diff --git a/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter.rb b/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter.rb
index fe07528492b..f4334f627d5 100644
--- a/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter.rb
+++ b/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter.rb
@@ -7,15 +7,22 @@ def header
       t('two_factor_authentication.piv_cac_header_text')
     end
 
-    def help_text
+    def piv_cac_help
       if service_provider_mfa_policy.aal3_required? &&
-         !service_provider_mfa_policy.allow_user_to_switch_method?
+         service_provider_mfa_policy.allow_user_to_switch_method?
+        t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_or_aal3_html')
+      elsif service_provider_mfa_policy.aal3_required? ||
+            service_provider_mfa_policy.piv_cac_required?
         t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_only_html')
       else
         t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_html')
       end
     end
 
+    def help_text
+      ''
+    end
+
     def piv_cac_capture_text
       t('forms.piv_cac_mfa.submit')
     end
diff --git a/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter.rb b/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter.rb
index cf962667010..3cc4ed7f6ce 100644
--- a/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter.rb
+++ b/app/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ class WebauthnAuthenticationPresenter < TwoFactorAuthCode::GenericDeliveryPresen
     attr_reader :credential_ids, :user_opted_remember_device_cookie
 
     def webauthn_help
-      if service_provider_mfa_policy.allow_user_to_switch_method?
+      if service_provider_mfa_policy.aal3_required? &&
+         service_provider_mfa_policy.allow_user_to_switch_method?
+        t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_or_aal3_html')
+      elsif service_provider_mfa_policy.aal3_required?
         t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_only_html')
       else
         t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_html')
diff --git a/app/views/two_factor_authentication/piv_cac_verification/show.html.erb b/app/views/two_factor_authentication/piv_cac_verification/show.html.erb
index c113cee0cdf..bac070645f5 100644
--- a/app/views/two_factor_authentication/piv_cac_verification/show.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/two_factor_authentication/piv_cac_verification/show.html.erb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 </h1>
 <div class='no-spinner'>
   <p class='mt-tiny mb3'>
-    <%= @presenter.help_text %>
+    <%= @presenter.piv_cac_help %>
   </p>
 
   <%= link_to @presenter.piv_cac_capture_text,
diff --git a/config/locales/instructions/en.yml b/config/locales/instructions/en.yml
index 98575f722fb..31ec54a3661 100644
--- a/config/locales/instructions/en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/instructions/en.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ en:
         confirm_piv_cac_html: Present the PIV/CAC that you associated with your account.
         confirm_piv_cac_only_html: This app requires a higher level of security. You
           need to verify your identity using a government employee ID that you previously
-          set up to access your information
+          set up to access your information.
+        confirm_piv_cac_or_aal3_html: This app requires a higher level of security.
+          You need to verxify your identity using a physical device such as a security
+          key or government employee ID (PIV/CAC) to access your information.
         did_not_work: There may be a problem with your PIV/CAC or PIN.  If you think
           this is an error, %{try_again}.  If this problem continues, contact your
           agency administrator.
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@ en:
         confirm_webauthn_only_html: This app requires a higher level of security.
           You need to verify your identity using a security key that you previously
           set up to access your information.
+        confirm_webauthn_or_aal3_html: This app requires a higher level of security.
+          You need to verxify your identity using a physical device such as a security
+          key or government employee ID (PIV/CAC) to access your information.
       wrong_number_html: Entered the wrong phone number? %{link}
     password:
       forgot: Don’t know your password? Reset it after confirming your email address.
diff --git a/config/locales/instructions/es.yml b/config/locales/instructions/es.yml
index 4a3ce820f36..2420ceac182 100644
--- a/config/locales/instructions/es.yml
+++ b/config/locales/instructions/es.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ es:
         confirm_piv_cac_html: Presenta la PIV/CAC que asociaste con tu cuenta.
         confirm_piv_cac_only_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de seguridad.
           Debe verificar su identidad utilizando una identificación de empleado del
-          gobierno que configuró previamente para acceder a su información
+          gobierno que configuró previamente para acceder a su información.
+        confirm_piv_cac_or_aal3_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de seguridad.
+          Debe verificar su identidad mediante un dispositivo físico, como una llave
+          de seguridad o una identificación de empleado del gobierno (PIV / CAC) para
+          acceder a su información.
         did_not_work: Puede haber un problema con su PIV / CAC o PIN. Si cree que
           esto es un error, %{try_again}.  Si este problema continúa, comuníquese
           con el administrador de su agencia.
@@ -66,6 +70,10 @@ es:
         confirm_webauthn_only_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de seguridad.
           Debe verificar su identidad utilizando una clave de seguridad que configuró
           previamente para acceder a su información.
+        confirm_webauthn_or_aal3_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de
+          seguridad. Debe verificar su identidad mediante un dispositivo físico, como
+          una llave de seguridad o una identificación de empleado del gobierno (PIV
+          / CAC) para acceder a su información.
       wrong_number_html: "¿Ingresó el número de teléfono equivocado? %{link}"
     password:
       forgot: "¿No sabe su contraseña? Restablézcala después de confirmar su email."
diff --git a/config/locales/instructions/fr.yml b/config/locales/instructions/fr.yml
index 750671a08a7..a81849e6bc5 100644
--- a/config/locales/instructions/fr.yml
+++ b/config/locales/instructions/fr.yml
@@ -40,9 +40,14 @@ fr:
         back_to_sign_in: Retourner à vous connecter
         confirm_piv_cac_html: Veuillez présenter la carte PIV/CAC que vous avez associée
           à votre compte.
-        confirm_piv_cac_only_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de seguridad.
-          Debe verificar su identidad utilizando una identificación de empleado del
-          gobierno que configuró previamente para acceder a su información
+        confirm_piv_cac_only_html: Cette application nécessite un niveau de sécurité
+          plus élevé. Vous devez vérifier votre identité à l'aide d'un identifiant
+          d'employé du gouvernement que vous avez précédemment configuré pour accéder
+          à vos informations.
+        confirm_piv_cac_or_aal3_html: Cette application nécessite un niveau de sécurité
+          plus élevé. Vous devez vérifier votre identité à l'aide d'un appareil physique
+          tel qu'une clé de sécurité ou un identifiant d'employé du gouvernement (PIV
+          / CAC) pour accéder à vos informations.
         did_not_work: Il peut y avoir un problème avec votre PIV / CAC ou votre code
           PIN. Si vous pensez que c'est une erreur, %{try_again}.  Si le problème
           persiste, contactez l'administrateur de votre agence.
@@ -70,9 +75,13 @@ fr:
         number_message_html: Nous venons de vous appeler à %{number}.
       webauthn:
         confirm_webauthn_html: Présentez la clé de sécurité associée à votre compte.
-        confirm_webauthn_only_html: Esta aplicación requiere un mayor nivel de seguridad.
-          Debe verificar su identidad utilizando una clave de seguridad que configuró
-          previamente para acceder a su información.
+        confirm_webauthn_only_html: Cette application nécessite un niveau de sécurité
+          plus élevé. Vous devez vérifier votre identité à l'aide d'une clé de sécurité
+          que vous avez précédemment configurée pour accéder à vos informations.
+        confirm_webauthn_or_aal3_html: Cette application nécessite un niveau de sécurité
+          plus élevé. Vous devez vérifier votre identité à l'aide d'un appareil physique
+          tel qu'une clé de sécurité ou un identifiant d'employé du gouvernement (PIV
+          / CAC) pour accéder à vos informations.
       wrong_number_html: Vous avez entré un mauvais numéro de téléphone? %{link}
     password:
       forgot: Vous ne connaissez pas votre mot de passe? Réinitialisez-le après avoir
diff --git a/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter_spec.rb b/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
index 0b4a4dab33b..c7a79113f77 100644
--- a/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/piv_cac_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ def presenter_with(arguments = {}, view = ActionController::Base.new.view_contex
 
   let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { false }
   let(:aal3_required) { true }
+  let(:piv_cac_required) { false }
   let(:service_provider_mfa_policy) do
     instance_double(ServiceProviderMfaPolicy,
                     aal3_required?: aal3_required,
+                    piv_cac_required?: piv_cac_required,
                     allow_user_to_switch_method?: allow_user_to_switch_method)
   end
 
@@ -32,31 +34,76 @@ def presenter_with(arguments = {}, view = ActionController::Base.new.view_contex
     it { expect(presenter.header).to eq expected_header }
   end
 
-  describe '#help_text' do
-    let(:expected_help_text) do
-      t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_html',
+  describe '#piv_cac_help' do
+    let(:aal3_required) { false }
+    let(:piv_cac_required) { false }
+
+    it 'returns help text' do
+      expected_help_text = t(
+        'instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_html',
         email: content_tag(:strong, user_email),
-        app: content_tag(:strong, APP_NAME))
+        app: content_tag(:strong, APP_NAME),
+      )
+      expect(presenter.piv_cac_help).to eq expected_help_text
     end
 
-    context 'with AAL3 required, and only one method enabled' do
+    context 'with PIV/CAC only requested' do
       let(:aal3_required) { true }
+      let(:piv_cac_required) { true }
+
+      context 'with a user who only has a PIV' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { false }
 
-      let(:expected_help_text) do
-        t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_only_html')
+        it 'returns the PIV only help text' do
+          expect(presenter.piv_cac_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_only_html'),
+          )
+        end
       end
-      it 'finds the PIV/CAC only help text' do
-        expect(presenter.help_text).to eq expected_help_text
+
+      context 'with a user who has a PIV and security key' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { false }
+
+        it 'returns the PIV only help text' do
+          expect(presenter.piv_cac_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_only_html'),
+          )
+        end
       end
     end
-    context 'without AAL3 required' do
-      let(:aal3_required) { false }
-      it 'finds the help text' do
-        expect(presenter.help_text).to eq expected_help_text
+
+    context 'with AAL3 requested' do
+      let(:aal3_required) { true }
+      let(:piv_cac_required) { false }
+
+      context 'with a user who only has a PIV' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { false }
+
+        it 'returns the PIV only help text' do
+          expect(presenter.piv_cac_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_only_html'),
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'with a user who has a PIV and security key' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { true }
+
+        it 'returns the PIV or AAL3 help text' do
+          expect(presenter.piv_cac_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.piv_cac.confirm_piv_cac_or_aal3_html'),
+          )
+        end
       end
     end
   end
 
+  describe 'help_text' do
+    it 'supplies no help text' do
+      expect(presenter.help_text).to eq('')
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '#link_text' do
     let(:aal3_required) { true }
 
diff --git a/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter_spec.rb b/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
index bdda380e96e..3dd7a3608e3 100644
--- a/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/presenters/two_factor_auth_code/webauthn_authentication_presenter_spec.rb
@@ -24,8 +24,43 @@
     allow(presenter).to receive(:service_provider_mfa_policy).and_return service_provider_mfa_policy
   end
 
+  describe '#webauthn_help' do
+    context 'with aal3 required' do
+      let(:aal3_required) { true }
+
+      context 'the user only has a security key enabled' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { false }
+
+        it 'returns the help text for just the security key' do
+          expect(presenter.webauthn_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_only_html'),
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'the user has a security key and PIV enabled' do
+        let(:allow_user_to_switch_method) { true }
+
+        it 'returns the help text for the security key or PIV' do
+          expect(presenter.webauthn_help).to eq(
+            t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_or_aal3_html'),
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with aal3 not required' do
+      let(:aal3_required) { false }
+
+      it 'displays the help text' do
+        expect(presenter.webauthn_help).to eq(
+          t('instructions.mfa.webauthn.confirm_webauthn_html'),
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '#help_text' do
-    context 'with aal3 required'
     it 'supplies no help text' do
       expect(presenter.help_text).to eq('')
     end