diff --git a/app/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller.rb b/app/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller.rb
index acec62f4a9f..44c0b04afc2 100644
--- a/app/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller.rb
@@ -10,19 +10,26 @@ def create
       form_response = image_form.submit
 
       if form_response.success?
-        doc_response = doc_auth_client.post_images(
+        client_response = doc_auth_client.post_images(
           front_image: image_form.front.read,
           back_image: image_form.back.read,
           selfie_image: image_form.selfie&.read,
           liveness_checking_enabled: liveness_checking_enabled?,
         )
 
-        store_pii(doc_response) if doc_response.success?
-
-        render_form_response(doc_response)
+        store_pii(client_response) if client_response.success?
+        status = :bad_request unless client_response.success?
       else
-        render_form_response(form_response)
+        status = image_form.status
       end
+
+      presenter = ImageUploadResponsePresenter.new(
+        form: image_form,
+        form_response: client_response || form_response,
+      )
+
+      render json: presenter,
+             status: status || :ok
     end
 
     private
@@ -42,21 +49,6 @@ def store_pii(doc_response)
       image_form.document_capture_session.store_result_from_response(doc_response)
     end
 
-    def render_form_response(form_response)
-      if form_response.success?
-        render json: {
-          success: true,
-        }
-      else
-        errors = form_response.errors.flat_map do |key, errs|
-          Array(errs).map { |err| { field: key, message: err } }
-        end
-
-        render json: form_response.to_h.merge(errors: errors),
-               status: :bad_request
-      end
-    end
-
     def doc_auth_client
       @doc_auth_client ||= DocAuth::Client.client
     end
diff --git a/app/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form.rb b/app/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form.rb
index 1f64925569d..ed76eb80c2c 100644
--- a/app/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form.rb
+++ b/app/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ class ApiImageUploadForm
     validates_presence_of :selfie, if: :liveness_checking_enabled?
 
     validate :validate_images
+    validate :throttle_if_rate_limited
 
     def initialize(params, liveness_checking_enabled:)
       @params = params
@@ -22,13 +23,27 @@ def initialize(params, liveness_checking_enabled:)
     end
 
     def submit
+      throttled_else_increment
+
       FormResponse.new(
         success: valid?,
         errors: errors.messages,
-        extra: {},
+        extra: {
+          remaining_attempts: remaining_attempts,
+        },
       )
     end
 
+    def status
+      return :ok if valid?
+      return :too_many_requests if errors.key?(:limit)
+      :bad_request
+    end
+
+    def remaining_attempts
+      Throttler::RemainingCount.call(document_capture_session.user_id, :idv_acuant)
+    end
+
     def liveness_checking_enabled?
       @liveness_checking_enabled
     end
@@ -66,6 +81,18 @@ def self.human_attribute_name(attr, options = {})
 
     attr_reader :params
 
+    def throttle_if_rate_limited
+      return unless @throttled
+      errors.add(:limit, t('errors.doc_auth.acuant_throttle'))
+    end
+
+    def throttled_else_increment
+      @throttled = Throttler::IsThrottledElseIncrement.call(
+        document_capture_session.user_id,
+        :idv_acuant,
+      )
+    end
+
     def validate_images
       IMAGE_KEYS.each do |image_key|
         validate_image(image_key) if params[image_key]
diff --git a/app/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter.rb b/app/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b854b38ccb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+class ImageUploadResponsePresenter
+  def initialize(form:, form_response:)
+    @form = form
+    @form_response = form_response
+  end
+
+  def success
+    @form_response.success?
+  end
+
+  def errors
+    @form_response.errors.flat_map do |key, errs|
+      Array(errs).map { |err| { field: key, message: err } }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def remaining_attempts
+    @form.remaining_attempts
+  end
+
+  def as_json(*)
+    {
+      success: success,
+      errors: errors,
+      remaining_attempts: remaining_attempts,
+    }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller_spec.rb
index 0ff0b00eb1a..f0aaf0c883b 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/idv/image_uploads_controller_spec.rb
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
           action
 
           json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(400)
           expect(json[:success]).to eq(false)
           expect(json[:errors]).to eq [
             { field: 'front', message: 'Please fill in this field.' },
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@
           action
 
           json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(400)
           expect(json[:errors]).to eq [
             { field: 'front', message: I18n.t('doc_auth.errors.not_a_file') },
           ]
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@
             action
 
             json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+            expect(response.status).to eq(400)
             expect(json[:errors]).to eq [
               { field: 'front', message: I18n.t('doc_auth.errors.not_a_file', locale: 'es') },
             ]
@@ -75,13 +78,48 @@
         end
       end
 
+      context 'throttling' do
+        it 'returns remaining_attempts with error' do
+          params.delete(:front)
+          allow(Throttler::RemainingCount).to receive(:call).and_return(3)
+
+          action
+
+          json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(400)
+          expect(json).to eq({
+                               success: false,
+                               errors: [{ field: 'front', message: 'Please fill in this field.' }],
+                               remaining_attempts: 3,
+                             })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns an error when throttled' do
+          allow(Throttler::IsThrottledElseIncrement).to receive(:call).once.and_return(true)
+          allow(Throttler::RemainingCount).to receive(:call).and_return(0)
+
+          action
+
+          json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(429)
+          expect(json).to eq({
+                               success: false,
+                               errors: [{
+                                 field: 'limit',
+                                 message: I18n.t('errors.doc_auth.acuant_throttle'),
+                               }],
+                               remaining_attempts: 0,
+                             })
+        end
+      end
+
       context 'when image upload succeeds' do
         it 'returns a successful response and modifies the session' do
           action
 
           json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(200)
           expect(json[:success]).to eq(true)
-
           expect(document_capture_session.reload.load_result.success?).to eq(true)
         end
       end
@@ -101,7 +139,9 @@
           action
 
           json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(response.status).to eq(400)
           expect(json[:success]).to eq(false)
+          expect(json[:remaining_attempts]).to be_a_kind_of(Numeric)
           expect(json[:errors]).to eq [
             { field: 'front', message: 'Too blurry' },
             { field: 'front', message: 'Wrong document' },
@@ -116,6 +156,7 @@
           action
 
           json = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_names: true)
+          expect(json[:remaining_attempts]).to be_a_kind_of(Numeric)
           expect(json[:errors]).to eq [
             {
               field: 'results',
diff --git a/spec/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form_spec.rb b/spec/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form_spec.rb
index 7e3b4dffe44..039e29d2723 100644
--- a/spec/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/forms/idv/api_image_upload_form_spec.rb
@@ -76,5 +76,24 @@
         expect(form.errors[:document_capture_session]).to eq(['Please fill in this field.'])
       end
     end
+
+    context 'when throttled from submission' do
+      before do
+        allow(Throttler::IsThrottledElseIncrement).to receive(:call).once.and_return(true)
+        form.submit
+      end
+
+      it 'is not valid' do
+        expect(form.valid?).to eq(false)
+        expect(form.errors[:limit]).to eq([I18n.t('errors.doc_auth.acuant_throttle')])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#submit' do
+    it 'includes remaining_attempts' do
+      response = form.submit
+      expect(response.extra[:remaining_attempts]).to be_a_kind_of(Numeric)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter_spec.rb b/spec/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdeb88633e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/presenters/image_upload_response_presenter_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe ImageUploadResponsePresenter do
+  let(:form) { Idv::ApiImageUploadForm.new({}, liveness_checking_enabled: false) }
+  let(:form_response) { FormResponse.new(success: true, errors: {}, extra: {}) }
+  let(:presenter) { described_class.new(form: form, form_response: form_response) }
+
+  before do
+    allow(Throttler::RemainingCount).to receive(:call).and_return(3)
+    allow(DocumentCaptureSession).to receive(:find_by).and_return(
+      DocumentCaptureSession.create!(requested_at: Time.zone.now),
+    )
+  end
+
+  describe '#success' do
+    context 'failure' do
+      let(:form_response) { FormResponse.new(success: false, errors: {}, extra: {}) }
+
+      it 'returns false' do
+        expect(presenter.success).to eq false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'success' do
+      it 'returns true' do
+        expect(presenter.success).to eq true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#errors' do
+    context 'failure' do
+      let(:form_response) do
+        FormResponse.new(
+          success: false,
+          errors: {
+            front: t('doc_auth.errors.not_a_file'),
+          },
+          extra: {},
+        )
+      end
+
+      it 'returns formatted errors' do
+        expect(presenter.errors).to eq [{ field: :front, message: t('doc_auth.errors.not_a_file') }]
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'success' do
+      it 'returns empty array' do
+        expect(presenter.errors).to eq []
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#remaining_attempts' do
+    it 'returns remaining attempts' do
+      expect(presenter.remaining_attempts).to eq 3
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#as_json' do
+    it 'returns hash of properties' do
+      expected = {
+        success: true,
+        errors: [],
+        remaining_attempts: 3,
+      }
+
+      expect(presenter.as_json).to eq expected
+    end
+  end
+end