diff --git a/lib/tasks/backfill_document_type.rake b/lib/tasks/backfill_document_type.rake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3e874323f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/tasks/backfill_document_type.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+namespace :in_person_enrollments do
+  desc 'Backfill the document_type column.'
+  ##
+  # Usage:
+  #
+  # Commit updates to enrollments. DOC_TYPE defaults to 'state_id'
+  # bundle exec \
+  #   rake in_person_enrollments:backfill_document_type [DOC_TYPE='state_id'|'passport_book']
+  #
+  task backfill_document_type: :environment do |t, _args|
+    logger = Logger.new(STDOUT, progname: "[#{t.name}]")
+    document_type = (ENV['DOC_TYPE'] || InPersonEnrollment::DOCUMENT_TYPE_STATE_ID).to_sym
+    batch_size = ENV['BATCH_SIZE']&.to_i || 1000
+
+    with_timeout do
+      records = enrollments_without_document_type
+      records_count = records.count
+
+      logger.info("Found #{records_count} in_person_enrollments needing backfill")
+
+      tally = 0
+      records.in_batches(of: batch_size) do |batch|
+        tally += batch.update_all(document_type:) # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+        logger.info("commit document_type for #{tally}/#{records_count} in_person_enrollments")
+      end
+
+      logger.info("COMPLETE: Updated #{tally}/#{records_count} in_person_enrollments")
+
+      records_count = enrollments_without_document_type.count
+      logger.info("#{records_count} new enrollments without a document type")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def enrollments_without_document_type
+    InPersonEnrollment
+      .where(document_type: nil)
+      .where.not(
+        status: InPersonEnrollment::STATUS_ESTABLISHING,
+      )
+  end
+
+  def with_timeout
+    timeout_in_seconds = ENV['STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS']&.to_i || 60.seconds
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      quoted_timeout = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(timeout_in_seconds.in_milliseconds)
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute("SET LOCAL statement_timeout = #{quoted_timeout}")
+      yield
+    end
+  end
+end