d7578365c0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance_proposer.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/governance_proposer.ts
@@ -2,25 +2,16 @@ import { memoize } from '@aztec/foundation/decorators';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { GovernanceProposerAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type TransactionReceipt,
-  encodeFunctionData,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, type TransactionReceipt, encodeFunctionData, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import type { GasPrice, L1TxRequest, L1TxUtils } from '../l1_tx_utils.js';
-import type { L1Clients } from '../types.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '../types.js';
 import { type IEmpireBase, encodeVote } from './empire_base.js';
 
 export class GovernanceProposerContract implements IEmpireBase {
-  private readonly proposer: GetContractReturnType<typeof GovernanceProposerAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private readonly proposer: GetContractReturnType<typeof GovernanceProposerAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
-  constructor(public readonly client: L1Clients['publicClient'], address: Hex) {
+  constructor(public readonly client: ViemPublicClient, address: Hex) {
     this.proposer = getContract({ address, abi: GovernanceProposerAbi, client });
   }
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/registry.test.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/registry.test.ts
index 5c50347f09d2..c925e3b746d0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/registry.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/registry.test.ts
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ describe('Registry', () => {
 
     ({ anvil, rpcUrl } = await startAnvil());
 
-    ({ publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, privateKey));
+    ({ publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients([rpcUrl], privateKey));
 
-    const deployed = await deployL1Contracts(rpcUrl, privateKey, foundry, logger, {
+    const deployed = await deployL1Contracts([rpcUrl], privateKey, foundry, logger, {
       ...DefaultL1ContractsConfig,
       salt: originalVersionSalt,
       vkTreeRoot,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ describe('Registry', () => {
     const newVersionSalt = originalVersionSalt + 1;
 
     const { rollup: newRollup, payloadAddress } = await deployRollupAndPeriphery(
-      rpcUrl,
+      [rpcUrl],
       foundry,
       privateKey,
       {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ async function executeGovernanceProposal(
     });
   };
 
-  const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl, logger);
+  const cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes([rpcUrl], logger);
 
   const timeToActive = proposal.creation + proposal.config.votingDelay;
   logger.info(`Warping to ${timeToActive + 1n}`);
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/rollup.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/rollup.ts
index 17cd89ffb7df..4dd66ee9b104 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/rollup.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/rollup.ts
@@ -3,23 +3,13 @@ import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { ViemSignature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
 import { RollupAbi, RollupStorage, SlasherAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import {
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  createPublicClient,
-  getAddress,
-  getContract,
-  http,
-} from 'viem';
-
-import { createEthereumChain } from '../chain.js';
-import type { DeployL1Contracts } from '../deploy_l1_contracts.js';
+import { type Account, type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, getAddress, getContract } from 'viem';
+
+import { getPublicClient } from '../client.js';
+import type { DeployL1ContractsReturnType } from '../deploy_l1_contracts.js';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '../l1_contract_addresses.js';
 import type { L1ReaderConfig } from '../l1_reader.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '../types.js';
 import { formatViemError } from '../utils.js';
 import { SlashingProposerContract } from './slashing_proposer.js';
 
@@ -35,7 +25,7 @@ export type L1RollupContractAddresses = Pick<
 >;
 
 export class RollupContract {
-  private readonly rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private readonly rollup: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
   static get checkBlobStorageSlot(): bigint {
     const asString = RollupStorage.find(storage => storage.label === 'checkBlob')?.slot;
@@ -45,7 +35,7 @@ export class RollupContract {
     return BigInt(asString);
   }
 
-  static getFromL1ContractsValues(deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1Contracts) {
+  static getFromL1ContractsValues(deployL1ContractsValues: DeployL1ContractsReturnType) {
     const {
       publicClient,
       l1ContractAddresses: { rollupAddress },
@@ -54,15 +44,12 @@ export class RollupContract {
   }
 
   static getFromConfig(config: L1ReaderConfig) {
-    const client = createPublicClient({
-      transport: http(config.l1RpcUrl),
-      chain: createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId).chainInfo,
-    });
+    const client = getPublicClient(config);
     const address = config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress.toString();
     return new RollupContract(client, address);
   }
 
-  constructor(public readonly client: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>, address: Hex | EthAddress) {
+  constructor(public readonly client: ViemPublicClient, address: Hex | EthAddress) {
     if (address instanceof EthAddress) {
       address = address.toString();
     }
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/slashing_proposer.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/slashing_proposer.ts
index b0322e56225e..47d36efd84aa 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/slashing_proposer.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/contracts/slashing_proposer.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,16 @@
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { SlashingProposerAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  getContract,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 
 import type { L1TxRequest } from '../l1_tx_utils.js';
-import type { L1Clients } from '../types.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '../types.js';
 import { type IEmpireBase, encodeVote } from './empire_base.js';
 
 export class SlashingProposerContract implements IEmpireBase {
-  private readonly proposer: GetContractReturnType<typeof SlashingProposerAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>>;
+  private readonly proposer: GetContractReturnType<typeof SlashingProposerAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
 
-  constructor(public readonly client: L1Clients['publicClient'], address: Hex) {
+  constructor(public readonly client: ViemPublicClient, address: Hex) {
     this.proposer = getContract({ address, abi: SlashingProposerAbi, client });
   }
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.test.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.test.ts
index cfd59e928adb..1d5a46063453 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.test.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ describe('deploy_l1_contracts', () => {
   });
 
   const deploy = (args: Partial<DeployL1ContractsArgs> = {}) =>
-    deployL1Contracts(rpcUrl!, privateKey, createEthereumChain(rpcUrl!, chainId).chainInfo, logger, {
+    deployL1Contracts([rpcUrl!], privateKey, createEthereumChain([rpcUrl!], chainId).chainInfo, logger, {
       ...DefaultL1ContractsConfig,
       salt: undefined,
       vkTreeRoot,
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
index 3cdd77fbc552..062fc50a60d3 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/deploy_l1_contracts.ts
@@ -37,16 +37,13 @@ import {
 
 import type { Abi, Narrow } from 'abitype';
 import {
-  type Account,
   type Chain,
   type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
   concatHex,
   createPublicClient,
   createWalletClient,
   encodeDeployData,
+  fallback,
   getAddress,
   getContract,
   getContractAddress,
@@ -64,22 +61,22 @@ import { RegistryContract } from './contracts/registry.js';
 import { RollupContract } from './contracts/rollup.js';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from './l1_contract_addresses.js';
 import { L1TxUtils, type L1TxUtilsConfig, defaultL1TxUtilsConfig } from './l1_tx_utils.js';
-import type { L1Clients } from './types.js';
+import type { L1Clients, ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from './types.js';
 
 export const DEPLOYER_ADDRESS: Hex = '0x4e59b44847b379578588920cA78FbF26c0B4956C';
 
 /**
  * Return type of the deployL1Contract function.
  */
-export type DeployL1Contracts = {
+export type DeployL1ContractsReturnType = {
   /**
    * Wallet Client Type.
    */
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
   /**
    * Public Client Type.
    */
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   /**
    * The currently deployed l1 contract addresses
    */
@@ -211,13 +208,13 @@ export interface DeployL1ContractsArgs extends L1ContractsConfig {
 
 /**
  * Creates a wallet and a public viem client for interacting with L1.
- * @param rpcUrl - RPC URL to connect to L1.
+ * @param rpcUrls - List of RPC URLs to connect to L1.
  * @param mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount - Mnemonic or account for the wallet client.
  * @param chain - Optional chain spec (defaults to local foundry).
  * @returns - A wallet and a public client.
  */
 export function createL1Clients(
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount: string | `0x${string}` | HDAccount | PrivateKeyAccount,
   chain: Chain = foundry,
 ): L1Clients {
@@ -238,11 +235,11 @@ export function createL1Clients(
   const walletClient = createWalletClient({
     account: hdAccount,
     chain,
-    transport: http(rpcUrl),
+    transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
   }).extend(publicActions);
   const publicClient = createPublicClient({
     chain,
-    transport: http(rpcUrl),
+    transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
     pollingInterval: 100,
   });
 
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ export function createL1Clients(
 }
 
 export const deployRollupAndPeriphery = async (
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   chain: Chain,
   account: HDAccount | PrivateKeyAccount,
   args: DeployL1ContractsArgs,
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ export const deployRollupAndPeriphery = async (
   logger: Logger,
   txUtilsConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig,
 ) => {
-  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, account, chain);
+  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrls, account, chain);
   const deployer = new L1Deployer(walletClient, publicClient, args.salt, logger, txUtilsConfig);
 
   const rollup = await deployRollup(walletClient, publicClient, deployer, args, addresses, logger);
@@ -389,7 +386,7 @@ export const deployRollup = async (
 
 /**
  * Deploys the aztec L1 contracts; Rollup & (optionally) Decoder Helper.
- * @param rpcUrl - URL of the ETH RPC to use for deployment.
+ * @param rpcUrls - List of URLs of the ETH RPC to use for deployment.
  * @param account - Private Key or HD Account that will deploy the contracts.
  * @param chain - The chain instance to deploy to.
  * @param logger - A logger object.
@@ -397,36 +394,36 @@ export const deployRollup = async (
  * @returns A list of ETH addresses of the deployed contracts.
  */
 export const deployL1Contracts = async (
-  rpcUrl: string,
+  rpcUrls: string[],
   account: HDAccount | PrivateKeyAccount,
   chain: Chain,
   logger: Logger,
   args: DeployL1ContractsArgs,
   txUtilsConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig = defaultL1TxUtilsConfig,
-): Promise<DeployL1Contracts> => {
+): Promise<DeployL1ContractsReturnType> => {
   // We are assuming that you are running this on a local anvil node which have 1s block times
   // To align better with actual deployment, we update the block interval to 12s
-  // The code is same as `setBlockInterval` in `cheat_codes.ts`
+  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrls, account, chain);
+
   const rpcCall = async (method: string, params: any[]) => {
-    const paramsString = JSON.stringify(params);
-    const content = {
-      body: `{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "method": "${method}", "params": ${paramsString}, "id": 1}`,
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-    };
-    return await (await fetch(rpcUrl, content)).json();
+    logger.info(`Calling ${method} with params: ${JSON.stringify(params)}`);
+    return (await publicClient.transport.request({
+      method,
+      params,
+    })) as any;
   };
+
   if (isAnvilTestChain(chain.id)) {
-    const res = await rpcCall('anvil_setBlockTimestampInterval', [args.ethereumSlotDuration]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting block interval: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await rpcCall('anvil_setBlockTimestampInterval', [args.ethereumSlotDuration]);
+      logger.warn(`Set block interval to ${args.ethereumSlotDuration}`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      logger.error(`Error setting block interval: ${e}`);
     }
-    logger.warn(`Set block interval to ${args.ethereumSlotDuration}`);
   }
 
   logger.verbose(`Deploying contracts from ${account.address.toString()}`);
 
-  const { walletClient, publicClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, account, chain);
   // Governance stuff
   const deployer = new L1Deployer(walletClient, publicClient, args.salt, logger, txUtilsConfig);
 
@@ -623,8 +620,8 @@ class L1Deployer {
   private txHashes: Hex[] = [];
   private l1TxUtils: L1TxUtils;
   constructor(
-    private walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
-    private publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+    private walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
+    private publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
     maybeSalt: number | undefined,
     private logger: Logger,
     private txUtilsConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig,
@@ -668,8 +665,8 @@ class L1Deployer {
  * @returns The ETH address the contract was deployed to.
  */
 export async function deployL1Contract(
-  walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+  walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   abi: Narrow<Abi | readonly unknown[]>,
   bytecode: Hex,
   args: readonly unknown[] = [],
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/eth_cheat_codes.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/eth_cheat_codes.ts
index 4999c584df39..6f12343c66bb 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/eth_cheat_codes.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/eth_cheat_codes.ts
@@ -3,32 +3,37 @@ import { keccak256 } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
-import type { Hex } from 'viem';
+import { type Hex, createPublicClient, fallback, http } from 'viem';
+
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
 
 /**
  * A class that provides utility functions for interacting with ethereum (L1).
  */
 export class EthCheatCodes {
+  private publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   constructor(
     /**
      * The RPC URL to use for interacting with the chain
      */
-    public rpcUrl: string,
+    public rpcUrls: string[],
     /**
      * The logger to use for the eth cheatcodes
      */
     public logger = createLogger('ethereum:cheat_codes'),
-  ) {}
+  ) {
+    this.publicClient = createPublicClient({
+      transport: fallback(this.rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
+    });
+  }
 
   async rpcCall(method: string, params: any[]) {
     const paramsString = JSON.stringify(params);
-    const content = {
-      body: `{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "method": "${method}", "params": ${paramsString}, "id": 1}`,
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-    };
-    this.logger.info(`Calling ${method} with params: ${paramsString} on ${this.rpcUrl}`);
-    return await (await fetch(this.rpcUrl, content)).json();
+    this.logger.info(`Calling ${method} with params: ${paramsString} on ${this.rpcUrls.join(', ')}`);
+    return (await this.publicClient.transport.request({
+      method,
+      params,
+    })) as any;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
   public async isAutoMining(): Promise<boolean> {
     try {
       const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_getAutomine', []);
-      return res.result;
+      return res;
     } catch (err) {
       this.logger.error(`Calling "anvil_getAutomine" failed with:`, err);
     }
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async blockNumber(): Promise<number> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('eth_blockNumber', []);
-    return parseInt(res.result, 16);
+    return parseInt(res, 16);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async chainId(): Promise<number> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('eth_chainId', []);
-    return parseInt(res.result, 16);
+    return parseInt(res, 16);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async timestamp(): Promise<number> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('eth_getBlockByNumber', ['latest', true]);
-    return parseInt(res.result.timestamp, 16);
+    return parseInt(res.timestamp, 16);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -82,9 +87,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
   }
 
   private async doMine(numberOfBlocks = 1): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_mine', [numberOfBlocks]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error mining: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_mine', [numberOfBlocks]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error mining: ${err}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -92,9 +98,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * Mines a single block with evm_mine
    */
   public async evmMine(): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('evm_mine', []);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error mining: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('evm_mine', []);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error mining: ${err}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -104,9 +111,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param balance - The balance to set
    */
   public async setBalance(account: EthAddress, balance: bigint): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_setBalance', [account.toString(), toHex(balance)]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting balance for ${account}: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_setBalance', [account.toString(), toHex(balance)]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting balance for ${account}: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set balance for ${account} to ${balance}`);
   }
@@ -116,9 +124,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param interval - The interval to use between blocks
    */
   public async setBlockInterval(interval: number): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_setBlockTimestampInterval', [interval]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting block interval: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_setBlockTimestampInterval', [interval]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting block interval: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 block interval to ${interval}`);
   }
@@ -128,9 +137,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param baseFee - The base fee to set
    */
   public async setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas(baseFee: bigint | number): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas', [baseFee.toString()]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting next block base fee per gas: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas', [baseFee.toString()]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting next block base fee per gas: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 next block base fee per gas to ${baseFee}`);
   }
@@ -140,9 +150,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param seconds - The interval to use between blocks
    */
   public async setIntervalMining(seconds: number): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_setIntervalMining', [seconds]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting interval mining: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_setIntervalMining', [seconds]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting interval mining: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 interval mining to ${seconds} seconds`);
   }
@@ -152,9 +163,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param automine - The automine status to set
    */
   public async setAutomine(automine: boolean): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_setAutomine', [automine]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting automine: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_setAutomine', [automine]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting automine: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 automine to ${automine}`);
   }
@@ -164,9 +176,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param txHash - The transaction hash
    */
   public async dropTransaction(txHash: Hex): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('anvil_dropTransaction', [txHash]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error dropping transaction: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('anvil_dropTransaction', [txHash]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error dropping transaction: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Dropped transaction ${txHash}`);
   }
@@ -176,9 +189,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param timestamp - The timestamp to set the next block to
    */
   public async setNextBlockTimestamp(timestamp: number): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('evm_setNextBlockTimestamp', [timestamp]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting next block timestamp: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('evm_setNextBlockTimestamp', [timestamp]);
+    } catch (err: any) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting next block timestamp: ${err.message}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 next block timestamp to ${timestamp}`);
   }
@@ -188,9 +202,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param timestamp - The timestamp to set the next block to
    */
   public async warp(timestamp: number | bigint, silent = false): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('evm_setNextBlockTimestamp', [Number(timestamp)]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error warping: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('evm_setNextBlockTimestamp', [Number(timestamp)]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error warping: ${err}`);
     }
     await this.doMine();
     if (!silent) {
@@ -206,7 +221,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async load(contract: EthAddress, slot: bigint): Promise<bigint> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('eth_getStorageAt', [contract.toString(), toHex(slot), 'latest']);
-    return BigInt(res.result);
+    return BigInt(res);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -217,9 +232,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async store(contract: EthAddress, slot: bigint, value: bigint): Promise<void> {
     // for the rpc call, we need to change value to be a 32 byte hex string.
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_setStorageAt', [contract.toString(), toHex(slot), toHex(value, true)]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting storage for contract ${contract} at ${slot}: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_setStorageAt', [contract.toString(), toHex(slot), toHex(value, true)]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting storage for contract ${contract} at ${slot}: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set L1 storage for contract ${contract} at ${slot} to ${value}`);
   }
@@ -241,9 +257,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param who - The address to impersonate
    */
   public async startImpersonating(who: EthAddress | Hex): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_impersonateAccount', [who.toString()]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error impersonating ${who}: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_impersonateAccount', [who.toString()]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error impersonating ${who}: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Impersonating ${who}`);
   }
@@ -253,9 +270,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param who - The address to stop impersonating
    */
   public async stopImpersonating(who: EthAddress | Hex): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_stopImpersonatingAccount', [who.toString()]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error when stopping the impersonation of ${who}: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_stopImpersonatingAccount', [who.toString()]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error when stopping the impersonation of ${who}: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Stopped impersonating ${who}`);
   }
@@ -266,9 +284,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    * @param bytecode - The bytecode to set
    */
   public async etch(contract: EthAddress, bytecode: `0x${string}`): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_setCode', [contract.toString(), bytecode]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error setting bytecode for ${contract}: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_setCode', [contract.toString(), bytecode]);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw new Error(`Error setting bytecode for ${contract}: ${err}`);
     }
     this.logger.warn(`Set bytecode for ${contract} to ${bytecode}`);
   }
@@ -280,7 +299,7 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async getBytecode(contract: EthAddress): Promise<`0x${string}`> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('eth_getCode', [contract.toString(), 'latest']);
-    return res.result;
+    return res;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -290,6 +309,6 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async getRawTransaction(txHash: Hex): Promise<`0x${string}`> {
     const res = await this.rpcCall('debug_getRawTransaction', [txHash]);
-    return res.result;
+    return res;
   }
 }
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_reader.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_reader.ts
index b9b9f75438c6..c35540b46933 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_reader.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_reader.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { type L1ContractAddresses, l1ContractAddressesMapping } from './l1_contr
 /** Configuration of the L1GlobalReader. */
 export interface L1ReaderConfig {
   /** The RPC Url of the ethereum host. */
-  l1RpcUrl: string;
+  l1RpcUrls: string[];
   /** The chain ID of the ethereum host. */
   l1ChainId: number;
   /** The deployed l1 contract addresses */
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ export interface L1ReaderConfig {
 }
 
 export const l1ReaderConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<L1ReaderConfig> = {
-  l1RpcUrl: {
-    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
+  l1RpcUrls: {
+    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS',
     description: 'The RPC Url of the ethereum host.',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => val.split(',').map(url => url.trim()),
   },
   l1ChainId: {
     env: 'L1_CHAIN_ID',
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.test.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.test.ts
index 97c364e21eb0..403a0f8748b4 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.test.ts
@@ -4,17 +4,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 
 import type { Anvil } from '@viem/anvil';
-import {
-  type Abi,
-  type Account,
-  type Chain,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
-  createPublicClient,
-  createWalletClient,
-  http,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type Abi, createPublicClient, createWalletClient, fallback, http } from 'viem';
 import { mnemonicToAccount, privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
@@ -22,6 +12,7 @@ import { EthCheatCodes } from './eth_cheat_codes.js';
 import { defaultL1TxUtilsConfig } from './l1_tx_utils.js';
 import { L1TxUtilsWithBlobs } from './l1_tx_utils_with_blobs.js';
 import { startAnvil } from './test/start_anvil.js';
+import type { SimpleViemWalletClient, ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
 import { formatViemError } from './utils.js';
 
 const MNEMONIC = 'test test test test test test test test test test test junk';
@@ -37,8 +28,8 @@ export type PendingTransaction = {
 
 describe('GasUtils', () => {
   let gasUtils: L1TxUtilsWithBlobs;
-  let walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>;
-  let publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+  let walletClient: SimpleViemWalletClient;
+  let publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   let anvil: Anvil;
   let cheatCodes: EthCheatCodes;
   const initialBaseFee = WEI_CONST; // 1 gwei
@@ -47,7 +38,7 @@ describe('GasUtils', () => {
   beforeAll(async () => {
     const { anvil: anvilInstance, rpcUrl } = await startAnvil({ l1BlockTime: 1 });
     anvil = anvilInstance;
-    cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes(rpcUrl);
+    cheatCodes = new EthCheatCodes([rpcUrl]);
     const hdAccount = mnemonicToAccount(MNEMONIC, { addressIndex: 0 });
     const privKeyRaw = hdAccount.getHdKey().privateKey;
     if (!privKeyRaw) {
@@ -57,12 +48,12 @@ describe('GasUtils', () => {
     const account = privateKeyToAccount(`0x${privKey}`);
 
     publicClient = createPublicClient({
-      transport: http(rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback([http(rpcUrl)]),
       chain: foundry,
     });
 
     walletClient = createWalletClient({
-      transport: http(rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback([http(rpcUrl)]),
       chain: foundry,
       account,
     });
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.ts
index c7b1c075c44f..614379d18341 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/l1_tx_utils.ts
@@ -15,22 +15,19 @@ import {
   type Address,
   type BaseError,
   type BlockOverrides,
-  type Chain,
   type ContractFunctionExecutionError,
   type GetTransactionReturnType,
   type Hex,
-  type HttpTransport,
   MethodNotFoundRpcError,
   MethodNotSupportedRpcError,
   type StateOverride,
   type TransactionReceipt,
-  type WalletClient,
   formatGwei,
   getContractError,
   hexToBytes,
 } from 'viem';
 
-import type { L1Clients } from './types.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from './types.js';
 import { formatViemError } from './utils.js';
 
 // 1_000_000_000 Gwei = 1 ETH
@@ -206,8 +203,8 @@ export class L1TxUtils {
   private interrupted = false;
 
   constructor(
-    public publicClient: L1Clients['publicClient'],
-    public walletClient: WalletClient<HttpTransport, Chain, Account>,
+    public publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    public walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
     protected readonly logger?: Logger,
     config?: Partial<L1TxUtilsConfig>,
   ) {
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/queries.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/queries.ts
index 36fde9203c8e..a8676d57d3d2 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/queries.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/queries.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 
-import type { Chain, HttpTransport, PublicClient } from 'viem';
-
 import type { L1ContractsConfig } from './config.js';
 import { GovernanceContract } from './contracts/governance.js';
 import { RollupContract } from './contracts/rollup.js';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from './l1_contract_addresses.js';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
 
 /** Given the Governance contract address, reads the addresses from all other contracts from L1. */
 export async function getL1ContractsAddresses(
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   governanceAddress: EthAddress,
 ): Promise<Omit<L1ContractAddresses, 'slashFactoryAddress' | 'coinIssuerAddress'>> {
   const governance = new GovernanceContract(publicClient, governanceAddress.toString());
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ export async function getL1ContractsAddresses(
 
 /** Reads the L1ContractsConfig from L1 contracts. */
 export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
-  publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>,
+  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
   addresses: { governanceAddress: EthAddress; rollupAddress?: EthAddress },
 ): Promise<Omit<L1ContractsConfig, 'ethereumSlotDuration'> & { l1StartBlock: bigint; l1GenesisTime: bigint }> {
   const governance = new GovernanceContract(publicClient, addresses.governanceAddress.toString());
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/eth_cheat_codes_with_state.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/eth_cheat_codes_with_state.ts
index 8f28d8961b08..7679aa87f2c8 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/eth_cheat_codes_with_state.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/eth_cheat_codes_with_state.ts
@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ export class EthCheatCodesWithState extends EthCheatCodes {
    * @param fileName - The file name to dump state into
    */
   public async dumpChainState(fileName: string): Promise<void> {
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_dumpState', []);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error dumping state: ${res.error.message}`);
+    let res: any;
+    try {
+      res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_dumpState', []);
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw new Error(`Error dumping state: ${e}`);
     }
-    const jsonContent = JSON.stringify(res.result);
-    fs.writeFileSync(`${fileName}.json`, jsonContent, 'utf8');
+    fs.writeFileSync(`${fileName}.json`, res, 'utf8');
     this.logger.verbose(`Dumped state to ${fileName}`);
   }
 
@@ -27,9 +28,10 @@ export class EthCheatCodesWithState extends EthCheatCodes {
    */
   public async loadChainState(fileName: string): Promise<void> {
     const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`${fileName}.json`, 'utf8'));
-    const res = await this.rpcCall('hardhat_loadState', [data]);
-    if (res.error) {
-      throw new Error(`Error loading state: ${res.error.message}`);
+    try {
+      await this.rpcCall('hardhat_loadState', [data]);
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw new Error(`Error loading state: ${e}`);
     }
     this.logger.verbose(`Loaded state from ${fileName}`);
   }
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.test.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.test.ts
index 39fc43b98f40..a7c767e15bf0 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.test.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { TestERC20Abi, TestERC20Bytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 
 import type { Anvil } from '@viem/anvil';
-import { type PrivateKeyAccount, createWalletClient, getContract, http, publicActions } from 'viem';
+import { type PrivateKeyAccount, createWalletClient, fallback, getContract, http, publicActions } from 'viem';
 import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
-import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from '../types.js';
 import { startAnvil } from './start_anvil.js';
 import { type Delayer, withDelayer } from './tx_delayer.js';
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ describe('tx_delayer', () => {
   let rpcUrl: string;
   let logger: Logger;
   let account: PrivateKeyAccount;
-  let client: ViemClient;
+  let client: ExtendedViemWalletClient;
   let delayer: Delayer;
 
   const ETHEREUM_SLOT_DURATION = 2;
@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ describe('tx_delayer', () => {
   });
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    const transport = http(rpcUrl);
     account = privateKeyToAccount('0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80');
-    ({ client, delayer } = withDelayer(
-      createWalletClient({ transport, chain: foundry, account }).extend(publicActions),
-      { ethereumSlotDuration: ETHEREUM_SLOT_DURATION },
-    ));
+    const _client = createWalletClient({
+      transport: fallback([http(rpcUrl)]),
+      chain: foundry,
+      account,
+    }).extend(publicActions);
+    ({ client, delayer } = withDelayer(_client, { ethereumSlotDuration: ETHEREUM_SLOT_DURATION }));
   });
 
   const receiptNotFound = expect.objectContaining({ name: 'TransactionReceiptNotFoundError' });
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.ts
index c2ecd25fbcd7..64f4ed31df78 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/test/tx_delayer.ts
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ import {
   type Client,
   type Hex,
   type PublicClient,
-  type WalletClient,
   keccak256,
   parseTransaction,
   publicActions,
   walletActions,
 } from 'viem';
 
+import type { ViemWalletClient } from '../types.js';
+
 export function waitUntilBlock<T extends Client>(client: T, blockNumber: number | bigint, logger?: Logger) {
   const publicClient =
     'getBlockNumber' in client && typeof client.getBlockNumber === 'function'
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ class DelayerImpl implements Delayer {
  * The delayer can be used to hold off the next tx to be sent until a given block number.
  * TODO(#10824): This doesn't play along well with blob txs for some reason.
  */
-export function withDelayer<T extends WalletClient>(
+export function withDelayer<T extends ViemWalletClient>(
   client: T,
   opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
 ): { client: T; delayer: Delayer } {
diff --git a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/types.ts b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/types.ts
index 3669fb245e32..5c7c895ee1b3 100644
--- a/yarn-project/ethereum/src/types.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/ethereum/src/types.ts
@@ -1,32 +1,33 @@
 import type {
+  Account,
   Chain,
   Client,
+  FallbackTransport,
   HttpTransport,
-  PrivateKeyAccount,
   PublicActions,
   PublicClient,
   PublicRpcSchema,
   WalletActions,
+  WalletClient,
   WalletRpcSchema,
 } from 'viem';
 
-/**
- * Type for a viem wallet and public client using a local private key.
- * Created as: `createWalletClient({ account: privateKeyToAccount(key), transport: http(url), chain }).extend(publicActions)`
- */
-export type ViemClient = Client<
-  HttpTransport,
+/** Type for a viem public client */
+export type ViemPublicClient = PublicClient<FallbackTransport<HttpTransport[]>, Chain>;
+
+export type SimpleViemWalletClient = WalletClient<FallbackTransport<HttpTransport[]>, Chain, Account>;
+
+export type ExtendedViemWalletClient = Client<
+  FallbackTransport<readonly HttpTransport[]>,
   Chain,
-  PrivateKeyAccount,
+  Account,
   [...PublicRpcSchema, ...WalletRpcSchema],
-  PublicActions<HttpTransport, Chain> & WalletActions<Chain, PrivateKeyAccount>
+  PublicActions<FallbackTransport<readonly HttpTransport[]>, Chain> & WalletActions<Chain, Account>
 >;
 
-/** Type for a viem public client */
-export type ViemPublicClient = PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>;
+export type ViemWalletClient = SimpleViemWalletClient | ExtendedViemWalletClient;
 
-/** Both L1 clients */
 export type L1Clients = {
   publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
-  walletClient: ViemClient;
+  walletClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient;
 };
diff --git a/yarn-project/foundation/src/config/env_var.ts b/yarn-project/foundation/src/config/env_var.ts
index f7f9e1153f29..4617444d5d27 100644
--- a/yarn-project/foundation/src/config/env_var.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/foundation/src/config/env_var.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ export type EnvVar =
   | 'DEBUG_P2P_DISABLE_COLOCATION_PENALTY'
   | 'DEPLOY_AZTEC_CONTRACTS_SALT'
   | 'DEPLOY_AZTEC_CONTRACTS'
-  | 'ETHEREUM_HOST'
+  | 'ENFORCE_FEES'
+  | 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS'
   | 'FEE_JUICE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'
   | 'FEE_JUICE_PORTAL_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'
   | 'FEE_RECIPIENT'
diff --git a/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/config.ts b/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/config.ts
index 9edd368779a8..e9eb22fff044 100644
--- a/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/config.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/config.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type TelemetryClientConfig, telemetryClientConfigMappings } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 export type ProofVerifierConfig = {
-  /** The URL to an L1 node */
-  l1Url: string;
+  /** The URLs to an L1 node */
+  l1Urls: string[];
   /** The L1 chain ID */
   l1ChainId: number;
   /** Start block number */
@@ -30,9 +30,10 @@ export type ProofVerifierConfig = {
 
 export const proofVerifierConfigMappings: ConfigMappingsType<ProofVerifierConfig> = {
   ...telemetryClientConfigMappings,
-  l1Url: {
-    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
+  l1Urls: {
+    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOSTS',
     description: 'The URL to an L1 node',
+    parseEnv: (val: string) => val.split(',').map(url => url.trim()),
   },
   l1ChainId: {
     env: 'L1_CHAIN_ID',
diff --git a/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/proof_verifier.ts b/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/proof_verifier.ts
index e64a432401ed..da0d03de9217 100644
--- a/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/proof_verifier.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/proof-verifier/src/proof_verifier.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { retrieveL2ProofsFromRollup } from '@aztec/archiver/data-retrieval';
 import { BBCircuitVerifier } from '@aztec/bb-prover';
-import { createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ViemPublicClient, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 import {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   trackSpan,
 } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
-import { type PublicClient, createPublicClient, http } from 'viem';
+import { createPublicClient, fallback, http } from 'viem';
 
 import type { ProofVerifierConfig } from './config.js';
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export class ProofVerifier implements Traceable {
 
   constructor(
     private config: ProofVerifierConfig,
-    private client: PublicClient,
+    private client: ViemPublicClient,
     private verifier: BBCircuitVerifier,
     telemetryClient: TelemetryClient,
     private logger: Logger,
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ export class ProofVerifier implements Traceable {
     const logger = createLogger('proof-verifier:block-verifier-bot');
     const verifier = await BBCircuitVerifier.new(config, logger);
     const client = createPublicClient({
-      chain: createEthereumChain(config.l1Url, config.l1ChainId).chainInfo,
-      transport: http(config.l1Url),
+      chain: createEthereumChain(config.l1Urls, config.l1ChainId).chainInfo,
+      transport: fallback(config.l1Urls.map(url => http(url))),
       pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
     });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/prover-client/src/proving_broker/proving_broker_database/broker_persisted_database.test.ts b/yarn-project/prover-client/src/proving_broker/proving_broker_database/broker_persisted_database.test.ts
index 92b9f356722d..e53f1b9548ca 100644
--- a/yarn-project/prover-client/src/proving_broker/proving_broker_database/broker_persisted_database.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/prover-client/src/proving_broker/proving_broker_database/broker_persisted_database.test.ts
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ describe('ProvingBrokerPersistedDatabase', () => {
       batchSize = 5;
 
       config = {
-        dataStoreMapSizeKB: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, // 1GB
+        dataStoreMapSizeKB: 1024 * 1024, // 1GB
         dataDirectory: directory,
         proverBrokerJobMaxRetries: 1,
         proverBrokerJobTimeoutMs: 1000,
diff --git a/yarn-project/prover-node/src/factory.ts b/yarn-project/prover-node/src/factory.ts
index c6052c505ec5..992dc2091a13 100644
--- a/yarn-project/prover-node/src/factory.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/prover-node/src/factory.ts
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ export async function createProverNode(
   const broker = deps.broker ?? (await createAndStartProvingBroker(config, telemetry));
   const prover = await createProverClient(config, worldStateSynchronizer, broker, telemetry);
 
-  const { l1RpcUrl: rpcUrl, l1ChainId: chainId, publisherPrivateKey } = config;
-  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrl, chainId);
-  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, publisherPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
+  const { l1RpcUrls: rpcUrls, l1ChainId: chainId, publisherPrivateKey } = config;
+  const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrls, chainId);
+  const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrls, publisherPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
 
   const rollupContract = new RollupContract(publicClient, config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress.toString());
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/client/sequencer-client.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/client/sequencer-client.ts
index 8538f9784b22..b97c776092ac 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/client/sequencer-client.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/client/sequencer-client.ts
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ export class SequencerClient {
       l1ToL2MessageSource,
       telemetry: telemetryClient,
     } = deps;
-    const { l1RpcUrl: rpcUrl, l1ChainId: chainId, publisherPrivateKey } = config;
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrl, chainId);
+    const { l1RpcUrls: rpcUrls, l1ChainId: chainId, publisherPrivateKey } = config;
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(rpcUrls, chainId);
     const log = createLogger('sequencer-client');
-    const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrl, publisherPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
+    const { publicClient, walletClient } = createL1Clients(rpcUrls, publisherPrivateKey, chain.chainInfo);
     const l1TxUtils = deps.l1TxUtils ?? new L1TxUtilsWithBlobs(publicClient, walletClient, log, config);
     const rollupContract = new RollupContract(publicClient, config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress.toString());
     const [l1GenesisTime, slotDuration] = await Promise.all([
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export class SequencerClient {
       (await EpochCache.create(
         config.l1Contracts.rollupAddress,
         {
-          l1RpcUrl: rpcUrl,
+          l1RpcUrls: rpcUrls,
           l1ChainId: chainId,
           viemPollingIntervalMS: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
           aztecSlotDuration: config.aztecSlotDuration,
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/global_variable_builder/global_builder.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/global_variable_builder/global_builder.ts
index 7a1036fbd8e3..9f5ff12d7c9d 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/global_variable_builder/global_builder.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/global_variable_builder/global_builder.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { type L1ContractsConfig, type L1ReaderConfig, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { ViemPublicClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
@@ -8,16 +9,7 @@ import { GasFees } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import type { GlobalVariableBuilder as GlobalVariableBuilderInterface } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { GlobalVariables } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
-import {
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  createPublicClient,
-  getAddress,
-  getContract,
-  http,
-} from 'viem';
-import type * as chains from 'viem/chains';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, createPublicClient, fallback, getAddress, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 
 /**
  * Simple global variables builder.
@@ -25,20 +17,20 @@ import type * as chains from 'viem/chains';
 export class GlobalVariableBuilder implements GlobalVariableBuilderInterface {
   private log = createLogger('sequencer:global_variable_builder');
 
-  private rollupContract: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, chains.Chain>>;
-  private publicClient: PublicClient<HttpTransport, chains.Chain>;
+  private rollupContract: GetContractReturnType<typeof RollupAbi, ViemPublicClient>;
+  private publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
   private ethereumSlotDuration: number;
 
   constructor(config: L1ReaderConfig & Pick<L1ContractsConfig, 'ethereumSlotDuration'>) {
-    const { l1RpcUrl, l1ChainId: chainId, l1Contracts } = config;
+    const { l1RpcUrls, l1ChainId: chainId, l1Contracts } = config;
 
-    const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrl, chainId);
+    const chain = createEthereumChain(l1RpcUrls, chainId);
 
     this.ethereumSlotDuration = config.ethereumSlotDuration;
 
     this.publicClient = createPublicClient({
       chain: chain.chainInfo,
-      transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+      transport: fallback(chain.rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
       pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
     });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/config.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/config.ts
index 747b939e4771..715db7cb76a1 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/config.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import { type BlobSinkConfig, blobSinkConfigMapping } from '@aztec/blob-sink/client';
-import { type L1ReaderConfig, type L1TxUtilsConfig, NULL_KEY, l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from '@aztec/ethereum';
-import { type ConfigMappingsType, getConfigFromMappings, numberConfigHelper } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+import {
+  type L1ReaderConfig,
+  type L1TxUtilsConfig,
+  NULL_KEY,
+  l1ReaderConfigMappings,
+  l1TxUtilsConfigMappings,
+} from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import { type ConfigMappingsType, getConfigFromMappings } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 
 /**
@@ -37,16 +43,7 @@ export type PublisherConfig = L1TxUtilsConfig &
 export const getTxSenderConfigMappings: (
   scope: 'PROVER' | 'SEQ',
 ) => ConfigMappingsType<Omit<TxSenderConfig, 'l1Contracts'>> = (scope: 'PROVER' | 'SEQ') => ({
-  l1RpcUrl: {
-    env: 'ETHEREUM_HOST',
-    description: 'The RPC Url of the ethereum host.',
-  },
-  l1ChainId: {
-    env: 'L1_CHAIN_ID',
-    parseEnv: (val: string) => +val,
-    defaultValue: 31337,
-    description: 'The chain ID of the ethereum host.',
-  },
+  ...l1ReaderConfigMappings,
   customForwarderContractAddress: {
     env: `CUSTOM_FORWARDER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS`,
     parseEnv: (val: string) => EthAddress.fromString(val),
@@ -65,11 +62,6 @@ export const getTxSenderConfigMappings: (
     defaultValue: 1,
     description: 'The number of confirmations required.',
   },
-  viemPollingIntervalMS: {
-    env: `${scope}_VIEM_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS`,
-    description: 'The polling interval viem uses in ms',
-    ...numberConfigHelper(1_000),
-  },
 });
 
 export function getTxSenderConfigFromEnv(scope: 'PROVER' | 'SEQ'): Omit<TxSenderConfig, 'l1Contracts'> {
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/sequencer-publisher.test.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/sequencer-publisher.test.ts
index c690500a46df..2510e053423b 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/sequencer-publisher.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/publisher/sequencer-publisher.test.ts
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ describe('SequencerPublisher', () => {
     l1TxUtils.getBlockNumber.mockResolvedValue(1n);
     const config = {
       blobSinkUrl: BLOB_SINK_URL,
-      l1RpcUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:8545`,
+      l1RpcUrls: [`http://127.0.0.1:8545`],
       l1ChainId: 1,
       publisherPrivateKey: `0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80`,
       l1Contracts: {
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.test.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.test.ts
index da37f4376204..f6e7b99fde9f 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.test.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.test.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe('In-Memory Slasher Client', () => {
       l1Contracts: {
         slashFactoryAddress: EthAddress.ZERO,
       } as unknown as L1ContractAddresses,
-      l1RpcUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:8545',
+      l1RpcUrls: ['http://127.0.0.1:8545'],
       l1ChainId: 1,
       viemPollingIntervalMS: 1000,
     };
diff --git a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.ts b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.ts
index 9ea74f1aa94b..847e8e335151 100644
--- a/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.ts
+++ b/yarn-project/sequencer-client/src/slasher/slasher_client.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import { INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM } from '@aztec/constants';
-import { type L1ContractsConfig, type L1ReaderConfig, createEthereumChain } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import {
+  type L1ContractsConfig,
+  type L1ReaderConfig,
+  type ViemPublicClient,
+  createEthereumChain,
+} from '@aztec/ethereum';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap, AztecAsyncSingleton } from '@aztec/kv-store';
@@ -14,16 +19,7 @@ import {
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import { type TelemetryClient, WithTracer, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
-import {
-  type Chain,
-  type GetContractReturnType,
-  type HttpTransport,
-  type PublicClient,
-  createPublicClient,
-  getAddress,
-  getContract,
-  http,
-} from 'viem';
+import { type GetContractReturnType, createPublicClient, fallback, getAddress, getContract, http } from 'viem';
 
 /**
  * Enum defining the possible states of the Slasher client.
@@ -100,8 +96,7 @@ export class SlasherClient extends WithTracer {
 
   private slashEvents: SlashEvent[] = [];
 
-  protected slashFactoryContract?: GetContractReturnType<typeof SlashFactoryAbi, PublicClient<HttpTransport, Chain>> =
-    undefined;
+  protected slashFactoryContract?: GetContractReturnType<typeof SlashFactoryAbi, ViemPublicClient> = undefined;
 
   // The amount to slash for a prune.
   // Note that we set it to 0, such that no actual slashing will happen, but the event will be fired,
@@ -127,10 +122,10 @@ export class SlasherClient extends WithTracer {
     this.synchedProvenBlockNumber = store.openSingleton('slasher_last_proven_l2_block');
 
     if (config.l1Contracts.slashFactoryAddress && config.l1Contracts.slashFactoryAddress !== EthAddress.ZERO) {
-      const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrl, config.l1ChainId);
+      const chain = createEthereumChain(config.l1RpcUrls, config.l1ChainId);
       const publicClient = createPublicClient({
         chain: chain.chainInfo,
-        transport: http(chain.rpcUrl),
+        transport: fallback(chain.rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
         pollingInterval: config.viemPollingIntervalMS,
       });
 
diff --git a/yarn-project/yarn.lock b/yarn-project/yarn.lock
index 293884092d7e..d4e90922e55b 100644
--- a/yarn-project/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn-project/yarn.lock
@@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ __metadata:
     ts-node: "npm:^10.9.1"
     tslib: "npm:^2.4.0"
     typescript: "npm:^5.0.4"
+    viem: "npm:2.22.8"
     zod: "npm:^3.23.8"
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft